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Kawashima H, Yoshizawa K. The physiological and pathological properties of Mead acid, an endogenous multifunctional n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:172. [PMID: 37838679 PMCID: PMC10576882 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mead acid (MA, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) is an n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and a marker of essential fatty acid deficiency, but nonetheless generally draws little attention. MA is distributed in various normal tissues and can be converted to several specific lipid mediators by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Recent pathological and epidemiological studies on MA raise the possibility of its effects on inflammation, cancer, dermatitis and cystic fibrosis, suggesting it is an endogenous multifunctional PUFA. This review summarizes the biosynthesis, presence, metabolism and physiological roles of MA and its relation to various diseases, as well as the significance of MA in PUFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawashima
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Seika, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Innovative Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Sunjic SB, Gasparovic AC, Jaganjac M, Rechberger G, Meinitzer A, Grune T, Kohlwein SD, Mihaljevic B, Zarkovic N. Sensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells to Concentration-Dependent Bioactivities of Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal Depend on Their Level of Differentiation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020269. [PMID: 33572933 PMCID: PMC7912392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation known to exert several biological effects. Normal and malignant cells of the same origin express different sensitivity to HNE. We used human osteosarcoma cells (HOS) in different stages of differentiation in vitro, showing differences in mitosis, DNA synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Differentiated HOS cells showed decreased proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation), decreased viability (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide-MTT), and increased apoptosis and necrosis (nuclear morphology by staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-DAPI). Differentiated HOS also had less expressed c-MYC, but the same amount of c-FOS (immunocytochemistry). When exposed to HNE, differentiated HOS produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison with undifferentiated HOS. To clarify this, we measured HNE metabolism by an HPLC method, total glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (ox GSH), glutathione transferase activity (GST), proteasomal activity by enzymatic methods, HNE-protein adducts by genuine ELISA and fatty acid composition by GC-MS in these cell cultures. Differentiated HOS cells had less GSH, lower HNE metabolism, increased formation of HNE-protein adducts, and lower proteasomal activity, in comparison to undifferentiated counterpart cells, while GST and oxGSH were the same. Fatty acids analyzed by GC-MS showed that there is an increase in C20:3 in differentiated HOS while the amount of C20:4 remained the same. The results showed that the cellular machinery responsible for protection against toxicity of HNE was less efficient in differentiated HOS cells. Moreover, differentiated HOS cells contained more C20:3 fatty acid, which might make them more sensitive to free radical-initiated oxidative chain reactions and more vulnerable to the effects of reactive aldehydes such as HNE. We propose that HNE might act as natural promotor of decay of malignant (osteosarcoma) cells in case of their differentiation associated with alteration of the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Borovic Sunjic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana Cipak Gasparovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Gerald Rechberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Bio TechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- University Clinic of Traumatology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sepp D. Kohlwein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Bio TechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Branka Mihaljevic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
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New Methyl Threonolactones and Pyroglutamates of Spilanthes acmella (L.) L. and Their Bone Formation Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112500. [PMID: 32481486 PMCID: PMC7321231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In our continuing research for bioactive constituents from natural resources, a new methyl threonolactone glucopyranoside (1), a new methyl threonolactone fructofuranoside (2), 2 new pyroglutamates (3 and 4), and 10 known compounds (5–14) were isolated from the whole plant of Spilanthes acmella (L.) L. The structures of these compounds were determined based on various spectroscopic and chemical analyses. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated on bone formation parameters, such as ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and mineralization stimulatory activities of MC3T3-E1 cell lines. The results showed that the new compound, 1,3-butanediol 3-pyroglutamate (4), 2-deoxy-d-ribono-1,4-lactone (6), methyl pyroglutamate (7), ampelopsisionoside (10), icariside B1 (11), and benzyl α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (12) stimulated both ALP and mineralization activities.
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Else PL. The highly unnatural fatty acid profile of cells in culture. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 77:101017. [PMID: 31809755 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid profile of cells in culture are unlike those of natural cells with twice the monounsaturated (MUFA) and half the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) level (Mol%). This is not due to cell lines primarily being derived from cancers but is due to limited access to lipid and an inability to make PUFA de novo as vertebrate cells. Classic culture methods use media with 10% serum (the only exogenous source of lipid). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), the serum of choice has a low level of lipid and cholesterol compared to other sera and at 10% of media provides 2-3% of the fatty acid and cholesterol, 1% of the PUFA and 0.3% of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (18:2n-6) available to cells in the body. Since vertebrate cell lines cannot make PUFA they synthesise MUFA, offsetting their PUFA deficit and reducing their fatty acid diversity. Stem and primary cells in culture appear to be similarly affected, with a rapid loss of their natural fatty acid compositions. The unnatural lipid composition of cells in culture has substantial implications for examining natural stems cell in culture, and for investigations of cellular mechanisms using cell lines based on the pervasive influence of fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Else
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Comprehensive analysis of the metabolomic characteristics on the health lesions induced by chronic arsenic exposure: A metabolomics study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:434-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Serum n-6 and n-9 Fatty Acids Correlate With Serum IGF-1 and Growth Up to 4 Months of Age in Healthy Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:141-146. [PMID: 28753183 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), serum phospholipid fatty acids, and growth in healthy full-term newborns during infancy. METHODS Prospective observational study of a population-based Swedish cohort comprising 126 healthy, term infants investigating cord blood and serum at 2 days and 4 months of age for IGF-1 and phospholipid fatty acid profile and breast milk for fatty acids at 2 days and 4 months, compared with anthropometric measurements (standard deviation scores). RESULTS At all time-points arachidonic acid (AA) was negatively associated with IGF-1. IGF-1 had positive associations with linoleic acid (LA) at 2 days and 4 months and mead acid (MA) showed positive associations in cord blood. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for maternal factors (body mass index, weight gain, smoking, education), sex, birth weight and feeding modality confirmed a negative association for the ratio AA/LA to IGF-1. MA in cord blood correlated to birth size. Changes in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and AA/docosahexaenoic acid from day 2 to 4 months together with infants' weight and feeding modality determined 55% of the variability of delta-IGF-1. Breast-fed infants at 4 months had lower IGF-1 correlating with lower LA and higher AA concentrations, which in girls correlated with lower weight gain from birth to 4 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed interaction of n-6 fatty acids with IGF-1 during the first 4 months of life, and an association between MA and birth size when adjusted for confounding factors. Further follow-up may indicate whether these correlations are associated with later body composition.
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Park HG, Engel MG, Vogt-Lowell K, Lawrence P, Kothapalli KS, Brenna JT. The role of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes in oleic acid metabolism: FADS1 Δ7 desaturates 11-20:1 to 7,11-20:2. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:21-25. [PMID: 29413358 PMCID: PMC5806126 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In mammals, FADS2 catalyzes "front-end" Δ4-, Δ6-, and Δ8-desaturation of fatty acyl chains, whereas FADS1 has Δ5-desaturase activity. Eighteen and 20-carbon precursors to highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are the usual substrates for FADS1 and FADS2. Our main objective was to characterize the metabolic fate of oleic acid (OA) due to action of FADS gene products. METHODS MCF-7 cells were stably transformed with either FADS1 or FADS2 or empty vector. A series of dose-response experiments were conducted with albumin-bound fatty acid substrates (18:1n-9 and 20:1n-9) provided in concentrations up to 100µM. Cells were harvested after 24h, after which FAME were prepared and analyzed by GC-FID and covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (CACI-MS/MS). RESULTS When stably transformed cells were incubated with 18:1n-9, FADS1 and control cells elongated 18:1n-9 → 20:1n-9 (11-20:1), while FADS2 cells Δ6 desaturated, elongated, and then Δ5 desaturated via FADS1 coded activity leading to Mead acid, 9-18:1 → 6,9-18:2 → 8,11-20:2 (20:2n-9) → 6,8,11-20:3 (20:3n-9). Surprisingly, FADS1 cells Δ7 desaturated 11-20:1 → 7,11-20:2, the latter detected at low levels in control and FADS2 cells. Our results imply three pathways operate on 18:1n-9: 1) 18:1n-9 → 18:2n-9 → 20:2n-9 → 20:3n-9; 2) 18:1n-9 → 20:1n-9 → 20:2n-9 → 20:3n-9 and 3) 18:1n-9 → 20:1n-9 → 7,11-20:2. CONCLUSION Alternative pathways for oleic acid metabolism exist depending on FADS2 or FADS1 activities, we present the first evidence of Δ7 desaturation via the FADS1 gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - Matthew G Engel
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Kyle Vogt-Lowell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Kumar S Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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Hamazaki K, Suzuki N, Kitamura KI, Hattori A, Nagasawa T, Itomura M, Hamazaki T. Is vaccenic acid (18:1t n-7) associated with an increased incidence of hip fracture? An explanation for the calcium paradox. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 109:8-12. [PMID: 27269708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High calcium intake may increase hip fracture (HF) incidence. This phenomenon, known as the calcium paradox, might be explained by vaccenic acid (18:1t n-7, VA), the highly specific trans fatty acid (TFA) present in dairy products. First, we ecologically investigated the relationship between 18:1 TFA intake and HF incidence using data from 12 to 13 European countries collected before 2000; then we measured the effects of VA and elaidic acid (18:1t n-9, EA) on osteoblasts from goldfish scales (tissues very similar to mammalian bone), with alkaline phosphatase as a marker; and finally we measured the effect of VA on mRNA expression in the scales for the major bone proteins type I collagen and osteocalcin. HF incidence was significantly correlated with 18:1 TFA intake in men (r=0.57) and women (r=0.65). Incubation with 1μmol/L VA and EA for 48h significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity by 25% and 21%, respectively. Incubation of scales with 10μmol/L VA for 48h significantly decreased mRNA expression for type I collagen and osteocalcin (by about 50%). In conclusion, VA may be causatively related to HF and could explain the calcium paradox. It may be prudent to reduce 18:1 TFA intake, irrespective of trans positions, to prevent HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Kitamura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nagasawa
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan(2)
| | - Miho Itomura
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan(2); Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama city, Toyama 933-8271, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan(2); Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama city, Toyama 933-8271, Japan
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Hamazaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Nakano M, Yasuda T, Seki S, Hori T, Hamazaki T, Kimura T. Mead acid (20:3n-9) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are not associated with risk of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: results of a case-control study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:31-6. [PMID: 25669698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involves the replacement of ligamentous tissue with ectopic bone. Although genetics and heritability appear to be involved in the development of OPLL, its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Given previous findings that 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid [20:3n-9, Mead acid (MA)] has depressive effects on osteoblastic activity and anti-angiogenic effects, and that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a preventive effect on heterotopic ossification, we hypothesized that both fatty acids would be involved in OPLL development. To examine the biological significance of these and other fatty acids in OPLL, we conducted this case-control study involving 106 patients with cervical OPLL and 109 age matched controls. Fatty acid composition was determined from plasma samples by gas chromatography. Associations between fatty acid levels and incident OPLL were evaluated by logistic regression. Contrary to our expectations, we found no significant differences between patients and controls in the levels of MA or n-3 PUFAs (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Logistic regression analysis did not reveal any associations with OPLL risk for MA or n-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, no potential role was found for MA or n-3 PUFAs in ectopic bone formation in the spinal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shoji Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Tomoatsu Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Hamazaki K, Kinoshita Y, Yuki M, Yuri T, Kawashima H, Tsubura A. Mead acid supplementation does not rescue rats from cataract and retinal degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 28:11-20. [PMID: 26023256 PMCID: PMC4337494 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives play a role in the response to ocular disease. Our current study investigated the effects of dietary mead acid (MA, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) supplementation on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced cataract and retinal degeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experiment 1 was designed to inhibit cataract formation, with the dams fed a 2.4% MA or basal (<0.01% MA) diet during lactational periods. On postnatal day 7, male pups received a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 50 mg/kg MNU or vehicle. Lens opacity and morphology were examined 7 and 14 days after the MNU injection. Experiment 2 was designed to inhibit retinal degeneration and was performed with female postweaning rats. In this experiment, dams were fed the 2.4% MA or basal diet during the lactational periods. Thereafter, the female pups were continuously fed the same diets during their postweaning periods. On postnatal day 21 (at weaning), pups received a single ip injection of 50 mg/kg MNU. Retinal morphology was examined 7 days after the MNU injection. In experiment 3, six-week-old female rats were fed the 2.4% MA or basal diet starting at one week before the MNU injection and were then continuously fed the same diets until sacrifice. Rats at 7 weeks of age were given a single ip injection of 40 mg/kg MNU, and the retina was then examined morphologically one week after the MNU injection. In experiment 1, mature cataract was found in all of the MNU-treated groups, with or without MA supplementation. In experiments 2 and 3, atrophy of both the peripheral and central outer retina occurred in all rats exposed to MNU, with or without MA supplementation, respectively. The severities of the cataracts and retinal atrophy in the rats were similar regardless of MA supplementation. Dietary mead acid, which is used as a substitute in essential fatty acid deficiency in the body, does not modify MNU-induced cataract and retinal degeneration in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan. ; Division of Pathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, 10-15 Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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KINOSHITA YUICHI, YOSHIZAWA KATSUHIKO, HAMAZAKI KEI, EMOTO YUKO, YURI TAKASHI, YUKI MICHIKO, SHIKATA NOBUAKI, KAWASHIMA HIROSHI, TSUBURA AIRO. Mead acid inhibits the growth of KPL-1 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1385-94. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hsu LC, Wen ZH, Chen HM, Lin HT, Chiu CM, Wu HC. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 5,8,11-<i>cis</i>-Eicosatrienoic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.49a1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hamazaki T, Nagasawa T, Hamazaki K, Itomura M. Inhibitory effect of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid on angiogenesis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:221-4. [PMID: 22521862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cartilage contains high levels of n-9 eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-9) but no blood vessels. 20:3n-9 might inhibit angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Angiogenesis was measured in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and diploid fibroblasts. Co-culture was performed with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A, 10 ng/mL) and fatty acids (0.1-10 μmol/L). After 10 days of incubation and immunostaining for endothelial cells, vessel areas were calculated with image analyser software. RESULTS Addition of 20:3n-9 and n-3 eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3) dose dependently inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenesis (more than the positive control suramin). Arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) and oleic acids did not affect VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenesis even at 10 μmol/L. Arachidonic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids enhanced angiogenesis without VEGF-A. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the presence of 20:3n-9 in cartilage may be related to its vessel-free status and that 20:3n-9 may be useful for the treatment of disorders with excessive vasculature. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was partly supported by Polyene Project, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hamazaki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, Japan.
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Sabel KG, Strandvik B, Petzold M, Lundqvist-Persson C. Motor, mental and behavioral developments in infancy are associated with fatty acid pattern in breast milk and plasma of premature infants. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:183-8. [PMID: 22440244 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate any association between infants' early development and PUFA concentrations in early breast milk and infants' plasma phospholipids at 44 weeks gestational age. Fifty-one premature infants were included. The quality of general movement was assessed at 3 months, and motor, mental and behavioral development at 3, 6, 10 and 18 months corrected age using Bayley's Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II). Linoleic acid, the major n-6/n-3 FA ratios, Mead acid and the EFA deficiency index in early breast milk were negatively associated with development up to 18 months of age. DHA and AA, respectively, in infants' plasma phospholipids was positively, but the AA/DHA ratio negatively, associated with development from 6 to 18 months of age. Our data suggest that the commonly found high n-6 concentration in breast milk is associated with less favorable motor, mental and behavioral development up to 18 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-G Sabel
- Borås Children's Hospital, Borås KGS, Sweden
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