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Saika A, Nagatake T, Kishino S, Kitamura N, Honda T, Hosomi K, Tiwari P, Node E, Kawai S, Kondo S, Ishida K, Kabashima K, Ogawa J, Kunisawa J. The omega-3 postbiotic trans-10- cis-15-octadecadienoic acid attenuates contact hypersensitivity in mice through downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1355679. [PMID: 38841110 PMCID: PMC11151274 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1355679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria metabolize dietary substances to produce bioactive postbiotics, among which some are recognized for their role in promoting host health. We here explored the postbiotic potential of two omega-3 α-linolenic acid-derived metabolites: trans-10-cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (t10,c15-18:2) and cis-9-cis-15-octadecadienoic acid (c9,c15-18:2). Dietary intake of lipids rich in omega-3 α-linolenic acid elevated levels of t10,c15-18:2 and c9,c15-18:2 in the serum and feces of mice, an effect dependent on the presence of intestinal bacteria. Notably, t10,c15-18:2 mitigated skin inflammation in mice that became hypersensitive after exposure to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, an experimental model for allergic contact dermatitis. In particular, t10,c15-18:2-but not c9,c15-18:2-attenuated ear swelling and edema, characteristic symptoms of contact hypersensitivity. The anti-inflammatory effects of t10,c15-18:2 were due to its ability to suppress the release of vascular endothelial growth factor A from keratinocytes, thereby mitigating the enhanced vascular permeability induced by hapten stimulation. Our study identified retinoid X receptor as a functional receptor that mediates the downregulation of skin inflammation upon treatment with t10,c15-18:2. Our results suggest that t10,c15-18:2 holds promise as an omega-3 fatty acid-derived postbiotic with potential therapeutic implications for alleviating the skin edema seen in allergic contact dermatitis-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Prabha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saki Kondo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Ishida
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Mohammadi F, Dikpati A, Bertrand N, Rudkowska I. Encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid and ruminant trans fatty acids to study the prevention of metabolic syndrome-a review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:262-276. [PMID: 37221703 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the potential benefits of consuming conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFAs) in reducing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, encapsulation of CLA and R-TFAs may improve their oral delivery and further decrease the risk factors of MetS. The objectives of this review were (1) to discuss the advantages of encapsulation; (2) to compare the materials and techniques used for encapsulating CLA and R-TFAs; and (3) to review the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs on MetS risk factors. Examination of papers citing micro- and nano-encapsulation methods used in food sciences, as well as the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs, was conducted using the PubMed database. A total of 84 papers were examined; of these, 18 studies were selected that contained information on the effects of encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs. The 18 studies that described encapsulation of CLA or R-TFAs indicated that micro- or nano-encapsulation processes stabilized CLA and prevented oxidation. CLA was mainly encapsulated using carbohydrates or proteins. So far, oil-in-water emulsification followed by spray-drying were the frequently used techniques for encapsulation of CLA. Further, 4 studies investigated the effects of encapsulated CLA on MetS risk factors compared with non-encapsulated CLA. A limited number of studies investigated the encapsulation of R-TFAs. The effects of encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs on the risk factors for MetS remain understudied; thus, additional studies comparing the effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mohammadi
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Amrita Dikpati
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Özer CO, Kılıç B. Optimization of pH, time, temperature, variety and concentration of the added fatty acid and the initial count of added lactic acid Bacteria strains to improve microbial conjugated linoleic acid production in fermented ground beef. Meat Sci 2021; 171:108303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fauziah RR, Ogita S, Yoshino T, Yamamoto Y. Effect of Molecular Form of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Oxidative Stability : Comparison of Triacylglycerol and Phosphatidylcholine Form. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:801-807. [PMID: 32641609 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a functional lipid with anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and hypotensive activity, have garnered increasing attention. The current study was conducted to determine the oxidative stability of CLA in the form of triacylglycerol (CLA-TAG) and phosphatidylcholine (CLA-PC) at the sn-2 position. Oxidation was performed at 30°C or 40°C in the dark. Hydroperoxides, as the primary oxidation products, were analyzed using diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile compounds were monitored as secondary oxidation products. The results suggest that CLA-PC was more stable against oxidation than CLA-TAG from the perspective of suppression of the generation of hydroperoxides and TBARS. However, CLA-PC produced more volatile compounds than CLA-TAG. We suggest that choline was released during the oxidation of CLA-PC, and acted as an antioxidant. The ensuing reaction between choline and hydroperoxide induced the generation of volatile compounds such as pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riska Rian Fauziah
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima.,Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember
| | - Shinjiro Ogita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshino
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Yukihiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
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Liu Q, Wu J, Dong Z, Wang S, Shao T. Effects of overnight wilting and additives on the fatty acid profile, α-tocopherol and β-carotene of whole plant oat silages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Cholesterol Oxidative Products Generated in Hot Boned Beef Semimembranosus Muscle as Affected by Rigor Temperature, Ageing and Display Time. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010043. [PMID: 31947758 PMCID: PMC7022991 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of processing parameters comprising rigor temperature, ageing and display time on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations, stability and the development of cholesterol oxidation products in hot boned beef semimembranosus muscles. Meat samples, having attained rigor mortis at 5 °C and 25 °C, were vacuum packed and aged for 7 and 14 days and then displayed under aerobic conditions for 7 days at 4 °C. Lipid was extracted at each time interval then 1H NMR and GC-FID were used for CLA quantification. The cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were separated from lipids via column chromatography and derivatized for GC-FID. The CLA content was not affected by the rigor temperature, ageing and display time (p > 0.05). The cholesterol oxidative stability was not affected by rigor temperature (p > 0.05) but was affected by ageing and display time (p < 0.05). The COPs, 7α- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and 7-ketocholesterol were positively identified and their quantities increased with ageing and display time (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the production of COPs in semimembranosus muscle was significantly altered by the ageing and display time parameters but not by the rigor temperature used in this study.
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Preparation from Lepidium meyenii Walpers using high-speed countercurrent chromatography and thermal stability of macamides in air at various temperatures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:768-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oxidative and physical stability, rheological properties and sensory characteristics of ‘salad dressing’ samples formulated with flaxseed oil and n-OSA starch. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Accumulation of conjugated linoleic acid in Lactobacillus plantarum WU-P19 is enhanced by induction with linoleic acid and chitosan treatment. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Hosseinzadeh L, Soheili S, Ghiasvand N, Ahmadi F, shokoohinia Y. Fatty Acid Mixtures from Nigella sativa Protects PC12 Cells from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Doxorubicin. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Prieto N, Dugan MER, Larsen IL, Vahmani P, Aalhus JL. Palatability of Beef from Cattle Fed Extruded Flaxseed before Hay or Mixed with Hay. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2017.04.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the eating quality of longissimus thoracis steaks and hamburgers (80/20 gluteus medius to perirenal fat) with enhanced profiles of potentially healthy fatty acids. The profile of health favorable fatty acids (n-3, vaccenic and rumenic) was improved in beef by feeding co-extruded flaxseed (flaxseed, peas, and alfalfa) and alfalfa-grass hay as a total mixed ration (TMR), and further enhanced by feeding co-extruded flaxseed before alfalfa-grass hay (Non-TMR). Compared to TMR, feeding steers the Non-TMR resulted in tougher steaks (P < 0.05) with lower beef flavor (P < 0.01) and greater off-flavor (P < 0.01) intensity to an extent that might be detectable by consumers. High levels of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly of vaccenic acid, were associated with a fishy off-flavor, although actual changes in flavor may relate to correlated combined effects of conjugated fatty acids, atypical dienoic acids and ɑ-linolenic acid. Diet had no significant effect on sensory attributes of hamburgers, but when panelists described off-flavors, they noted more ‘other’ off-flavors (P < 0.05) with fishy and stale/cardboard notes being more prominant in Non-TMR hamburgers. Overall, beef samples with threshold levels of vaccenic acid over 6.12% of total fatty acids resulting from feeding flaxseed products, while of potentially greater health benefit, may pose challenges in terms of eating quality. Areas worthy of further investigation to ensure acceptable eating quality might be the influence of ageing on antioxidant capacity in beef with enhanced fatty acid profiles, and the potential use of protective packaging to limit deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre
| | - M. E. R. Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre
| | - I. L. Larsen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre
| | - P. Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre
| | - J. L. Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre
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Seo TR, Kim HY, Lim ST. Preparation and characterization of aqueous dispersions of high amylose starch and conjugated linoleic acid complex. Food Chem 2016; 211:530-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Botta A, Ghosh S. Exploring the Impact of n-6 PUFA-rich Oilseed Production on Commercial Butter Compositions Worldwide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8026-8034. [PMID: 27723313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the incorporation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) containing oilseeds in dairy feeds depletes saturated fatty acids (SFA) in dairy fats such as butter. However, due to the lack of chemical evidence, the current status of n-6 PUFA or SFA in butter is unknown. We hypothesized that n-6 PUFA levels in commercial butter were inversely proportional to its SFA content and directly proportional to the extent of n-6 PUFA-rich oilseed production of its country of origin. We analyzed grass-fed and commercial butters from Australia, Belarus, Canada, China, England, France, Germany, Iceland, India, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia, and the United States via gas chromatography. Extent of n-6 PUFA containing oilseed production for countries was obtained from the FAOStat 2015 database. Globally, SFA from commercial butters had a strong negative correlation (Spearman r = -0.53, p = 0.025) with its n-6 PUFA content, with U.S. and Canadian butter demonstrating the highest n-6 PUFA as well as n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios. As predicted, we show that countries with >5% of its agricultural land dedicated to n-6 PUFA oilseed production demonstrate a "spillover" increase of n-6 PUFA in their commercial butters (Spearman r = 0.85, p = 0.0054). The overall significance of this study is that it presents novel evidence of the global impact of rising n-6 PUFA production on commercial butter fat composition. We hope these data will lead to inclusion of actual biochemical analyses of dairy fats in future clinical trials. We believe that this inclusion of analyses will better explain the differential health outcomes among different countries for such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan , Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan , Kelowna, Canada
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He H, Hong Y, Gu Z, Liu G, Cheng L, Li Z. Improved stability and controlled release of CLA with spray-dried microcapsules of OSA-modified starch and xanthan gum. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:243-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Distinct capability of some fats on unsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant enrichment of foods for ketogenic diet purpose. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Autoxidation and photooxidation of triacylglycerols containing conjugated linoleic acids. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Seo TR, Kim JY, Lim ST. Preparation and characterization of crystalline complexes between amylose and C18 fatty acids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of flexible polymer networks comprising fatty acid derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Martínez-Monteagudo SI, Saldaña MD. Retention of bioactive lipids in heated milk: Experimental and modelling. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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High-pressure and temperature effects on the inactivation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, alkaline phosphatase and storage stability of conjugated linoleic acid in milk. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Fletouris DJ, Govari MA, Botsoglou EN. The influence of retail display storage on the fatty acid composition of modified atmosphere packaged Graviera Agraphon cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios J Fletouris
- Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | - Maria A Govari
- Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | - Evropi N Botsoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; Karditsa 43100 Greece
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Kumari Ramiah S, Meng GY, Ebrahimi M. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters oxidative stability and alleviates plasma cholesterol content in meat of broiler chickens. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:949324. [PMID: 25386625 PMCID: PMC4216700 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition, lipoprotein content, lipid peroxidation, and meat colour of broiler chickens. A total of 180 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0, 2.5, and 5% Lutrell) and given a standard broiler starter diet and finisher diet. Body weight of chickens and feed intake were recorded weekly. After slaughter, the breast meat was aged at 4 °C for 0, 3, and 6 days. The fatty acid composition was measured in the breast meat. Body weight (BW) and feed efficiency were decreased by dietary CLA level (P < 0.05). Chicken fed with 2.5% Lutrell had the highest feed intake compared to the control (CON) group. The total CLA increased significantly (P < 0.05) in breast meat from birds supplemented with CLA. Propensity for lipid peroxidation was significantly higher after 6 days of meat storage (P < 0.05) and the redness in chicken breast meat was lower in CLA-fed birds (P < 0.05). It is also notable that a 5% Lutrell supplementation decreased the plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density protein (LDL), and HDL (high-density lipoprotein)/LDL ratio in chickens (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lele SR, Proctor A, Ruan CM. Oxidative Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Rich Soy Oil Obtained by Heterogeneous Catalysis. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Gangidi RR, Lokesh BR. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Formation in Edible Oils by Photoisomerization: A Review. J Food Sci 2014; 79:R781-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Reddy Gangidi
- Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dept.; CSIR Central Food Technological Research Inst. (CFTRI); Mysore Karnataka 570020 India
| | - Belur Ramaswamy Lokesh
- Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dept.; CSIR Central Food Technological Research Inst. (CFTRI); Mysore Karnataka 570020 India
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Gao ZM, Zhu LP, Yang XQ, He XT, Wang JM, Guo J, Qi JR, Wang LJ, Yin SW. Soy lipophilic protein nanoparticles as a novel delivery vehicle for conjugated linoleic acid. Food Funct 2014; 5:1286-93. [PMID: 24741678 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy lipophilic protein nanoparticles (LPP), which present a novel delivery vehicle for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), were fabricated by ultrasonication of the soy lipophilic protein (LP), which exhibits unique characteristics including a high loading capacity, oxidation protection and a sustained releasing profile in vitro for CLA. The CLA-loaded LPP exhibited a mean diameter of 170 ± 0.63 nm and a loading capacity of 26.3 ± 0.40% (w/w). A coating of sodium caseinate (SC) on the surface improved the colloidal stability of the CLA-loaded LPP. This encapsulation conferred protection against the oxidation of CLA, by which the head space-oxygen consumption and hydrogen peroxide value were obviously decreased in comparison with the SC-encapsulated CLA and CLA alone. The delivery system enables a sustained releasing profile of CLA in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These findings illustrate that the LPP could act as an effective delivery device for CLA, which could provide oxidation stability and a sustained release property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Gao
- Research and Development Centre of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Villaverde JJ, Santos SAO, Maciel E, Simões MMQ, Pascoal Neto C, Domingues MRM, Silvestre AJD. Formation of oligomeric alkenylperoxides during the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry study. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:163-72. [PMID: 22359325 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the identification of oligomeric alkenylperoxides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(2)), during the oxidation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids with Fenton's (Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2)) and Fe(2+)/O(2) systems. The reactions were followed by ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange method together with GC-MS and GC-FID, allowing to observe that both oxidation systems are different in terms of hydroperoxide evolution, probably due to the presence of different intermediate reactive species: perferryl ion and OH(·) radical responsible for the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides and formation of new compounds. The analysis of ESI-MS in the negative mode, obtained after oxidation of each fatty acid, confirmed the presence of the monomeric oxidation products together with other compounds at high mass region above m/z 550. These new ions were attributed to oligomeric structures, identified by the fragmentation pathways observed in the tandem mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Villaverde
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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27
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28
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29
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Spray-dried conjugated linoleic acid encapsulated with Maillard reaction products of whey proteins and maltodextrin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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30
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Ko SN, Kim CJ, Kim CT, Kim Y, Kim IH. Effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on the inhibition of autoxidation of conjugated linoleic acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Yang Y, Gu Z, Zhang G. Delivery of bioactive conjugated linoleic acid with self-assembled amylose-CLA complex. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7125-7130. [PMID: 19572652 DOI: 10.1021/jf9016306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A delivery system for bioactive conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) through a self-assembled amylose-CLA complex was investigated in comparison with a beta-cyclodextrin (BCD)-CLA complex. Successful complexation between CLA and amylose or BCD was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis. The yield and complexing percentages were 71.9 and 1.4% for the amylose-CLA complex and 42.3 and 7.7% for the BCD-CLA complex, respectively. However, the amylose-CLA complex showed a better antioxidative protection effect on CLA than BCD-CLA complex, supporting a strong complexing interaction between CLA and amylose shown by thermogravimetric analysis. Compared to 15.9% of CLA released from the BCD-CLA complex under simulated small intestine conditions, 95.6% of CLA was released from the amylose-CLA complex. These results indicate that an amylose-lipid complex self-assembled in the natural way of food component interaction can be used to protect and deliver functional lipids or other bioactive components into the targeted small intestine for absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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32
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Lee JS, Song YB, Lee JY, Kim MK, Jun SJ, Lee HG. Optimization and oxidative stability of the microencapsulated conjugated linoleic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:348-51. [PMID: 19665477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We used response surface methodology to optimize the preparation conditions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) microcapsules for maximum entrapment efficiency. Three independent variables were used: the ratio of CLA core material to agar and waxy corn starch wall material (X(1)), the temperature of dispersion fluid (X(2)), and the concentration of emulsifier (X(3)). The optimized values of X(1), X(2), and X(3) were found to be 3.82:6.18, 19.97 degrees C, and 0.34%, respectively. The CLA oxidation stability was significantly protected by microencapsulation. These results suggest that CLA-loaded microcapsules can be used as a means to enhance not only the entrapment efficiency but also the oxidative stability of CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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33
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Yang L, Cao Y, Chen JN, Chen ZY. Oxidative stability of conjugated linolenic acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4212-4217. [PMID: 19368396 DOI: 10.1021/jf900657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interest in conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as functional lipids is growing. The present study was (i) to study the oxidative stability of individual CLnA isomers and (ii) to compare the oxidative stabilities of CLnA and CLA with their corresponding nonconjugated counterparts, α-linolenic acid (LN) and linoleic acid (LA). The oxidation was carried out in air at 50 °C and monitored by the gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and the oxygen consumption test. First, it was found that CLnA was most unstable followed by CLA, LN, and LA in decreasing order. Second, analyses of silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag(+)-HPLC) demonstrated that t,t,t-CLnA isomers had greater stability than c,t,t-CLnA and c,t,c-CLnA isomers. Finally, both green tea catechins (GTCs) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were capable of preventing the CLnA oxidation, with the former being more effective than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453007, China.
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34
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Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fatty Acid Positional Distribution on Physicochemical Properties of Structured Lipids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Fagali N, Catalá A. Antioxidant activity of conjugated linoleic acid isomers, linoleic acid and its methyl ester determined by photoemission and DPPH techniques. Biophys Chem 2008; 137:56-62. [PMID: 18656302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemiluminescent response of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLAs), linoleic acid (LA) and methyl linoleate (LAME) against the prooxidant t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) was analyzed. The c9, t11-CLA and t10, c12-CLA isomers showed significant photoemission at the highest concentration used, while photoemission was not detected at any concentration of LA and LAME analyzed. These results show that CLAs are more susceptible to peroxidation than LA and LAME. Likewise, the effect of CLA, LA and LAME on lipid peroxidation of triglycerides rich in C20:5 omega3 and C22:6 omega3 (Tg omega3-PUFAs) was investigated. For that, chemiluminescence produced by triglycerides in the presence of tBHP, previously incubated with different concentrations of CLAs, LA and LAME (from 1 to 200 mM) was registered for 60 min. Triglycerides in the presence of t-BHP produced a peak of light emission (3151+/-134 RLUs) 5 min after addition. CLAs produced significant inhibition on photoemission, t10, c12-CLA being more effective than the c9, t11-CLA isomer. LA and LAME did not have an effect on lipid peroxidation of Tg omega3-PUFAs. CLA isomers, LA and LAME were also investigated for free radical scavenging properties against the stable radical (DPPH). Both CLA isomers reacted and quenched DPPH at all tested levels (from 5 to 25 mM), while LA and LAME did not show radical quenching activity even at the highest concentration tested. These data indicate that CLAs would provide protection against free radicals, but LA and LAME cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fagali
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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36
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Watanabe Y, Sawahara Y, Nosaka H, Yamanaka K, Adachi S. Enzymatic synthesis of conjugated linoleoyl ascorbate in acetone. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Watkins B, Li Y. Conjugated Linoleic Acids. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420046649.ch23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Alfaia CM, Ribeiro PJ, Trigo MJ, Alfaia AJ, Castro ML, Fontes CM, Bessa RJ, Prates JA. Irradiation effect on fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in frozen lamb meat. Meat Sci 2007; 77:689-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Luna P, de la Fuente MA, Salvador D, Márquez-Ruiz G. Differences in oxidation kinetics between conjugated and non-conjugated methyl linoleate. Lipids 2007; 42:1085-92. [PMID: 17899239 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation kinetics of conjugated methyl linoleate was compared with that of non-conjugated methyl linoleate under mild oxidation conditions (30 degrees C in the dark). Samples of methyl 9-cis,11-trans-linoleate, methyl 10-trans,12-cis linoleate and methyl 9-cis,12-cis linoleate were assayed separately and in mixtures. For comparative purposes, methyl alpha-linolenate and methyl oleate were also used. Two complementary analytical approaches were selected to monitor the progress of oxidation, (1) the traditional follow-up of residual substrate by gas liquid chromatography, and (2) an analytical procedure by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) for direct measurement of the oxidation compounds formed. The HPSEC method enabled us to quantitate oxidized monomers, dimers and polymers concomitantly in a rapid and direct analysis. Results showed that conjugated methyl linoleate samples oxidized later than their non-conjugated counterparts, and showed a very different oxidation pattern. Thus, formation of oxidized monomers was negligible and the first and major compounds formed were polymerization products. Also, under the conditions used, non-conjugated and conjugated methyl linoleate samples in 1:1 mixtures led to decreased oxidation rate of non-conjugated methyl linoleate and increased oxidation rate of conjugated methyl linoleate. This study supports the view that oxidation kinetics of conjugated dienes differ substantially from that of methylene-interrupted dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Luna
- Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Spray-drying microencapsulation and oxidative stability of conjugated linoleic acid. Eur Food Res Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-004-0992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Suzuki R, Abe M, Miyashita K. Comparative study of the autoxidation of TAG containing conjugated and nonconjugated C18
PUFA. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-0942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Suzuki
- ; Laboratory of Biofunctional Material Chemistry, Division of Marine Bioscience, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences; Hokkaido University; 041-8611 Hakodate Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Miyashita
- ; Laboratory of Biofunctional Material Chemistry, Division of Marine Bioscience, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences; Hokkaido University; 041-8611 Hakodate Japan
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42
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Tsuzuki T, Igarashi M, Iwata T, Yamauchi-Sato Y, Yamamoto T, Ogita K, Suzuki T, Miyazawa T. Oxidation rate of conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid is slowed by triacylglycerol esterification and α-tocopherol. Lipids 2004; 39:475-80. [PMID: 15506243 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that alpha-eleostearic acid (alpha-ESA), a conjugated linolenic acid, has a stronger antitumor effect than conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the oxidative stability of alpha-ESA was examined compared with linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (LnA), and CLA. Thin layers of the FA (LA, 9Z,11 E-CLA, 10E,12Z-CLA, LnA, and alpha-ESA) were auto-oxidized at 37 degrees C, and the FA remaining, the absorbed oxygen volume, the lipid hydroperoxide content, and the TBARS content were determined. The oxidation rate of alpha-ESA was faster than that of the unconjugated FA and CLA (9Z, 11 E-CLA and 10E, 12Z-CLA). However, the lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS contents following alpha-ESA oxidation were low, suggesting production of only small amounts of rapid-reacting secondary oxidation products. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of conjugated FA (CLA and CLnA) in which the carboxylic acid group was esterified with triacylglycerol was greater than that of the FFA. Addition of an antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol) also increased the stability of the conjugated FA to a level similar to that of the unconjugated FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tsuzuki
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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43
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Lee J, Lee SM, Kim IH, Jeong JH, Rhee C, Lee KW. Oxidative instability of CLA concentrate and its avoidance with antioxidants. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junsoo Lee
- ; Department of Food Science & Technology; Chungbuk National University; Chongju Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Lee
- ; Department of Food Science & Technology; Chungbuk National University; Chongju Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- ; Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Health Sciences; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Jeong
- Department of Hotel Culinary Arts; Ansan Technical College; Ansan Korea
| | - Chul Rhee
- ; Division of Food Science, College of Life & Environmental Sciences; Korea University; 1,5-ka, Anamdong, Sungbuk-ku 136-701 Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- ; Division of Food Science, College of Life & Environmental Sciences; Korea University; 1,5-ka, Anamdong, Sungbuk-ku 136-701 Seoul Korea
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44
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Minemoto Y, Adachi S, Shimada Y, Nagao T, Iwata T, Yamauchi-Sato Y, Yamamoto T, Kometani T, Matsuno R. Oxidation kinetics for cis
-9,trans
-11 and trans
-10,cis
-12 isomers of CLA. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Minemoto
- ; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Toyama National College of Technology; 939-8630 Toyama Japan
| | - Shuji Adachi
- ; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuji Shimada
- ; Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute; 536-8553 Osaka Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagao
- ; Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute; 536-8553 Osaka Japan
| | - Toshio Iwata
- Rinoru Oil Mills Co., Ltd.; 103-0027 Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Tadashi Kometani
- ; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Toyama National College of Technology; 939-8630 Toyama Japan
| | - Ryuichi Matsuno
- ; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
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45
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Turpeinen AM, Mutanen M, Aro A, Salminen I, Basu S, Palmquist DL, Griinari JM. Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:504-10. [PMID: 12197992 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccenic acid (11-trans octadecenoic acid; VA), a major trans fatty acid in the fat of ruminants, is produced in the rumen and converted in tissues to rumenic acid (9-cis, 11-trans octadecenoic acid; RA), an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, by Delta(9)-desaturase. There are indications that this conversion also occurs in humans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this controlled intervention was to study the conversion of VA to RA in humans after consumption of diets with increasing amounts of VA. DESIGN Thirty healthy subjects consumed a baseline diet rich in oleic acid for 2 wk. The subjects were then divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group) and provided a diet containing 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g VA/d for 9 d. All diets contained equal amounts of macronutrients and differed only in their fatty acid compositions. The fats were mixed into conventional foods, and nearly all food was provided during the study. RESULTS The proportion of VA in serum total fatty acids increased 94%, 307%, and 620% above baseline with the 1.5-, 3.0-, and 4.5-g diets, respectively. This was associated with a linear increase in the proportion of RA. The conversion rate was 19% on average, with significant interindividual differences with all 3 intakes of VA. The urinary excretion of 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) increased in all groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results quantify the desaturation of VA to RA in humans. Conversion is likely to contribute significantly to the amount of RA available to the body, and dietary intakes of VA should thus be taken into account when predicting RA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu M Turpeinen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Noguchi R, Yasui Y, Suzuki R, Hosokawa M, Fukunaga K, Miyashita K. Dietary effects of bitter gourd oil on blood and liver lipids of rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 396:207-12. [PMID: 11747298 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bitter gourd is widely used as an edible plant in Asia. In this study, we evaluated the effects of bitter gourd oil (BGO) on the blood and liver lipids of rats. Three groups of rats were given a basal diet (AIN-93G) containing 7% fat by weight. The dietary fat consisted of soybean oil (control), soybean oil + BGO (6.5:0.5, w/w; 0.5% BGO), or soybean oil + BGO (5:2, w/w; 2.0% BGO). This fat treatment gave 3.4 and 15.4% of cis(c)9,trans(t)11,t13-18:3 in the dietary fat of 0.5 and 2.0% BGO, respectively. Fatty acid analysis showed the occurrence of c9,t11-18:2 in the liver of rats fed BGO diets, whereas this conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer was not detected in the liver of rats fed the control diet. Furthermore, dietary BGO decreased the concentration of 18:2n-6 and increased the concentration of 22:6n-3. The formation of the CLA isomer in the liver lipids of rats fed BGO diets could be explained by either of the following two metabolic pathways, namely, enzymatic biohydrogenation of c9,t11,t13-18:3 or enzymatic isomerization of c9,c12-18:2. The BGO diets had significantly reduced free cholesterol levels with a trend toward an increase in HDL cholesterol, but there was no significant change in the total cholesterol. The dietary BGO also affected the level of plasma hydroperoxides. A slight but significant increase in hydroperoxides was found in the rats fed 2.0% BGO. This may be attributed to the lower oxidative stability of c9,t11,t13-18:3 in BGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noguchi
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Material Chemistry, Division of Marine Bioscience, Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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47
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Chen ZY, Kwan KY, Huang Y. Accumulation and apparent oxidation of cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers relative to linoleic acid in rats. Br J Nutr 2001; 86:249-55. [PMID: 11502239 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers impair desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid (Delta9cis,12cis-18 : 2), but little is known of their proportional partitioning between accumulation and oxidation. The present study was therefore designed to assess the accumulation and apparent oxidation of cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers compared with that of trans-18 : 1 isomers and Delta9cis,12cis-18 : 2 in rats. Accumulation is defined as whole-body increase in a fatty acid during a given period (i.e. final body content-initial body content). The apparent oxidation (disappearance) is defined as whole-body utilization of a fatty acid relative to its intake for a given period (intake-excretion-accumulation-longer-chain products)/intakex100). The animals were fed on a diet containing 15 % (w/w) partially hydrogenated rapeseed oil with 1.72 % energy as cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers and varying amounts of Delta9cis,12cis-18 : 2. The apparent oxidation of total cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers (72-76 % dietary intake) was greater than that of Delta9cis,12cis-18 : 2 (38-51 % dietary intake) but it was similar to that of total trans-18 : 1 isomers (78-82 % dietary intake). Among the four isomers, the apparent oxidation of Delta9trans,12trans-18 : 2 was greater than that of the other isomers including Delta9trans,12cis-18 : 2, Delta9cis,12trans-18 : 2 and Delta9cis,13trans-18 : 2. Accumulation of Delta5cis,8cis,11cis,15trans-20 : 4 and Delta5cis,8cis,11cis,14trans-20 : 4 derived from chain-elongation and desaturation of Delta9cis,13trans-18 : 2 and Delta9cis,12trans-18 : 2 was decreased when the dietary Delta9cis,12cis-18 : 2 supply was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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48
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Igarashi M, Miyazawa T. The growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, is induced by a change in fatty acid metabolism, but not the facilitation of lipid peroxidation in the cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1530:162-71. [PMID: 11239819 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on HepG2 (human hepatoma cell line), exploring whether the inhibitory action occurs via lipid peroxidation in the cells. When the cells were incubated up to 72 h with 5-40 microM of CLA (a mixture of 9c,11t-18:2 and 10t,12c-18:2), cell proliferation was clearly inhibited in a dose and time dependent manner but such an inhibition was not confirmed with linoleic acid (LA). In order to evaluate the possible contribution of lipid peroxidation exerted by CLA to cell growth inhibition, alpha-tocopherol (5-20 microM) and BHT (1-10 microM) as potent antioxidants were added to the medium with CLA (20 microM), which did not restore cell growth at all. Furthermore, after 72 h incubation, the membranous phospholipid hydroperoxide formation in the CLA-supplemented cells was suppressed respectively to 25% and 50% of that in LA-supplemented cells and control cells. No difference was observed by a conventional lipid peroxide assay, the TBA test, between CLA-supplemented cells and LA-supplemented cells. Although the cellular lipid peroxidation was not stimulated, lipid contents (triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and free cholesterol) and fatty acid contents (palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid) markedly increased in CLA-supplemented cells compared with LA-supplemented and control cells. Moreover, supplementation with 20 microM LA and 20 microM arachidonic acid profoundly interfered with the inhibitory effect of CLA in HepG2. These results suggest that the growth inhibitory effect of CLA on HepG2 is due to changes in fatty acid metabolism but not to lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Igarashi
- Laboratory of Biodynamic Chemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Science and Agriculture, 981-8555, Sendai, Japan
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SUZUKI R, NAKANO K, KOBAYASHI M, MIYASHITA K. Oxidative Stability of Conjugated Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Esters in Bulk Phase. J Oleo Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.50.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
This paper deals with the reanalysis of serum lipids from previous studies in which deuterated fatty acids were administered to a single person. Samples were reanalyzed to determine if the deuterated fatty acids were converted to deuterium-labeled conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 9c,11t-18:2) or other CLA isomers. We found 11-trans-octadecenoate (fed as the triglyceride) was converted (delta9 desaturase) to CLA, at a CLA enrichment of ca. 30%. The 11-cis-octadecenoate isomer was also converted to 9c,11c-18:2, but at <10% the concentration of the 11t-18:1 isomer. No evidence (within our limits of detection) for conversion of 10-cis- or 10-trans-octadecenoate to the 10,12-CLA isomers (delta12 desaturase) was found. No evidence for the conversion of 9-cis,12-cis-octadecadienoate to CLA (via isomerase enzyme) was found. Although these data come from four single human subject studies, data from some 30 similar human studies have convinced us that the existence of a metabolic pathway in one subject may be extrapolated to the normal adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Adlof
- Food Quality and Safety Research, NCAUR, USDA, ARS, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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