1
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Rotarescu RD, Mathur M, Bejoy AM, Anderson GH, Metherel AH. Serum measures of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesis underestimates whole body DHA synthesis in male and female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 131:109689. [PMID: 38876393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Females have higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels than males, proposed to be a result of higher DHA synthesis rates from α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, DHA synthesis rates are reported to be low, and have not been directly compared between sexes. Here, we apply a new compound specific isotope analysis model to determine n-3 PUFA synthesis rates in male and female mice and assess its potential translation to human populations. Male and female C57BL/6N mice were allocated to one of three 12-week dietary interventions with added ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or DHA. The diets included low carbon-13 (δ13C)-n-3 PUFA for four weeks, followed by high δ13C-n-3 PUFA for eight weeks (n=4 per diet, time point, sex). Following the diet switch, blood and tissues were collected at multiple time points, and fatty acid levels and δ13C were determined and fit to one-phase exponential decay modeling. Hepatic DHA synthesis rates were not different (P>.05) between sexes. However, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) synthesis from dietary EPA was 66% higher (P<.05) in males compared to females, suggesting higher synthesis downstream of DPAn-3 in females. Estimates of percent conversion of dietary ALA to serum DHA was 0.2%, in line with previous rodent and human estimates, but severely underestimates percent dietary ALA conversion to whole body DHA of 9.5%. Taken together, our data indicates that reports of low human DHA synthesis rates may be inaccurate, with synthesis being much higher than previously believed. Future animal studies and translation of this model to humans are needed for greater understanding of n-3 PUFA synthesis and metabolism, and whether the higher-than-expected ALA-derived DHA can offset dietary DHA recommendations set by health agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra D Rotarescu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahima Mathur
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley M Bejoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Murugu DK, Onyango AN, Ndiritu AK, Nyangena DN, Osuga IM, Cheseto X, Subramanian S, Ekesi S, Tanga CM. Physicochemical properties of edible cricket oils: Implications for use in pharmaceutical and food industries. FUTURE FOODS 2024; 9:None. [PMID: 38932931 PMCID: PMC11197024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevailing global market demands locally produced, sustainable oils for biomedical applications. This study focused on evaluating the quality of cricket-derived oils and meals from Scapsipedus icipe Hugel, Tanga, and Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer common delicacy in Africa, following standard methods for physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and phytochemicals (oxalates, phytates, tannins, and polyphenols). The cricket oils physicochemical properties aligned with Codex Alimentarius standards for edible oils, including low solidification temperature (< 2 °C), a high refractive index (1.46), and a specific gravity of 0.88. Notably, peroxide values (1.9 to 2.5 mg mEq O2/kg), acid values (1.1 to 2.2 mg KOH/g), and saponification values (234-246 mg KOH/g) all are indicative of lightness and unsaturated fatty acids. Nutritionally, cricket powder was rich in protein (56.8-56.9% -) and fat (31.7-33.5% -of dry matter), with significant amounts of essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Predominant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were palmitic (23.9-31.2 mg/100 g-) and oleic acids (10.9-11.4 mg/100 g- of oil), respectively. Antioxidant values (48.0 to 65.0 mg/100 g), inferred from total polyphenols, suggests a stable oil with long shelf-life. These results highlight the promising and sustainable potential of cricket-derived oils for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy K. Murugu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arnold N. Onyango
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alex K. Ndiritu
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, University of Kabianga, P.O. Box 2030-20200 Kericho, Kenya
| | - Dorothy N. Nyangena
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M. Osuga
- Department of Animal Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
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3
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Sinclair AJ. Navigating my career in lipid research. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01452-6. [PMID: 38802606 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sinclair
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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4
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Gu C, Philipsen MH, Ewing AG. Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids Alter the Membrane Lipid Composition and Vesicle Size to Regulate Exocytosis and Storage of Catecholamines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:816-826. [PMID: 38344810 PMCID: PMC10884999 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The two essential fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, and the higher unsaturated fatty acids synthesized from them are critical for the development and maintenance of normal brain functions. Deficiencies of these fatty acids have been shown to cause damage to the neuronal development, cognition, and locomotor function. We combined electrochemistry and imaging techniques to examine the effects of the two essential fatty acids on catecholamine release dynamics and the vesicle content as well as on the cell membrane phospholipid composition to understand how they impact exocytosis and by extension neurotransmission at the single-cell level. Incubation of either of the two fatty acids reduces the size of secretory vesicles and enables the incorporation of more double bonds into the cell membrane structure, resulting in higher membrane flexibility. This subsequently affects proteins regulating the dynamics of the exocytotic fusion pore and thereby affects exocytosis. Our data suggest a possible pathway whereby the two essential fatty acids affect the membrane structure to impact exocytosis and provide a potential treatment for diseases and impairments related to catecholamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mai H. Philipsen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Tretola M, Mazzoleni S, Silacci P, Dubois S, Proserpio C, Pagliarini E, Bernardi CEM, Pinotti L, Bee G. Sustainable pig diets: partial grain replacement with former food products and its impact on meat quality. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae070. [PMID: 38490265 PMCID: PMC10989651 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of salty and sugary former foodstuff products (FFPs) on the quality traits and meat composition of 36 male castrated pigs (Swiss Large White breed) as well as sensory characteristics of the loins. The animals were fed three different diets for both the growing (G) and finishing (F) phases: (1) a standard diet (ST), 0% FFPs; (2) a diet with 30% of sugary FFPs (e.g., chocolate, biscuits, cakes) as a replacement for traditional ingredients (SU); and (3) a diet with 30% of salty FFPs (e.g., bread, pasta, and breadsticks) as a replacement for traditional ingredients (SA). For a comprehensive assessment of meat quality, protein and fat content in the LD were analyzed. AA and FA profile were determined both in the LD and backfat. Meat quality traits such as pH and temperature, thawing, cooking and drip losses, and shear force have been evaluated. Then, pork loins have been assessed for sensory attributes by a trained sensory panel. The SA diet decreased 20:5 n-3 levels (P < 0.001) in the muscle and 22:5 n-3 levels (P < 0.05) in both muscle and backfat but increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of mono-unsaturated to saturated fatty acids compared to the ST group. Both the SU and SA diets elevated (P < 0.001) the n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio compared to the ST diet. Dietary treatments did not affect other meat quality traits. Regarding sensory attributes, the loin from pigs fed with SU and SA diets were sweeter (P < 0.001). Loins of SA pigs were more tender (P < 0.001), had a more intense pork aroma (P < 0.001) and had more flavor (P < 0.01) compared to ST loins. Overall, the use of FFPs affected the fatty acid profile of pork while improving the sensory quality of the loins, with no negative effects observed on the technological and nutritional quality of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tretola
- Agroscope, Posieux 1725, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Sharon Mazzoleni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Proserpio
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Cristian E M Bernardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
- CRC I-WE, Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, University of Milan, Milan 20134, Italy
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6
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Burron S, Richards T, Krebs G, Trevizan L, Rankovic A, Hartwig S, Pearson W, Ma DWL, Shoveller AK. The balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in canine, feline, and equine nutrition: exploring sources and the significance of alpha-linolenic acid. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae143. [PMID: 38776363 PMCID: PMC11161904 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) have numerous significant physiological roles for mammals. The interplay between these families of FA is of interest in companion animal nutrition due to the influence of the n-6:n-3 FA ratio on the modulation of the inflammatory response in disease management and treatment. As both human and animal diets have shifted to greater consumption of vegetable oils rich in n-6 FA, the supplementation of n-3 FA to canine, feline, and equine diets has been advocated for. Although fish oils are commonly added to supply the long-chain n-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a heavy reliance on this ingredient by the human, pet food, and equine supplement industries is not environmentally sustainable. Instead, sustainable sourcing of plant-based oils rich in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), such as flaxseed and camelina oils, emerges as a viable option to support an optimal n-6:n-3 FA ratio. Moreover, ALA may offer health benefits that extend beyond its role as a precursor for endogenous EPA and DHA production. The following review underlines the metabolism and recommendations of n-6 and n-3 FA for dogs, cats, and horses and the ratio between them in promoting optimal health and inflammation management. Additionally, insights into both marine and plant-based n-3 FA sources will be discussed, along with the commercial practicality of using plant oils rich in ALA for the provision of n-3 FA to companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Burron
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Taylor Richards
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Giovane Krebs
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Trevizan
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Rankovic
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Samantha Hartwig
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
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7
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Burron S, Richards T, McCorkell TC, Trevizan L, Puttick D, Ma DWL, Pearson W, Shoveller AK. Effects of dietary camelina, flaxseed, and canola oil supplementation on plasma fatty acid concentrations and health parameters in horses. Animal 2023; 17:101034. [PMID: 38070473 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a hardy, low-input oilseed crop that provides a rich source of the n-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA). The primary purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary camelina oil (CAM) consumption on various health parameters, as compared to horses fed canola oil (OLA) or flax oil (FLX). Secondly, to determine how dietary CAM, FLX, and OLA alter circulating plasma total lipids across time. Thirty horses, from three separate herds, were used for this study [14.9 years ± 5.3 years; 544 ± 66 kg calculated BW (mean ± SD)]. After a 4-week gradual acclimation period using sunflower oil mixed with soaked hay cubes, horses were balanced by location, age, sex, weight, and breed and randomly allocated to one of three treatment oils (CAM, OLA, or FLX) at an inclusion of 370 mg of oil/kg BW/day. Horses had ad libitum access to hay and/or pasture for the duration of the study. Body condition score (BCS), BW, oil intake, complete blood counts, plasma biochemical profiles, and plasma total lipids were measured on weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 throughout the 16-week treatment period. BW, BCS, and oil intake were analyzed using an ANOVA using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS Studio. Complete blood counts and biochemical profiles were analyzed using an ANCOVA, and fatty acids were analyzed using an ANOVA in PROC MIXED in SAS Studio. No differences were observed among treatment groups for BW, BCS, oil intake, complete blood counts, and biochemical parameters. Individual fatty acids that differed among treatments and/or across time were largely reflective of the different FA profiles of the oils provided. Most notably, plasma ALA was greater for FLX than OLA, but neither differed from CAM (P = 0.01). Linoleic acid did not differ among treatments or over time (P > 0.05). The n-6:n-3 ratio decreased over time for both CAM and FLX, and ratios were lower for FLX than OLA at week 16, but not different from CAM (P = 0.02). These results suggest that dietary CAM had no adverse effects on health parameters and that daily supplementation of CAM and FLX at 370 mg of oil/kg BW/day induces positive changes (a decrease) in the n-6:n-3 status of the horse. Consequently, CAM may be considered as an alternative oil to FLX in equine diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burron
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T Richards
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T C McCorkell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L Trevizan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D Puttick
- Smart Earth Camelina Corp, Saskatoon, SK S7M 5V1, Canada
| | - D W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - W Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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8
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Farid A, Ooda A, Nabil A, Nasser A, Ahmed E, Ali F, Mohamed F, Farid H, Badran M, Ahmed M, Ibrahim M, Rasmy M, Saleeb M, Riad V, Ibrahim Y, Madbouly N. Eobania vermiculata whole-body muscle extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles enhanced skin regeneration and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:373. [PMID: 37828599 PMCID: PMC10571447 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usually, wounds recover in four to six weeks. Wounds that take longer time than this to heal are referred to as chronic wounds. Impaired healing can be caused by several circumstances like hypoxia, microbial colonization, deficiency of blood flow, reperfusion damage, abnormal cellular reaction and deficiencies in collagen production. Treatment of wounds can be enhanced through systemic injection of the antibacterial drugs and/or other topical applications of medications. However, there are a number of disadvantages to these techniques, including the limited or insufficient medication penetration into the underlying skin tissue and the development of bacterial resistance with repeated antibiotic treatment. One of the more recent treatment options may involve using nanotherapeutics in combination with naturally occurring biological components, such as snail extracts (SE). In this investigation, chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) were loaded with an Eobania vermiculata whole-body muscle extract. The safety of the synthesized NPs was investigated in vitro to determine if these NPs might be utilized to treat full-skin induced wounds in vivo. RESULTS SEM and TEM images showed uniformly distributed, spherical, smooth prepared CS NPs and snail extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SE-CS NPs) with size ranges of 76-81 and 91-95 nm, respectively. The zeta potential of the synthesized SE-CS NPs was - 24.5 mV, while that of the CS NPs was 25 mV. SE-CS NPs showed a remarkable, in vitro, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Successfully, SE-CS NPs (50 mg/kg) reduced the oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde), reduced inflammation, increased the levels of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione), and assisted the healing of induced wounds. SE-CS NPs (50 mg/kg) can be recommended to treat induced wounds safely. SE was composed of a collection of several wound healing bioactive components [fatty acids, amino acids, minerals and vitamins) that were loaded on CS NPs. CONCLUSIONS The nanostructure enabled bioactive SE components to pass through cell membranes and exhibit their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, accelerating the healing process of wounds. Finally, it is advised to treat rats' wounds with SE-CS NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Adham Ooda
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Areej Nasser
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa Ahmed
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma Ali
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Habiba Farid
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Badran
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Ahmed
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Ibrahim
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Rasmy
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Martina Saleeb
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Vereena Riad
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yousr Ibrahim
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen Madbouly
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Wyrostek A, Czyż K, Sokoła-Wysoczańska E, Patkowska-Sokoła B, Bielas W. The Effect of Ethyl Esters of Linseed Oil on the Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Hair Coat Sebum, Blood Serum and Erythrocyte Membranes in Healthy Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2250. [PMID: 37508027 PMCID: PMC10375989 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation with ethyl esters of linseed oil on the fatty acid profile in hair sebum, blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in healthy dogs. The material for the study included hair and blood samples of adult beagle dogs. The experiment was performed in two periods: summer and winter. Each time it lasted 16 weeks. During the first 8 weeks, the dogs received a supplement, the amount of which was determined individually so that the ratio of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LA) together in the feed and supplement was 1:1. Hair coat and blood samples were collected on days 0, 56 and 112; i.e., before the start of supplementation, after 8 weeks of supplementation and 8 weeks after supplementation was completed. The study included a determination of the fatty acid profile with a particular emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in hair sebum, blood serum and erythrocyte membranes. As a result of supplementation, a significant decrease in saturated acids and an increase in unsaturated acids was observed in hair sebum both in summer and winter and especially in omega-3 fatty acids; i.e., α-linolenic (ALA) and its derivatives eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The same relationships were observed in blood serum and in erythrocyte cell membranes in all the studied periods. Additionally, 8 weeks after the end of supplementation, the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids was still higher compared to the period before supplementation. Moreover, the supplementation resulted in a favorable decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids in the tested samples, which persisted even after the withdrawal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wyrostek
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czyż
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Patkowska-Sokoła
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bielas
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animal, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Wang S, Shibata Y, Tanizaki Y, Zhang H, Yan W, Fu L, Shi YB. Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome Profiles Reveals Distinct and Organ-Dependent Genomic and Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone in Xenopus tropicalis Tadpoles. Thyroid 2023; 33:511-522. [PMID: 36503276 PMCID: PMC10122239 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3]) is essential for development and organ metabolism in all vertebrates. T3 has both genomic and nongenomic effects on target cells. While much has been learnt on its genomic effects via T3 receptors (TRs) in vertebrate development, mostly through TR-knockout and TR-knockin studies, little is known about the effects of T3 on gene expression in animals in the absence of TR. We have been studying Xenopus metamorphosis as a model for mammalian postembryonic development, a period around birth when plasma T3 level peaks and many organs/tissues mature into their adult forms. We have recently generated TR double knockout (TRDKO) Xenopus tropicalis animals. This offers an opportunity to compare the effects of T3 on global gene expression in tadpole tissues in the presence or absence of TR. Methods: We analyzed the effects of T3 on gene expression in tadpole tail and intestine by using RNA-seq analysis on wild-type and TRDKO tadpoles with or without T3 treatment. Results: We observed that removing TRs reduced the number of genes regulated by T3 in both organs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that T3 affected distinct biological processes and pathways in wild-type and TRDKO tadpoles. Many GO terms and KEGG pathways that were enriched among genes regulated in wild-type tissues are likely involved in mediating the effects of T3 on metamorphosis, for example, those related to development, stem cells, apoptosis, and cell cycle/cell proliferation. However, such GO terms and pathways were not enriched among T3-regulated genes in TRDKO tadpoles. Instead, in TRDKO tadpoles, GO terms and pathways related to "metabolism" and "immune response" were highly enriched among T3-regulated genes. We further observed strong divergence in the TR-independent nongenomic effects of T3 in the intestine and tail. Conclusions: Our data suggest that T3 has distinct and organ-dependent effects on gene expression in developing tadpoles. The TR-mediated effects are consistent with the metamorphic changes, in agreement with the fact that TR is necessary and sufficient to mediate the effects of T3 on metamorphosis. T3 appears to have a major effect on metabolism and immune response via TR-independent nongenomic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhong Wang
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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van Amersfort K, van der Lee A, Hagen-Plantinga E. Evidence-base for the beneficial effect of nutraceuticals in canine dermatological immune-mediated inflammatory diseases - A literature review. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36938651 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with an abnormal immune response, resulting in a disturbed homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Most canine dermatological IMIDs (cDIMIDs), such as allergies, autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases, require long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs with potential adverse effects. In general, nutraceuticals are thought to be safe. As a result, there is a tendency for the more frequent use of nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to present evidence-based proof for the use of various nutraceuticals in the treatment of cDIMIDs and, where possible, to provide conclusions to guide their use in veterinary dermatological practice. METHODS A comprehensive literature search on common cDIMIDs and nutraceuticals was performed. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English and related to the study topic were included. A total of 64 eligible publications were classified in five categories based on study design and substantively assessed on additional criteria such as standardisation of diets and number of included animals. For final appraisal, classification of major, minor or no evidence was used whereby efficacy was based on clinical outcome measurements. CONCLUSIONS Minor evidence for the beneficial use of several nutraceuticals, including essential fatty acids, niacinamide and probiotics, was found for treatment of specific cDIMIDs. These nutraceuticals may improve clinical signs or reduce the required dose of concurrent medication (e.g. drug-sparing effect) in some dogs. Some nutraceuticals also may be used for long-term maintenance therapy. Despite some promising findings, major evidence for the use of nutraceuticals in cDIMIDs is lacking, warranting further research.
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Murray M, Barlow CK, Blundell S, Buecking M, Gibbon A, Goeckener B, Kaminskas LM, Leitner P, Selby-Pham S, Sinclair A, Waktola HD, Williamson G, Bennett LE. Demonstrating a link between diet, gut microbiota and brain: 14C radioactivity identified in the brain following gut microbial fermentation of 14C-radiolabeled tyrosine in a pig model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1127729. [PMID: 36969812 PMCID: PMC10033698 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThere is a need to better understand the relationship between the diet, the gut microbiota and mental health. Metabolites produced when the human gut microbiota metabolize amino acids may enter the bloodstream and have systemic effects. We hypothesize that fermentation of amino acids by a resistant protein-primed gut microbiota could yield potentially toxic metabolites and disturb the availability of neurotransmitter precursors to the brain. However, these mechanisms are challenging to investigate via typical in vitro and clinical methods.MethodsWe developed a novel workflow using 14C radiolabeling to investigate complex nutrient-disease relationships. The first three steps of the workflow are reported here. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) was used as a model nutrient to confirm the efficacy of the workflow, and tyrosine (Tyr) was the test nutrient. 14C-Tyr was administered to male weanling pigs fed a high resistant protein diet, which primed the gut microbiota for fermenting protein. The hypotheses were; (1) that expected biodistribution of 14C-ALA would be observed, and (2) that radioactivity from 14C-Tyr, representing Tyr and other amino acids released from resistant protein following gut microbial fermentation, would be bioavailable to the brain.ResultsRadioactivity from the 14C-ALA was detected in tissues reflecting normal utilization of this essential fatty acid. Radioactivity from the 14C-Tyr was detected in the brain (0.15% of original dose).ConclusionMetabolites of gut-fermented protein and specifically amino acid precursors to neurotransmitters such as tyrosine, are potentially able to affect brain function. By extension, resistant proteins in the diet reaching the gut microbiota, also have potential to release metabolites that can potentially affect brain function. The high specificity of detection of 14C radioactivity demonstrates that the proposed workflow can similarly be applied to understand other key diet and health paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Barlow
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Blundell
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Buecking
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Anne Gibbon
- Monash Animal Research Platform, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernd Goeckener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Leitner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Habtewold D. Waktola
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise E. Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Louise E. Bennett,
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Xi H, Zhou W, Sohaib M, Niu Y, Zhu R, Guo Y, Wang S, Mao J, Wang X, Guo L. Flaxseed supplementation significantly reduces hemoglobin A1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2023; 110:23-32. [PMID: 36640581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed is a functional food because of its high content of alpha-linolenic acid, lignans, and dietary fiber. We hypothesized that flaxseed supplementation would improve cardiometabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, clinical trials have shown conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of flaxseed supplementation in patients with T2DM. Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase until 25 March 2022. A total of 13 studies were included, and the results showed that flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in participants with T2DM compared with the control group. In contrast, it had no effects on body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and lipid parameters. In the subgroup analyses, FBG was significantly reduced with supplementation of flaxseed in participants with baseline FBG ≥8.0 mmol/L or baseline HbA1c ≥7.0%. And a significant decrease in HbA1c in participants with baseline HbA1c ≥7.0% after flaxseed supplementation. In addition, subgroup analyses indicated that whole flaxseed supplementation significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in participants with T2DM. In conclusion, flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced HbA1c in participants with T2DM, especially those with poorly controlled blood sugar levels. However, larger scale studies with better designs are needed to confirm insignificant and/or ambiguous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xi
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Wei Zhou
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | | | - Yirou Niu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Ruiting Zhu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Yingze Guo
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Saikun Wang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Jing Mao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Xingyu Wang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Lirong Guo
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021.
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14
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Sanchez MDLL, Caltzontzin V, Feregrino-Pérez AA. Nutritional Composition, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Different Samples of Water Boatmen Eggs (Hemiptera: Corixidae). Foods 2022; 12:foods12010028. [PMID: 36613244 PMCID: PMC9818163 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of aquatic insects collectively called "water boatmen" or "Axayacatl" (Hemiptera: Corixidae) and their eggs, called "Ahuahutle", have been consumed and cultivated since the pre-Hispanic era in Mexico. Nevertheless, food composition databases contain limited information on the nutritional composition of these eggs. This work evaluates the macronutrients and bioactive compounds of water boatmen eggs obtained from three different locations in Mexico. The primary analyses to be determined for the first time were some bioactive compounds in the eggs, such as phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, condensed tannins content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), and, additionally, fatty acids and proximal composition. The results showed that the sample from Hidalgo (AMC) presented the highest number of phenolic compounds (855.12 ± 0.52), followed by ALT (125.52 ± 0.05) and, with the lowest amount, AMT (99.92 ± 0.13), all expressed in an mg GAE/g sample. ALT indicated the highest mol TE/g sample concentration for ABTS (25.34 ± 0.472) and DPPH (39.76 ± 0.054), showing a significant difference in the DPPH method with the AMT samples. The three Corixidae egg samples had between 15 to 18 different fatty acid profiles, and there were statistically significant differences (Student's t-test ≤ 0.05) between the means using MSD. The total fats of the three samples were between 12.5 and 15.5 g/100 g dry basis. In addition, Corixidae eggs are excellent protein sources. Thus, water boatmen's eggs can be considered to be a food rich in bioactive compounds.
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15
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A Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry-Based Workflow for Clinical Metabolomics Cohort Studies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121168. [PMID: 36557207 PMCID: PMC9782571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a comprehensive analysis of all metabolites in a biological system, metabolomics is being widely applied in various clinical/health areas for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. However, challenges remain in dealing with the metabolomic complexity, massive data, metabolite identification, intra- and inter-individual variation, and reproducibility, which largely limit its widespread implementation. This study provided a comprehensive workflow for clinical metabolomics, including sample collection and preparation, mass spectrometry (MS) data acquisition, and data processing and analysis. Sample collection from multiple clinical sites was strictly carried out with standardized operation procedures (SOP). During data acquisition, three types of quality control (QC) samples were set for respective MS platforms (GC-MS, LC-MS polar, and LC-MS lipid) to assess the MS performance, facilitate metabolite identification, and eliminate contamination. Compounds annotation and identification were implemented with commercial software and in-house-developed PAppLineTM and UlibMS library. The batch effects were removed using a deep learning model method (NormAE). Potential biomarkers identification was performed with tree-based modeling algorithms including random forest, AdaBoost, and XGBoost. The modeling performance was evaluated using the F1 score based on a 10-times repeated trial for each. Finally, a sub-cohort case study validated the reliability of the entire workflow.
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16
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Ibrahim D, Abd El-Hamid MI, Al-Zaban MI, ElHady M, El-Azzouny MM, ElFeky TM, Al Sadik GM, Samy OM, Hamed TA, Albalwe FM, Alenezi MA, Omar AE. Impacts of Fortifying Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Diet with Different Strains of Microalgae on Its Performance, Fillet Quality and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Considering the Interplay between Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2181. [PMID: 36358553 PMCID: PMC9686914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress facing fish during intensive production brings about diseases and mortalities that negatively influence their performance. Along with that, the increased awareness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3-PUFAs) health benefits has been triggered the introduction of alternative additives in aqua feed that cause not only modulation in fish immune response but also fortification of their fillet. In this context, the role of microalgae mix (NSS) containing Nannochloropsis oculate and Schizochytrium and Spirulina species, which were enriched with bioactive molecules, especially EPA and DHA, was assessed on Nile tilapia's performance, fillet antioxidant stability, immune response, and disease resistance. Varying levels of NSS (0.75, 1.5, and 3%) were added to Nile tilapia's diet for 12 weeks and then a challenge of fish with virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) was carried out. Results showed that groups fed NSS, especially at higher levels, showed an improved WG and FCR, which corresponded with enhanced digestive enzymes' activities. Higher T-AOC was detected in muscle tissues of NSS3.0% fed fish with remarkable reduction in ROS, H2O2, and MDA contents, which came in parallel with upregulation of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD genes. Notably, the contents of EPA and DHA in fillet were significantly increased with increasing the NSS levels. The mean log10 counts of pathogenic Vibrio and Staphylococcus species were reduced, and conversely, the populations of beneficial Lactobacillus and Bacillus species were increased more eminent after supplementation of NSS3.0% and NSS1.5%. Moreover, regulation of the immune response (lysozyme, IgM, ACH50, NO, and MPO), upregulation of IL-10, TGF-β, and IgM, and downregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, HSP70,and COX-2 were observed following dietary higher NSS levels. After challenge, reduction in A. hydrophila counts was more prominent, especially in NSS3.0% supplemented group. Taken together, the current study encourages the incorporation of such microalgae mix in Nile tilapia's diet for targeting maximum performance, superior fillet quality, and protection against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mayasar I. Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed ElHady
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mona M. El-Azzouny
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Tamer Mohamed ElFeky
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansura Lab, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gehan M. Al Sadik
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Omima M. Samy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Thoria A. Hamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Fauzeya Mateq Albalwe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anaam E. Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Nano-Formulation on Growth, Antioxidant Potential, Fillet Quality, Immunity, Autophagy-Related Genes and Aeromonas hydrophila Resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081523. [PMID: 36009242 PMCID: PMC9405413 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern aquaculture, enriching Nile tilapia’s diet with omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) not only plays an important role in its general health but also fortifies its fillet with omega-3-PUFAs. However, the major challenge affecting their delivery is their high instability due to oxidative deterioration. Thus, the prospective incorporation of omega-3-PUFAs into nanocarriers can enhance their stability and bioactivity. In this regard, the effect of reformulated omega-3-NPs was investigated on Nile tilapia’s performance, flesh antioxidant stability, immunity, and disease resistance. Four fish groups supplemented with omega-3-PUFAs-loaded nanoparticles (omega-3 NPs) at levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg diet and at the end of feeding trial fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish performance (weight gain and feed conversion) was improved in groups supplemented with omega-3-NPs (2 and 3 g/kg diet). The deposition of omega-3-PUFAs in fish flesh elevated with increasing dietary omega-3-NPs. Simultaneously the oxidative markers (H2O2, MDA, and reactive oxygen species) in fish flesh were reduced, especially with higher omega-3-NPs. Post-challenge, downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and caspase-1 were noticed after dietary supplementation of omega-3-NPs. Moreover, mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes was upregulated while the mTOR gene was downregulated with higher omega-3 NPs levels. Lower expression of A. hydrophila ahyI and ahyR genes were detected with omega-3 NPs supplementation. In conclusion, omega-3-NPs application can fortify tilapia flesh with omega-3-PUFAs and augment its performance, immunity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Chinarak K, Panpipat W, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Cheong LZ, Chaijan M. A Novel Strategy for the Production of Edible Insects: Effect of Dietary Perilla Seed Supplementation on Nutritional Composition, Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Δ6 Desaturase Gene Expression of Sago Palm Weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) Larvae. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142036. [PMID: 35885278 PMCID: PMC9318320 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional value, growth performance, and lipid metabolism of sago palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, SPWL) raised on plant-based diets (soybean, rice bran, and ground sago palm trunk (GSPT)), supplemented with various concentrations (0, 3, 7, 15, and 20%) of perilla seed (PS) were compared with traditional diets i.e., regular GSPT (control) and GSPT supplemented with pig feed. All supplemented diets rendered SPWL with higher lipid and protein contents (p < 0.05). Supplementing with 7−20% PS enhanced α-linoleic acid content in SPWL, resulting in a decrease in the n-6:n-3 ratio to a desirable level. Dietary PS supplementation increased Δ9 (18), total Δ9 and Δ5 + Δ6 desaturase indexes, fatty acid (FA) unsaturation, and the polyunsaturated FA:saturated FA ratio in SPWL, while lowering atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index, and Δ6 desaturase (fads2) gene expression. Boosting with 7% PS improved the majority of growth parameters and enhanced essential amino acid and mineral contents (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Chinarak
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (K.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (K.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-7567-2319; Fax: +66-7567-2302
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (A.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Natthaporn Phonsatta
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (A.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (K.C.); (M.C.)
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Martínez R, Mesas C, Guzmán A, Galisteo M, López-Jurado M, Prados J, Melguizo C, Bermúdez F, Porres JM. Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model. Food Funct 2022; 13:7614-7628. [PMID: 35731538 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00672c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Basil is an aromatic herb with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The oil extracted from its seeds is a good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and also provides substantial amounts of linoleic acid (LA). This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on different physiological parameters using 7-15% dietary inclusion levels. Furthermore, the assimilation of LA and ALA and their transformation in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been studied. Digestive utilization of total fat from basil seed oil (BSO) was high and similar to that of olive oil used as a control. Consumption of BSO resulted in increased LA and ALA levels of the plasma, liver, and erythrocyte membrane. In addition, the transformation of LA to arachidonic acid (ARA) was decreased by the high dietary intake of ALA which redirected the pathway of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme towards the transformation of ALA into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). No alterations of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were found for the 7 and 10% dietary inclusion levels of BSO, whereas a decrease in the platelet count and an increase in total- and HDL-cholesterol as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found for a 15% BSO dose. In conclusion, BSO is a good source of ALA to be transformed into EPA and decrease the precursor of the pro-inflammatory molecule ARA. This effect on the levels of EPA in different tissues offers potential for its use as a dietary supplement, novel functional food, or a constituent of nutraceutical formulations to treat different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Martínez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain. .,Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Milagros Galisteo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Bermúdez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Porres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Effects of different ratios of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids in the diet of sows on the proteome of milk-derived extracellular vesicles. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The Effect of the Season, the Maintenance System and the Addition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Selected Biological and Physicochemical Features of Rabbit Fur. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080971. [PMID: 35454218 PMCID: PMC9030127 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rabbit furs are a valuable material used in the fur industry. Many studies show beneficial effects of omega-3 acids supplementation on the skin and coat of animals. The aim of the study was to show the impact of environmental conditions and dietary supplementation with ethyl esters of linseed oil on the quality of the rabbit hair coat. The experiment was carried out in four stages: laboratory (summer and winter) and outdoor (summer and winter). The experimental rabbits were given an addition of ethyl linseed oil to their feed (during 2 months). To assess biological and physico-mechanical properties of the coat samples and to determine fatty acid profile and histological evaluation, the hair samples were collected three times: before the study, after two months of treatment, and after two months from the end of supplementation. The obtained results show that the environmental conditions have a major impact on the quality of the rabbit coat. The best results of hair heat protection were obtained from animals kept outdoors. Administration of linseed oil ethyl esters had a positive effect on the hair fatty acid profile. Abstract The aim of the study was to show the impact of environmental conditions and dietary supplementation with ethyl esters of linseed oil on the quality of the rabbit hair coat. The research was divided into 4 stages: laboratory (summer and winter) and outdoor (summer and winter). In each stage of the research, animals were divided into control and experimental groups. The animals were fed in accordance with the feeding standards of reproductive rabbits during the period of sexual dormancy. The rabbits from the experimental groups during the first two months were given an addition of ethyl linseed oil to the feed. In the experiment, linseed oil was cold-pressed directly in the laboratory. Three samples of hair were collected: before the study, after two months of treatment, and after two months from the end of supplementation. The hair coat biological properties, such as share of individual hair fractions (%), heat transfer index (HTI), hair diameter (μm), as well as physico-mechanical properties such as breaking force (N), breaking stress (kg/cm2) and elongation (%) were performed. Moreover, the histological structure of hair and histological hair evaluation were performed. The fatty acid profile was determined in the hair as well. The obtained results of the content of individual fatty acids were grouped into saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, omega-3 and omega-6 were distinguished from the group of unsaturated acids. The environmental conditions have a major impact on the quality of the rabbit coat. The best results of hair thickness and their heat protection were obtained from animals kept outdoors. The studies did not show an influence of the administered preparation on the quality of the rabbit coat. The hair became thinner, but more flexible and tear-resistant. Administration of linseed oil ethyl esters had significant, beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile in hair and hair sebum were observed. There was a significant increase in omega-3 acids, and a significant decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids.
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22
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Zappaterra M, Catillo G, Fiego DPL, Minelli G, Padalino B, Davoli R. Genetic parameters and analysis of factors affecting variations between backfat and Semimembranosus muscle fatty acid composition in heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2022; 188:108775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen W, Wang J, Ren Y, Chen H, He C, Wang Q. Optimized production and enrichment of α-linolenic acid by Scenedesmus sp. HSJ296. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ponnampalam EN, Sinclair AJ, Holman BWB. The Sources, Synthesis and Biological Actions of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Red Meat: An Overview. Foods 2021; 10:1358. [PMID: 34208278 PMCID: PMC8230916 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The maximisation of available resources for animal production, food security and maintenance of human-animal wellbeing is important for an economically viable, resilient and sustainable future. Pasture and forage diets are common sources of short chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while grain-based and feedlot diets are common sources of short chain omega-6 (n-6) PUFA. Animals deposit n-3 and n-6 PUFA as a result of their direct consumption, as feeds or by synthesis of longer chain PUFA from short chain FA precursors in the body via desaturation and elongation processes. Research conducted over the last three decades has determined that the consumption of n-3 PUFA can improve the health and wellbeing of humans through its biological, biochemical, pathological and pharmacological effects. n-6 PUFA also play an important role in human health, but when consumed at high levels, are potentially harmful. Research shows that current consumption of n-6 PUFA by the human population is high due to their meal choices and the supplied food types. If consumption of n-3 PUFA from land- and marine-based foods improves human health, it is likely that these same food types can improve the health and wellbeing of livestock (farm animals) by likewise enhancing the levels of the n-3 PUFA in their circulatory and tissue systems. Modern agricultural systems and advanced technologies have fostered large scale animal and crop production systems. These allow for the utilisation of plant concentrate-based diets to increase the rate of animal growth, often based on economics, and these diets are believed to contribute to unfavourable FA intakes. Knowledge of the risks associated with consuming foods that have greater concentration of n-6 PUFA may lead to health-conscious consumers avoiding or minimising their intake of animal- and plant-based foods. For this reason, there is scope to produce food from plant and animal origins that contain lesser amounts of n-6 PUFA and greater amounts of n-3 PUFA, the outcome of which could improve both animal and human health, wellbeing and resilience to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Benjamin W. B. Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia;
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Gopalam R, Tumaney AW. Functional characterization of acyltransferases from Salvia hispanica that can selectively catalyze the formation of trilinolenin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112712. [PMID: 33706110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia hispanica (chia) is an important oilseed crop cultivated commercially in South America, Australia, and India. It is the richest terrestrial natural source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with varied health benefits. In this study, we have measured the total lipid content, fatty acid composition in four phases of seed development and analyzed the major triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species present in Indian chia seed oil. We found that the mature seeds produced 28% oil, 65% of ALA, and trilinolenin as the major TAG species. To make TAG rich in ALA, there should be specialized enzymes that can efficiently transfer ALA to TAG. To study this hypothesis, we performed a characterization of TAG synthesizing enzymes present in chia. We have identified two acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (ShDGAT1 and ShDGAT2) and one phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (ShPDAT1) from the chia transcriptome data. Functional characterization of these enzymes was conducted by heterologous expression in a TAG deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Substrate specificity studies showed that ShDGAT2-1 and ShPDAT1 exhibited a strong preference towards substrates containing ALA and could incorporate 45% and 80% ALA into TAG, respectively. Both enzymes incorporated ALA in a concentration-dependent manner into TAG and were able to form trilinolenin in yeast. Our results provide a first insight into the high ALA accumulation in chia and the first demonstration of trilinolenin formation by DGAT2. The two identified enzymes (ShDGAT2-1 and ShPDAT1) can be used to metabolically engineer other oilseed crops to produce high levels of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gopalam
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ajay W Tumaney
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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26
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Tharmatt A, Thakur S, Singh A, Kaur M, Shahtaghi NR, Malhotra D, Jain SK. Olive oil and oleic acid-based self nano-emulsifying formulation of omega-3-fatty acids with improved strength, stability, and therapeutics. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:298-313. [PMID: 33863269 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1914760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop, characterise, and optimise SNEDDS formulation to enhance organoleptics, bioavailability, physical & oxidative-stability, and extend shelf-life of pure Ω-3-fatty acids oil for use in the food fortification industry as nutraceuticals. METHODS SNEDDS formulations were prepared using a simple stirring technique and optimised based on in-vitro characterisation. RESULTS The optimised SNEDDS formulation (F3) had a mean diameter of 52.9 ± 0.4 nm, PDI of 0.229 ± 0.02, zeta potential of -17.3 ± 0.1 mV, cloud temperature of 92 ± 0.2 °C, self-emulsification time of 50 ± 0.2 sec, and stable under accelerated stability conditions. Intestinal permeability study on rat ileum depicted absorption of 88.5 ± 0.2% DHA at 5 h for F3 formulation in comparison to 61.5 ± 0.2% for commercial counterpart. F3 formulation exhibited better therapeutics for melamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The developed Ω-3-loaded SNEDDS heralds the future for an efficacious, safer, and higher strength formulation intended as a better substitute for currently available formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Tharmatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Manjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Navid Reza Shahtaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Divay Malhotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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A state-of-the-art review on the synthetic mechanisms, production technologies, and practical application of polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Wang W, Wang L, Wang L, Tan M, Ogutu CO, Yin Z, Zhou J, Wang J, Wang L, Yan X. Transcriptome analysis and molecular mechanism of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) drought tolerance under repeated drought using single-molecule long-read sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:109. [PMID: 33563217 PMCID: PMC7871411 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oil flax (linseed, Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the most important oil crops., However, the increases in drought resulting from climate change have dramatically reduces linseed yield and quality, but very little is known about how linseed coordinates the expression of drought resistance gene in response to different level of drought stress (DS) on the genome-wide level. Results To explore the linseed transcriptional response of DS and repeated drought (RD) stress, we determined the drought tolerance of different linseed varieties. Then we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of drought-resistant variety (Z141) and drought-sensitive variety (NY-17) under DS and RD stress at the seedling stage using single-molecule real-time sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and reduce and visualize GO (REVIGO) enrichment analysis showed that upregulated genes of Z141 were enriched in more functional pathways related to plant drought tolerance than those of NY-17 were under DS. In addition, 4436 linseed transcription factors were identified, and 1190 were responsive to stress treatments. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that the proline biosynthesis pathway interacts with stress response genes through RAD50 (DNA repair protein 50) interacting protein 1 (RIN-1). Finally, proline biosynthesis and DNA repair structural gene expression patterns were verified by RT- PCR. Conclusions The drought tolerance of Z141 may be related to its upregulation of drought tolerance genes under DS. Proline may play an important role in linseed drought tolerance by maintaining cell osmotic and protecting DNA from ROS damage. In summary, this study provides a new perspective to understand the drought adaptability of linseed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07416-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Meilian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Collins O Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specicalty Agriculature, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Science Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ziyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Wuhan Igenebook Biotechnology Co.,Ltd, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Jiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xingchu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Fatty Acid Profile and Enterolactone Content of Early and Commercial Milk of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Flaked Flaxseed during the Dry Period. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122394. [PMID: 33333731 PMCID: PMC7765167 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various supplementations in animal feeding have been investigate in order to enrich food of animal origin with n-3 fatty acids. Although the effects of flaxseeds inclusion in diets for lactating dairy have already been assessed, few studies have focused on this n-3 source supplementation during the transition period. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of flacked flaxseed (200 g/head/day; 2.13% DM) dietary treatment during the dry period on milk yield and quality in the 30 days after calving. In addition, the enterolactone content in plasma (before and after calving) and in milk of cows fed diets supplemented or not with flaxseed was considered. The study demonstrated that the carry-over effect on the milk profile of C18:2, C18:3 n-3, and C20:5 n-3 was significantly higher in flaxseed diet than in the control one at 4th day of lactation. A significant increase of enterolactone on milk from flaxseed fed cows was observed only at 15 sampling day. The quick modification in fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk in the first few days of lactation suggests that the carry over effect from pre-calving flaxseed feeding at this concentration was very short lasting.
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Ultraviolet A irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission with characteristic spectral patterns from biomolecules present in human skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21667. [PMID: 33303911 PMCID: PMC7728812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with photoaging of the skin as well as with skin cancer, and is therefore, critical to monitor. Ultraweak photon emission (UPE) is extremely weak light generated during the oxidative process in the living body and has been used as a non-invasive and label-free marker for the evaluation of oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of UPE generation is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying UPE generation by analyzing the spectra of UPE generated from biomolecules in the skin during ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. The spectra of UVA-induced UPE generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elastin, phospholipids, and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid were measured, and the spectrum of human skin tissue was also obtained. The spectral patterns varied for the different biomolecules and the peaks were distinct from those of the skin tissue. These results suggested that the UPE generated from skin tissue is a collection of light emitted by biomolecules. Moreover, we proposed that UPE is generated through a photosensitization reaction and energy transfer. The identified characteristic spectral patterns of UPE can be useful to elucidate UVA-induced oxidative stress in the skin, with implications for prevention and treatment of photoaging and skin diseases.
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Dominguez TE, Kaur K, Burri L. Enhanced omega-3 index after long- versus short-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:370-377. [PMID: 33022896 PMCID: PMC8025612 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Omega‐3 Index is a test that measures the amount of the long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, which is expressed as a percentage of all fatty acids. However, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) from flaxseed oil, which is a short‐chain n‐3 PUFA, is often promoted in pet feed as a n‐3 source, implicitly assuming it is an effective precursor of EPA and DHA. Objective This study was aimed to compare the effect of supplementation with a plant‐based short‐chain n‐3 PUFA source (flaxseed oil, FSO) with a marine long‐chain n‐3 PUFA source (astaxanthin krill oil, AKO) to increase the Omega‐3 Index in dogs. Methods Ten adult Alaskan Huskies of both genders were supplemented daily with 1,155 mg of EPA/DHA from AKO, whereas another 10 dogs received 1,068 mg ALA from flaxseed oil for 6 weeks. Fatty acid and Omega‐3 Index measurements of the two groups were taken after 0, 3 and 6 weeks for comparison. Results The EPA and DHA concentrations increased significantly only in the dogs fed with AKO resulting in a significant increase in mean Omega‐3 Index, from 1.68% at baseline to 2.7% after 6 weeks of supplementation (p < .0001). On the contrary, both EPA and DHA concentrations decreased significantly in the dogs fed with FSO, which led to a significant decrease in mean Omega‐3 Index from 1.6% at baseline to 0.96% at study end (p < .0001). Conclusions The results showed that supplementation of AKO from Antarctic krill led to a significant increase in the Omega‐3 Index in comparison to FSO in dogs. This suggests that preformed marine EPA and DHA sources are needed in dog feeds, as the dietary requirements proposed by feed industry organizations are not met with conversion from short‐chain n‐3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Burri
- Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, Lysaker, Norway
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32
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El-Zenary AS, Ying Y, Michael Hulet R, Harvatine KJ, Elkin RG. Effect of lowering the amount of dietary linoleic acid on tissue omega-3 fatty acid contents of broilers fed supplemental flaxseed oil from 18 to 35 days of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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33
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Singh H, Thakur S, Sahajpal NS, Singh H, Singh A, Sohal HS, Jain SK. Recent Advances in the Novel Formulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid for Effective Delivery, Associated Challenges and Its Clinical Importance. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:483-504. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an essential polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid, and a fundamental structural component of the phospholipid membranes, especially of neural and retinal cells. DHA is found to be critical for the normal development and functioning of neurons and synaptogenesis in the brain, and is required during pre- and post-natal stages of life. DHA has also been observed to exhibit neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, geographical dietary variations and poor economic conditions lead to insufficient DHA levels resulting in various health deficits like improper brain development, cognitive disorders, and other clinical complications. Thus, to prevent its deficiency-induced derangements, several authorities recommend DHA as a supplement during pregnancy, infancy, and throughout adulthood. In past decades, the soft gelatin capsule was only feasible resolute of DHA, but due to their limitations and invention of new technologies; it led to the development of new dosage forms with improved physicochemical characteristics of DHA. This article will discuss in detail about the role of DHA in brain development, microalgae oil as an emerging source of DHA, clinical- and pharmacological-activities of DHA, issues related to DHA oil, current formulation of DHA along with their application, limitations, and strategies used for improvement and future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Harminder Singh Sohal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
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Wen B, Zhou JQ, Gao JZ, Chen HR, Shen YQ, Chen ZZ. Sex-dependent changes in the skin mucus metabolome of discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi) during biparental care. J Proteomics 2020; 221:103784. [PMID: 32305595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discus fish Symphysodon spp. employs an unusual parental care where fry feed on parental skin mucus after hatching. Here, we investigated the mucus metabolites of parental and non-parental discus by using non-targeted metabolomics. Statistical analysis of the skin mucus metabolome revealed sex-dependent changes of mucus between parental and non-parental discus, as well as sex-specific differences between parental fish. Differential metabolites reflected that mucus of both parents was rich in prostaglandin A1, but only male contained more oligosaccharides (gentiobiose and D-melezitose) and nucleotides (guanine and cytosine), and only female detected more thymine. Moreover, differential metabolites revealed the metabolic status of parental discus, including the inhibition of biosynthesis of amino acids, e.g., L-phenylalanine (parents), L-aspartic acid (female) and taurine (male) and the activation of metabolism of these amino acids; the increase of metabolism of fatty acids such as α-Linolenic acid (female), arachidonic acid (female) and linoleic acid (male); the perturbation of metabolism of carbohydrate and energy including starch and sucrose metabolism (parents), ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (parents), amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (female), pentose and glucuronate interconversions (male) and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (male). These results might suggest sex-specific metabolic changes in the skin mucus of discus fish during parental care. SIGNIFICANCE: We detected the low-molecular-weight compounds present in the parental mucus of discus fish evolving for offspring and revealed the possible metabolic changes associated with parental care. These results are helpful to gain further insights on the functional and regulatory aspects of skin mucus of discus during parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Hao-Ruo Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yi-Qing Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Kodahl N. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)-from lost crop of the Incas to part of the solution to global challenges? PLANTA 2020; 251:80. [PMID: 32185506 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The underutilized, oleaginous crop Plukenetia volubilis L. has a remarkable lipid composition and a large potential for further domestication, alleviation of malnutrition, and integration into sustainable food production systems. Current global challenges include climate change, increasing population size, lack of food security, malnutrition, and degradation of arable lands. In this context, a reformation of our food production systems is imperative. Underutilized crops, or orphan crops, can provide valuable traits for this purpose, e.g., climate change resilience, nutritional benefits, cultivability on marginal lands, and improvement of income opportunities for smallholders. Plukenetia volubilis L. (Euphorbiaceae)-sacha inchi-is a 'lost crop' of the Incas native to the Amazon basin. Its oleaginous seeds are large, with a high content of ω-3, and -6 fatty acids (ca. 50.5, and 34.1%, of the lipid fraction, respectively), protein, and antioxidants. Culinarily, the seeds are nut-like and the crop has been associated with humans since Incan times. Research has particularly been undertaken in seed biochemistry, and to some extent in phylogeny, genetics, and cultivation ecology, but attention has been unevenly distributed, causing knowledge gaps in areas such as ethnobotany, allergenicity, and sustainable cultivation practices. Recently, seed size evolution and molecular drivers of the fatty acid synthesis and composition have been studied, however, further research into the lipid biosynthesis is desirable. Targeted breeding has not been undertaken but might be especially relevant for yield, sensory qualities, and cultivation with low environmental impact. Similarly, studies of integration into sustainable management systems are of highest importance. Here, present knowledge on P. volubilis is reviewed and a general framework for conducting research on underutilized crops with the aim of integration into sustainable food production systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nete Kodahl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abrar S, Naqvi KR, Javed S, Kiran S, Qaiser I, Gulzar T, Abbas Q. Investigation of the Physiochemical Properties of Beauty Soaps Available in Pakistan. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study is aimed to examine the quality of beauty soap bars available to the consumers in Pakistan. A range of soap bars manufactured by local small-scale manufacturers from Pakistan were analyzed for their physiochemical properties such as pH, foaming, total fatty substances, matter insoluble in alcohol, free fatty acids, total alkali and moisture contents. The quality of the Pakistani local soap brands was compared to that of imported soaps or those made by multi-national conglomerates. The products were examined following the national standards set by Pakistan standards and quality control authority (PSQCA). The results showed that pH and total alkali level in the local beauty soaps was ((9,40–9,75) ± 0,03) and ((0,100–0,120) ± 0,02). The values of other physiochemical properties were: total fat matter ((62–71) % ± 0,50) %), matter insoluble in alcohol ((15–21) % ± 0,32 %), free fatty acid ((0,05–0,275) % ± 0,01 %) and moisture content ((10–16) % ± 0,50 %). The results demonstrate that Pakistani locally made soap products showed a relatively low amount of total fatty matter as defined by PSQCA and are required to improve their quality in terms of total fat matter. The products made by multi-national companies were superior for most of the examined features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Abrar
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Kiran
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Qaiser
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Tahsin Gulzar
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Government College University Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Khalifa SA, Elashal M, Kieliszek M, Ghazala NE, Farag MA, Saeed A, Xiao J, Zou X, Khatib A, Göransson U, El-Seedi HR. Recent insights into chemical and pharmacological studies of bee bread. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wen J, Khan I, Li A, Chen X, Yang P, Song P, Jing Y, Wei J, Che T, Zhang C. Alpha-linolenic acid given as an anti-inflammatory agent in a mouse model of colonic inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3873-3882. [PMID: 31890165 PMCID: PMC6924294 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced mouse colitis, the therapeutic effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on mouse colitis, and the relationship between HFHSD and hyperlipidemia. We also examined the possible underlying mechanisms behind their interactions. Female BABL/c mice were fed with HFHSD for the 9 weeks. At the same time, ALA treatment (150 or 300 mg/kg) was administered on a daily basis. At the end of the 9 weeks, experimental colitis was induced by the intra-colonic administration of TNBS. Body weight, spleen weight, disease activity index (DAI), histological changes, T-cell-related cytokine level, and lipid profiles were measured after treatment. TNBS induced severe clinical manifestations of colitis and histological damage. Low-ALA (150 mg/kg) administration profoundly ameliorated TNBS-induced clinical manifestations, body weight loss, spleen weight loss, and histological damage. On the contrary, the high-ALA (300 mg/kg) administration did not ameliorate colitis and even exacerbated the symptoms. HFHSD consumption assisted TNBS in changing IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A in the liver. As expected, these changes were recovered through low-ALA. In addition, HFHSD had a significant impact on the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG), which related to the increased risk of hyperlipidemia. In summation, HFHSD exacerbated the TNBS-induced colitis via the Th1/Th17 pathway. The Low-ALA (150 mg/kg) exhibited protective effects against the TNBS-induced colitis via the Th1/Th2/Th17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsMinistry of EducationLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Israr Khan
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsMinistry of EducationLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Anping Li
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xinjun Chen
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and ImmunologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Pingrong Yang
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Institute of Drug ControlLanzhouChina
| | - Pingshun Song
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Institute of Drug ControlLanzhouChina
| | - Yaping Jing
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsMinistry of EducationLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Junshu Wei
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsMinistry of EducationLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular DiagnosisLanzhouChina
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsMinistry of EducationLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental PollutionLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Li Q, Song J. Analysis of widely targeted metabolites of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under saline conditions provides new insights into salt tolerance and nutritional value in halophytic species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:388. [PMID: 31492100 PMCID: PMC6729093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suaeda salsa L. (S. salsa) is an annual euhalophyte with high salt tolerance and high value as an oil crop, traditional Chinese medicine and vegetable. However, there are few comprehensive studies on the metabolomics of S. salsa under saline conditions. RESULTS Seedlings of S. salsa were cultured with 0, 200 and 500 mM NaCl for two days. Then, widely targeted metabolites were detected with ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 639 metabolites were annotated. Among these, 253 metabolites were differential metabolites. Salt treatment increased the content of certain metabolites, such as nucleotide and its derivates, organic acids, the content of amino acids, lipids such as α-linolenic acid, and certain antioxidants such as quercetin. These substances may be correlated to osmotic tolerance, increased antioxidant activity, and medical and nutritional value in the species. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively analyzed the metabolic response of S. salsa under salinity from the perspective of omics, and provides an important theoretical basis for understanding salt tolerance and evaluating nutritional value in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmed SK. Egg Yolk Fatty Acids, Blood Parameters and Some Reproductive Measurements of Japanese Quail Supplemented with Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2019.129.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Effects of vegetation type and breed on n-3 and n-6 fatty acid proportions in heart, lung and brain phospholipids of lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Medina S, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Durand T, Ferreres F, Domínguez-Perles R. Structural/Functional Matches and Divergences of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans with Bioactive Human Oxylipins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E165. [PMID: 30453565 PMCID: PMC6262570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) constitutes a crucial topic to discover new bioactive molecules. This approach initiates with the comparison of a target candidate with a molecule or a collection of molecules and their attributed biological functions to shed some light in the details of one or more SARs and subsequently using that information to outline valuable application of the newly identified compounds. Thus, while the empiric knowledge of medicinal chemistry is critical to these tasks, the results retrieved upon dedicated experimental demonstration retrieved resorting to modern high throughput analytical approaches and techniques allow to overwhelm the constraints adduced so far to the successful accomplishment of such tasks. Therefore, the present work reviews critically the evidences reported to date on the occurrence of phytoprostanes and phytofurans in plant foods, and the information available on their bioavailability and biological activity, shedding some light on the expectation waken up due to their structural similarities with prostanoids and isoprostanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Medina
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier-ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Abstract
PUFA modulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and cortisol concentrations and therefore affect physiological stress responses and the regulation of energy balance in the short- and long-term. Especially dietary intake of n-3 PUFA and a lowered n-6:n-3 ratio are highly encouraged due to beneficial and diminishing effects on basal cortisol secretions. However, the time of such effects to occur and how plasma PUFA patterns affect cortisol concentrations in the short-term was rarely investigated. In order to address this, we supplemented forty male and forty female guinea pigs with diets high in the essential PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6) for 20 d. Saliva cortisol concentrations in relation to altering plasma PUFA patterns during this time span were analysed in a repeated measurement design both during basal conditions (individual housing) in 5-d intervals and during stressful social confrontations. We detected very fast plasma PUFA accumulation rates, corresponding to the major dietary PUFA, which resulted in plasma PUFA plateau phases after 10 d. ALA negatively and LA positively affected saliva cortisol concentrations throughout the study. A positive effect of the plasma n-6:n-3 ratio on saliva cortisol concentrations was detected during peak plasma PUFA accumulations and social confrontations, while no effects were detected in relation to plasma PUFA plateau phases. These results suggest that the plasma n-6:n-3 ratio diminishes HPA axis activity during altered physiological conditions only and highlights the importance of altering plasma PUFA patterns for HPA axis functions and the control of energy balance and physiological stress.
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Association of Whole Blood Fatty Acids and Growth in Southern Ghanaian Children 2⁻6 Years of Age. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080954. [PMID: 30042359 PMCID: PMC6115983 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Ghana, stunting rates in children below 5 years of age vary regionally. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are crucial for linear growth. The objective of this study was to determine the association between blood FAs and growth parameters in southern Ghanaian children 2⁻6 years of age. A drop of blood was collected on an antioxidant treated card and analyzed for FA composition. Weight and height were measured and z-scores calculated. Relationships between FAs and growth were analyzed by linear regressions and factor analysis. Of the 209 subjects, 22% were stunted and 10.6% were essential FA deficient (triene/tetraene ratio > 0.02). Essential FA did not differ between stunted and non-stunted children and was not associated with height-for-age z-score or weight-for-age z-score. Similarly, no relationships between other blood fatty acids and growth parameters were observed in this population. However, when blood fatty acid levels in these children were compared to previously reported values from northern Ghana, the analysis showed that blood omega-3 FA levels were significantly higher and omega-6 FA levels lower in the southern Ghanaian children (p < 0.001). Fish and seafood consumption in this southern cohort was high and could account for the lower stunting rates observed in these children compared to other regions.
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Kaliszewicz A, Jarząbek K, Szymańska J, Karaban K, Sierakowski M. Alpha-Linolenic Acid, but Not Palmitic Acid, Negatively Impacts Survival, Asexual Reproductive Rate, and Clonal Offspring Size in Hydra oligactis. Lipids 2018; 53:447-456. [PMID: 29741213 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydra, as sit-and-wait predators with limited food selectivity, could serve as model organisms for the analysis of the effect of a particular dietary component on growth and reproduction. We investigated the effect of food quality and of diets enriched with palmitic (PAM) or α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the life history traits of two hydra species: Hydra oligactis and Hydra vulgaris. We tested the hypothesis that a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can stimulate growth and reproduction in simple metazoans with a sit-and-wait type of predatory strategy. Our results revealed that a diet based on Artemia nauplii, which are not a natural food for freshwater hydra, stimulated growth, asexual reproduction, and survival in hydra. Artemia nauplii were characterized by the highest lipid content of all used food sources. The analysis of the fatty acid content of hydra indicated the domination the n-6 fatty acids over n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], and ALA). Arachidonic acid appeared to be the dominant PUFA in Hydra, irrespective of diet supplementation with palmitic acid or ALA. The dietary supplementation of ALA negatively affected the survival, asexual reproductive rate, and size of clonal offspring of H. oligactis and had no effect on the life history traits of H. vulgaris. Our results also suggest that the hydras are not able to efficiently convert ALA into other essential fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the adverse effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in primitive metazoans such as hydra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kaliszewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jarząbek
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Szymańska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Karaban
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sierakowski
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.,Toxicological Monitoring Station, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
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Stoneham TR, Kuhn DD, Taylor DP, Neilson AP, Smith SA, Gatlin DM, Chu HSS, O’Keefe SF. Production of omega-3 enriched tilapia through the dietary use of algae meal or fish oil: Improved nutrient value of fillet and offal. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194241. [PMID: 29641539 PMCID: PMC5894990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this project was to increase the nutrient value of fillets, by-product muscle, and offal of aquacultured tilapia. A diet that includes seafood with a high omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid content, more specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to have numerous health benefits for consumers. Improved nutrient value of the offal may also attract new market opportunities for the aquaculture industry. Tilapia were cultured on different experimental feeds that contained various levels of n-3 fatty acids from either fish oil (FO) or algae meal (AM) that were used to replace corn oil. The experimental diets included a control (corn oil 6.3%), FO1%, FO3%, FO5%, AM1.75%, AM5.26%, and AM8.77%. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipid. Three hundred and fifty tilapia with an initial mean weight of 158±2 g were cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (seven diets replicated at the tank level, 14 tanks, 25 fish per tank). For all of the production performance data, no differences (P>0.05) were observed between the experimental groups which included survival (overall mean ± standard error, 99.4±0.3%), growth per week (45.4±1.0 g/wk), food conversion ratio (1.32±0.03), fillet yield (44.4±0.2%), hepatosomatic index (1.61±0.02), viscerosomatic index (2.86±0.06), and mesenteric fat index (0.97±0.04). Fillet and rib meat tissues were collected at weeks four and eight, and liver and mesenteric fat tissues were collected at week eight. Fatty acids were extracted, methylated and identified with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All tissues had improved fatty acid profiles (higher n-3, lower n-6, n-6:n-3) with increasing levels of FO and AM in the diet. For example, the best diet for significantly (P<0.05) improving the lipid profile in tilapia fillets at week eight was diet AM8.77%. In the fillet, total n-3 was increased (control versus AM8.77%) from 151.2±19.0 to 438.7±14.2 mg per 4 ounce (113 g) serving and n-6:n-3 ratio was improved from 5.19±0.76 to 1.29±0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Stoneham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David D. Kuhn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel P. Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Delbert M. Gatlin
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hyun Sik S. Chu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sean F. O’Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Zhang QY, Yu R, Xie LH, Rahman MM, Kilaru A, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Fatty Acid and Associated Gene Expression Analyses of Three Tree Peony Species Reveal Key Genes for α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29459881 PMCID: PMC5807371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for healthy edible oil has generated the need to identify promising oil crops. Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is a woody oil crop with α-linolenic acid (ALA) contributing for 45% of the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds. Molecular and genetic differences that contribute to varied FA content and composition among the wild peony species are, however, poorly understood. Analyses of FA content and composition during seed development in three tree peony species (Paeonia rockii, P. potaninii, and P. lutea) showed varied FA content among them with highest in P. rockii, followed by P. potaninii, and P. lutea. Total FA content among these species increased with seed development and reached its maximum in its final stage. Seed FA composition analysis of the three species also revealed that ALA (C18:3) was the most abundant, followed by oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses of 10 key seed oil synthesis genes in the three tree peony species revealed that FAD3, FAD2, β-PDHC, LPAAT, and Oleosin gene expression levels positively correlate with total FA content and rate of accumulation. Specifically, the abundance of FAD3 transcripts in P. rockii compared with P. potaninii, and P. lutea suggests that FAD3 might play an important role in synthesis of ALA via phosphatidylcholine-derived pathway. Overall, comparative analyses of FA content and composition in three different peony species revealed a correlation between efficient lipid accumulation and lipid gene expression during seed development. Further characterization and metabolic engineering of these key genes from peonies will allow for subsequent improvement of tree peony oil quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Li-Hang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
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Jang SH, Jeong HJ, Kwon JE. High contents of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Paragymnodinium shiwhaense and identification of putative omega-3 biosynthetic genes. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Ryman V, Packiriswamy N, Norby B, Schmidt S, Lock A, Sordillo L. Supplementation of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) or α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) changes microbial agonist-induced oxylipid biosynthesis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1870-1887. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Pros and cons of the supplementation with oilseed enriched concentrates on milk fatty acid profile of dairy sheep grazing Mediterranean pastures. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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