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Yuchen-Zhang, Du MR, Zhang QY, Yang SY, Chen JQ, Dan CM, Lian LD, Wang J. Armillariella tabescens-derived polysaccharides alleviated Ɒ-Gal-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive injury through enterocerebral axis and activation of keap-1/Nrf2 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133035. [PMID: 38866276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The early symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases include oxidative stress disorder and accelerated inflammation levels. Edible fungi polysaccharides play essential roles in anti-neuroinflammation. We analyzed the regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides from extracellular Armillariella tabescens (ATEP) in alleviating neuroinflammation in mice. Mice were induced with d-galactose and aluminum chloride to establish an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, then intragastrically treated with ATEP, which had been previously analyzed for its physicochemical properties. We assessed the critical characteristics of mice treated for neuroinflammation, including cognitive behavior, the anti-inflammatory potential of ATEP in hippocampal pathology and critical protein expression, and changes in fecal microbial composition and metabolites. ATEP intervened in oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and suppressing the Keap-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Changing the Nrf2 content in the nucleus led to changes in the downstream oxidation-related enzymes, HO-1, NQO-1, iNOS, and COX-2, and the neuronal morphology in CA3 region of the hippocampus. Microbiome analysis revealed that ATEP remodeled the gut microbiotas and regulated the short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria. Early intervention with ATEP via active dietary supplementation may promote neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen-Zhang
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min-Ru Du
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Zhang
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cen-Meng Dan
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ling-Dan Lian
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Food and Function Microbiology Laboratory, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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2
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Kerman BE, Self W, Yassine HN. Can the gut microbiome inform the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation trials on cognition? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:116-124. [PMID: 38170690 PMCID: PMC10872319 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Most omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation clinical trials report inconsistent or null findings on measures of cognition or Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a relatively large variability in the response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. The purpose of this review is to identify whether the gut microbiome together with the metabolome can provide critical insights to understand this heterogeneity in the response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. RECENT FINDINGS A Western diet with high saturated fat and omega-6 fatty acid content, obesity, and lack of exercise puts strain on the gut microbiome resulting in imbalance, dysbiosis, reduced bacterial diversity, and increased abundance of the pro-inflammatory taxa. A plant-based diet has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota even when deficient in n-3 PUFAs. Human and animal studies show that increased intake of the n-3 PUFAs correlates with increased beneficial intestinal bacteria when compared to a Western diet. SUMMARY The composition of the gut microbiota can help define the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on the brain and lead to more personalized nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal E Kerman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wade Self
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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3
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Cisbani G, Chouinard-Watkins R, Smith ME, Malekanian A, Valenzuela R, Metherel AH, Bazinet RP. Dietary triacetin, but not medium chain triacylglycerides, blunts weight gain in diet-induced rat model of obesity. Lipids 2023; 58:257-270. [PMID: 37997471 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a Western diet (WD) is known to increase the risk of obesity. Short or medium chain fatty acids influence energy metabolism, and triacetin, a synthetic short chain triacylglyceride, has been shown to lower body fat under normal conditions. This study aimed to investigate if triacetin as part of a WD modifies rat weight and body fat. Male rats were fed a control diet or WD for 8 weeks. At week 8, rats in the WD group were maintained on a WD diet or switched to a WD diet containing 30% energy from medium-chain triacylglyceride (WD-MCT) or triacetin (WD-T) for another 8 weeks. At week 16, rats were euthanized and liver, adipose and blood were collected. Tissue fatty acids (FAs) were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and hepatic FAs were measured by GC-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry for δ13 C-palmitic acid (PAM)-a novel marker of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Rats fed WD-T had a body weight not statistically different to the control group, and gained less body weight than rats fed WD alone. Furthermore, WD-T fed rats had a lower fat mass, and lower total liver and plasma FAs compared to the WD group. Rats fed WD-T did not differ from WD in blood ketone or glucose levels, however, had a significantly lower hepatic δ13 C-PAM value than WD fed rats; suggestive of lower DNL. In summary, we show that triacetin has the potential to blunt weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation in a rodent model of obesity, possibly due to a decrease in DNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie E Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arezou Malekanian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Churchward MA, Michaud ER, Mullish BH, Miguens Blanco J, Garcia Perez I, Marchesi JR, Xu H, Kao D, Todd KG. Short-chain fatty and carboxylic acid changes associated with fecal microbiota transplant communally influence microglial inflammation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16908. [PMID: 37484415 PMCID: PMC10360965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has been proposed to influence human mental health and cognition through the gut-brain axis. Individuals experiencing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) frequently report depressive symptoms, which are improved after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT); however, mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Short-chain fatty acids and carboxylic acids (SCCA) produced by the intestinal microbiota cross the blood brain barrier and have been proposed to contribute to gut-brain communication. We hypothesized that changes in serum SCCA measured before and after successful FMT for rCDI influences the inflammatory response of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. Serum SCCA were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy from 38 patients who participated in a randomized trial comparing oral capsule-vs colonoscopy-delivered FMT for rCDI, and quality of life was assessed by SF-36 at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks after FMT treatment. Successful FMT was associated with improvements in mental and physical health, as well as significant changes in a number of circulating SCCA, including increased butyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate, and decreased 2-hydroxybutyrate. Primary cultured microglia were treated with SCCA and the response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus was measured. Treatment with a combination of SCCA based on the post-FMT serum profile, but not single SCCA species, resulted in significantly reduced inflammatory response including reduced cytokine release, reduced nitric oxide release, and accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. This suggests that both levels and diversity of SCCA may be an important contributor to gut-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Churchward
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, AB, T5B 4E4, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Emily R. Michaud
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Jesús Miguens Blanco
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Isabel Garcia Perez
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Huiping Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kathryn G. Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
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5
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Qian XH, Xie RY, Liu XL, Chen SD, Tang HD. Mechanisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Derived from Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1252-1266. [PMID: 35855330 PMCID: PMC9286902 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites derived from the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs participate a number of physiological and pathological processes in the human body, such as host metabolism, immune regulation, appetite regulation. Recent studies on gut-brain interaction have shown that SCFAs are important mediators of gut-brain interactions and are involved in the occurrence and development of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the current research on the potential roles and mechanisms of SCFAs in AD. First, we introduce the metabolic distribution, specific receptors and signaling pathways of SCFAs in human body. The concentration levels of SCFAs in AD patient/animal models are then summarized. In addition, we illustrate the effects and mechanisms of SCFAs on the cognitive level, pathological features (Aβ and tau) and neuroinflammation in AD. Finally, we analyze the translational value of SCFAs as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ru-yan Xie
- Shanghai Guangci Memorial hospital, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201406, China.
| | - Sheng-di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen () and Dr. Hui-dong Tang (), Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-dong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen () and Dr. Hui-dong Tang (), Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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6
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Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
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7
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Nakamura Y, Kimura S, Takada N, Takemura M, Iwamoto M, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y, Morioka N. Stimulation of toll-like receptor 4 downregulates the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors via histone deacetylase in rodent microglia. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Cheray M, Joseph B. Epigenetics Control Microglia Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:243. [PMID: 30123114 PMCID: PMC6085560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system, fulfill multiple functions in the brain throughout life. These microglial functions range from participation in innate and adaptive immune responses, involvement in the development of the brain and its homeostasis maintenance, to contribution to degenerative, traumatic, and proliferative diseases; and take place in the developing, the aging, the healthy, or the diseased brain. Thus, an impressive level of cellular plasticity, appears as a requirement for the pleiotropic biological functions of microglia. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications or DNA methylation as well as microRNA expression, are important modifiers of gene expression, and have been involved in cell phenotype regulation and reprogramming and are therefore part of the mechanisms regulating cellular plasticity. Here, we review and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms, which are emerging as contributors to this microglial cellular plasticity and thereby can constitute interesting targets to modulate microglia associated brain diseases, including developmental diseases, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cheray
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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9
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Garcia IJP, Kinoshita PF, Braga I, Parreira GM, Mignaco JA, Scavone C, Barbosa LA, Santos H. Ouabain attenuates the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharides in the cerebellum of rats. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2156-2167. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel José Pereira Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del ReiCampus Centro‐Oeste Dona LinduDivinópolisMGBrazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Italo Braga
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del ReiCampus Centro‐Oeste Dona LinduDivinópolisMGBrazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Parreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del ReiCampus Centro‐Oeste Dona LinduDivinópolisMGBrazil
| | - Julio Alberto Mignaco
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del ReiCampus Centro‐Oeste Dona LinduDivinópolisMGBrazil
| | - Hérica Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del ReiCampus Centro‐Oeste Dona LinduDivinópolisMGBrazil
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10
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Chevalier AC, Rosenberger TA. Increasing acetyl-CoA metabolism attenuates injury and alters spinal cord lipid content in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2017; 141:721-737. [PMID: 28369944 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetate supplementation increases brain acetyl-CoA metabolism, alters histone and non-histone protein acetylation, increases brain energy reserves, and is anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in rat models of neuroinflammation and neuroborreliosis. To determine the impact acetate supplementation has on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we quantified the effect treatment had on injury progression, spinal cord lipid content, phospholipase levels, and myelin structure in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced by inoculating mice with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide fragment (MOG35-55 ), and acetate supplementation was maintained with 4 g/kg glyceryl triacetate by a daily oral gavage. Acetate supplementation prevented the onset of clinical signs in mice subject to EAE compared to control-treated mice. Furthermore, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipid and phosphatidylserine in mice subjected to EAE compared to EAE animals treated with water. Treatment increased saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in phosphatidylserine compared to controls suggesting that acetate was utilized to increase spinal cord fatty acid content. Also, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord cholesterol in EAE animals but did not change cholesteryl esters. Treatment significantly increased GD3 and GD1a ganglioside levels in EAE mice when compared to EAE mice treated with water. Treatment returned levels of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) levels back to baseline and based on FluoroMyelin™ histochemistry maintained myelin structural characteristics. Overall, these data suggest that acetate supplementation may modulate lipid metabolism in mice subjected to EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Chevalier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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11
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Albrecht DS, Granziera C, Hooker JM, Loggia ML. In Vivo Imaging of Human Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:470-83. [PMID: 26985861 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of a growing number of human disorders, including multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, traumatic brain injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As a result, interest in the development of novel methods to investigate neuroinflammatory processes, for the purpose of diagnosis, development of new therapies, and treatment monitoring, has surged over the past 15 years. Neuroimaging offers a wide array of non- or minimally invasive techniques to characterize neuroinflammatory processes. The intent of this Review is to provide brief descriptions of currently available neuroimaging methods to image neuroinflammation in the human central nervous system (CNS) in vivo. Specifically, because of the relatively widespread accessibility of equipment for nuclear imaging (positron emission tomography [PET]; single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we will focus on strategies utilizing these technologies. We first provide a working definition of "neuroinflammation" and then discuss available neuroimaging methods to study human neuroinflammatory processes. Specifically, we will focus on neuroimaging methods that target (1) the activation of CNS immunocompetent cells (e.g. imaging of glial activation with TSPO tracer [(11)C]PBR28), (2) compromised BBB (e.g. identification of MS lesions with gadolinium-enhanced MRI), (3) CNS-infiltration of circulating immune cells (e.g. tracking monocyte infiltration into brain parenchyma with iron oxide nanoparticles and MRI), and (4) pathological consequences of neuroinflammation (e.g. imaging apoptosis with [(99m)Tc]Annexin V or iron accumulation with T2* relaxometry). This Review provides an overview of state-of-the-art techniques for imaging human neuroinflammation which have potential to impact patient care in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Neuro-Immunology,
Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, Ecole
Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Oral acetate supplementation attenuates N-methyl D-aspartate receptor hypofunction-induced behavioral phenotypes accompanied by restoration of acetyl-histone homeostasis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1257-68. [PMID: 26832338 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aberrations in cellular acetate-utilization processes leading to global histone hypoacetylation have been implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES Here, we investigated the role of acetate supplementation in the form of glyceryl triacetate (GTA) for the ability to restore the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-induced histone hypoacetylation and to ameliorate associated behavioral phenotypes in mice. RESULTS Taking cues from the studies in SH-SY5Y cells, we monitored acetylation status of specific lysine residues of histones H3 and H4 (H3K9 and H4K8) to determine the impact of oral GTA supplementation in vivo. Mice treated chronically with MK-801 (10 days; 0.15 mg/kg daily) induced hypoacetylation of H3K9 and H4K8 in the hippocampus. Daily oral supplementation of GTA (2.9 g/kg) was able to prevent this MK801-induced hypoacetylation significantly. Though MK-801-stimulated decreases in acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H4K8 were found to be associated with ERK1/2 activation, GTA seemed to act independent of this pathway. Simultaneously, GTA administration was able to attenuate the chronic MK-801-induced cognitive behavior phenotypes in elevated plus maze and novel object recognition tests. Not only MK-801, GTA also demonstrated protective effects against behavioral phenotypes generated by another NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine. Acute (single injection) ketamine-mediated hyperactivity phenotype and chronic (10 days treatment) ketamine-induced phenotype of exaggerated immobility in forced swim test were ameliorated by GTA. CONCLUSION The signature behavioral phenotypes induced by acute and chronic regimen of NMDA receptor antagonists seemed to be attenuated by GTA. This study thus provides a therapeutic paradigm of using dietary acetate supplement in psychiatric disorders.
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13
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Garcia IJP, Kinoshita PF, Scavone C, Mignaco JA, de Oliveira Barbosa LA, de Lima Santos H. Ouabain Modulates the Lipid Composition of Hippocampal Plasma Membranes from Rats with LPS-induced Neuroinflammation. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:1191-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Taka E, Mazzio EA, Goodman CB, Redmon N, Flores-Rozas H, Reams R, Darling-Reed S, Soliman KFA. Anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone in activated BV-2 microglial cells. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 286:5-12. [PMID: 26298318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), the main pharmacological active ingredient within the black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) is believed to be responsible for the therapeutic effects on chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, asthma and neurodegeneration. In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-inflammatory role of TQ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 murine microglia cells. The results obtained indicate that TQ was effective in reducing NO2(-) with an IC50 of 5.04μM, relative to selective iNOS inhibitor LNIL-l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (IC50 4.09μM). TQ mediated reduction in NO2(-) was found to parallel the decline of iNOS protein expression as confirmed by immunocytochemistry. In addition, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of TQ on ninety-six (96) cytokines using a RayBio AAM-CYT-3 and 4 cytokine antibody protein array. Data obtained establish a baseline protein expression profile characteristic of resting BV-2 cells in the order of osteopontin>MIP-1alpha>MIP-1g>IGF-1 and MCP-I. In the presence of LPS [1ug/ml], activated BV-2 cells produced a sharp rise in specific pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokine's IL-6, IL-12p40/70, CCL12 /MCP-5, CCL2/MCP-1, and G-CSF which were attenuated by the addition of TQ (10μM). The TQ mediated attenuation of MCP-5, MCP-1 and IL-6 protein in supernatants from activated BV-2 cells were corroborated by independent ELISA. Moreover, the data obtained from the RT(2) PCR demonstrated a similar pattern where the LPS mediated elevation of mRNA for IL-6, CCL12/MCP-5, CCL2/MCP-1 were significantly attenuated by TQ (10μM). Also, in this study, consistent data were obtained for both protein antibody array densitometry and ELISA assays. In addition, TQ was found to reduce LPS mediated elevation in gene expression of Cxcl10 and a number of other cytokines in the panel. These findings demonstrate the significant anti-inflammatory properties of TQ in LPS activated microglial cells. Therefore, the obtained results might indicate the usefulness of TQ in delaying the onset of inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders involving activated microglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Equar Taka
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Carl B Goodman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Natalie Redmon
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Hernan Flores-Rozas
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Renee Reams
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Selina Darling-Reed
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.
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15
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Smith MD, Bhatt DP, Geiger JD, Rosenberger TA. Acetate supplementation modulates brain adenosine metabolizing enzymes and adenosine A₂A receptor levels in rats subjected to neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:99. [PMID: 24898794 PMCID: PMC4050445 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetate supplementation reduces neuroglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in rat models of neuroinflammation and Lyme neuroborreliosis. Because single-dose glyceryl triacetate (GTA) treatment increases brain phosphocreatine and reduces brain AMP levels, we postulate that GTA modulates adenosine metabolizing enzymes and receptors, which may be a possible mechanism to reduce neuroinflammation. Methods To test this hypothesis, we quantified the ability of GTA to alter brain levels of ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73), adenosine kinase (AK), and adenosine A2A receptor using western blot analysis and CD73 activity by measuring the rate of AMP hydrolysis. Neuroinflammation was induced by continuous bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in the fourth ventricle of the brain for 14 and 28 days. Three treatment strategies were employed, one and two where rats received prophylactic GTA through oral gavage with LPS infusion for 14 or 28 days. In the third treatment regimen, an interventional strategy was used where rats were subjected to 28 days of neuroinflammation, and GTA treatment was started on day 14 following the start of the LPS infusion. Results We found that rats subjected to neuroinflammation for 28 days had a 28% reduction in CD73 levels and a 43% increase in AK levels that was reversed with prophylactic acetate supplementation. CD73 activity in these rats was increased by 46% with the 28-day GTA treatment compared to the water-treated rats. Rats subjected to neuroinflammation for 14 days showed a 50% increase in levels of the adenosine A2A receptor, which was prevented with prophylactic acetate supplementation. Interventional GTA therapy, beginning on day 14 following the induction of neuroinflammation, resulted in a 67% increase in CD73 levels and a 155% increase in adenosine A2A receptor levels. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that acetate supplementation can modulate brain CD73, AK and adenosine A2A receptor levels, and possibly influence purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203, USA.
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16
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Acetate treatment increases fatty acid content in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Lipids 2014; 49:621-31. [PMID: 24852320 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetate supplementation increases plasma acetate, brain acetyl-CoA, histone acetylation, phosphocreatine levels, and is anti-inflammatory in models of neuroinflammation and neuroborreliosis. Although radiolabeled acetate is incorporated into the cellular lipid pools, the effect that acetate supplementation has on lipid deposition has not been quantified. To determine the impact acetate-treatment has on cellular lipid content, we investigated the effect of acetate in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on fatty acid, phospholipid, and cholesterol content in BV2 microglia. We found that 1, 5, and 10 mM of acetate in the presence of LPS increased the total fatty acid content in BV2 cells by 23, 34, and 14 % at 2 h, respectively. Significant increases in individual fatty acids were also observed with all acetate concentrations tested with the greatest increases occurring with 5 mM acetate in the presence of LPS. Treatment with 5 mM acetate in the absence of LPS increased total cholesterol levels by 11 %. However, neither treatment in the absence of LPS significantly altered the content of individual phospholipids or total phospholipid content. To determine the minimum effective concentration of acetate we measured the time- and concentration-dependent changes in histone acetylation using western blot analysis. These studies showed that 5 mM acetate was necessary to induce histone acetylation and at 10 mM acetate, the histone acetylation-state increased as early as 0.5 h following the start of treatment. These data suggest that acetate increases fatty acid content in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia that is reflected by an increase in fatty acids esterified into membrane phospholipids.
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17
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Zhu X, Li Q, Chang R, Yang D, Song Z, Guo Q, Huang C. Curcumin alleviates neuropathic pain by inhibiting p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity-regulated expression of BDNF and cox-2 in a rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91303. [PMID: 24603592 PMCID: PMC3946321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of neuropathic pain is still a major challenge because of its unresponsiveness to most common treatments. Curcumin has been reported to play an active role in the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as neuropathic pain. Curcumin has long been recognized as a p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP) inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. However, this mechanism has never been investigated for the treatment of neuropathic pain with curcumin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive role of curcumin in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, with this model we investigated the effect of curcumin on P300/CBP HAT activity-regulated release of the pro-nociceptive molecules, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Treatment with 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight curcumin for 7 consecutive days significantly attenuated CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, whereas 20 mg/kg curcumin showed no significant analgesic effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that curcumin dose-dependently reduced the recruitment of p300/CBP and acetyl-Histone H3/acetyl-Histone H4 to the promoter of BDNF and Cox-2 genes. A similar dose-dependent decrease of BDNF and Cox-2 in the spinal cord was also observed after curcumin treatment. These results indicated that curcumin exerted a therapeutic role in neuropathic pain by down-regulating p300/CBP HAT activity-mediated gene expression of BDNF and Cox-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongbing Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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