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Bolmanis E, Grigs O, Didrihsone E, Senkovs M, Nikolajeva V. Pilot-scale production of Bacillus subtilis MSCL 897 spore biomass and antifungal secondary metabolites in a low-cost medium. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:355-371. [PMID: 38607603 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacillus subtilis is a plant growth promoting bacterium (PGPB) that acts as a microbial fertilizer and biocontrol agent, providing benefits such as boosting crop productivity and improving nutrient content. It is able to produce secondary metabolites and endospores simultaneously, enhancing its ability to survive in unfavorable conditions and eliminate competing microorganisms. Optimizing cultivation methods to produce B. subtilis MSCL 897 spores on an industrial scale, requires a suitable medium, typically made from food industry by-products, and optimal temperature and pH levels to achieve high vegetative cell and spore densities with maximum productivity. RESULTS This research demonstrates successful pilot-scale (100 L bioreactor) production of a biocontrol agent B. subtilis with good spore yields (1.5 × 109 spores mL-1) and a high degree of sporulation (>80%) using a low-cost cultivation medium. Culture samples showed excellent antifungal activity (1.6-2.3 cm) against several phytopathogenic fungi. An improved methodology for inoculum preparation was investigated to ensure an optimal seed culture state prior to inoculation, promoting process batch-to-batch repeatability. Increasing the molasses concentration in the medium and operating the process in fed-batch mode with additional molasses feed, did not improve the overall spore yield, hence, process operation in batch mode with 10 g molasses L-1 is preferred. Results also showed that the product quality was not significantly impacted for up to 12 months of storage at room temperature. CONCLUSION An economically-feasible process for B. subtilis-based biocontrol agent production was successfully developed at the pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emils Bolmanis
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1-k1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Oskars Grigs
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia.
| | - Elina Didrihsone
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Maris Senkovs
- Bioefekts Ltd., Livzemes Street 30, Salaspils, 2169, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, 1004, Latvia
| | - Vizma Nikolajeva
- Bioefekts Ltd., Livzemes Street 30, Salaspils, 2169, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, 1004, Latvia
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2
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Tang Z, Cao X, Zhang H. Production of iturin A by Bacillus velezensis ND and its biological control characteristics. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:179-189. [PMID: 36515292 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis, as a biocontrol bacterium, possess a variety of biological functions and the capacity to control plant pathogens. Iturin A is a biosurfactant with broad-spectrum antifungal activity produced by fermentation of B. subtilis. In this study, the dynamic parameters of solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) of Bacillus velezensis ND were compared, and a method for producing iturin A with a yield of 12.46 g/kg utilizing SSF was proposed. It has significant advantages over SMF and has the highest yield of all previously reported studies. B. velezensis ND also contains protease activity, cellulase activity, iron-carrying activity, the ability to synthesis 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), fixation nitrogen, and degrade phosphorus. In cotton pot experiments, it can effectively increase cotton growth and minimize Verticillium wilt. This strain's superior fermentation efficiency, biological function, and biocontrol ability are sufficient to demonstrate its promise for the development and use of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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3
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Tang Z, Zhang H, Xiong J, Li Y, Luo W. Enhanced iturin a production in a two-compartment biofilm reactor by Bacillus velezensis ND. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1102786. [PMID: 36741766 PMCID: PMC9893019 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a two-compartment biofilm reactor was designed for iturin A production. The biofilm reactor consists of a stirred-tank fermentor containing exclusively suspended cells and a packing column where the biofilm is attached. Polyester fiber with sphere shape and rough surfaces was chosen as the carrier of biofilm in packing column. Batch, fed-batch, and repeated-batch fermentation using Bacillus velezensis ND in the biofilm reactor were studied. Compared to conventional suspended cell fermentations, the productivity of iturin A in batch and fed-batch biofilm fermentation were increased by 66.7% and 63.3%, respectively. Maximum itutin A concentration of 6.8 ± 0.1 g/L and productivity of 46.9 ± 0.2 mg/L/h were obtained in fed-batch biofilm fermentation. Repeated-batch fermentation showed high stability, with almost same profile as batch fermentation. After a step-wise temperature control strategy was introduced in the biofilm reactor, productivity of iturin A was increased by 131.9% compared to suspended cell reactor. This superior performance of biofilm reactor confirms that it has great potential in industrial production of iturin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,*Correspondence: Huili Zhang,
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Vlajkov V, Pajčin I, Loc M, Budakov D, Dodić J, Grahovac M, Grahovac J. The Effect of Cultivation Conditions on Antifungal and Maize Seed Germination Activity of Bacillus-Based Biocontrol Agent. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120797. [PMID: 36551004 PMCID: PMC9774550 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination is a global risk and a concerning problem threatening food safety. The biotechnological answer lies in the production of biocontrol agents that are effective against aflatoxins producers. In addition to their biocontrol effect, microbial-based products are recognized as efficient biosolutions for plant nutrition and growth promotion. The present study addresses the characterization of the representative of Phaseolus vulgaris rhizosphere microbiome, Bacillus sp. BioSol021, regarding plant growth promotion traits, including the activity of protease, cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase with the enzymatic activity index values 1.06, 2.04, 2.41, and 3.51, respectively. The potential for the wider commercialization of this kind of product is determined by the possibility of developing a scalable bioprocess solution suitable for technology transfer to an industrial scale. Therefore, the study addresses one of the most challenging steps in bioprocess development, including the production scale-up from the Erlenmeyer flask to the laboratory bioreactor. The results indicated the influence of the key bioprocess parameters on the dual mechanism of action of biocontrol effects against the aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus, as well on maize seed germination activity, pointing out the positive impact of high aeration intensity and agitation rate, resulting in inhibition zone diameters of 60 mm, a root length 96 mm, and a shoot length 27 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Vlajkov
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Ivana Pajčin
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marta Loc
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Budakov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dodić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mila Grahovac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (J.G.)
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5
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Enhanced Production of Iturin A-2 Generated from Bacillus velezensis T701 and the Antitumor Activity of Iturin A-2 against Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ahmed HFA, Seleiman MF, Al-Saif AM, Alshiekheid MA, Battaglia ML, Taha RS. Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2342. [PMID: 34834704 PMCID: PMC8623452 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma album, T. harzianum and T. viride, as well as the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole to control celery powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC, in vitro (against conidia germination and germ tube length of E. heraclei) and in vivo (against disease severity and AUDPC). In vitro, it was found that the antifungal activity of the tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the germination percentage of the conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen. The reduction in conidia germination ranged between 88.2% and 59.6% as a result of the treatment with B. subtilis and T. album, respectively compared with 97.1% by the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Moreover, the fungicide achieved the highest reduction in germ tube length (92.5%) followed by B. megaterium (82.0%), while T. album was the least effective (62.8%). Spraying celery plants with the tested biocontrol agents in the greenhouse significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of application. In this regard, B. subtilis was the most efficient followed by B. pumilus, S. marcescens and B. megaterium, with 80.1, 74.4, 73.2 and 70.5% reductions in disease severity, respectively. In AUDPC, reductions of those microorganisms were 285.3, 380.9, 396.7 and 431.8, respectively, compared to 1539.1 in the control treatment. On the other hand, the fungicide difenoconazole achieved maximum efficacy in reducing disease severity (84.7%) and lowest AUDPC (219.3) compared to the other treatments. In the field, all the applied biocontrol agents showed high efficiency in suppressing powdery mildew on celery plants, with a significant improvement in growth and yield characteristics. In addition, they caused an increase in the concentration of leaf pigments, and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and total phenol content (TPC). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of using tested biocontrol agents as eco-friendly alternatives to protect celery plants against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F. A. Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel M. Al-Saif
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. Alshiekheid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ragab S. Taha
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt;
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Rong S, Xu H, Li L, Chen R, Gao X, Xu Z. Antifungal activity of endophytic Bacillus safensis B21 and its potential application as a biopesticide to control rice blast. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 162:69-77. [PMID: 31836057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are potential biocontrol agents for the control of fungal diseases. Here, an endophyte strain, B21, was isolated from Osmanthus fragrans Lour. fruits and identified as Bacillus safensis by analysis of its 16S rDNA gene sequence and its biochemical and physiological characteristics. The culture filtrate showed antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes rice blast disease, and the IC50 of the methanol extract was 15.56 μg/mL, which was significantly lower than that of carbendazim (25.16 μg/mL). The antifungal activity of the methanol extract was stable at a wide range of pH values (1-9) and temperatures (40-100 °C). Two antifungal compounds were isolated by organic extraction, silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) analyses, the structures of the antifungal compounds were identified as iturin A2 and iturin A6. Additionally, the hyphae treated with iturin (iturin A2 or iturin A6) could be stained with the fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI), indicating that these two compounds inhibited the growth of hyphae by changing the hyphal membrane permeability. In field experiments, spray treatment with fermentation broth resulted in a lower disease index than treatment with carbendazim, as did the culture filtrate. The results suggest that strain B21 and its bioactive compounds have the potential to be developed into a biopesticide for the biocontrol of rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Rong
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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8
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Chen W, Li X, Ma X, Chen S, Kang Y, Yang M, Huang F, Wan X. Simultaneous hydrolysis with lipase and fermentation of rapeseed cake for iturin A production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX-20. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:98. [PMID: 31842877 PMCID: PMC6915999 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed cake (RSC), as the intermediate by-product of oil extraction from the seeds of Brassica napus, can be converted into rapeseed meal (RSM) by solvent extraction to remove oil. However, compared with RSM, RSC has been rarely used as a raw material for microbial fermentation, although both RSC and RSM are mainly composed of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using untreated low-cost RSC as nitrogen source to produce the valuable cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX-20 in submerged fermentation. Especially, the effect of oil in RSC on iturin A production and the possibility of using lipases to improve the iturin A production were analyzed in batch fermentation. RESULTS The maximum production of iturin A was 0.82 g/L at the optimal initial RSC and glucose concentrations of 90 and 60 g/L, respectively. When RSC was substituted with RSM as nitrogen source based on equal protein content, the final concentration of iturin A was improved to 0.95 g/L. The production of iturin A was further increased by the addition of different lipase concentrations from 0.1 to 5 U/mL into the RSC medium for simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation. At the optimal lipase concentration of 0.5 U/mL, the maximal production of iturin A reached 1.14 g/L, which was 38.15% higher than that without any lipase supplement. Although rapeseed oil and lipase were firstly shown to have negative effects on iturin A production, and the effect would be greater if the concentration of either was increased, their respective negative effects were reduced when used together. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate relative concentrations of lipase and rapeseed oil were demonstrated to support optimal iturin A production. And simultaneous hydrolysis with lipase and fermentation was an effective way to produce iturin A from RSC using B. amyloliquefaciens CX-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuli Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China. .,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Screening and identification of a Penicillium brevicompactum strain isolated from the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus and the fermentation production of mycophenolic acid. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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Simultaneous quantification of lipopeptide isoforms by UPLC-MS in the fermentation broth from Bacillus subtilis CNPMS22. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6827-6836. [PMID: 30074087 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate quantification of lipopeptide families in biological samples are challenging. We present the development and validation of a method for simultaneous quantification of three families of lipopeptides (iturins, fengycins, and surfactins) and their isoforms, as well as the homologous series. The method was optimized in UPLC-MS for a column temperature at 65 °C, injection volume of 5 μL, and sample temperature of 10 °C. The SIM mode was used for detection and quantification of lipopeptides exhibiting ions [M + H]+ and [M + 2H]2+. Since the maximum mass detection threshold of the equipment is 1250 Da and the fengycins have ions between 1435 and 1505 Da, the ions [M + 2H]2+ were chosen for fengycin identification. The monitored ions were as follows: m/z 1043.5, 1057.5, 1071.5, 718.3, 725.4, 739.4, 732.4, 746.4, 753.4, 1008.6, 1022.6, and 1036.6. The compounds were separated by reverse-phase chromatography using a C18 analytical column in a total time of 19 min. Standard curves were linear with rw 0.99 for all analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision for samples (50, 250, and 750 μg L-1) were within recommended limits. The proposed analytical method was capable of simultaneously quantifying 12 isoforms and homologous series of lipopeptide families in biological samples, thus making it an important industrial tool in the evaluation of lipopeptide production processes. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Wu JY, Liao JH, Shieh CJ, Hsieh FC, Liu YC. Kinetic analysis on precursors for iturin A production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:630-635. [PMID: 29907529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the precursor effect for iturin A production was quantitatively analyzed. A strain identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1 (Ba-BPD1) was selected due to its ability to produce iturin A. The enhancement of iturin A production in a submerged culture was tested using various additives, including palmitic acid, oils, and complex amino acids. Among these, complex amino acids triggered the highest yield at 559 mg/L. The respective amino acids that contribute to the structure of iturin A were used as precursors. In fact, it was found that the addition of l-proline, l-glutamine, l-asparagine and l-serine could improve iturin A yield in the defined medium. However, during the kinetic analysis, all the amino acids exhibited a lower saturation level than l-serine, which exhibited a high saturation level at 1.2% resulting in an iturin A yield of 914 mg/L. In contrast, a negative effect was observed following the addition of l-tyrosine. To analyze the kinetic behavior of l-serine, three kinetic models were adopted: the kinetic order equation, the Langmuir kinetic equation, and a modified logistic equation. The regression results showed that the modified logistic model was the best fit for the kinetic behavior of l-serine as the major precursor, which could be further referred to the biosynthesis pathway of iturin A. Among the proposed processes for iturin A production, this study achieved the highest iturin A levels as a result of the addition of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Biopesticides Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chia Hsieh
- Biopesticides Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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12
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Ramachandran R, Ramesh S, Ramkumar S, Chakrabarti A, Roy U. Calcium Alginate Bead-mediated Enhancement of the Selective Recovery of a Lead Novel Antifungal Bacillomycin Variant. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:917-936. [PMID: 29797296 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new antifungal compounds, five coproduced lipopeptide variants (AF1 to AF5) from wild-type Bacillus subtilis RLID 12.1 were identified in our previous study. Out of five, AF4 was identified as a novel lead molecule belonging to the bacillomycin family showing less cytotoxicity at its respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) evaluated against 81 strains of Candida and Cryptococcus species (including clinical isolates); besides this, AF4 purified in the present study exhibited encouraging MIC values against 10 clinical mycelial fungi. Aiming for a selective production augmentation of AF4 lipopeptide variant, a new fermentation media comprising malt extract (1.01%), dextrose (0.55%), peptone (1.79%), MnSO4 (2 mM), and NaCl (0.5%) was formulated. Maximum production of 954.8 ± 10.8 mg/L was achieved with 44% selectivity at 30 °C compared to unoptimized conditions (186.4 ± 6.1 mg/L). Use of calcium alginate beads in the formulated media during the onset of lipopeptide production resulted in an augmentation in the selectivity of the most efficacious AF4 variant to about 72% presumably due to attenuation of other coproduced lipopeptide variants AF1 and AF2. Difference in yield of lipopeptides varied with bead size, bead preparation ratios, and sodium alginate concentrations. Use of Ca-alginate beads in the upstream production process of the lead AF4 variant may be considered as a novel strategy to address the potential challenge that may arise during the scale-up and downstream processing steps. Another significant finding derived from the study is that the proportion of bacillomycin variants of B. subtilis RLID 12.1 could be controlled by temperature and metal ions under static and shaking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Swetha Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India.
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Rangarajan V, Dhanarajan G, Sen R. Bioprocess design for selective enhancement of fengycin production by a marine isolate Bacillus megaterium. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Multiple response optimization of Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0015 culture and identification of antifungal metabolites. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Fahim S, Dimitrov K, Gancel F, Vauchel P, Jacques P, Nikov I. Impact of energy supply and oxygen transfer on selective lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis BBG21. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:1-6. [PMID: 23073082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of power dissipation and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient k(L)a on Bacillus subtilis productivity of lipopeptides surfactin and fengycin was studied in shake flasks in view of scaling-up of this fermentation process. The experiments performed with different flask sizes, relative filling volumes, and shaking frequencies confirmed clearly that lipopeptide production changed in function of power dissipation, via interfacial gas-liquid contact surface and oxygen supply. It was demonstrated that k(L)a is the key parameter controlling the productivity and the selectivity of the bioreaction. Varying the oxygen transfer conditions, the synthesis could be oriented to mixed production or to surfactin mono-production. The fraction of surfactin towards total lipopeptides produced and the maximal surfactin production both increased with k(L)a increase (surfactin concentration about 2 g L(-1) at k(L)a=0.04-0.08 s(-1)), while the maximal fengycin production (fengycin concentration about 0.3 g L(-1)) was obtained at moderate oxygen supply (k(L)a=0.01 s(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Fahim
- Laboratoire des Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien, UPRES-EA 1026, Polytech'Lille/IUT A, Université Lille Nord de France, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Li RF, Xu Y. Fermentation optimization to improve production of antagonistic metabolites by Bacillus subtilis strain BS501a. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11771-011-0802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fang T, Chen X, Li N, Song H, Bai J, Xiong J, Ying H. Optimization of medium components for D-ribose production by transketolase-deficient Bacillus subtilis NJT-1507. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Kim YS, Cha HJ. Disperse distribution of cationic amino acids on hydrophilic surface of helical wheel enhances antimicrobial peptide activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:216-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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