1
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Preparation of γ‐linolenic acid rich triacylglycerol from borage oil via a two‐step lipase‐catalyzed reaction. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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2
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Dovale-Rosabal G, Espinosa A, Rodríguez A, Barriga A, Palomino-Calderón A, Romero N, Troncoso RH, Aubourg SP. Effect of Structured Phenolic Lipids with EPA/DHA and Gallic Acid against Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227702. [PMID: 36431812 PMCID: PMC9696657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the leading risk factor for developing metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The food industry has an essential role in searching for new strategies to improve primary food sources to revert some of the metabolic alterations induced by obesity. There is consistent evidence that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) belonging to the n-3 series, i.e., eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) acids, could revert some alterations associated with obesity-induced metabolic diseases. A relevant tool is the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (sAG), which include EPA or DHA at the sn-2 position. On the other hand, it has been reported that a crucial role of antioxidants is the reversion of MAFLD. In this work, we studied the effects of new molecules incorporating gallic acid (GA) into EPA/DHA-rich structured lipids. Mice were fed with a high-fat diet (60%) for three months and were then divided into five groups for supplementation with sAG and sAG structured with gallic acid (structured phenolic acylglycerols, sPAG). sPAG synthesis was optimized using a 2²-screening factorial design based on the response surface methodology (RSM). Our results show that treatment of sPAG was effective in decreasing visceral fat, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, suggesting that this new molecule has a potential use in the reversal of MAFLD-associated alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Dovale-Rosabal
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Campus San Felipe, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Andrés Barriga
- Centre of Studies for the Development of Chemistry (CEPEDEQ), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Alan Palomino-Calderón
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Nalda Romero
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Hernán Troncoso
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity (LABINAF), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Santiago Pedro Aubourg
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.P.A.)
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3
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Cheng Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Yang G, Chen J, Bi Y. Synthesis of DHA-enriched triglyceride through glycerolysis: Process parameters and reuse of partially inactivated lipase. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Ju C, Lee YJ, Yoon HS, Kim BH, Kim IH. Efficient Synthesis of Stearidonic Acid Enriched Triacylglycerol from Ahiflower Seed Oil via a Two-Step Enzyme Reaction. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1679-1688. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Ju
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University
| | - Hui Su Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University
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5
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Synthesis of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil by Enzymatic Lipase Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113094. [PMID: 34067234 PMCID: PMC8196811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is consistent evidence that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) belonging to the n-3 series, i.e., eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) acids, decrease the risk of heart, circulatory and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the bioavailability of such fatty acids has been shown to depend on their location in triacylglycerol (TG) molecules at the sn-2 position. Consequently, great attention has been accorded to the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (sAG), which include EPA or DHA at the sn-2 position. The aim of this work was to synthesize sAG starting from deodorized refined commercial salmon oil. For this, immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (nonspecific) was used as a catalyst for the intra–interesterification process under CO2 supercritical conditions (CO2SC). According to the CO2SC reaction time, three different fractions including sAG compounds were obtained. The location of EPA and DHA at the sn-2 position in the resulting glycerol backbone was identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis. In all fractions obtained, a marked decrease in the starting TG content was observed, while an increase in the DHA content at the sn-2 position was detected. The fraction obtained after the longest reaction time period (2 h) led to the highest yield of sn-2 position DHA in the resulting sAG molecule.
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6
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Jadhav HB, Annapure U. Process intensification for synthesis of triglycerides of capric acid using green approaches. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Gao K, Chu W, Sun J, Mao X. Identification of an alkaline lipase capable of better enrichment of EPA than DHA due to fatty acids selectivity and regioselectivity. Food Chem 2020; 330:127225. [PMID: 32569931 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The whole genome of Streptomyces violascens (=ATCC 27968) was sequenced and the cloning and expression of OUC-Lipase 6 were conducted in Bacillus subtilis WB800. The recombinant enzyme belongs to the lipolytic enzymes family V. OUC-Lipase 6 showed optimal activity at 30 °C and pH 9.0, and retained 90.2% of its activity in an alkaline buffer (pH 8.0, 30 °C and 96 h). OUC-Lipase 6 showed good stability under medium temperature conditions (residual activity of 68.8%, pH 8.0, 45 °C and 96 h). OUC-Lipase 6 could selectively hydrolyze fatty acids on the glyceride backbone, thus improving the contents of DHA and EPA in codfish oil. OUC-Lipase 6 also showed regioselectivity, resulting in a better enrichment efficiency for EPA than DHA. After hydrolyzing for 36 h via OUC-Lipase 6, the contents of EPA and DHA were improved to 3.24-fold and 1.98-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenqin Chu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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8
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Wang X, Qin X, Li X, Zhao Z, Yang B, Wang Y. An Efficient Synthesis of Lysophosphatidylcholine Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Immobilized MAS1 Lipase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:242-249. [PMID: 31668065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with many beneficial effects was effectively synthesized by immobilized MAS1 lipase-catalyzed esterification of n-3 PUFA with sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (GPC) under vacuum in a solvent-free system. Immobilized MAS1 lipase was found to be a more suitable catalyst for the production of n-3 PUFA-rich LPC when compared with Novozym 435. The maximal GPC conversion and LPC content (93.12% and 90.77 mol %) were obtained under the optimized conditions (enzyme loading of 300 U/g substrate, temperature of 55 °C, and n-3 PUFA/GPC molar ratio of 20:1). Moreover, it was observed that 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-lysophosphatidylcholine (sn-1 acyl LPC) was the main reaction product, as demonstrated by molecular docking. These results showed that immobilized MAS1 lipase had high phospholipase activity with a predominant specificity for the sn-1 hydroxyl position of GPC to efficiently synthesize highly pure n-3 PUFA-rich LPC from GPC for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Putian University , Putian 351100 , P. R. China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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9
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Kim H, Kim T, Choi N, Kim BH, Oh SW, Kim IH. Synthesis of diethylhexyl adipate by Candida antarctica lipase-catalyzed esterification. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zhao B, Li H, Lan T, Wu D, Pan L, Chen Z. Preparation of High-Purity Trilinolein and Triolein by Enzymatic Esterification Reaction Combined with Column Chromatography. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:159-165. [PMID: 30651418 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-purity trilinolein and triolein were prepared by Novozym 435-catalyzed esterification reaction combined with column chromatography purification in this study. Firstly, linoleic acid and oleic acid were respectively extracted from safflower seed oil and camellia seed oil by urea adduct method. Secondly, trilinolein and triolein were synthesized through Novozym 435 catalyzed esterification of glycerol and fatty acids. The best synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature 100°C, residual pressure 0.9 kPa, enzyme dosage 6%, molar ratio of glycerol to linoleic acid 1:3 and reaction time 8 h. Crude trilinolein and triolein were further purified by silica gel column chromatography. Finally, highpurity trilinolein (95.43±0.97%) and triolein (93.07±1.05%) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Hua Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Tao Lan
- China National Institute of Standardization
| | - Di Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Li Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
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11
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Kim NH, Kim H, Choi N, Kim Y, Kim BH, Kim IH. Production of stearidonic acid-rich triacylglycerol via a two-step enzymatic esterification. Food Chem 2019; 270:332-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Mohod AV, Gogate PR. Intensified synthesis of medium chain triglycerides using ultrasonic reactors at a capacity of 4L. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:347-355. [PMID: 29429679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are considered as one of the most crucial nutrients for humans and among the various classes, medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are considered as the most important functional foods and nutraceuticals. The present work deals with the intensification of synthesis of MCTs at a large capacity of 4L based on the use of ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic longitudinal horn. The effect of operating parameters like molar ratio of the reactants, type of catalyst and catalyst loading as well as the temperature on the extent of conversion has been investigated. The effect of molar ratio of lauric acid and glycerol was investigated over the range of 1:2 to 1:8 whereas the effect of loading of sulfuric acid was studied over the range of 4 ml/L-10 ml/L and zinc chloride loading over the range of 1 g/L-4 g/L. The effect of temperature was also studied using the conventional approach where it has been observed that 90 °C is an optimum temperature giving the extent of conversion as 72%. Also, the use of homogeneous catalyst as sulphuric acid was found to be more effective as compared to the solid catalyst as zinc chloride. It was observed that the maximum extent of conversion as 77.5% was obtained at 8 ml/L of sulfuric acid and molar ratio of 1:6 using ultrasonic longitudinal horn with US bath giving lower conversion as compared to US longitudinal horn but higher than the conventional approach under same operating conditions. The present work clearly established the intensification benefits in terms of reduction in time and higher conversion using cavitational reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish V Mohod
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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13
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Pradima J, Kulkarni MR, Archna. Review on enzymatic synthesis of value added products of glycerol, a by-product derived from biodiesel production. RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Kim H, Choi N, Oh SW, Kim Y, Hee Kim B, Kim IH. Synthesis of α-linolenic acid-rich triacylglycerol using a newly prepared immobilized lipase. Food Chem 2017; 237:654-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Li D, Qu M, Durrani R, Yang B, Wang Y. Immobilized MAS1 lipase showed high esterification activity in the production of triacylglycerols with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem 2017; 216:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Preparation of Highly Pure n-3 PUFA-Enriched Triacylglycerols by Two-Step Enzymatic Reactions Combined with Molecular Distillation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li D, Wang W, Qin X, Li X, Yang B, Wang Y. A Novel Process for the Synthesis of Highly Pure n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA)-Enriched Triglycerides by Combined Transesterification and Ethanolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6533-6538. [PMID: 27540752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel two-step enzymatic reaction was developed for the synthesis of highly pure triacylglycerols (TAGs) with a high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Glyceride mixtures were primarily synthesized by Novozym 435-catalyzed transesterification of glycerol and DHA/EPA-rich ethyl esters (EEs), followed by removal of partial glycerides, for the first time, by immobilized mono- and diacylglycerol lipase SMG1-F278N-catalyzed ethanolysis. TAG yield as high as 98.66% was achieved under the optimized conditions, and highly pure (98.75%) n-3 PUFA-enriched TAGs with 88.44% of n-3 PUFA was obtained after molecular distillation at lower temperature (140 °C). In addition, the EEs produced during ethanolysis had a FA composition similar to that of the original EEs, making them feasible for cyclic utilization. This was the first study reporting removal of partial glycerides by ethanolysis. Through ethanolysis, a higher purity product could be easily obtained at a relatively low temperature compared with the conventional high-temperature molecular distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Castillo López B, Esteban Cerdán L, Robles Medina A, Navarro López E, Martín Valverde L, Hita Peña E, González Moreno PA, Molina Grima E. Production of biodiesel from vegetable oil and microalgae by fatty acid extraction and enzymatic esterification. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:706-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Bhandari K, Chaurasia SP, Dalai AK. Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fatty Acids with Glycerol. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.891505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Jadhav SH, Gogate PR. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic conversion of non edible oil to methyl esters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1374-1381. [PMID: 24491601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis and subsequent esterification of Nagchampa oil under mild operating conditions have been investigated with an objective of intensification of methyl esters production using a sustainable approach. The effect of ratio of reactants, temperature, enzyme loading, pretreatment of enzyme (using ultrasonic irradiations) on the hydrolysis and esterification reaction has been studied. Optimum conditions for hydrolysis were observed to be 1:1 weight ratio of oil: water for Lip Z and 1:3 for Lip 2 enzymes, enzyme loading of 400 units for Lip Z and 800 mg for Lip 2 enzymes and reaction time of 6h. In the case of esterification reaction, optimum conditions obtained were oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:2, enzyme loading of 1000 mg and reaction time of 20 h. Use of pretreated enzyme (using ultrasonic irradiations) was found to increase the extent of esterification reaction from 75% to 92.5%. It was observed that use of ultrasound in the reaction significantly intensified the esterification reaction with time requirement reducing from 20 h for conventional stirring based approach to only about 7.5 h in the presence of ultrasound. The extent of esterification obtained with sonicated enzyme also increased to 96% from 75% with unsonicated enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket H Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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21
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Yang K, Bi Y, Sun S, Yang G, Ma S, Liu W. Optimisation of Novozym-435-catalysed esterification of fatty acid mixture for the preparation of medium- and long-chain triglycerides (MLCT) in solvent-free medium. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhou Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Lianhua Rd Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Yanlan Bi
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Lianhua Rd Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Shangde Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Lianhua Rd Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Guolong Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Lianhua Rd Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Sumin Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Lianhua Rd Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering; Henan University of Technology; Lianhua Rd Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 China
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22
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Vossenberg P, Beeftink H, Nuijens T, Quaedflieg P, Cohen Stuart M, Tramper J. Dipeptide synthesis in near-anhydrous organic media: Long-term stability and reusability of immobilized Alcalase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Vossenberg P, Beeftink R, Stuart MC, Tramper H. Effect of enzyme dehydration on alcalase-catalyzed dipeptide synthesis in near-anhydrous organic media. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:870-5. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vossenberg
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University; 6700 EV Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Rik Beeftink
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University; 6700 EV Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Martien Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science; Wageningen University; 6700 EK Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Hans Tramper
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University; 6700 EV Wageningen The Netherlands
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24
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Optimization of reaction parameters for enzymatic glyceride synthesis from fish oil: Ethyl esters versus free fatty acids. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Rodríguez A, Esteban L, Martín L, Jiménez MJ, Hita E, Castillo B, González PA, Robles A. Synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols and structured triacylglycerols rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzyme catalyzed reactions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hong SI, Kim Y, Yoon SW, Cho SY, Kim IH. Synthesis of CLA-enriched TAG byCandida antarcticalipase under vacuum. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Modeling and Optimization of Lipozyme RM IM-Catalyzed Esterification of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacyglycerols (MLCT) Using Response Surface Methodology. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muñío MDM, Robles A, Esteban L, González PA, Molina E. Synthesis of structured lipids by two enzymatic steps: Ethanolysis of fish oils and esterification of 2-monoacylglycerols. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Esteban L, Muñío MDM, Robles A, Hita E, Jiménez MJ, González PA, Camacho B, Molina E. Synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAG) by enzymatic alcoholysis of fish oils using different reactor types. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zarevúcka M, Wimmer Z. Plant products for pharmacology: application of enzymes in their transformations. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2447-2473. [PMID: 19330086 PMCID: PMC2635649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9122447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different plant products have been subjected to detailed investigations due to their increasing importance for improving human health. Plants are sources of many groups of natural products, of which large number of new compounds has already displayed their high impact in human medicine. This review deals with the natural products which may be found dissolved in lipid phase (phytosterols, vitamins etc.). Often subsequent convenient transformation of natural products may further improve the pharmacological properties of new potential medicaments based on natural products. To respect basic principles of sustainable and green procedures, enzymes are often employed as efficient natural catalysts in such plant product transformations. Transformations of lipids and other natural products under the conditions of enzyme catalysis show increasing importance in environmentally safe and sustainable production of pharmacologically important compounds. In this review, attention is focused on lipases, efficient and convenient biocatalysts for the enantio- and regioselective formation / hydrolysis of ester bond in a wide variety of both natural and unnatural substrates, including plant products, eg. plant oils and other natural lipid phase compounds. The application of enzymes for preparation of acylglycerols and transformation of other natural products provides big advantage in comparison with employing of conventional chemical methods: Increased selectivity, higher product purity and quality, energy conservation, elimination of heavy metal catalysts, and sustainability of the employed processes, which are catalyzed by enzymes. Two general procedures are used in the transformation of lipid-like natural products: (a) Hydrolysis/alcoholysis of triacylglycerols and (b) esterification of glycerol. The reactions can be performed under conventional conditions or in supercritical fluids/ionic liquids. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions in supercritical fluids combine the advantages of biocatalysts (substrate specificity under mild reaction conditions) and supercritical fluids (high mass-transfer rate, easy separation of reaction products from the solvent, environmental benefits based on excluding organic solvents from the production process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Zarevúcka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic. E-Mail:
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 – Krč, Czech Republic
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Muñío MDM, Esteban L, Robles A, Hita E, Jiménez MJ, González PA, Camacho B, Molina E. Synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids by ethanolysis of fish oil catalyzed by 1,3 specific lipases. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lipase catalyzed production of monoacylglycerols by the esterification of fish oil fatty acids with glycerol. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu S, Zhang C, Hong P, Ji H. Lipase-catalysed acylglycerol synthesis of glycerol and n−3 PUFA from tuna oil: Optimisation of process parameters. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fajardo AR, Cerdán LE, Medina AR, Martínez MMM, Peña EH, Grima EM. Concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid by selective esterification using lipases. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-1196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ramírez Fajardo
- ; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Almería; Alméria 04120 Spain
| | - L. Esteban Cerdán
- ; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Almería; Alméria 04120 Spain
| | - A. Robles Medina
- ; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Almería; Alméria 04120 Spain
| | - M. M. Muñío Martínez
- ; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Almería; Alméria 04120 Spain
| | - E. Hita Peña
- ; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Almería; Alméria 04120 Spain
| | - E. Molina Grima
- ; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Almería; Alméria 04120 Spain
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Linder M, Fanni J, Parmentier M. Proteolytic extraction of salmon oil and PUFA concentration by lipases. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:70-76. [PMID: 15759086 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-0149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 07/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Commercial proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme) were tested for their ability to release the oil content of marine by-products (salmon heads). The amount of oil (17%) obtained after 2 hours was close to that obtained by the chemical extraction method (20%). Lipolysis of the oil was carried out with Novozym SP398 to obtain a mixture of free fatty acids and acylglycerols (24 hours 45% hydrolysis). The mixture was filtered on a hydrophobic membrane to discriminate between high melting saturated fatty acids and low melting acylglycerols. The sum of total polyunsaturated fatty acids increased from 41.6% in the crude oil to 46.5% in the permeate. The docosahexaenoic acid content increased from 9.9% to 11.6%, and the eicosapentaenoic acid changed from 3.6% to 5.6%. Data from differential scanning calorimetry DSC and from thin layer chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) differed significantly between permeate and retentate. A re-esterification of the free fatty acids in the permeate with Lipozyme IM was carried out to increase the amount of long chain acylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Linder
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie et Génie Alimentaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires (ENSAIA), 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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Linder M, Kochanowski N, Fanni J, Parmentier M. Response surface optimisation of lipase-catalysed esterification of glycerol and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from salmon oil. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Páez B, Medina A, Rubio F, Moreno P, Grima E. Modeling the effect of free water on enzyme activity in immobilized lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Production of structured triglycerides rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the acidolysis of cod liver oil and caprylic acid in a packed-bed reactor: equilibrium and kinetics. Chem Eng Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fontes N, Partridge J, Halling PJ, Barreiros S. Zeolite molecular sieves have dramatic acid-base effects on enzymes in nonaqueous media. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77:296-305. [PMID: 11753938 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zeolite molecular sieves very commonly are used as in situ drying agents in reaction mixtures of enzymes in nonaqueous media. They often affect enzyme behavior, and this has been interpreted in terms of altered hydration. Here, we show that zeolites can also have dramatic acid-base effects on enzymes in low water media, resulting from their cation-exchange ability. Initial rates of transesterification catalyzed by cross-linked crystals of subtilisin were compared in supercritical ethane, hexane, and acetonitrile with water activity fixed by pre-equilibration. Addition of zeolite NaA (4 A powder) still caused remarkable rate enhancements (up to 20-fold), despite the separate control of hydration. In the presence of excess of an alternative solid-state acid-base buffer, however, zeolite addition had no effect. The more commonly used Merck molecular sieves (type 3 A beads) had similar but somewhat smaller effects. All zeolites have ion-exchange ability and can exchange H+ for cations such as Na+ and K+. These exchanges will tend to affect the protonation state of acidic groups in the protein and, hence, enzymatic activity. Zeolites pre-equilibrated in aqueous suspensions of varying pH-pNa gave very different enzyme activities. Their differing basicities were demonstrated directly by equilibration with an indicator dissolved in toluene. The potential of zeolites as acid-base buffers for low-water media is discussed, and their ability to overcome pH memory is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Fontes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apt. 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol and polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish and microalgae oils. J Biotechnol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol and polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish and microalgae oils. PROGRESS IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6352(99)80131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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