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Heiden RW, Schober S, Mittelbach M. Solubility limitations of residual steryl glucosides, saturated monoglycerides and glycerol in commercial biodiesel fuels as determinants of filter blockages. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Heiden
- R. W. Heiden Associates LLC, Laboratory/Greenfield Corporate Center Lancaster Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz—NAWI Graz Graz Austria
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2
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Aguirre A, Peiru S, Rasia R, Castelli ME, Menzella HG. Cloning and Production of Thermostable Enzymes for the Hydrolysis of Steryl Glucosides in Biodiesel. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2290:203-214. [PMID: 34009592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1323-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oil-derived biodiesels have a major quality problem due to the presence of precipitates formed by steryl glucosides, which clog filters and injectors of diesel engines. An efficient, scalable, and cost-effective method to hydrolyze steryl glucosides using thermostable enzymes has been developed. Here, methods to discover, express in recombinant microorganisms and manufacture enzymes with SGase activity, as well as methods to treat biodiesel with such enzymes, and to measure the content of steryl glucosides in biodiesel samples are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aguirre
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Salvador Peiru
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Rasia
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Hugo G Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Rosario, Argentina.
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Kang J, Che Y, Yan N, Cao D. Evaluation system construction and factor impact analysis of silica-gel adsorption to extract phytosterol glycosides from soybean lecithin powder. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4287-4295. [PMID: 30828812 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean lecithin powders are good sources of phytosterol glucosides (PGs) containing acyl-sterylglycosides (ASGs) and sterylglucosides (SGs), but PG extraction from soybean lecithin powder is difficult due to the solubilizing property of phospolipids. To comprehensively utilize soybean lecithin resources, an evaluation system construction and factor impact analysis of PG extraction by silica-gel adsorption was investigated in this article. RESULTS With high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the main experimental analysis method, software such as SIMICA and SPSS were applied to construct an evaluation system of PG extraction. Different from scores plot in SIMICA for distinguishing samples in chloroform from others, the loading plot and binary variant correlation analysis of all indicators in PG extraction were brought to confirm four evaluation indicators containing PG purity, ASG recovery, SG recovery and phospholipid recovery. In the factor impact analysis, four times elution from silica-gel sediment was enough to achieve a PG product with least reagent waste, while SPW in petroleum ether at 50 mg mL-1 with 1:3 silica-gel dosage (lecithin/silica-gel, w/w) was then determined as the optimum of single factors. CONCLUSION All studies in this article were of great significance, as they laid foundations for research of PG extraction procedure, as well as PG industrial production, facilitating the comprehensive utilization of lecithin resources. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kang
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Che
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yan
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cao
- Oil and Plant Protein Center, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Weiss S, Neu PM, Ludwig C, Schober S, Mittelbach M. Novel Method for the Synthesis of Cholesteryl Glucosides starting from Disaccharides. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Weiss
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
- Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry (Wood K Plus)Klagenfurter Straße 87‐899300 St. Veit/GlanAustria
| | - Philipp M. Neu
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
| | - Christopher Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
| | - Martin Mittelbach
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010 GrazAustria
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Eberhardt F, Aguirre A, Menzella HG, Peiru S. Strain engineering and process optimization for enhancing the production of a thermostable steryl glucosidase in Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:141-147. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiesels produced from transesterification of vegetable oils have a major problem in quality due to the presence of precipitates, which are mostly composed of steryl glucosides (SGs). We have recently described an enzymatic method for the efficient removal of SGs from biodiesel, based on the activity of a thermostable β-glycosidase from Thermococcus litoralis. In the present work, we describe the development of an Escherichia coli-based expression system and a high cell density fermentation process. Strain and process engineering include the assessment of different promoters to drive the expression of a codon-optimized gene, the co-expression of molecular chaperones and the development of a high cell density fermentation process. A 200-fold increase in the production titers was achieved, which directly impacts on the costs of the industrial process for treating biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Eberhardt
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Andres Aguirre
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Keclon S.A. Tucuman 7180 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Hugo G Menzella
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Keclon S.A. Tucuman 7180 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Salvador Peiru
- grid.10814.3c 0000000120973211 Genetic Engineering & Fermentation Technology, IPROByQ-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Keclon S.A. Tucuman 7180 2000 Rosario Argentina
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6
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A Quantitative Method of Analysis for Sterol Glycosides in Biodiesel and FAME Using GC-FID. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Peiru S, Aguirre A, Eberhardt F, Braia M, Cabrera R, Menzella HG. An industrial scale process for the enzymatic removal of steryl glucosides from biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:223. [PMID: 26697112 PMCID: PMC4687101 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesels produced from transesterification of vegetable oils have a major quality problem due to the presence of precipitates, which need to be removed to avoid clogging of filters and engine failures. These precipitates have been reported to be mostly composed of steryl glucosides (SGs), but so far industrial cost-effective methods to remove these compounds are not available. Here we describe a novel method for the efficient removal of SGs from biodiesel, based on the hydrolytic activity of a thermostable β-glycosidase obtained from Thermococcus litoralis. RESULTS A steryl glucosidase (SGase) enzyme from T. litoralis was produced and purified from Escherichia coli cultures expressing a synthetic gene, and used to treat soybean-derived biodiesel. Several optimization steps allowed for the selection of optimal reaction conditions to finally provide a simple and efficient process for the removal of SGs from crude biodiesel. The resulting biodiesel displayed filterability properties similar to distilled biodiesel according to the total contamination (TC), the cold soak filtration test (CSFT), filter blocking tendency (FBT), and cold soak filter blocking tendency (CSFBT) tests. The process was successfully scaled up to a 20 ton reactor, confirming its adaptability to industrial settings. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this work provide a novel path for the removal of steryl glucosides from biodiesel using a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and scalable enzymatic process, contributing to the adoption of this renewable fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Peiru
- />Genetic Engineering and Fermentation Technology, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Conicet, Suipacha 531, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
- />Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
| | - Andres Aguirre
- />Genetic Engineering and Fermentation Technology, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Conicet, Suipacha 531, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
- />Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
| | - Florencia Eberhardt
- />Genetic Engineering and Fermentation Technology, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Conicet, Suipacha 531, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
| | - Mauricio Braia
- />Genetic Engineering and Fermentation Technology, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Conicet, Suipacha 531, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Cabrera
- />Unitec Bio S.A., Batalla del Quebracho s/n, Pto. Gral, San Martín, 2202 Argentina
| | - Hugo G. Menzella
- />Genetic Engineering and Fermentation Technology, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Conicet, Suipacha 531, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
- />Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, Rosario, 2000 Argentina
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Quantitative Determination of Natural Glycolipids from Oil Seed by Automated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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A Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for Quantification of Steryl Glucosides in Biodiesel. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Oppliger SR, Münger LH, Nyström L. Rapid and highly accurate detection of steryl glycosides by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9410-9419. [PMID: 25175549 DOI: 10.1021/jf501509m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development and validation of a fast, accurate, and precise UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method for the analysis of steryl glycosides (SGs). The best combination of separation and sensitivity was obtained with a methanol/water gradient and formic acid as additive, using electrospray ionization (ESI). SGs were detected almost exclusively as sodiated adducts, allowing identification of the intact molecule, including the sugar moiety. The TOF-MS system offered high mass accuracy (1.3 ppm), providing a valuable tool for SG identification. The method was used to quantify single SG species in oat bran and whole wheat, and it was demonstrated that reliable quantification requires accounting for the matrix effect, which may reduce the SG signal by up to 50% in some samples. The level of matrix effect also depends on food matrices with various SG contents, indicating that it should be individually considered for each sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina R Oppliger
- ETH Zurich Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health , Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of steryl glucosides, major contaminants of vegetable oil-derived biodiesel. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:4033-40. [PMID: 24265025 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesels are mostly produced from lipid transesterification of vegetable oils, including those from soybean, jatropha, palm, rapeseed, sunflower, and others. Unfortunately, transesterification of oil produces various unwanted side products, including steryl glucosides (SG), which precipitate and need to be removed to avoid clogging of filters and engine failures. So far, efficient and cost-effective methods to remove SGs from biodiesel are not available. Here we describe for the first time the identification, characterization and heterologous production of an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing SGs. A synthetic codon-optimized version of the lacS gene from Sulfolobus solfataricus was efficiently expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, and used to treat soybean derived biodiesel containing 100 ppm of SGs. After optimizing different variables, we found that at pH 5.5 and 87 °C, and in the presence of 0.9 % of the emulsifier polyglycerol polyricinoleate, 81 % of the total amount of SGs present in biodiesel were hydrolyzed by the enzyme. This remarkable reduction in SGs suggests a path for the removal of these contaminants from biodiesel on industrial scale using an environmentally friendly enzymatic process.
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Haagenson DM, Perleberg JR, Wiesenborn DP. Fractionation of Canola Biodiesel Sediment for Quantification of Steryl Glucosides with HPLC/ELSD. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Corzo-Valladares PA, Fernández-Cuesta Á, Fernández-Martínez JM, Velasco L. Variability of Phytosterols in Jatropha curcas Germplasm. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Characterisation of non-polar dimers formed during thermo-oxidative degradation of β-sitosterol. Food Chem 2013; 139:464-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bondioli P, Della Bella L, Rivolta G. Evaluation of total and saturated monoglyceride content in biodiesel at low concentration. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bondioli
- INNOVHUB; Stazioni Sperimentali Industria; Divisione SSOG, Milano; Italy
| | - Laura Della Bella
- INNOVHUB; Stazioni Sperimentali Industria; Divisione SSOG, Milano; Italy
| | - Gabriele Rivolta
- INNOVHUB; Stazioni Sperimentali Industria; Divisione SSOG, Milano; Italy
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Gómez-Coca RB, Pérez-Camino MDC, Moreda W. Specific procedure for analysing steryl glucosides in olive oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lin X, Ma L, Moreau RA, Ostlund RE. Glycosidic bond cleavage is not required for phytosteryl glycoside-induced reduction of cholesterol absorption in mice. Lipids 2011; 46:701-8. [PMID: 21538209 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytosteryl glycosides occur in natural foods but little is known about their metabolism and bioactivity. Purified acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) were compared with phytosteryl esters (PSE) in mice. Animals on a phytosterol-free diet received ASG or PSE by gavage in purified soybean oil along with tracers cholesterol-d(7) and sitostanol-d(4). In a three-day fecal recovery study, ASG reduced cholesterol absorption efficiency by 45 ± 6% compared with 40 ± 6% observed with PSE. Four hours after gavage, plasma and liver cholesterol-d(7) levels were reduced 86% or more when ASG was present. Liver total phytosterols were unchanged after ASG administration but were significantly increased after PSE. After ASG treatment both ASG and deacylated steryl glycosides (SG) were found in the gut mucosa and lumen. ASG was quantitatively recovered from stool samples as SG. These results demonstrate that ASG reduces cholesterol absorption in mice as efficiently as PSE while having little systemic absorption itself. Cleavage of the glycosidic linkage is not required for biological activity of ASG. Phytosteryl glycosides should be included in measurements of bioactive phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Novel sensitive determination of steryl glycosides in biodiesel by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Doehlert
- USDA-ARS Wheat Quality Laboratory, Harris Hall, North Dakota State University, Dept 7640, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mary R. Roth
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Michael S. McMullen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7670, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND
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Gonzalo A, García M, Luis Sánchez J, Arauzo J, Peña JÁ. Water Cleaning of Biodiesel. Effect of Catalyst Concentration, Water Amount, and Washing Temperature on Biodiesel Obtained from Rapeseed Oil and Used Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901707q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gonzalo
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel García
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Sánchez
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Arauzo
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ángel Peña
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Lacoste F, Dejean F, Griffon H, Rouquette C. Quantification of free and esterified steryl glucosides in vegetable oils and biodiesel. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tang H, De Guzman RC, Salley SO, Ng KYS. Formation of Insolubles in Palm Oil-, Yellow Grease-, and Soybean Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends After Cold Soaking at 4 °C. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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