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Ravnskov U, Alabdulgader A, de Lorgeril M, Diamond DM, Hama R, Hamazaki T, Hammarskjöld B, Harcombe Z, Kendrick M, Langsjoen P, McCully KS, Okuyama H, Sultan S, Sundberg R. The new European guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease are misleading. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 13:1289-1294. [PMID: 33416003 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1841635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) have recently published three major revisions of their guidelines for the management of chronic heart disease, blood lipids, and diabetes. Areas covered: We have scrutinized these guidelines in detail and found that the authors have ignored many studies that are in conflict with their conclusions and recommendations. Expert commentary: The authors of the guidelines have ignored that LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients with acute myocardial infarction is lower than normal; that high cholesterol is not a risk factor for diabetics; that the degree of coronary artery calcification is not associated with LDL-C; and that 27 follow-up studies have shown that people with high total cholesterol or LDL-C live just as long or longer than people with low cholesterol. They have also ignored the lack of exposure-response in the statin trials; that several of these trials have been unable to lower CVD or total mortality; that no statin trial has succeeded with lowering mortality in women, elderly people, or diabetics; and that cholesterol-lowering with statins has been associated with many serious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel de Lorgeril
- Laboratoire Coeur et Nutrition, TIMC-CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Faculté de Médecine , La Tronche, France
| | - David M Diamond
- Departments of Psychology, Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, PCD 4118G, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rokuro Hama
- Japan Institute of Pharmacovigilance, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, University of Toyama , Toyama City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kilmer S McCully
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harumi Okuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya City University, 1-89 Kaminokura , Midoriku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sherif Sultan
- Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland
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Nishi D, Su KP, Usuda K, Pei-Chen Chang J, Chiang YJ, Chen HT, Chien YC, Guu TW, Okazaki E, Hamazaki K, Susukida R, Nakaya N, Sone T, Sano Y, Ito H, Isaka K, Tachibana Y, Tanigaki S, Suzuki T, Hashimoto K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. The Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Women in Japan and Taiwan: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (SYNCHRO; NCT01948596). Psychother Psychosom 2019; 88:122-124. [PMID: 30540990 DOI: 10.1159/000495296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, .,Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, .,Department of Mental Health Policy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Health Policy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ju Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chien
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Guu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Emi Okazaki
- Department of Mental Health Policy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Department of Mental Health Policy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yo Sano
- Toda Chuo Women's Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanigaki
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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Ravnskov U, De Lorgeril M, Diamond DM, Hama R, Hamazaki T, Hammarskjöld B, Hynes N, Kendrick M, Langsjoen PH, Mascitelli L, McCully KS, Okuyama H, Rosch PJ, Schersten T, Sultan S, Sundberg R. Response letter to ‘does high LDL-cholesterol cause cardiovascular disease?’. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:93-94. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1561102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel De Lorgeril
- Laboratoire Coeur et Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG, School of Medicine, University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David M. Diamond
- Department of Psychology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rokuro Hama
- NPO Japan Institute of Pharmacovigilance, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Niamh Hynes
- Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic, National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Kendrick
- East Cheshire Trust, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Macclesfield, England
| | | | - Luca Mascitelli
- Medical Officer Service, Comando Brigata Alpina “Julia”/Multinational Land Force, Udine, Italy
| | - Kilmer S. McCully
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul J. Rosch
- New York Medical College, The American Institute of Stress, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tore Schersten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascluar and Metabolic Research, Sahlgren’s Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Sherif Sultan
- Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic, National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Ravnskov U, de Lorgeril M, Diamond DM, Hama R, Hamazaki T, Hammarskjöld B, Hynes N, Kendrick M, Langsjoen PH, Mascitelli L, McCully KS, Okuyama H, Rosch PJ, Schersten T, Sultan S, Sundberg R. LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:959-970. [PMID: 30198808 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1519391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For half a century, a high level of total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered to be the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and statin treatment has been widely promoted for cardiovascular prevention. However, there is an increasing understanding that the mechanisms are more complicated and that statin treatment, in particular when used as primary prevention, is of doubtful benefit. Areas covered: The authors of three large reviews recently published by statin advocates have attempted to validate the current dogma. This article delineates the serious errors in these three reviews as well as other obvious falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis. Expert commentary: Our search for falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis confirms that it is unable to satisfy any of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality and that the conclusions of the authors of the three reviews are based on misleading statistics, exclusion of unsuccessful trials and by ignoring numerous contradictory observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel de Lorgeril
- b Laboratoire Coeur et Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG, School of Medicine , University of Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - David M Diamond
- c Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.,d Department of Psychology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Rokuro Hama
- e Japan Institute of Pharmacovigilance , Osaka , Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- f Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | | | - Niamh Hynes
- h Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic , National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital , Galway , Ireland
| | - Malcolm Kendrick
- i East Cheshire Trust, Macclesfield District General Hospital , Macclesfield , UK
| | | | - Luca Mascitelli
- k Medical Service , Comando Brigata Alpina "Julia"/Multinational Land Force , Udine , Italy
| | - Kilmer S McCully
- l Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Harumi Okuyama
- m Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science , Nagoya City University , Mizuhoku, Nagoya , Japan
| | - Paul J Rosch
- n New York Medical College , The American Institute of Stress , New York , NY , USA
| | - Tore Schersten
- o Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascluar and Metabolic Research, Sahlgren's Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,p Department of Metabolism , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Sherif Sultan
- h Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic , National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital , Galway , Ireland
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Okuyama H, Hamazaki T, Hama R, Ogushi Y, Kobayashi T, Ohara N, Uchino H. A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017. Pharmacology 2018; 101:184-218. [PMID: 29353277 DOI: 10.1159/000486374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel 2017 concludes on the basis of 3 different types of clinical studies that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In Mendelian randomization studies, rare genetic mutations affecting LDL receptor function were found to cause higher or lower LDL-C levels, which are associated with correspondingly altered ASCVD risk. In prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins, a remarkably consistent log-linear association was demonstrated between the absolute magnitude of LDL-C exposure and ASCVD risk. The EAS Statement proposes that any mechanism of lowering plasma LDL concentration should reduce the risk of ASCVD events proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C and the cumulative duration of exposure to lower LDL-C. However, as we explain, we do not find this conclusion acceptable. SUMMARY Our review points out that different interpretations are possible for the results of Mendelian randomization studies. As for prospective cohort studies, many inconsistent reports on the association of LDL-C and ASCVD were disregarded when drafting the Statement, reports with and without genetic factors related to LDL receptor function should be analyzed separately, and the term ASCVD in the Statement is used inappropriately because myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction differ in their association with LDL-C. As for RCTs, clinical reports on statins published before and after the implementation of new regulations affecting clinical trials (2004/2005) should not both be included in meta-analyses because the evaluated efficacy of statins changed markedly, and the irreversible adverse effects of statins need to be evaluated more rigorously now that their mechanisms have been elucidated. Key Messages: Apart from the EAS hypothesis that LDL causes ASCVD, recent pharmacological/biochemical studies, as summarized in this review and elsewhere, have revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by statins taken to lower LDL-C, as well as by warfarin and some types of vegetable fats and oils, in the absence of significantly elevated LDL-C levels. Thus, the promotion of statin treatment by the Statement is rather risky and we do not feel that the conclusions are justified for the prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Nagoya City University, and Institute for Consumer Science and Human Life, Kinjo, Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Rokuro Hama
- Non-Profit Organization Japan Institute of Pharmacovigillance, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ogushi
- Ogushi Institute of Medical Informatics, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohara
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Matsumura K, Noguchi H, Nishi D, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on psychophysiological symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in accident survivors: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2017; 224:27-31. [PMID: 27287561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychophysiological symptoms (e.g., pounding heart) are known to be a prominent feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a beneficial potential pharmacological effect of preventing these psychophysiological symptoms, no clinical data is yet available. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Japanese accident survivors. METHODS A total of 83 participants received either omega-3 PUFAs (1470mg docosahexaenoic acid and 147mg eicosapentaenoic acid per day) or placebo within 10 days of the accidental injury. After 12-week supplementation, participants performed script-driven imagery of their traumatic event during monitoring of their heart rate and skin conductance. RESULTS Analysis revealed that heart rate during both rest and script-driven imagery was significantly lower in the omega-3 group than the placebo group, whereas baseline heart rate was comparable between the two groups. LIMITATIONS The present trial was conducted at a single-center in Japan and psychophysiological symptoms of PTSD in most participants were not serious. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that post-trauma supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs might be effective for the secondary prevention of psychophysiological symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsumura
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroko Noguchi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; School of Distance Learning, Department of Human Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan; Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; (f)Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; (g)Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, 1-13-6 Taromaru-nishi-machi, Toyama, Toyama 939-8271, Japan
| | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan; (h)Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Hamazaki K, Iso H, Eshak ES, Ikehara S, Ikeda A, Iwasaki M, Hamazaki T, Tsugane S. Plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: The Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) study. Atherosclerosis 2017; 272:226-232. [PMID: 29277442 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Higher intake of fish or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether increased blood levels of n-3 PUFAs are associated with reduced risk of CHD in the Japanese population. METHODS The relationship between circulating levels of n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid + docosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid) and risk of CHD was examined in a nested case-control study among participants in the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC)-based Study Cohort. Plasma n-3 PUFA phospholipid levels were measured at baseline by gas chromatography in 209 cases with CHD and 418 controls matched for sex, age, date of blood draw, time elapsed since last meal before blood collection, and study location. The CHD cases (n = 209) comprised 168 cases of myocardial infarction and 41 of sudden cardiac death, otherwise classified as 157 non-fatal and 52 fatal coronary events, respectively. Mean duration of follow-up was 13.5 years. RESULTS Multivariate conditional logistic analysis showed no significant association between n-3 PUFAs and risk of total CHD. The odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of plasma n-3 PUFAs was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.41-1.51, p for trend = 0.51). Subtype analysis of CHD revealed that the multivariate ORs for the highest versus lowest quartiles for n-3 PUFAs were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.43-1.89, p for trend = 0.90) for myocardial infarction, 0.08 (95% CI: 0.01-0.88, p for trend = 0.04) for sudden cardiac death, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.42-1.89, p for trend = 0.97) for nonfatal coronary events, and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.75, p for trend = 0.03) for fatal coronary events. CONCLUSIONS Plasma n-3 PUFA levels were not associated with risk of total CHD but were inversely associated with risks of sudden cardiac death and fatal coronary events among middle-aged Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Satoyo Ikehara
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Noguchi H, Nishi D, Matsumura K, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. Limited effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the quality of life in survivors of traumatic injury: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 127:1-5. [PMID: 29156152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence is divided on whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels are associated with quality of life (QOL). This study investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on QOL in survivors of traumatic injury. In this secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we recruited 110 trauma patients (82% men; mean age, 39.6 years) in an intensive care unit. Fifty-three received DHA-rich supplements and 57 received placebo for 12 weeks. We used the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to assess QOL at the end of intervention. DHA did not significantly affect any QOL domain on the SF-36 after 12 weeks. In the DHA group, changes in the erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA and EPA were positively correlated with the SF-36 mental component. DHA did not influence QOL of trauma patients, but increased EPA levels during the trial were associated with better QOL in patients receiving omega-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Noguchi
- School of Distance Learning, Department of Human Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, 1-13-6 Taromaru-nishimachi, Toyama, Toyama 939-8271, Japan
| | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan.
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Nishi D, Su KP, Usuda K, Chang JPC, Chiang YJJ, Guu TW, Hamazaki K, Nakaya N, Sone T, Hashimoto K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. Differences between Japan and Taiwan in the treatment of pregnant women with depressive symptoms by omega-3 fatty acids: An open-label pilot study. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:63-71. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1354540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital & College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital & College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Jill Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital & College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Guu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital & College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yutaka J. Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Hamazaki T, Hirai A, Terano T, Tamura Y, Kanakubo Y, Yoshida S, Fujita T, Kumagai A. Epidemiological and clinical studies of the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 ω-3) on blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1985-5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kobayashi
- Pharmaceutical Dept., Chiba Univ. Hospital, Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba 280, Japan
| | - T. Hamazaki
- 1st Dept. of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical Univ., Toyama City, Toyama
| | - A. Hirai
- 2nd Dept. of Internal Medicine, Chiba Univ., Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba
| | - T. Terano
- 2nd Dept. of Internal Medicine, Chiba Univ., Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba
| | - Y. Tamura
- 2nd Dept. of Internal Medicine, Chiba Univ., Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba
| | - Y. Kanakubo
- Pharmaceutical Dept., Chiba Univ. Hospital, Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba 280, Japan
| | - S. Yoshida
- 2nd Dept. of Internal Medicine, Chiba Univ., Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba
| | - T. Fujita
- Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Hachioji City, Tokyo
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11
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Kobayashi S, Hamazaki T, Onishi K, Nomura F. Blood viscosity in fatty liver patients with obesity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1986-6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kobayashi
- Pharmaceutical Dept., Chiba university Hospital, Inohana, Chiba City 280, Japan
| | - T. Hamazaki
- 1st Dept. of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama City 930-01, Japan
| | - K. Onishi
- 1st Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba university, Inohana, Chiba City 280, Japan
| | - F. Nomura
- 1st Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba university, Inohana, Chiba City 280, Japan
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12
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Matsuoka YJ, Hamazaki K, Nishi D, Hamazaki T. Change in blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and posttraumatic stress symptom: A secondary analysis of data from a placebo-controlled trial of omega3 supplements. J Affect Disord 2016; 205:289-291. [PMID: 27552592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is suggested to be protective against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from two observational studies. We previously conducted a randomized controlled trial and found no effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for prevention of PTSD. This secondary analysis aimed to determine whether change in blood levels of EPA is associated with PTSD symptoms. METHODS The percentages of EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured in erythrocyte membranes at baseline and posttreatment in 110 participants with severe physical injury who were randomly assigned to receive either a daily dose of 1,470mg DHA and 147mg EPA or of placebo for 12 weeks. Associations between change in erythrocyte fatty acid levels during the trial controlling for each baseline level and PTSD severity at 12 weeks were analyzed by treatment arm. RESULTS In the omega3 supplements arm, changes in EPA+DHA (p=.023) and EPA (p=.001) as well as the EPA:AA ratio (p=.000) and EPA: DHA ratio (p=.013) were inversely correlated with PTSD severity. Change in AA was positively correlated with PTSD severity (p=.001). LIMITATION This trial was conducted at a single-center in Japan and PTSD symptoms in most participants were not serious. CONCLUSIONS Increased erythrocyte level of EPA during the trial was associated with low severity of PTSD symptoms in patients receiving omega3 supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan.
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan; Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, 1-13-6 Taromarunishimachi, Toyama, Toyama 939-8271, Japan
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13
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Nishi D, Su KP, Usuda K, Chiang YJJ, Guu TW, Hamazaki K, Nakaya N, Sone T, Sano Y, Tachibana Y, Ito H, Isaka K, Hashimoto K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. The synchronized trial on expectant mothers with depressive symptoms by omega-3 PUFAs (SYNCHRO): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:321. [PMID: 27630014 PMCID: PMC5024529 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression can be harmful to both mothers and their children. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation has been investigated as an alternative intervention for pregnant women with depressive symptoms because of the supporting evidence from clinical trials in major depression, the safety advantage, and its anti-inflammatory and neuroplasticity effects. This study examines the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for pregnant women with depressive symptoms in Taiwan and Japan, to provide evidence available for Asia. The rationale and protocol of this trial are reported here. METHODS The Synchronized Trial on Expectant Mothers with Depressive Symptoms by Omega-3 PUFAs (SYNCHRO) is a multicenter, double-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomized to either the omega-3 PUFAs arm (1,200 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 600 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) or placebo arm. Primary outcome is total score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) at 12 weeks after the start of the intervention. We will randomize 56 participants to have 90 % power to detect a 4.7-point difference in mean HAMD scores with omega-3 PUFAs compared with placebo. Because seafood consumption varies across countries and this may have a major effect on the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation, 56 participants will be recruited at each site in Taiwan and Japan, for a total number of 112 participants. Secondary outcomes include depressive symptoms at 1 month after childbirth, diagnosis of major depressive disorder, changes in omega-3 PUFAs concentrations and levels of biomarkers at baseline and at 12 weeks' follow-up, and standard obstetric outcomes. Data analyses will be by intention to treat. The trial was started in June 2014 and is scheduled to end in February 2018. DISCUSSION The trial is expected to provide evidence that can contribute to promoting mental health among mothers and children in Asian populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02166424 . Registered 15 June 2014; University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center: UMIN000017979. Registered 20 May 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. .,National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan. .,Department of Public Mental Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashicyo, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 Japan ,National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553 Japan
| | - Yi-Ju Jill Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Guu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573 Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, 6-149-1 Kunimigaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 989-3201 Japan
| | - Yo Sano
- Toda Chuo Women’s Hospital, 2-26-3 Kamitoda, Toda, Saitama 335-0022 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ookura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535 Japan
| | - Hiroe Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 Japan
| | - Keiich Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, 1-13-6, Taromarunishimachi, Toyama, Toyama 939-8271 Japan
| | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 Japan ,Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center (YJM), 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
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14
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Ravnskov U, Diamond DM, Hama R, Hamazaki T, Hammarskjöld B, Hynes N, Kendrick M, Langsjoen PH, Malhotra A, Mascitelli L, McCully KS, Ogushi Y, Okuyama H, Rosch PJ, Schersten T, Sultan S, Sundberg R. Lack of an association or an inverse association between low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010401. [PMID: 27292972 PMCID: PMC4908872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well known that total cholesterol becomes less of a risk factor or not at all for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with increasing age, but as little is known as to whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), one component of total cholesterol, is associated with mortality in the elderly, we decided to investigate this issue. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES We sought PubMed for cohort studies, where LDL-C had been investigated as a risk factor for all-cause and/or CV mortality in individuals ≥60 years from the general population. RESULTS We identified 19 cohort studies including 30 cohorts with a total of 68 094 elderly people, where all-cause mortality was recorded in 28 cohorts and CV mortality in 9 cohorts. Inverse association between all-cause mortality and LDL-C was seen in 16 cohorts (in 14 with statistical significance) representing 92% of the number of participants, where this association was recorded. In the rest, no association was found. In two cohorts, CV mortality was highest in the lowest LDL-C quartile and with statistical significance; in seven cohorts, no association was found. CONCLUSIONS High LDL-C is inversely associated with mortality in most people over 60 years. This finding is inconsistent with the cholesterol hypothesis (ie, that cholesterol, particularly LDL-C, is inherently atherogenic). Since elderly people with high LDL-C live as long or longer than those with low LDL-C, our analysis provides reason to question the validity of the cholesterol hypothesis. Moreover, our study provides the rationale for a re-evaluation of guidelines recommending pharmacological reduction of LDL-C in the elderly as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Diamond
- Department of Psychology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rokura Hama
- NPO Japan Institute of Pharmacovigilance, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Japan
| | | | - Niamh Hynes
- Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic, National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Kendrick
- East Cheshire Trust, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England
| | | | - Aseem Malhotra
- Department of cardiology, Frimley Park Hospital, Portsmouth road, Surrey GU16 7UJ, UK
| | - Luca Mascitelli
- Medical Service, Comando Brigata Alpina “Julia”/Multinational Land Force, Udine, Italy
| | - Kilmer S McCully
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoichi Ogushi
- Tokai University, Daikancho, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan 254-0807
| | - Harumi Okuyama
- Nagoya City University and Institute for Consumer Science and Human Life, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Paul J Rosch
- New York Medical College; The American Institute of Stress
| | - Tore Schersten
- Sahlgren's Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Colombia University, NY, USA
| | - Sherif Sultan
- Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic, National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Okuyama H, Langsjoen PH, Ohara N, Hashimoto Y, Hamazaki T, Yoshida S, Kobayashi T, Langsjoen AM. Medicines and Vegetable Oils as Hidden Causes of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Pharmacology 2016; 98:134-70. [PMID: 27251151 DOI: 10.1159/000446704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive associations have been observed between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but their causal relationship has not been clarified. Nevertheless, guidelines from relevant medical societies recommend using cholesterol lowering medication (statin) for both types of patients. Medicines with several different action mechanisms have been developed, and the effectiveness of different lifestyle modifications has been studied extensively for the prevention of DM, which was successful in improving clinical marker status in relatively short-term treatments, but none have been shown to be effective in improving long-term outcomes (mortality from CVD and all causes). SUMMARY Statin-induced suppression of prenyl intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway has been linked to stimulated atherosclerosis and heart failure. On the other hand, certain types of vegetable oil and hydrogenated oil shortened the survival of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats by decreasing platelet number, increasing hemorrhagic tendency and damaging kidney functions, which could not be accounted for by their fatty acid and phytosterol compositions. These vegetable oils and medicines such as statin and warfarin share, in part, a common mechanism to inhibit vitamin K2-dependent processes, which was interpreted to lead to increased onset of CVD, DM, chronic kidney disease, bone fracture and even mental disorder. Impaired vitamin K2-dependent processes by some types of vegetable oils and medicines, but not plasma high low density lipoprotein cholesterol, were proposed as the cause of CVD, DM and other lifestyle-related diseases. High n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested foods, but not animal fats, was emphasized to be another risk factor for many of the diseases described above. KEY MESSAGES To date, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to prove the above interpretation. However, the opposite types of RCT trials have been performed by increasing the intake of high-linoleic vegetable oils and reducing that of animal fats, which resulted in increased CVD and all-cause mortality. The amounts of these vegetable oils to exhibit adverse effects in animal studies are not huge (<6 energy %), which should not be overlooked nor disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Nagoya City University, and Institute for Consumer Science and Human Life, Midoriku, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Nishi D, Su KP, Usuda K, Chiang YJJ, Guu TW, Hamazaki K, Nakaya N, Sone T, Sano Y, Ito H, Isaka K, Hashimoto K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for expectant mothers with depressive symptoms in Japan and Taiwan: An open-label trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:253-4. [PMID: 27004997 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi-Ju Jill Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Guu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yo Sano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toda Chuo Women's Hospital, Toda, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Hamazaki K, Suzuki N, Kitamura KI, Hattori A, Nagasawa T, Itomura M, Hamazaki T. Is vaccenic acid (18:1t n-7) associated with an increased incidence of hip fracture? An explanation for the calcium paradox. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 109:8-12. [PMID: 27269708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High calcium intake may increase hip fracture (HF) incidence. This phenomenon, known as the calcium paradox, might be explained by vaccenic acid (18:1t n-7, VA), the highly specific trans fatty acid (TFA) present in dairy products. First, we ecologically investigated the relationship between 18:1 TFA intake and HF incidence using data from 12 to 13 European countries collected before 2000; then we measured the effects of VA and elaidic acid (18:1t n-9, EA) on osteoblasts from goldfish scales (tissues very similar to mammalian bone), with alkaline phosphatase as a marker; and finally we measured the effect of VA on mRNA expression in the scales for the major bone proteins type I collagen and osteocalcin. HF incidence was significantly correlated with 18:1 TFA intake in men (r=0.57) and women (r=0.65). Incubation with 1μmol/L VA and EA for 48h significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity by 25% and 21%, respectively. Incubation of scales with 10μmol/L VA for 48h significantly decreased mRNA expression for type I collagen and osteocalcin (by about 50%). In conclusion, VA may be causatively related to HF and could explain the calcium paradox. It may be prudent to reduce 18:1 TFA intake, irrespective of trans positions, to prevent HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Kitamura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nagasawa
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan(2)
| | - Miho Itomura
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan(2); Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama city, Toyama 933-8271, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan(2); Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Toyama city, Toyama 933-8271, Japan
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18
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Hamazaki K, Maekawa M, Toyota T, Iwayama Y, Dean B, Hamazaki T, Yoshikawa T. Fatty acid composition and fatty acid binding protein expression in the postmortem frontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia: A case-control study. Schizophr Res 2016; 171:225-32. [PMID: 26792082 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been found in the postmortem frontal cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex, of patients with schizophrenia. Altered mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 5 and FABP7 has likewise been reported. METHODS This study investigated whether PUFAs in the frontal cortex [Brodmann area (BA) 8] and mRNA expression of FABP3, 5, and 7 were different between patients with schizophrenia (n=95) and unaffected controls (n=93). RESULTS In contrast to previous studies, no significant differences were found in DHA between the groups. Although arachidonic acid (AA) levels were significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group, no association was found between AA and schizophrenia on logistic regression analysis. Only FABP3 expression was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group than in the control group. Significant inverse associations were seen between only two saturated fatty acids, behenic acid and lignoceric acid, and FABP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that major PUFA levels in BA8 are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. Although FABP3 expression was not correlated with any of the major PUFAs, it might play a novel role in the pathology of BA8 in a subset of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 9300194, Japan.
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Matsuoka Y, Nishi D, Hamazaki K, Yonemoto N, Matsumura K, Noguchi H, Hashimoto K, Hamazaki T. Docosahexaenoic acid for selective prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder among severely injured patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:e1015-22. [PMID: 26335087 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent or attenuate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined the efficacy and safety of DHA for preventing PTSD (DSM-IV) after severe accidental injury. METHOD From December 2008 to August 2013, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 110 accident-injured patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit of the National Disaster Medical Center in Tokyo, Japan. All patients were taught about their psychological reactions to accidental injury for 20 minutes and were randomly assigned to receive 1,470 mg/d of DHA plus 147 mg/d of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; n = 53) or placebo (n = 57) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was total score on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included PTSD diagnosis (full-blown or partial PTSD). Adherence to the interventions was assessed by erythrocyte fatty acid composition. RESULTS At 3 months, the CAPS total score revealed no differences between the 2 groups (10.78 in the DHA group vs 9.22 in the placebo group; n = 100; P = .572). We found that 11.1% of the DHA group and 5.5% of the placebo group developed PTSD. The erythrocyte level of DHA and EPA in the DHA group was significantly elevated compared to the placebo group (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation was not superior to placebo for the secondary prevention of PTSD symptoms at 3 months after severe accidental injury. The efficacy of a different ratio of DHA and EPA and higher doses of omega-3 fatty acids as secondary prevention of PTSD remains to be determined. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00671099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan
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Hamazaki K, Maekawa M, Toyota T, Dean B, Hamazaki T, Yoshikawa T. Fatty acid composition of the postmortem prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:353-9. [PMID: 25858798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem brain studies have shown abnormal levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid, in the frontal cortex (particularly the orbitofrontal cortex) of patients with depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder. However, the results from regions in the frontal cortex other than the orbitofrontal cortex are inconsistent. In this study we investigated whether patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder have abnormalities in PUFA levels in the prefrontal cortex [Brodmann area (BA) 8]. In postmortem studies, fatty acids in the phospholipids of the prefrontal cortex (BA8) were evaluated by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Specimens were evaluated for patients with schizophrenia (n=15), bipolar disorder (n=15), or major depressive disorder (n=15) and compared with unaffected controls (n=15). In contrast to previous studies, we found no significant differences in the levels of PUFAs or other fatty acids in the prefrontal cortex (BA8) between patients and controls. Subanalysis by sex also showed no significant differences. No significant differences were found in any individual fatty acids between suicide and non-suicide cases. These psychiatric disorders might be characterized by very specific fatty acid compositions in certain areas of the brain, and BA8 might not be involved in abnormalities of PUFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Brian Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Howard Florey Laboratories, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Hamazaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Nakano M, Yasuda T, Seki S, Hori T, Hamazaki T, Kimura T. Mead acid (20:3n-9) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are not associated with risk of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: results of a case-control study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:31-6. [PMID: 25669698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involves the replacement of ligamentous tissue with ectopic bone. Although genetics and heritability appear to be involved in the development of OPLL, its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Given previous findings that 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid [20:3n-9, Mead acid (MA)] has depressive effects on osteoblastic activity and anti-angiogenic effects, and that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a preventive effect on heterotopic ossification, we hypothesized that both fatty acids would be involved in OPLL development. To examine the biological significance of these and other fatty acids in OPLL, we conducted this case-control study involving 106 patients with cervical OPLL and 109 age matched controls. Fatty acid composition was determined from plasma samples by gas chromatography. Associations between fatty acid levels and incident OPLL were evaluated by logistic regression. Contrary to our expectations, we found no significant differences between patients and controls in the levels of MA or n-3 PUFAs (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Logistic regression analysis did not reveal any associations with OPLL risk for MA or n-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, no potential role was found for MA or n-3 PUFAs in ectopic bone formation in the spinal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shoji Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Tomoatsu Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Hamazaki T, Okuyama H, Ogushi Y, Hama R. Towards a Paradigm Shift in Cholesterol Treatment. A Re-examination of the Cholesterol Issue in Japan. Ann Nutr Metab 2015; 66 Suppl 4:1-116. [PMID: 25925499 DOI: 10.1159/000381654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okuyama H, Langsjoen PH, Hamazaki T, Ogushi Y, Hama R, Kobayashi T, Uchino H. Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015; 8:189-99. [PMID: 25655639 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2015.1011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the current belief that cholesterol reduction with statins decreases atherosclerosis, we present a perspective that statins may be causative in coronary artery calcification and can function as mitochondrial toxins that impair muscle function in the heart and blood vessels through the depletion of coenzyme Q10 and 'heme A', and thereby ATP generation. Statins inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K2, the cofactor for matrix Gla-protein activation, which in turn protects arteries from calcification. Statins inhibit the biosynthesis of selenium containing proteins, one of which is glutathione peroxidase serving to suppress peroxidative stress. An impairment of selenoprotein biosynthesis may be a factor in congestive heart failure, reminiscent of the dilated cardiomyopathies seen with selenium deficiency. Thus, the epidemic of heart failure and atherosclerosis that plagues the modern world may paradoxically be aggravated by the pervasive use of statin drugs. We propose that current statin treatment guidelines be critically reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Nagoya City University and Institute for Consumer Science and Human Life, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
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Abstract
A diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may decrease risk of cardiovascular disease by improving the blood lipid profile. The purpose of this review was to (1) determine if fish oil (omega-3) consumption increased the risk of hemorrhaging after a military injury and (2) whether an improvement in the omega-3 PUFA profile had an impact on survivability from military wounds. The authors found no evidence to contradict the existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration safety ruling that 3 g of omega-3 PUFA per day is generally regarded as safe. However, there is insufficient data with regard to the safety of consuming more than 3 g of omega-3 PUFA per day. More research is needed to safely recommend use of higher doses omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Hamazaki
- Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, Taromaru-nishimachi, Toyama City, Toyama 9398271, Japan
| | - Heather Colleran
- Elon University, Elon, NC, High Point University, High Point, NC
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, University of Toyama School of Medicine Toyama-city, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-city, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Miho Itomura
- Section of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Joseph Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892-9410
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Okuyama H, Hamazaki T, Tokudome S. Prostate cancer, lipids, and statins. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Nagoya City University and Institute for Consumer Science, Human Life, Kinjo Gakuin UniversityOmoriNagoya463‐8521Japan
| | | | - Shinkan Tokudome
- National Institute of Health and Welfare and Social Welfare InstitutionsSeizanrikaiYokkaichiJapan
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Institute for Consumer Science and Human Life; Nagoya City University; Nagoya 463-8521 Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- Toyama Onsen Daini Hospital; University of Toyama; Toyama City Japan
| | | | - Rokuro Hama
- Japan Institute of Pharmacovigilance (Kusuri-no-Check); Non-Profit Organization; Osaka Japan
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Terashima Y, Hamazaki K, Itomura M, Tomita S, Kuroda M, Hirata H, Hamazaki T, Inadera H. Inverse association between docosahexaenoic acid and mortality in patients on hemodialysis during over 10 years. Hemodial Int 2014; 18:625-31. [PMID: 24405908 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have previously conducted a cohort study to investigate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in red blood cells (RBCs) and risk of all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients over 5 years and found that n-3 PUFAs, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), might be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. In the present study, we extended the study for another 5 years to determine whether DHA levels in RBCs still predict the mortality of HD patients during a 10-year study period. The study cohort consisted of 176 patients (64.1 ± 12.0 [mean ± standard deviation] years of age, 96 men and 80 women) under HD treatment. The fatty acid composition of patients' RBCs was analyzed by gas chromatography. During the study period of 10 years, 97 deaths occurred. After adjustment for 10 confounding factors, the hazard ratio of all-cause mortality of the HD patients in the highest DHA tertile (>8.1%) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.30-0.91) compared with those in the lowest DHA tertile (<7.2%). However, other n-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid (n-3) did not reveal any significant correlations. The level of DHA in RBCs could be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in HD patients even during a long period of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Terashima
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Japan
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Okuno M, Hamazaki K, Ogura T, Kitade H, Matsuura T, Yoshida R, Hijikawa T, Kwon M, Arita S, Itomura M, Hamazaki T, Takada H. Abnormalities in fatty acids in plasma, erythrocytes and adipose tissue in Japanese patients with colorectal cancer. In Vivo 2013; 27:203-210. [PMID: 23422479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM In previous animal studies, we confirmed that linoleic acid (LNA) enhanced colon carcinogenesis, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) had protective effects in azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis. In regard to the protective effects of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colorectal cancer however, evidence from epidemiological studies is inconsistent. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study we investigated the fatty acid composition in plasma, red blood cells (RBCs) and adipose tissue from Japanese patients with colorectal cancer, or benign disease. RESULTS Sixty-one patients with histologically-confirmed colorectal cancer and 42 patients with non-malignant disease were recruited for this study. The fatty acid composition of the total phospholipid (PL) fraction of plasma and washed RBCs was determined by gas chromatography. The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue was determined in a similar manner. The EPA proportion in the plasma and RBC PL fractions was significantly lower in patients with cancer than in the controls (p<0.05). Similarly, the LNA proportion in the RBC PL fraction was lower in patients with cancer, but no changes were found in the plasma PL fraction. Arachidonic acid was the only PUFA in the adipose TAG fraction that exhibited significant differences, with higher levels in the patients with cancer than in the controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that patients with cancer have abnormalities in PUFAs in the plasma PL, erythrocyte PL, and adipose TAG fractions. Further investigation is needed to clarify the differences in the results between the various fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okuno
- Division of Surgery, Takii Hospital of Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono, Moriguchi City, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
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Nishi D, Koido Y, Nakaya N, Sone T, Noguchi H, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka Y. Fish oil for attenuating posttraumatic stress symptoms among rescue workers after the great east Japan earthquake: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 2013; 81:315-7. [PMID: 22854784 DOI: 10.1159/000336811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Matsuoka Y, Nishi D, Yonemoto N, Hamazaki K, Matsumura K, Noguchi H, Hashimoto K, Hamazaki T. Tachikawa project for prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with polyunsaturated fatty acid (TPOP): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:8. [PMID: 23289548 PMCID: PMC3598223 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids after trauma might reduce subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To date, we have shown in an open trial that PTSD symptoms in critically injured patients can be reduced by taking omega-3 fatty acids, hypothesized to stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis. The primary aim of the present randomized controlled trial is to examine the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the secondary prevention of PTSD following accidental injury, as compared with placebo. This paper describes the rationale and protocol of this trial. METHODS/DESIGN The Tachikawa Project for Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (TPOP) is a double-blinded, parallel group, randomized controlled trial to assess whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can prevent PTSD symptoms among accident-injured patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit. We plan to recruit accident-injured patients and follow them prospectively for 12 weeks. Enrolled patients will be randomized to either the omega-3 fatty acid supplement group (1,470 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 147 mg eicosapentaenoic acid daily) or placebo group. Primary outcome is score on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). We will need to randomize 140 injured patients to have 90% power to detect a 10-point difference in mean CAPS scores with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation compared with placebo. Secondary measures are diagnosis of PTSD and major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, physiologic response in the experiment using script-driven imagery and acoustic stimulation, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, health-related quality of life, resilience, and aggression. Analyses will be by intent to treat. The trial was initiated on December 13 2008, with 104 subjects randomized by November 30 2012. DISCUSSION This study promises to be the first trial to provide a novel prevention strategy for PTSD among traumatized people. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00671099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan,National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, 187-8553, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, 187-8551, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, 930-0194, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, 187-8553, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, 187-8551, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, 187-8553, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, 260-8670, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, 190-0014, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, 930-0194, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Hamazaki T, Okuyama H, Ogushi Y, Hama R. Cholesterol Issues in Japan Why Are the Goals of Cholesterol Levels Set So Low? Ann Nutr Metab 2013; 62:32-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000342765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okuyama H, Hamazaki T, Ogushi Y, Hama R, Uchino H, Watanabe H, Hashimoto M. Statins are Contraindicant to Diabetics - Urgent Proposal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4010/jln.22.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Inadera H. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and their Related Enzymes in Postmortem Brain Tissues of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/2211556011302010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hamazaki-Fujita N, Itomura M, Hamazaki K, Tohno H, Yomoda S, Terashima Y, Hamazaki T. Relationships among skin conditions, mood, and polyunsaturated fatty acids of RBCs in healthy women. J Cosmet Sci 2012; 63:303-310. [PMID: 23089352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about nonpathological facial skin problems at present. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships among facial skin conditions, mood, and the fatty acid composition of red blood cells (RBCs) in women. One hundred and thirty-two apparently healthy Japanese women aged between 20 and 60 years were recruited. Facial skin conditions were analyzed using a Robo Skin Analyzer, and the RBC fatty acid composition was also determined. Questionnaires concerning mood were administered. Forehead pigmentation was more mood-dependent (in 20s group) and less arachidonic acid (AA)-dependent (in all participants) than that in other areas of the face. Actually there was no correlation in pigmentation between the forehead and other areas of the face when adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking. Skin conditions were adversely correlated with a negative mood. α-Linolenic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with negative mood scores. Pigmentation characteristics in the forehead were independent from other areas of the face. Negative mood and AA were adversely correlated with skin conditions.
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de Lorgeril M, Hamazaki T, Kostucki W, Okuyama H, Pavy B, McGill AT, Rabaeus M. Is the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetics evidence-based? A systematic review. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2012; 7:150-7. [PMID: 22353198 DOI: 10.2174/157488712800100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-lowering drugs are often prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus despite uncertainty about the benefits of this treatment in the prevention of cardiovascular complications. We here systematically review (PRISMA guidelines) the results of high-quality double blind trials testing whether cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins and fibrates) reduce mortality and cardiovascular complications specifically in type 2 diabetics. Trials with premature termination without pertinent medical justification or using nonrandomized subgroups of diabetics were excluded from the review. Only four trials met our predefined inclusion criteria. Among the 3 statin trials, CARDS was discontinued 2 years before the anticipated end and in the absence of significant effect on both overall and cardiovascular mortality, suggesting that the trial should not have been prematurely stopped. The two other statin trials showed no significant effect on the primary endpoint (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.10 in 4D and 0.90, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.12 in ASPEN) and on both cardiovascular and overall mortality. Finally, the fibrate trial (FIELD) showed no significant benefit on the primary endpoint (relative risk 0.89, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.05) and mortality (relative risk 1.11, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.29). Because of a huge medical heterogeneity between patients in the selected trials, it was consensually decided to stop the analysis at this stage. This review does not support the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs (such as statin and fibrate) to reduce mortality and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetics. Official guidelines should be re-examined and reformulated by experts independent from the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel de Lorgeril
- Laboratoire Coeur & Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier-CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 38706 La Tronche, France.
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Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Inadera H. Fatty acid composition in the postmortem amygdala of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1024-8. [PMID: 22572570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies with postmortem brain tissues showed abnormalities in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the orbitofrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders. However, in the hippocampus, we were not able to find any significant differences in PUFAs except for small differences in n-6 PUFAs. In the present study we investigated levels of PUFAs in the amygdala of postmortem brains from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with those of unaffected controls. Amygdala samples from patients with schizophrenia (n = 15), bipolar disorder (n = 15), or MDD (n = 15), and controls matched for age, sex, and five other confounding factors (n = 15) were analyzed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. In contrast to previous studies of the orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus, we were unable to find any significant differences in major PUFAs. The relative compositions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major n-3 PUFA, were 10.0 ± 1.1%, 10.0 ± 1.3%, 9.3 ± 1.3%, and 9.7 ± 1.1%, respectively, in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and MDD and unaffected controls (not significantly different). The corresponding relative compositions of arachidonic acid (AA), the major n-6 PUFA, were 9.0 ± 0.8%, 9.2 ± 0.5%, 9.4 ± 0.7%, and 9.4 ± 0.7%, respectively (not significantly different). Significant differences were found in some of the other fatty acids. In particular, we found a 6.5% increase in palmitic acid and 6.2% decrease in oleic acid in patients with MDD compared to controls. With regard to schizophrenia, there was an 8.0% decrease in docosatetraenoic acid compared to controls. In conclusion, the changes in DHA and/or AA seen in orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus were not observed in amygdala. These changes may be specific to particular brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, Japan.
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Hamazaki T, Nagasawa T, Hamazaki K, Itomura M. Inhibitory effect of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid on angiogenesis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:221-4. [PMID: 22521862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cartilage contains high levels of n-9 eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-9) but no blood vessels. 20:3n-9 might inhibit angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Angiogenesis was measured in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and diploid fibroblasts. Co-culture was performed with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A, 10 ng/mL) and fatty acids (0.1-10 μmol/L). After 10 days of incubation and immunostaining for endothelial cells, vessel areas were calculated with image analyser software. RESULTS Addition of 20:3n-9 and n-3 eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3) dose dependently inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenesis (more than the positive control suramin). Arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) and oleic acids did not affect VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenesis even at 10 μmol/L. Arachidonic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids enhanced angiogenesis without VEGF-A. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the presence of 20:3n-9 in cartilage may be related to its vessel-free status and that 20:3n-9 may be useful for the treatment of disorders with excessive vasculature. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was partly supported by Polyene Project, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hamazaki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, Japan.
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Matsuoka Y, Nishi D, Nakaya N, Sone T, Noguchi H, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Koido Y. Concern over radiation exposure and psychological distress among rescue workers following the Great East Japan Earthquake. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:249. [PMID: 22455604 PMCID: PMC3352263 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami that followed caused severe damage along Japans northeastern coastline and to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. To date, there are few reports specifically examining psychological distress in rescue workers in Japan. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent concern over radiation exposure has caused psychological distress to such workers deployed in the disaster area. Methods One month after the disaster, 424 of 1816 (24%) disaster medical assistance team workers deployed to the disaster area were assessed. Concern over radiation exposure was evaluated by a single self-reported question. General psychological distress was assessed with the Kessler 6 scale (K6), depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), fear and sense of helplessness with the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), and posttraumatic stress symptoms with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results Radiation exposure was a concern for 39 (9.2%) respondents. Concern over radiation exposure was significantly associated with higher scores on the K6, CES-D, PDI, and IES-R. After controlling for age, occupation, disaster operation experience, duration of time spent watching earthquake news, and past history of psychiatric illness, these associations remained significant in men, but did not remain significant in women for the CES-D and PDI scores. Conclusion The findings suggest that concern over radiation exposure was strongly associated with psychological distress. Reliable, accurate information on radiation exposure might reduce deployment-related distress in disaster rescue workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan.
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Nishi D, Koido Y, Nakaya N, Sone T, Noguchi H, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka Y. Peritraumatic distress, watching television, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among rescue workers after the Great East Japan earthquake. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35248. [PMID: 22558130 PMCID: PMC3338412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2001 left around 20,000 dead or missing. Previous studies showed that rescue workers, as well as survivors, of disasters are at high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the predictive usefulness of the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) among rescue workers of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) deployed during the acute disaster phase of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methodology/Principal Findings In this prospective observational study, the DMAT members recruited were assessed 1 month after the earthquake on the PDI and 4 months after the earthquake on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised to determine PTSD symptoms. The predictive value of the PDI at initial assessment for PTSD symptoms at the follow-up assessment was examined by univariate and multiple linear regression analysis. Of the 254 rescue workers who participated in the initial assessment, 173 completed the follow-up assessment. Univariate regression analysis revealed that PDI total score and most individual item scores predicted PTSD symptoms. In particular, high predictive values were seen for peritraumatic emotional distress such as losing control of emotions and being ashamed of emotional reactions. In multiple linear regression analysis, PDI total score was an independent predictor for PTSD symptoms after adjusting for covariates. As for covariates specifically, watching earthquake television news reports for more than 4 hours per day predicted PTSD symptoms. Conclusions/Significance The PDI predicted PTSD symptoms in rescue workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Peritraumatic emotional distress appears to be an important factor to screen for individuals at risk for developing PTSD among medical rescue workers. In addition, watching television for extended period of time might require attention at a time of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
- Head Office, Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Family and Consumer Science, Kamakura Women's University, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroko Noguchi
- Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Clinical Research Training and Consultation Program, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Matsuoka Y, Nishi D, Yonemoto N, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Hashimoto K. Potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in omega-3 Fatty Acid supplementation to prevent posttraumatic distress after accidental injury: an open-label pilot study. Psychother Psychosom 2011; 80:310-2. [PMID: 21720194 DOI: 10.1159/000322980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nakamura N, Kumasaka R, Fu LY, Fujita T, Murakami R, Shimada M, Shimaya Y, Osawa H, Yamabe H, Okumura K, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T. Effects of tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol emulsion on proteinuria in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Nephron Extra 2011; 1:139-46. [PMID: 22470387 PMCID: PMC3290850 DOI: 10.1159/000333479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and an important component of cell membrane phospholipids (PL). Nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis was a worldwide model of the Goodpasture syndrome. We investigated the effects of tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol (DHA-TG) emulsion on proteinuria in rats with NTS nephritis. Methods Sixteen male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 g were used. Twelve rats were treated with NTS via the tail vein and divided into 3 groups (groups A, B, and C). Another 4 rats treated with saline served as controls (group D). DHA-TG and soybean oil emulsions were intraperitoneally administered to the rats in groups A and B, respectively, 24 h prior to NTS injection, and 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after the injection. Saline was administered to the rats in groups C and D in the same manner. All rats were sacrificed on day 6 to obtain plasma and kidney samples. Analyses of urinary protein levels and fatty acid composition of plasma and kidney as well as histological examination of the kidneys were performed. Results Urinary protein levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group C (35.0 ± 13.3 vs. 79.2 ± 11.8 mg/day on day 5, means ± SE, p < 0.05). DHA levels in the PL fraction of the kidneys in group A were significantly increased compared with those in groups B and C. Conclusions These results suggest that the DHA-TG emulsion may have beneficial effects on NTS nephritis in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Nakamura
- Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki
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Kobayakawa M, Inagaki M, Fujimori M, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Akechi T, Tsugane S, Nishiwaki Y, Goto K, Hashimoto K, Yamawaki S, Uchitomi Y. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antidepressant-naive major depression after lung cancer diagnosis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011; 41:1233-7. [PMID: 21926098 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyr119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the existence of an association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and major depression. However, the possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathophysiology of major depression after cancer diagnosis has not yet been investigated. Subjects were collected using the Lung Cancer Database project. Using the cut-off scores on the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), 81 subjects with depression (HADS-D > 10) and 81 subjects without depression (HADS-D < 5) were selected. The two groups were matched for age, sex, clinical stage and performance status. The serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were not statistically different between the subjects in the depression group [29.1 (13.6) ng/ml; mean (SD)] and the non-depression group [31.4 (10.6) ng/ml] (P = 0.22). In a stratified analysis by gender, however, the mean serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the depression group tended to be lower than that in the non-depression group among women (n = 24 pairs, P = 0.06). Major depression after cancer diagnosis is not associated with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kobayakawa
- Psycho-Oncology Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa-City, Chiba, Japan
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Matsuoka Y, Nishi D, Nakaya N, Sone T, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Koido Y. Attenuating posttraumatic distress with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids among disaster medical assistance team members after the Great East Japan Earthquake: the APOP randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11:132. [PMID: 21846343 PMCID: PMC3167761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-11-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake, the most powerful ever recorded in Japan, and a massive tsunami struck off the coast of the Sanriku region. A Disaster Medical Assistance Team, a mobile medical team with specialized training that is deployed during the acute phase of a disaster, was dispatched to areas with large-scale destruction and multiple injured and sick casualties. Previous studies have reported critical incident stress (i.e. posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms) among rescue workers as well as the need for screening and prevention for posttraumatic stress disorder. So far we have shown in an open trial that posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in critically injured patients can be reduced by taking omega-3 fatty acids intended to stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis. METHOD/DESIGN This study is designed to determine the effectiveness of attenuating posttraumatic distress with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids among Disaster Medical Assistance Team members after the Great East Japan Earthquake, and is named the APOP randomized controlled trial which is currently ongoing. First, we will provide psycho-education on posttraumatic distress, which is common in responders to the Disaster Medical Assistance Team members deployed to the disaster area. Second, observational research will be conducted to evaluate critical incident stress following the completion of medical activities. Third, team members who provide consent to participate in the intervention research will be randomly divided into a group given an omega-3 fatty acid supplement and a group not given the supplements. Outcome will be evaluated at 12 weeks after the supplements are shipped to the team members. DISCUSSION Measures that address critical incident stress in disaster responders are important, but there is no substantial evidence that links such measures with prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Thus, any confirmation through this study that the intake of omega-3 fatty acid supplements serves as a simple preventative measure for critical incident stress will be of great significance. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000005367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Family and Consumer Sciences, Kamakura Women's University, 6-1-3 Ofuna, Kamakura 247-8512, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, 1-8-1 Kunimi, Sendai 981-8522, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hamazaki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan,Head Office, Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team, 3256 Midoricho, Tachikawa 190-0014, Japan
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Hamazaki T, Hashimoto M. Neuroprotective and ameliorative actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids against neuronal diseases - evidence from basic to clinical studies: preface. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:149. [PMID: 21606623 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11r02fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Hamazaki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Hamazaki K, Terashima Y, Itomura M, Sawazaki S, Inagaki H, Kuroda M, Tomita S, Hirata H, Inadera H, Hamazaki T. Docosahexaenoic acid is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 2010; 33:105-10. [PMID: 21196723 DOI: 10.1159/000322952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality. Patients on hemodialysis (HD) have a very high mortality from cardiovascular disease. Fish consumption reduces all-cause mortality in patients on HD. Moreover, n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA levels in red blood cells (RBCs), are associated with arteriosclerosis in patients on HD. The aim of this study was to determine whether DHA levels in RBCs predict the mortality of patients on HD in a prospective cohort study. METHODS A cohort of 176 patients (64.1 ± 12.0 (mean ± SD) years of age, 96 men and 80 women) under HD treatment was studied. The fatty acid composition of their RBCs was analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS During the study period of 5 years, 54 deaths occurred. After adjustment for 10 confounding factors, the Cox hazard ratio of all-cause mortality of the patients on HD in the highest DHA tertile (>8.1%, 15 deaths) was 0.43 (95% CI 0.21-0.88) compared with those patients in the lowest DHA tertile (<7.2%, 21 deaths). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the level of DHA in RBCs could be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients on HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.
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Inadera H, Hamazaki T. [Cholesterol controversy: cutoff point of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in Guidelines by Japan Atherosclerosis Society]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2010; 65:506-15. [PMID: 20885077 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.65.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, the Japan Atherosclerosis Society published the Guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the guidelines have several flaws with regard to the cutoff level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). First, LDL-C level is used instead of serum total cholesterol (TC) level in the guidelines. In this case, they must show at least some basic data on the relationship between LDL-C level and mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD). Second, it was recommended that the LDL-C level be below 140 mg/dL or 3.6 mmol/L (corresponding to a TC level of 220 mg/dL or 5.7 mmol/L, respectively). These levels are unreasonable considering that the TC levels of 240-260 mg/dL are optimal in terms of all-cause mortality for the Japanese population. Third, although there are big differences in mortality and morbidity from CHD between sexes, they discussed the matter without considering these differences. Last but not least, the conflict of interest of the editors of the guidelines has never been disclosed. The Japanese population has a lower CHD mortality and incidence than populations from other industrialized countries despite an increase in serum TC level in the former. In populations with a markedly lower coronary mortality or morbidity such as the Japanese population, it is still important to determine the optimal cutoff level of LDL-C to prevent the development of CHD and other atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
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Lai YC, Hamazaki K, Yoshizawa K, Kawanaka A, Kuwata M, Kanematsu S, Hamazaki T, Takada H, Tsubura A. Short-term pregnancy hormone treatment of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in relation to fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in female Lewis rats. In Vivo 2010; 24:553-560. [PMID: 20668323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Short-term oestrogen and progesterone treatment (STEPT) mimics the pregnancy hormone milieu. This study compared the development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer in female Lewis rats that received STEPT in early or later life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats in Groups 1 and 2 received a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg MNU at 4 weeks old. Pellets containing 0.5 mg 17beta-estradiol and 32.5 mg progesterone (EP) were subcutaneously implanted in rats in Group 1 during 6-9 weeks old. Rats in Groups 3 and 4 received 50 mg/kg MNU at 22 weeks old and again at 23 weeks old. EP pellets were implanted in rats in Group 3 during 24-27 weeks old. At the time of EP removal and 8 weeks afterward, 4 randomly selected rats in each group were sacrificed for blood sampling. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was measured by capillary gas chromatography. The remaining rats were sacrificed when they developed mammary tumours >or=1 cm in diameter or at the termination of the experiment, which was at 18 weeks old for Groups 1 and 2 and at 64 weeks old for Groups 3 and 4. Mammary cancer was histologically confirmed. RESULTS Group 1 had a significantly suppressed incidence of mammary cancer compared to Group 2 (7% vs. 90%), whereas the cancer incidence in Group 3 was similar to that of Group 4 (50% vs. 56%). Rats in Group 1 had significantly smaller n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios and higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than those in Group 2 at the time of EP removal but not 8 weeks after EP removal. Neither the PUFA ratios nor the DHA levels differed between Groups 3 and 4 at any time. These data suggest that the age at which STEPT is administered is important, since its mammary cancer-suppressing potential was lost in aged animals. CONCLUSION DHA and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio may play a crucial role in mammary cancer suppression by STEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Lai
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
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Higashihara E, Itomura M, Terachi T, Matsuda T, Kawakita M, Kameyama S, Fuse H, Chiba Y, Hamazaki T, Okegawa T, Tokunaga M, Murota T, Kawa G, Furuya Y, Akashi T, Hamazaki K, Takada H. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. In Vivo 2010; 24:561-565. [PMID: 20668324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure in prostate cancer patients who underwent prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-two prostate cancer patients whose PSA levels were less than 0.2 ng/ml 3 months after surgery were randomized to either an EPA group (n=32) or a control group (n=30). EPA (2.4 g/day) was administered in the EPA group for 2 years. PSA was measured every two months. RESULTS The EPA concentration increased but the docosahexaenoic acid concentration decreased significantly (P<0.001) in erythrocytes. The PSA recurrence rates during a mean follow-up of 53.8 months were not different between the two groups (p=0.16). CONCLUSION A longer and/or larger intervention or docosahexaenoic acid supplementation might be necessary to identify significant preventive effects of mega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on PSA recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Higashihara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Watari M, Hamazaki K, Hirata T, Hamazaki T, Okubo Y. Hostility of drug-free patients with schizophrenia and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in red blood cells. Psychiatry Res 2010; 177:22-6. [PMID: 20227767 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many reports suggest that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence the symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, it has also been reported that n-3 PUFAs control aggression and hostility. Acute symptoms of schizophrenia such as aggression can be a formidable clinical problem resulting in hospitalization. However, few investigations have determined the relationships between acute symptoms of drug-free schizophrenia and n-3 PUFAs. We recruited 75 inpatients with acute drug-free schizophrenia admitted to Chiba Psychiatric Medical Center, an emergency psychiatric hospital. Blood was sampled immediately after admission. The red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid composition and hostility score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were measured. Multiple regression analysis showed that the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the ratio of EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) in RBC showed significant negative correlations with the hostility score of PANSS scores after adjustment for age and sex. AA, on the other hand, showed significant positive correlations. The tissue n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA levels were negatively and positively associated with the hostility score of PANSS scores, respectively, suggesting possible effects of PUFA levels on hostile behavior in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Watari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Okuyama H, Ichikawa Y, Sun Y, Hamazaki T, Lands WEM. Cancer and all-cause mortalities are lower in the higher total cholesterol groups among general populations. World Rev Nutr Diet 2010; 96:37-54. [PMID: 17167279 DOI: 10.1159/000097806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Laboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences, Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyamaku, Nagoya, Japan.
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