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Hu Y, Liu Y, Wei JJ, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Regulation of seed traits in soybean. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:372-385. [PMID: 38106437 PMCID: PMC10721594 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an essential economic crop that provides vegetative oil and protein for humans, worldwide. Increasing soybean yield as well as improving seed quality is of great importance. Seed weight/size, oil and protein content are the three major traits determining seed quality, and seed weight also influences soybean yield. In recent years, the availability of soybean omics data and the development of related techniques have paved the way for better research on soybean functional genomics, providing a comprehensive understanding of gene functions. This review summarizes the regulatory genes that influence seed size/weight, oil content and protein content in soybean. We also provided a general overview of the pleiotropic effect for the genes in controlling seed traits and environmental stresses. Ultimately, it is expected that this review will be beneficial in breeding improved traits in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jun-Jie Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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2
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Madhawan A, Bhunia RK, Kumar P, Sharma V, Sinha K, Fandade V, Rahim MS, Parveen A, Mishra A, Roy J. Interaction between long noncoding RNA (lnc663) and microRNA (miR1128) regulates PDAT-like gene activity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108040. [PMID: 37738867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Amylose, a starch subcomponent, can bind lipids within its helical groove and form an amylose-lipid complex, known as resistant starch type 5 (RS-5). RS contributes to lower glycaemic index of grain with health benefits. Unfortunately, genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in wheat grain remain elusive. Our study aims to characterize the lipid biosynthesis gene and its post-transcriptional regulation using the parent bread wheat variety 'C 306' and its EMS-induced mutant line 'TAC 75' varying in amylose content. Quantitative analyses of starch-bound lipids showed that 'TAC 75' has significantly higher lipid content in grains than 'C 306' variety. Furthermore, expression analyses revealed the higher expression of wheat phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase-like (PDAT-like) in the 'TAC 75' compared to the 'C 306'. Overexpression and ectopic expression of TaPDAT in yeast and tobacco leaf confirmed its ability to accumulate lipids in vivo. Enzyme activity assay showed that TaPDAT catalyzes the triacylglycerol synthesis by acylating 1,2-diacylglycerol. Interestingly, the long non-coding RNA, lnc663, was upregulated with the TaPDAT gene, while the miRNA, miR1128, downregulated in the 'TAC 75', indicating a regulatory relationship. The GFP reporter assay confirmed that the lnc663 acts as a positive regulator, and the miR1128 as a negative regulator of the TaPDAT gene, which controls lipid accumulation in wheat grain. Our findings outline TaPDAT-mediated biosynthesis of lipid accumulation and reveal the molecular mechanism of the lnc663 and miR1128 mediated regulation of the TaPDAT gene in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Madhawan
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Plant Biotechnology Department, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Vinita Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikas Fandade
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Afsana Parveen
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Ankita Mishra
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Joy Roy
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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Han L, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Xu Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Luo J, Zhang Q. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3(DGAT3) Is Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetative Organs of Paeonia rockii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214390. [PMID: 36430868 PMCID: PMC9692848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
'Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)' acts as a key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). The study was to characterize the function of the DGAT3 gene in Paeonia rockii, which is known for its accumulation of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). We identified a DGAT3 gene which encodes a soluble protein that is located within the chloroplasts of P. rockii. Functional complementarity experiments in yeast demonstrated that PrDGAT3 restored TAG synthesis. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3) are essential unsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. Through the yeast lipotoxicity test, we found that the yeast cell density was largely increased by adding exogenous LA and, especially, ALA to the yeast medium. Further ectopic transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that PrDGAT3 significantly enhanced the accumulation of the TAG and UFAs. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in the total fatty acid content and in several major fatty acids in PrDGAT3-silenced tree peony leaves. Overall, PrDGAT3 is important in catalyzing TAG synthesis, with a substrate preference for UFAs, especially LA and ALA. These results suggest that PrDGAT3 may have practical applications in improving plant lipid nutrition and increasing oil production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Han
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiangrui Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuguang Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Man Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8708-2878; Fax: +86-29-8708-0269
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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Lu L, Wei W, Li QT, Bian XH, Lu X, Hu Y, Cheng T, Wang ZY, Jin M, Tao JJ, Yin CC, He SJ, Man WQ, Li W, Lai YC, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Zhang JS. A transcriptional regulatory module controls lipid accumulation in soybean. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:661-678. [PMID: 33864683 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important oilseed crops. However, the regulatory mechanism that governs the process of oil accumulation in soybean remains poorly understood. In this study, GmZF392, a tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZF) protein which was identified in our previous RNA-seq analysis of seed-preferred transcription factors, was found to function as a positive regulator of lipid production. GmZF392 promotes seed oil accumulation in both transgenic Arabidopsis and stable transgenic soybean plants by binding to a bipartite cis-element, containing TG- and TA-rich sequences, in promoter regions, activating the expression of genes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway. GmZF392 physically interacts with GmZF351, our previously identified transcriptional regulator of lipid biosynthesis, to synergistically promote downstream gene expression. Both GmZF392 and GmZF351 are further upregulated by GmNFYA, another transcription factor involved in lipid biosynthesis, directly (in the former case) and indirectly (in the latter case). Promoter sequence diversity analysis showed that the GmZF392 promoter may have been selected at the origin of the Glycine genus and further mildly selected during domestication from wild soybeans to cultivated soybeans. Our study reveals a regulatory module containing three transcription factors in the lipid biosynthesis pathway, and manipulation of the module may improve oil production in soybean and other oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Bian
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhou-Ya Wang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Jin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei-Qun Man
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Farming and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yong-Cai Lai
- Institute of Farming and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Meng JS, Tang YH, Sun J, Zhao DQ, Zhang KL, Tao J. Identification of genes associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony 'Hangshao' (Paeonia lactiflora 'Hangshao') seeds based on transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:94. [PMID: 33522906 PMCID: PMC7849092 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ is widely cultivated in China as a traditional Chinese medicine ‘Radix Paeoniae Alba’. Due to the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed, it can also be regarded as a new oilseed plant. However, the process of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in it has remained unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis is helpful to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Five main fatty acids were detected, including stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, and their absolute contents first increased and then decreased during seed development. A total of 150,156 unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. There were 15,005 unigenes annotated in the seven functional databases, including NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, Swiss-Prot and InterPro. Based on the KEGG database, 1766 unigenes were annotated in the lipid metabolism. There were 4635, 12,304, and 18,291 DEGs in Group I (60 vs 30 DAF), Group II (90 vs 60 DAF) and Group III (90 vs 30 DAF), respectively. A total of 1480 DEGs were detected in the intersection of the three groups. In 14 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism, 503 DEGs were found, belonging to 111 enzymes. We screened out 123 DEGs involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (39 DEGs), fatty acid elongation (33 DEGs), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (24 DEGs), TAG assembly (17 DEGs) and lipid storage (10 DEGs). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of 16 genes, including BBCP, BC, MCAT, KASIII, KASII, FATA, FATB, KCR, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAD7, GPAT, DGAT, OLE and CLO, most of which showed the highest expression at 45 DAF, except for DGAT, OLE and CLO, which showed the highest expression at 75 DAF. Conclusions We predicted that MCAT, KASIII, FATA, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, DGAT and OLE were the key genes in the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony seed. This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing herbaceous peony seed gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation for herbaceous peony. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07339-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Song Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Han Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Qiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke-Liang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Yao Y, You Q, Duan G, Ren J, Chu S, Zhao J, Li X, Zhou X, Jiao Y. Quantitative trait loci analysis of seed oil content and composition of wild and cultivated soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:51. [PMID: 32005156 PMCID: PMC6995124 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean oil is a major source of edible oil, and the domestication of wild soybean has resulted in significant changes in oil content and composition. Extensive efforts have been made to identify genetic loci that are related to soybean oil traits. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to soybean seed oil and compare the fatty acid composition between wild and cultivated soybean. RESULTS Using the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method, a total of 181 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between wild soybean ZYD00463 (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean WDD01514 (Glycine max) were genotyped. Finally, a high-density genetic linkage map comprising 11,398 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on 20 linkage groups (LGs) was constructed. Twenty-four stable QTLs for seed oil content and composition were identified by model-based composite interval mapping (CIM) across multiple environments. Among these QTLs, 23 overlapped with or were adjacent to previously reported QTLs. One QTL, qPA10_1 (5.94-9.98 Mb) on Chr. Ten is a novel locus for palmitic acid. In the intervals of stable QTLs, some interesting genes involved in lipid metabolism were detected. CONCLUSIONS We developed 181 RILs from a cross between wild soybean ZYD00463 and cultivated soybean WDD01514 and constructed a high-density genetic map using the SLAF-seq method. We identified 24 stable QTLs for seed oil content and compositions, which includes qPA10_1 on Chr. 10, a novel locus for palmitic acid. Some interesting genes in the QTL regions were also detected. Our study will provide useful information for scientists to learn about genetic variations in lipid metabolism between wild and cultivated soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yao
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qingbo You
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Guozhan Duan
- Soybean Research Laboratory, Xuchang Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Soybean Research Laboratory, Xuchang Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junqing Zhao
- Soybean Research Laboratory, Xuchang Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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8
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Wang L, Ruan C, Liu L, Du W, Bao A. Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis of High- and Low-Oil Yellow Horn During Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103071. [PMID: 30297676 PMCID: PMC6212864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is an endemic oil-rich shrub that has been widely cultivated in northern China for bioactive oil production. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to oil content in yellow horn. Herein, we measured the oil contents of high- and low-oil yellow horn embryo tissues at four developmental stages and investigated the global gene expression profiles through RNA-seq. The results found that at 40, 54, 68, and 81 days after anthesis, a total of 762, 664, 599, and 124 genes, respectively, were significantly differentially expressed between the high- and low-oil lines. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed some critical GO terms related to oil accumulation, including acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase activity, pyruvate kinase activity, acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, and seed oil body biogenesis. The identified differentially expressed genes also included several transcription factors, such as, AP2-EREBP family members, B3 domain proteins and C2C2-Dof proteins. Several genes involved in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were also up-regulated in the high-oil line at different developmental stages. Our findings indicate that the higher oil accumulation in high-oil yellow horn could be mostly driven by increased FA biosynthesis and carbon supply, i.e. a source effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Lingyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Aomin Bao
- Institute of economic forest, Tongliao Academy of Forestry Science and Technology, Tongliao 028000, China.
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9
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Wong YC, Teh HF, Mebus K, Ooi TEK, Kwong QB, Koo KL, Ong CK, Mayes S, Chew FT, Appleton DR, Kulaveerasingam H. Differential gene expression at different stages of mesocarp development in high- and low-yielding oil palm. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:470. [PMID: 28637447 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3855-3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oil yield trait of oil palm is expected to involve multiple genes, environmental influences and interactions. Many of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to oil yield are still poorly understood. In this study, we used a microarray approach to study the gene expression profiles of mesocarp tissue at different developmental stages, comparing genetically related high- and low- oil yielding palms to identify genes that contributed to the higher oil-yielding palm and might contribute to the wider genetic improvement of oil palm breeding populations. RESULTS A total of 3412 (2001 annotated) gene candidates were found to be significantly differentially expressed between high- and low-yielding palms at at least one of the different stages of mesocarp development evaluated. Gene Ontologies (GO) enrichment analysis identified 28 significantly enriched GO terms, including regulation of transcription, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic processes. These differentially expressed genes comprise several transcription factors, such as, bHLH, Dof zinc finger proteins and MADS box proteins. Several genes involved in glycolysis, TCA, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were also found up-regulated in high-yielding oil palm, among them; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component Subunit Beta (PDH), ATP-citrate lyase, β- ketoacyl-ACP synthases I (KAS I), β- ketoacyl-ACP synthases III (KAS III) and ketoacyl-ACP reductase (KAR). Sucrose metabolism-related genes such as Invertase, Sucrose Synthase 2 and Sucrose Phosphatase 2 were found to be down-regulated in high-yielding oil palms, compared to the lower yield palms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a higher carbon flux (channeled through down-regulation of the Sucrose Synthase 2 pathway) was being utilized by up-regulated genes involved in glycolysis, TCA and fatty acid biosynthesis leading to enhanced oil production in the high-yielding oil palm. These findings are an important stepping stone to understand the processes that lead to production of high-yielding oil palms and have implications for breeding to maximize oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick Ching Wong
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Huey Fang Teh
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Katharina Mebus
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Level 3, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Research Management & Innovation Comlex, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tony Eng Keong Ooi
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Bin Kwong
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka Loo Koo
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuang Kee Ong
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Welcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sean Mayes
- Plant and Crop Sciences, Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, off Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - David R Appleton
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harikrishna Kulaveerasingam
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Wong YC, Teh HF, Mebus K, Ooi TEK, Kwong QB, Koo KL, Ong CK, Mayes S, Chew FT, Appleton DR, Kulaveerasingam H. Differential gene expression at different stages of mesocarp development in high- and low-yielding oil palm. BMC Genomics 2017. [PMID: 28637447 PMCID: PMC5480177 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oil yield trait of oil palm is expected to involve multiple genes, environmental influences and interactions. Many of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to oil yield are still poorly understood. In this study, we used a microarray approach to study the gene expression profiles of mesocarp tissue at different developmental stages, comparing genetically related high- and low- oil yielding palms to identify genes that contributed to the higher oil-yielding palm and might contribute to the wider genetic improvement of oil palm breeding populations. Results A total of 3412 (2001 annotated) gene candidates were found to be significantly differentially expressed between high- and low-yielding palms at at least one of the different stages of mesocarp development evaluated. Gene Ontologies (GO) enrichment analysis identified 28 significantly enriched GO terms, including regulation of transcription, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic processes. These differentially expressed genes comprise several transcription factors, such as, bHLH, Dof zinc finger proteins and MADS box proteins. Several genes involved in glycolysis, TCA, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were also found up-regulated in high-yielding oil palm, among them; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component Subunit Beta (PDH), ATP-citrate lyase, β- ketoacyl-ACP synthases I (KAS I), β- ketoacyl-ACP synthases III (KAS III) and ketoacyl-ACP reductase (KAR). Sucrose metabolism-related genes such as Invertase, Sucrose Synthase 2 and Sucrose Phosphatase 2 were found to be down-regulated in high-yielding oil palms, compared to the lower yield palms. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a higher carbon flux (channeled through down-regulation of the Sucrose Synthase 2 pathway) was being utilized by up-regulated genes involved in glycolysis, TCA and fatty acid biosynthesis leading to enhanced oil production in the high-yielding oil palm. These findings are an important stepping stone to understand the processes that lead to production of high-yielding oil palms and have implications for breeding to maximize oil production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3855-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick Ching Wong
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Huey Fang Teh
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Katharina Mebus
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Level 3, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Research Management & Innovation Comlex, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tony Eng Keong Ooi
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Bin Kwong
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka Loo Koo
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuang Kee Ong
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Welcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sean Mayes
- Plant and Crop Sciences, Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, off Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - David R Appleton
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harikrishna Kulaveerasingam
- Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, 1st Floor, Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Guo X, Fan C, Chen Y, Wang J, Yin W, Wang RRC, Hu Z. Identification and characterization of an efficient acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene from the microalga Chlorella ellipsoidea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:48. [PMID: 28222675 PMCID: PMC5319178 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is quantitatively the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is considered the rate-limiting enzyme for TAG accumulation. Chlorella, a unicellular eukaryotic green alga, has attracted much attention as a potential feedstock for renewable energy production. However, the function of DGAT1 in Chlorella has not been reported. RESULTS A full-length cDNA encoding a putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1, EC 2.3.1.20) was obtained from Chlorella ellipsoidea. The 2,142 bp open reading frame of this cDNA, designated CeDGAT1, encodes a protein of 713 amino acids showing no more than 40% identity with DGAT1s of higher plants. Transcript analysis showed that the expression level of CeDGAT1 markedly increased under nitrogen starvation, which led to significant triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. CeDGAT1 activity was confirmed in the yeast quadruple mutant strain H1246 by restoring its ability to produce TAG. Upon expression of CeDGAT1, the total fatty acid content in wild-type yeast (INVSc1) increased by 142%, significantly higher than that transformed with DGAT1s from higher plants, including even the oil crop soybean. The over-expression of CeDGAT1 under the NOS promoter in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus var. Westar significantly increased the oil content by 8-37% and 12-18% and the average 1,000-seed weight by 9-15% and 6-29%, respectively, but did not alter the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. The net increase in the 1,000-seed total lipid content was up to 25-50% in both transgenic Arabidopsis and B. napus. CONCLUSIONS We identified a gene encoding DGAT1 in C. ellipsoidea and confirmed that it plays an important role in TAG accumulation. This is the first functional analysis of DGAT1 in Chlorella. This information is important for understanding lipid synthesis and accumulation in Chlorella and for genetic engineering to enhance oil production in microalgae and oil plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Guo
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jingqiao Wang
- Institute of Economical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural Academy, Kunming, 65023 China
| | - Weibo Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Richard R. C. Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-6300 USA
| | - Zanmin Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Present address: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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12
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13
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Turchetto-Zolet AC, Christoff AP, Kulcheski FR, Loss-Morais G, Margis R, Margis-Pinheiro M. Diversity and evolution of plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGATs) unveiled by phylogenetic, gene structure and expression analyses. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:524-538. [PMID: 27706370 PMCID: PMC5127155 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) gene was
characterized in plants, a number of studies have focused on understanding the role
of DGAT activity in plant triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis.
DGAT enzyme is essential in controlling TAGs synthesis and is
encoded by different genes. DGAT1 and DGAT2 are the
two major types of DGATs and have been well characterized in many
plants. On the other hand, the DGAT3 and WS/DGAT
have received less attention. In this study, we present the first general view of the
presence of putative DGAT3 and
WS/DGAT in several plant species and report on
the diversity and evolution of these genes and its relationships with the two main
DGAT genes (DGAT1 and DGAT2).
According to our analyses DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and
WS/DGAT are very divergent genes and may have
distinct origin in plants. They also present divergent expression patterns in
different organs and tissues. The maintenance of several types of genes encoding DGAT
enzymes in plants demonstrates the importance of DGAT activity for TAG biosynthesis.
Evolutionary history studies of DGATs coupled with their expression patterns help us
to decipher their functional role in plants, helping to drive future biotechnological
studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Carina Turchetto-Zolet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Christoff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franceli Rodrigues Kulcheski
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loss-Morais
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática (LABINFO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Margis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Li Q, Hu L, Guo J, Yang T, Chen L. Molecular characterization of two type I acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes in maize. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1157036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Li
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| | - Lizong Hu
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Guo
- Key Laboratory constructed by Ministry of Education and Hebei province, Hebei sub-center for National Maize Improvement Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
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Arroyo-Caro JM, Mañas-Fernández A, Alonso DL, García-Maroto F. Type I Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (MtDGAT1) from Macadamia tetraphylla: Cloning, Characterization, and Impact of Its Heterologous Expression on Triacylglycerol Composition in Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:277-285. [PMID: 26666454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyltransferase enzymes have been reported as useful biotechnological tools in order to increase oil yield and modify fatty acid composition. Macadamia species are able to accumulate unusually high levels of palmitoleic acid that besides oleic acid amounts to over 80% of monounsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil. In this work, a gene encoding a type 1 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) was cloned from M. tetraphylla. DGAT activity of the protein encoded by MtDGAT1 was confirmed by heterologous expression in a yeast mutant. Fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols synthesized by MtDGAT1 was compared to that of DGAT1 enzymes from Arabidopsis and Echium, with the results suggesting a substrate preference for monounsaturated over polyunsaturated fatty acids. Characteristics of MtDGAT1 may contribute to biochemical mechanisms determining the particular fatty acid composition of Macadamia oil and also indicate the possibility of using this enzyme in biotechnological approaches where a reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Arroyo-Caro
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Aurora Mañas-Fernández
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Diego López Alonso
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Federico García-Maroto
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
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Lin R, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F, Orf JH, Gibson SI. Identification of differentially expressed genes between developing seeds of different soybean cultivars. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 6:92-8. [PMID: 26697344 PMCID: PMC4664686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a major source of protein and oil and a primary feedstock for biodiesel production. Research on soybean seed composition and yield has revealed that protein, oil and yield are controlled quantitatively and quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for each of these traits. However, very limited information is available regarding the genetic mechanisms controlling seed composition and yield. To help address this deficiency, we used Affymetrix Soybean GeneChips® to identify genes that are differentially expressed between developing seeds of the Minsoy and Archer soybean cultivars, which differ in seed weight, yield, protein content and oil content. A total of 700 probe sets were found to be expressed at significantly different (defined as having an adjusted p-value below or equal to 0.05 and an at least 2-fold difference) levels between the two cultivars at one or more of the three developmental stages and in at least one of the two years assayed. Comparison of data from soybeans collected in two different years revealed that 97 probe sets were expressed at significantly different levels in both years. Functional annotations were assigned to 78% of these 97 probe sets based on the SoyBase Affymetrix™ GeneChip® Soybean Genome Array Annotation. Genes involved in receptor binding/activity and protein binding are overrepresented among the group of 97 probe sets that were differentially expressed in both years assayed. Probe sets involved in growth/development, signal transduction, transcription, defense/stress response and protein and lipid metabolism were also identified among the 97 probe sets and their possible implications in the regulation of agronomic traits are discussed. As the Minsoy and Archer soybean cultivars differ with respect to seed size, yield, protein content and lipid content, some of the differentially expressed probe sets identified in this study may thus play important roles in controlling these traits. Others of these probe sets may be involved in regulation of general seed development or metabolism. All microarray data and expression values after GCRMA are available at the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), under accession number GSE21598.
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Key Words
- Composition
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GCRMA, Guanine Cytosine Robust Multi-Array analysis
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HY, high yield
- LY, low yield
- QTL, quantitative trait locus
- RCB, randomized complete block
- RIL, recombinant inbred line
- Seed
- Soybean
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- Transcriptional profiling
- Yield
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshuang Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jane Glazebrook
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - James H. Orf
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Susan I. Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Corresponding author.
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McKeon TA, He X. Castor diacylglycerol acyltransferase type 1 (DGAT1) displays greater activity with diricinolein than Arabidopsis DGAT1. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Song QX, Li QT, Liu YF, Zhang FX, Ma B, Zhang WK, Man WQ, Du WG, Wang GD, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Soybean GmbZIP123 gene enhances lipid content in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4329-41. [PMID: 23963672 PMCID: PMC3808315 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of most important oil crops and a significant increase in lipid content in soybean seeds would facilitate vegetable oil production in the world. Although the pathways for lipid biosynthesis in higher plants have been uncovered, our understanding of regulatory mechanism controlling lipid accumulation is still limited. In this study, we identified 87 transcription factor genes with a higher abundance at the stage of lipid accumulation in soybean seeds. One of these genes, GmbZIP123, was selected to further study its function in regulation of lipid accumulation. Overexpression of GmbZIP123 enhanced lipid content in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The GmbZIP123 transgene promoted expression of two sucrose transporter genes (SUC1 and SUC5) and three cell-wall invertase genes (cwINV1, cwINV3, and cwINV6) by binding directly to the promoters of these genes. Consistently, the cell-wall invertase activity and sugar translocation were all enhanced in siliques of GmbZIP123 transgenic plants. Higher levels of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were also found in seeds of GmbZIP123 transgenic plants. These results suggest that GmbZIP123 may participate in regulation of lipid accumulation in soybean seeds by controlling sugar transport into seeds from photoautotrophic tissues. This study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanism for lipid accumulation in seeds and may facilitate improvements in oil production in soybean and other oil crops through genetic manipulation of the GmbZIP123 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xin Song
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Feng-Xia Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Wei-Qun Man
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Wei-Guang Du
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Li M, Zhao M, Wu H, Wu W, Xu Y. Cloning, characterization and functional analysis of two type 1 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1s) from Tetraena mongolica. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:490-503. [PMID: 23480422 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two cDNAs encoding putative type 1 acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1, EC 2.3.1.20), were cloned from Tetraena mongolica, an extreme xerophyte with high oil content in the stems. The 1 488-bp and 1 485-bp of the open reading frame (ORF) of the two cDNAs, designated as TmDGAT1a and TmDGAT1b, were both predicted to encode proteins of 495 and 494 amino acids, respectively. Southern blot analysis revealed that TmDGAT1a and TmDGAT1b both had low copy numbers in the T. mongolica genome. In addition to ubiquitous expression with different intensity in different tissues, including stems, leaves and roots, TmDGAT1a and TmDGAT1b, were found to be strongly induced by high salinity, drought and osmotic stress, resulting in a remarkable increase of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in T. mongolica plantlets. TmDGAT1a and TmDGAT1b activities were confirmed in the yeast H1246 quadruple mutant (DGA1, LRO1, ARE1, ARE2) by restoring DGAT activity of the mutant host to produce TAG. Overexpression of TmDGAT1a and TmDGAT1b in soybean hairy roots as well as in T. mongolica calli both resulted in an increase in oil content (ranging from 37% to 108%), accompanied by altered fatty acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Misra N, Panda PK. In search of actionable targets for agrigenomics and microalgal biofuel production: sequence-structural diversity studies on algal and higher plants with a focus on GPAT protein. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:173-86. [PMID: 23496307 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The triacylglycerol (TAG) pathway provides several targets for genetic engineering to optimize microalgal lipid productivity. GPAT (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of TAG biosynthesis. Despite many recent biochemical studies, a comprehensive sequence-structure analysis of GPAT across diverse lipid-yielding organisms is lacking. Hence, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of plastid-located GPAT proteins from 7 microalgae and 3 higher plants species. The close evolutionary relationship observed between red algae/diatoms and green algae/plant lineages in the phylogenetic tree were further corroborated by motif and gene structure analysis. The predicted molecular weight, amino acid composition, Instability Index, and hydropathicity profile gave an overall representation of the biochemical features of GPAT protein across the species under study. Furthermore, homology models of GPAT from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Glycine max provided deep insights into the protein architecture and substrate binding sites. Despite low sequence identity found between algal and plant GPATs, the developed models exhibited strikingly conserved topology consisting of 14α helices and 9β sheets arranged in two domains. However, subtle variations in amino acids of fatty acyl binding site were identified that might influence the substrate selectivity of GPAT. Together, the results will provide useful resources to understand the functional and evolutionary relationship of GPAT and potentially benefit in development of engineered enzyme for augmenting algal biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Misra
- Bioresources Engineering Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Odisha, India
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Li R, Hatanaka T, Yu K, Wu Y, Fukushige H, Hildebrand D. Soybean oil biosynthesis: role of diacylglycerol acyltransferases. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 13:99-113. [PMID: 23322364 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-012-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol to form seed oil triacylglycerol (TAG). To understand the features of genes encoding soybean (Glycine max) DGATs and possible roles in soybean seed oil synthesis and accumulation, two full-length cDNAs encoding type 1 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (GmDGAT1A and GmDGAT1B) were cloned from developing soybean seeds. These coding sequences share identities of 94 % and 95 % in protein and DNA sequences. The genomic architectures of GmDGAT1A and GmDGAT1B both contain 15 introns and 16 exons. Differences in the lengths of the first exon and most of the introns were found between GmDGAT1A and GmDGAT1B genomic sequences. Furthermore, detailed in silico analysis revealed a third predicted DGAT1, GmDGAT1C. GmDGAT1A and GmDGAT1B were found to have similar activity levels and substrate specificities. Oleoyl-CoA and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol were preferred substrates over vernoloyl-CoA and sn-1,2-divernoloylglycerol. Both transcripts are much more abundant in developing seeds than in other tissues including leaves, stem, roots, and flowers. Both soybean DGAT1A and DGAT1B are highly expressed at developing seed stages of maximal TAG accumulation with DGAT1B showing highest expression at somewhat later stages than DGAT1A. DGAT1A and DGAT1B show expression profiles consistent with important roles in soybean seed oil biosynthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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22
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Turchetto-Zolet AC, Maraschin FS, de Morais GL, Cagliari A, Andrade CMB, Margis-Pinheiro M, Margis R. Evolutionary view of acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), a key enzyme in neutral lipid biosynthesis. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:263. [PMID: 21933415 PMCID: PMC3185287 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triacylglycerides (TAGs) are a class of neutral lipids that represent the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. DGAT (acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.20) is a transmembrane enzyme that acts in the final and committed step of TAG synthesis, and it has been proposed to be the rate-limiting enzyme in plant storage lipid accumulation. In fact, two different enzymes identified in several eukaryotic species, DGAT1 and DGAT2, are the main enzymes responsible for TAG synthesis. These enzymes do not share high DNA or protein sequence similarities, and it has been suggested that they play non-redundant roles in different tissues and in some species in TAG synthesis. Despite a number of previous studies on the DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes, which have emphasized their importance as potential obesity treatment targets to increase triacylglycerol accumulation, little is known about their evolutionary timeline in eukaryotes. The goal of this study was to examine the evolutionary relationship of the DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes across eukaryotic organisms in order to infer their origin. Results We have conducted a broad survey of fully sequenced genomes, including representatives of Amoebozoa, yeasts, fungi, algae, musses, plants, vertebrate and invertebrate species, for the presence of DGAT1 and DGAT2 gene homologs. We found that the DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes are nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes and are readily identifiable in all the major eukaryotic groups and genomes examined. Phylogenetic analyses of the DGAT1 and DGAT2 amino acid sequences revealed evolutionary partitioning of the DGAT protein family into two major DGAT1 and DGAT2 clades. Protein secondary structure and hydrophobic-transmembrane analysis also showed differences between these enzymes. The analysis also revealed that the MGAT2 and AWAT genes may have arisen from DGAT2 duplication events. Conclusions In this study, we identified several DGAT1 and DGAT2 homologs in eukaryote taxa. Overall, the data show that DGAT1 and DGAT2 are present in most eukaryotic organisms and belong to two different gene families. The phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses revealed that DGAT1 and DGAT2 evolved separately, with functional convergence, despite their wide molecular and structural divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C Turchetto-Zolet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Wilson RF, Hildebrand DF. Engineering Status, Challenges and Advantages of Oil Crops. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Mañas-Fernández A, Vilches-Ferrón M, Garrido-Cárdenas JA, Belarbi EH, Alonso DL, García-Maroto F. Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) Gene from Echium. Lipids 2009; 44:555-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Hatanaka T, Yu K, Li R, Hildebrand D. Accumulation of Epoxy Fatty Acids in Plant Oils. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420077070.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Wang HW, Zhang B, Hao YJ, Huang J, Tian AG, Liao Y, Zhang JS, Chen SY. The soybean Dof-type transcription factor genes, GmDof4 and GmDof11, enhance lipid content in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 52:716-29. [PMID: 17877700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important leguminous seed crops among the oil crops. Although the pathways for lipid biosynthesis have been identified, the factors that regulate the biosynthetic pathways at the transcriptional level are largely unknown. Here, we report our findings on the involvement of soybean Dof-type transcription factor genes in the regulation of the lipid content in soybean seeds. We identified 28 Dof-type transcription factor genes in soybean plants, and these genes displayed diverse patterns of expression in various organs. Seven flower/pod-specific genes and one constitutively expressed gene were further investigated. The proteins encoded by these seven genes were localized in the nucleus, and exhibited different abilities for transcriptional activation and DNA binding. Two genes, GmDof4 and GmDof11, were found to increase the content of total fatty acids and lipids in GmDof4 and GmDof11 transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. We also found that the 1000-seed weight was increased in the GmDof4 and GmDof11 transgenic plants. Using microarray and DNA binding analysis, we found that the two Dof-like proteins, GmDof4 and GmDof11, activated the acetyl CoA carboxylase gene and long-chain-acyl CoA synthetase gene, respectively, by direct binding to the cis-DNA elements in their promoter regions. In addition, both proteins downregulated the storage protein gene, CRA1, through direct binding. These results suggest that the two GmDof genes may augment the lipid content of soybean seeds by upregulating genes that are associated with the biosynthesis of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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27
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Abstract
Many plants deposit TAG in seeds and fruits as the major form of storage lipid. TAG production is of tremendous socioeconomic value in food, nutraceutical, and industrial applications, and thus numerous conventional and molecular genetic strategies have been explored in attempts to increase TAG content and modify the FA composition of plant seed oils. Much research has focused on the acyl-CoA-dependent reaction catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is an integral endoplasmic reticulum protein and has also been shown to be present in oil bodies and plastids. DGAT enzymes exhibit diverse biochemical properties among different plant species, many of which are summarized here. In addition to catalyzing a critical step in TAG biosynthesis, there is evidence that DGAT has roles in lipid metabolism associated with germination and leaf senescence. TAG can also be formed in plants via two different acyl-CoA-independent pathways, catalyzed by phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase and diacylglycerol transacylase. The current understanding of the terminal step in TAG formation in plants and the development of molecular genetic approaches aimed at altering TAG yield and FA composition of TAG are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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28
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Wang HW, Zhang JS, Gai JY, Chen SY. Cloning and comparative analysis of the gene encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase from wild type and cultivated soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 112:1086-97. [PMID: 16432735 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), as an important enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis, catalyzes the final acylation of the Kennedy pathway. In the present study, the GmDGAT gene was cloned from Glycine max by using AtDGAT as a query to search against the soybean EST database and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. Allelic genes were also isolated from 13 soybean accessions and the divergence of the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. The comparison reveals that although GmDGAT is a highly conserved protein, several differences of insertion/deletion were identified in the N-terminal region of the GmDGATs from various soybean accessions. In the C-terminal regions, a single amino acid mutation specific to both G. max and G. soja was also found. The GmDGAT genomic sequences were further cloned and the number and size of exons in the DGAT genomic sequence were very similar among different plant species, whereas the introns were more diverged. These results may have significance in elucidating the genetic diversity of the GmDGAT among the soybean subgenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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29
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Effect of alleles governing 16:0 concentration on glycerolipid composition in developing soybeans. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-001-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Byers SD, Laroche A, Smith KC, Weselake RJ. Factors enhancing diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in microsomes from cell-suspension cultures of oilseed rape. Lipids 1999; 34:1143-9. [PMID: 10606036 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-999-0465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several factors, including an unidentified endogenous component, were found to stimulate microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) from a microspore-derived cell-suspension culture of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Jet Neuf). At a concentration of 25 mM, MgSO4 and MgCl2 stimulated microsomal DGAT 25- and 10-fold, respectively. ATP and CoA at concentrations of 2 and 1 mM stimulated the enzyme 2.4- and 12-fold, respectively, although the effects were lessened in the presence of higher Mg2+ concentrations. Although microsomal DGAT activity was increased only slightly by the addition of exogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerol to the reaction mixture, it was increased substantially by the addition of exogenous phosphatidate. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate and other phospholipids tested did not have this stimulatory effect. DGAT activity did not decrease when microsomes were incubated with ATP in the presence of the cytosolic fraction. This fraction, however, contained a small organic compound(s) that stimulated microsomal DGAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Byers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Weselake RJ, Taylor DC. The study of storage lipid biosynthesis using microspore-derived cultures of oil seed rape. Prog Lipid Res 1999; 38:401-60. [PMID: 10793890 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(99)00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Weselake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
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