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Fedorowicz J, Sączewski J. Advances in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4649. [PMID: 38731869 PMCID: PMC11083083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design and synthesis of biologically active quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The covered scope extends beyond commonly reviewed antimicrobial derivatives to include synthetic agents with antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral properties. Additionally, this review highlights examples of quaternary ammonium compounds exhibiting activity against protozoa and herbicidal effects, as well as analgesic and anesthetic derivatives. The article also embraces the quaternary-ammonium-containing cholinesterase inhibitors and muscle relaxants. QACs, marked by their inherent permanent charge, also find widespread usage across diverse domains such as fabric softeners, hair conditioners, detergents, and disinfectants. The effectiveness of QACs hinges greatly on finding the right equilibrium between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. The ideal length of the alkyl chain varies according to the unique structure of each QAC and its biological settings. It is expected that this review will provide comprehensive data for medicinal and industrial chemists to design and develop novel QAC-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fedorowicz
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sączewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Canela-Xandri A, Balcells M, Villorbina G, Christou P, Canela-Garayoa R. Preparation and Uses of Chlorinated Glycerol Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E2511. [PMID: 32481583 PMCID: PMC7321119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerol (C3H8O3) is a major by-product of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats. The increased biodiesel production in the last two decades has forced glycerol production up and prices down. However, crude glycerol from biodiesel production is not of adequate purity for industrial uses, including food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The purification process of crude glycerol to reach the quality standards required by industry is expensive and dificult. Novel uses for crude glycerol can reduce the price of biodiesel and make it an economical alternative to diesel. Moreover, novel uses may improve environmental impact, since crude glycerol disposal is expensive and dificult. Glycerol is a versatile molecule with many potential applications in fermentation processes and synthetic chemistry. It serves as a glucose substitute in microbial growth media and as a precursor in the synthesis of a number of commercial intermediates or fine chemicals. Chlorinated derivatives of glycerol are an important class of such chemicals. The main focus of this review is the conversion of glycerol to chlorinated derivatives, such as epichlorohydrin and chlorohydrins, and their further use in the synthesis of additional downstream products. Downstream products include non-cyclic compounds with allyl, nitrile, azide and other functional groups, as well as oxazolidinones and triazoles, which are cyclic compounds derived from ephichlorohydrin and chlorohydrins. The polymers and ionic liquids, which use glycerol as an initial building block, are highlighted, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Canela-Xandri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Mercè Balcells
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Gemma Villorbina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluıís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Canela-Garayoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
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Zhou X, Hu S, Wang Y, Ullah S, Hu J, Liu H, Xu B. The surface adsorption, aggregate structure and antibacterial activity of Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactants with carboxylic counterions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190378. [PMID: 31598238 PMCID: PMC6731746 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A group of Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactants with the formula C n H2n+1CONH(CH2)2N+(CH3)2(CH2)2N+(CH3)2(CH2)2 NHCOC n H2n+1 · 2Y (n = 11, 13 and 15, Y = HCOO-, CH3COO- and CH3CHOHCOO-) have been synthesized by a counterion conversion process and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Their adsorption and self-aggregation properties are investigated by surface tension, conductivity, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The results show that these surfactants reduce the surface tension of water to a minimum value of 26.51 mN m-1 at a concentration of 5.72 × 10-2 mmol l-1. Furthermore, the increased alkyl chain length of the carboxylic counterions leads to the increased critical micelle concentration, the decreased degree of counterion binding (β) and the decreased self-assembly tendency, but the minimum area per surfactant molecule (A min) adsorbed at the air-aqueous solution are similar. TEM images reveal that these surfactants self-assemble spontaneously into aggregates with vesicle or bilayer structures. It is also found that they have superior antibacterial activity at a concentration of 0.1 g l-1. The high surface activity and high antibacterial activity of the Gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactants containing different carboxylic counterions bring more possibilities for the application in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongqin Liu
- Authors for correspondence: Hongqin Liu e-mail:
| | - Baocai Xu
- Authors for correspondence: Baocai Xu e-mail:
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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Geng T, Ju H, Duan S. Synthesis, surface/interfacial properties, and biological activity of amide-based Gemini cationic surfactants with hydroxyl in the spacer group. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pan N, Liu Y, Ren X, Huang TS. Fabrication of cotton fabrics through in-situ reduction of polymeric N-halamine modified graphene oxide with enhanced ultraviolet-blocking, self-cleaning, and highly efficient, and monitorable antibacterial properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhang C, Jiang Y, Ju H, Wang Y, Geng T. “Organic counterion” modified quaternary ammonium salt: Impact on antibacterial activity & application properties. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tian H, Zhai Y, Xu C, Liang J. Durable Antibacterial Cotton Fabrics Containing Stable Acyclic N-Halamine Groups. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Tian
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yongshai Zhai
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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Synergistic effect of binary mixtures contained newly cationic surfactant: Interaction, aggregation behaviors and application properties. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang C, Jiang Y, Ju H, Wang Y, Geng T. Lipophilic counterion effect on aggregation and adsorption behavior of quaternary ammonium surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1286991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiao Zhang
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yajie Jiang
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hongbin Ju
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yakui Wang
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Tao Geng
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
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Synthesis of Anionic Surfactant and Their Application in Washing of Oil-Contaminated Soil. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mondal MG, Pratap AP. Synthesis and Properties of Esterquats as Antibacterial Agent and Fabric Softener. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA series of cationic surfactants, di-chained esterquat surfactants, was synthesized from triethanolamine, stearic acid and various alkylation agents by two step processes. The quaterisation was carried out with diethyl sulphate, benzyl chloride, 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, benzoyl chloride. The synthesized surfactants were confirmed by IR spectra. Surface properties, wetting time, softness and antibacterial activity of the synthesized surfactants were investigated. The results showed that the synthesized esterquats exhibit high surface activities, better wetting times and very good softening properties. A synthesized cationic surfactant was further prepared for formulation of hair conditioning and body care. This product can be used in formulations of shampoo, fabric softener and liquid soaps and also it does not have any harmful impact to aquatic life. Further, the synthesized surfactant, prepared from 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, exhibit a better antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. It was found that the alkylation agent and hydrocarbon chain length affected the results.
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Ju H, Jiang Y, Geng T, Wang Y, Zhang C. Equilibrium and dynamic surface tension of quaternary ammonium salts with different hydrocarbon chain length of counterions. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Asadov ZH, Rahimov RA, Ahmadova GA, Huseynova SM, Ahmadbayova SF. Synthesis and surface-active properties of the fatty acid N-methylethylolamides and their phosphate derivatives. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1155155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyafaddin H. Asadov
- Laboratory of Surfactants, Institute of Petrochemical Processes of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ravan A. Rahimov
- Laboratory of Surfactants, Institute of Petrochemical Processes of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Gulnara A. Ahmadova
- Laboratory of Surfactants, Institute of Petrochemical Processes of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Saida M. Huseynova
- Laboratory of Surfactants, Institute of Petrochemical Processes of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Saida F. Ahmadbayova
- Laboratory of Surfactants, Institute of Petrochemical Processes of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Liu Y, Li J, Li L, McFarland S, Ren X, Acevedo O, Huang TS. Characterization and Mechanism for the Protection of Photolytic Decomposition of N-Halamine Siloxane Coatings by Titanium Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3516-23. [PMID: 26824841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
N-Halamine antibacterial materials have superior inactivation activities due to oxidative chlorine species. However, N-Cl bonds and bonds between N-halamine and substrates often decompose rapidly under UV irradiation, leading to unrecoverable loss of antimicrobial activity. In this study, titanium dioxide was covalently bonded onto N-halamine siloxane poly[5,5-dimethyl-3-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PSPH) via a sol-gel process. Experimental testing of the chlorinated cotton fabrics treated with TiO2/PSPH demonstrated that the residual oxidative chlorine in cotton-TiO2/PSPH-Cl was still effective for inactivating bacteria after 50 washing cycles and under UV light irradiation for 24 h. Quantum mechanical calculations found that TiO2 improves the UV stability of the PSPH-Cl system by increasing the activation barrier of the C-Si scission reaction responsible for the loss of the biocidal hydantoin moiety. SEM, XPS and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the coated cotton samples. Cotton-TiO2/PSPH-Cl samples exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895). The storage stability and washing stability of treated cotton fabrics were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stuart McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - T S Huang
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Tang W, Geng T, Jiang Y, Ju H, Wang Y. Properties of Didecyldimethylammonium Formate and Sodium Fatty Alcohol Ether Carboxylate Mixed Systems. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Li J, Cheng X, Ren X, Huang TS. Self-assembled antibacterial coating by N-halamine polyelectrolytes on a cellulose substrate. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1446-1454. [PMID: 32264496 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, two N-halamine polymer precursors, a cationic homopolymer poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (CHP) and an anionic homopolymer poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt) (AHP), have been successfully synthesized and coated onto cotton fabrics via a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. The coated cotton fabrics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biocidal efficacies of uncoated and coated cotton fabrics were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The chlorinated swatches (CHP-Cl and AHP-Cl) inactivated 100% S. aureus and 99.73% E. coli O157:H7 in 30 min. Over 51% of the chlorine is retained after the equivalent of 50 machine washes. A skin stimulation test showed that CHP-Cl and AHP-Cl compounds have no irritation to rabbit skin, and so these swatches might be utilized for biomedical applications in the future. As an easy and efficient way of coating fabrics, the LbL deposition technique can broaden the use of N-halamine biocides in other polar substances as antimicrobial functional coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Asadov ZH, Rahimov RA, Mammadova KA, Ahmadova GA, Ahmadbayova SF. Effect of Organic Counterions on the Properties of N-Lauryl Diisopropanolamine Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.945125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Study on the inclusion and solubilization processes of inclusion complex of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin with CDOTP. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bhatt D, Maheria KC, Parikh J. Studies on Surfactant–Ionic Liquid Interaction on Clouding Behaviour and Evaluation of Thermodynamic Parameters. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-012-1414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Synthesis, Surface and Thermodynamic Properties of Substituted Polytriethanolamine Nonionic Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-012-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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