1
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Zhu Z, Xu G. Hydrogenation of Furfural over Biomass-Based Electron-Deficient Co-NC Nanotube Catalyst. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:788. [PMID: 38727382 PMCID: PMC11085387 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is one of the most significant reactions from industrial-scale produced biomass platform molecules to value-added chemicals. In this work, biomass-based chitosan was used as both a carbon source and nitrogen source to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon. With the addition of cobalt, the optimized 7.5Co-NC-900 catalyst had the largest surface area and the graphite nanotube structure with the least defects. It was employed for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and reached a nearly full conversion and an equivalent yield at 130 °C in 4 MPa initial H2. The structure-function relationship study indicated that the N could interact with the neighbor Co in this catalyst and formed an electron-deficient Co center which was in favor of the adsorption of furfural in the nanotube and had high catalytic activity. The interactions between Co and N stabilized the catalyst so that it could remain stable in five runs of catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guangyue Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230031, China
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2
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Chizallet C, Bouchy C, Larmier K, Pirngruber G. Molecular Views on Mechanisms of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Zeolites. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6107-6196. [PMID: 36996355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Brønsted acidity of proton-exchanged zeolites has historically led to the most impactful applications of these materials in heterogeneous catalysis, mainly in the fields of transformations of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Unravelling the mechanisms at the atomic scale of these transformations has been the object of tremendous efforts in the last decades. Such investigations have extended our fundamental knowledge about the respective roles of acidity and confinement in the catalytic properties of proton exchanged zeolites. The emerging concepts are of general relevance at the crossroad of heterogeneous catalysis and molecular chemistry. In the present review, emphasis is given to molecular views on the mechanism of generic transformations catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites of zeolites, combining the information gained from advanced kinetic analysis, in situ, and operando spectroscopies, and quantum chemistry calculations. After reviewing the current knowledge on the nature of the Brønsted acid sites themselves, and the key parameters in catalysis by zeolites, a focus is made on reactions undergone by alkenes, alkanes, aromatic molecules, alcohols, and polyhydroxy molecules. Elementary events of C-C, C-H, and C-O bond breaking and formation are at the core of these reactions. Outlooks are given to take up the future challenges in the field, aiming at getting ever more accurate views on these mechanisms, and as the ultimate goal, to provide rational tools for the design of improved zeolite-based Brønsted acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Christophe Bouchy
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Kim Larmier
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Gerhard Pirngruber
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
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3
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Chen B, Li X, Rui P, Ye Y, Ye T, Zhou R, Li D, Carter JH, Hutchings GJ. The reaction pathways of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in a continuous flow reactor using copper catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is investigated using supported and bulk copper oxide catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Peng Rui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Yuewen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Tongqi Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Rulong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - James H. Carter
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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4
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Ye L, Han Y, Wang X, Lu X, Qi X, Yu H. Recent progress in furfural production from hemicellulose and its derivatives: Conversion mechanism, catalytic system, solvent selection. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Synthesis of lignin-carbohydrate complex-based catalyst from Eragrostis tef straw and its catalytic performance in xylose dehydration to furfural. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:10-16. [PMID: 33412194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new catalyst was successfully prepared by functionalization of the lignin-carbohydrate complex structure in the Eragrostis tef straw via simultaneous carbonization and sulfonation. The physical and chemical properties of the surface of the synthesized catalyst were checked by FTIR and XRD. The FTIR results indicate the prepared catalyst exhibited functional groups such as -SO3H, -COOH, and -OH. The synthesis conditions like the temperature and time of carbonization and sulfonation showed significant effect the amount of the strong acid doped into the carbonized lignin-carbohydrate matrix. The newly prepared catalyst was checked for dehydration of xylose to furfural and revealed of course that it has the potential. The maximum yield of furfural 62.4% was achieved and the catalyst showed excellent reusability for 5 runs without significant loss of catalystic activity. The use of catalysts prepared from Eragrostis tef straw is a green strategy for converting xylose to furfural, as these catalysts are solving the problems associated with the use of mineral acid catalysts.
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6
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Zhang B, Zhu X, Gao J, Zhu Y, Ma W. Zn modification of Beta zeolite: Effect on acid sites and propylene oxide rearrangement. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Padilla-Rascón C, Romero-García JM, Ruiz E, Castro E. Optimization with Response Surface Methodology of Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Xylose to Furfural. Molecules 2020; 25:E3574. [PMID: 32781612 PMCID: PMC7464547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of furfural from renewable sources, such as lignocellulosic biomass, has gained great interest within the concept of biorefineries. In lignocellulosic materials, xylose is the most abundant pentose, which forms the hemicellulosic part. One of the key steps in the production of furfural from biomass is the dehydration reaction of the pentoses. The objective of this work was to assess the conditions under which the concentration of furfural is maximized from a synthetic, monophasic, and homogeneous xylose medium. The experiments were carried out in a microwave reactor. FeCl3 in different proportions and sulfuric acid were used as catalysts. A two-level, three-factor experimental design was developed for this purpose. The results were further analyzed through a second experimental design and optimization was performed by response surface methodology. The best operational conditions for the highest furfural yield (57%) turned out to be 210 °C, 0.5 min, and 0.05 M FeCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Padilla-Rascón
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (J.M.R.-G.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Romero-García
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (J.M.R.-G.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Encarnación Ruiz
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (J.M.R.-G.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Eulogio Castro
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (J.M.R.-G.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Valadares DS, Clemente MCH, de Freitas EF, Martins GAV, Dias JA, Dias SCL. Niobium on BEA Dealuminated Zeolite for High Selectivity Dehydration Reactions of Ethanol and Xylose into Diethyl Ether and Furfural. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10071269. [PMID: 32610528 PMCID: PMC7407447 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the role of solid-state dealumination by (NH4)2SiF6 (25% Al removal and 13% Si insertion), the impregnation of niobium (10, 18, and 25 wt. %) on dealuminated *BEA (DB) zeolite and their catalytic properties in ethanol and xylose transformations. Among all the studied catalysts, 18%Nb-DB showed increased mesoporosity and external areas. A leveling effect in the number and strength of the proposed two sites (Brønsted and Lewis) present in the catalyst (n1 = 0.24 mmol g-1, -ΔH1 = 49 kJ mol-1, and n2 = 0.20 mmol g-1, -ΔH2 = 42 kJ mol-1) in the catalyst 18%Nb-DB, might be responsible for its good activity. This catalyst presented the highest selectivity for diethyl ether, DEE (97%) with 61% conversion after 50 ethanol pulses at 230 °C (turnover number, TON DEE = 1.15). These features allowed catalytically fruitful bonding of the ethanol molecules to the neighboring sites on the channels, facilitating bimolecular ether formation through a possible SN2 mechanism. The same catalyst was active and selective for transformation of xylose at 180 °C, showing 64% conversion and 51% selectivity for furfural (TON Furfural = 24.7) using water as a green solvent.
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9
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Enjamuri N, Darbha S. Solid catalysts for conversion of furfural and its derivatives to alkanediols. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1744327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagasuresh Enjamuri
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Srinivas Darbha
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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10
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Li X, Zhang L, Wang S, Wu Y. Recent Advances in Aqueous-Phase Catalytic Conversions of Biomass Platform Chemicals Over Heterogeneous Catalysts. Front Chem 2020; 7:948. [PMID: 32117861 PMCID: PMC7018683 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of biomass-derived platform molecules, such as glucose, furans, levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetic acids, can be converted into a variety of value-added chemicals through catalytic transformations that include dehydration, hydrogenation, oxidation, isomerization, reforming, ketonization, and aldol condensation over heterogeneous catalysts. Aqueous-phase processing is an important issue and a great challenge for the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of biobased chemicals due to the high water content of the biomass and the formation of water during the transformation process. In this paper, heterogeneous catalysts that are applicable to the aqueous-phase conversion process of biomass platform chemicals, including noble metal catalysts, non-noble metal catalysts, bimetallic catalysts, metal oxides, and zeolite, are introduced, and a comprehensive evaluation of the catalyst performance, including the catalytic activity, stability, and regeneration performance of different kinds of heterogeneous catalysts, are made. Besides, we highlighted the effect of water on heterogeneous catalysts and the deactivation mechanism in the aqueous phase. Beyond this, several catalytic mechanisms of aqueous-phase conversion over heterogeneous catalysts are summarized in order to help understand the reaction process on the surface of catalysts in the aqueous phase, so as to design targeted catalysts. At last, a prospect of biobased chemicals and fuels is forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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11
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Mishra RK, Kumar VB, Victor A, Pulidindi IN, Gedanken A. Selective production of furfural from the dehydration of xylose using Zn doped CuO catalyst. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:55-62. [PMID: 31101289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Furfural is a versatile biomass-derived platform compound used for the synthesis of several strategic chemicals. The sonochemically synthesized Zn doped CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were used for the production of furfural. The catalytic activity of the Zn doped CuO NPs was examined, as a model, during the dehydration reaction of xylose to furfural. In addition to that, we have also compared the catalytic activity of the Zn doped CuO NP with ZnO NPs, ZnO bulk, CuO NPs, CuO bulk, etc. This nanoscale catalyst (Zn doped CuO NP) has a large surface area, which enhances its catalytic activity and enables it to completely convert the xylose to furfural at 150 °C within 12 h without any trace of by-products, as confirmed by HPLC, 13C NMR and 1H NMR. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the yield of furfural is up to 86 mol %, compared to the 45 mol % obtained with ZnO NPs, ZnO bulk, CuO NPs, CuO bulk, etc. as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Mishra
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Vijay Bhooshan Kumar
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Amudavalli Victor
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Indra Neel Pulidindi
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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12
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Gómez Millán G, Hellsten S, King AW, Pokki JP, Llorca J, Sixta H. A comparative study of water-immiscible organic solvents in the production of furfural from xylose and birch hydrolysate. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Sato O, Mimura N, Masuda Y, Shirai M, Yamaguchi A. Effect of extraction on furfural production by solid acid-catalyzed xylose dehydration in water. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Catalytic activity of an economically sustainable fly-ash-metal-organic- framework composite towards biomass valorization. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Chatterjee A, Hu X, Lam FLY. Towards a recyclable MOF catalyst for efficient production of furfural. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Filiciotto L, Balu AM, Van der Waal JC, Luque R. Catalytic insights into the production of biomass-derived side products methyl levulinate, furfural and humins. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Zhai C, Yin H, Li J, Wang A, Shen L, Hu J. Catalytic conversion of 2,5-dichlorotoluene over Hβ zeolite, Ag/Hβ and Cu/Hβ catalysts in N2 or H2 atmosphere. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Li X, Jia P, Wang T. Furfural: A Promising Platform Compound for Sustainable Production of C4 and C5 Chemicals. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tiefeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Bruce SM, Zong Z, Chatzidimitriou A, Avci LE, Bond JQ, Carreon MA, Wettstein SG. Small pore zeolite catalysts for furfural synthesis from xylose and switchgrass in a γ-valerolactone/water solvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Iglesias J, Melero JA, Morales G, Paniagua M, Hernández B. Dehydration of Xylose to Furfural in Alcohol Media in the Presence of Solid Acid Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Iglesias
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group. ESCET; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; C/Tulipán, s/n. Móstoles E28933 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan A. Melero
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group. ESCET; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; C/Tulipán, s/n. Móstoles E28933 Madrid Spain
| | - Gabriel Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group. ESCET; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; C/Tulipán, s/n. Móstoles E28933 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Paniagua
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group. ESCET; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; C/Tulipán, s/n. Móstoles E28933 Madrid Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group. ESCET; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; C/Tulipán, s/n. Móstoles E28933 Madrid Spain
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21
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Dong W, Shen Z, Peng B, Gu M, Zhou X, Xiang B, Zhang Y. Selective Chemical Conversion of Sugars in Aqueous Solutions without Alkali to Lactic Acid Over a Zn-Sn-Beta Lewis Acid-Base Catalyst. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26713. [PMID: 27222322 PMCID: PMC4879548 DOI: 10.1038/srep26713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid is an important platform molecule in the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals. However, in aqueous solutions without alkali, its efficient preparation via the direct catalysis of sugars is hindered by a side dehydration reaction to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural due to Brønsted acid, which originates from organic acids. Herein, we report that a previously unappreciated combination of common two metal mixed catalyst (Zn-Sn-Beta) prepared via solid-state ion exchange synergistically promoted this reaction. In water without a base, a conversion exceeding 99% for sucrose with a lactic acid yield of 54% was achieved within 2 hours at 190 °C under ambient air pressure. Studies of the acid and base properties of the Zn-Sn-Beta zeolite suggest that the introduction of Zn into the Sn-Beta zeolite sequentially enhanced both the Lewis acid and base sites, and the base sites inhibited a series of side reactions related to fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its subsequent decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center of Facilities Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center of Facilities Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Boyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center of Facilities Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minyan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center of Facilities Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center of Facilities Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center of Facilities Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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22
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Bhaumik P, Dhepe PL. Solid acid catalyzed synthesis of furans from carbohydrates. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2015.1099894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Ennaert T, Van Aelst J, Dijkmans J, De Clercq R, Schutyser W, Dusselier M, Verboekend D, Sels BF. Potential and challenges of zeolite chemistry in the catalytic conversion of biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:584-611. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the progress, potential and future challenges in zeolite catalysed biomass conversions and relates these to concepts established in existing petrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Ennaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Joost Van Aelst
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Jan Dijkmans
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Rik De Clercq
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Wouter Schutyser
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Michiel Dusselier
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Danny Verboekend
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
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24
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Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Miletić N, Arias PL. Regeneration of surface acid sites via mild oxidation on dehydration catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports novel experimental evidence for the use of mild oxidation conditions to remove humin deposits on active xylose dehydration catalysts that showed deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Agirrezabal-Telleria
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Bilbao
- Spain
| | - N. Miletić
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Bilbao
- Spain
| | - P. L. Arias
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Bilbao
- Spain
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25
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Xing Y, Yan B, Yuan Z, Sun K. Mesoporous tantalum phosphates: preparation, acidity and catalytic performance for xylose dehydration to produce furfural. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous tantalum phosphates with varying P/Ta molar ratios were prepared and their catalytic activity were studied in the xylose dehydration reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Xing
- Innovative Catalysis Program
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Bo Yan
- Innovative Catalysis Program
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Zifei Yuan
- Innovative Catalysis Program
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Keqiang Sun
- Innovative Catalysis Program
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
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26
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27
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Otomo R, Tatsumi T, Yokoi T. Beta zeolite: a universally applicable catalyst for the conversion of various types of saccharides into furfurals. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00719d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta zeolite having both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites universally promoted direct conversion of various types of saccharides into furfurals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Otomo
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - T. Tatsumi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - T. Yokoi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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28
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You SJ, Park N, Park ED, Park MJ. Partial least squares modeling and analysis of furfural production from biomass-derived xylose over solid acid catalysts. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Gandarias I, Arias P. Heterogeneous acid-catalysts for the production of furan-derived compounds (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) from renewable carbohydrates: A review. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Bhaumik P, Kane T, Dhepe PL. Silica and zirconia supported tungsten, molybdenum and gallium oxide catalysts for the synthesis of furfural. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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BHAUMIK PRASENJIT, DEEPA AK, KANE TANUSHREE, DHEPE PARESHLAXMIKANT. Value addition to lignocellulosics and biomass-derived sugars: An insight into solid acid-based catalytic methods. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Guo Y, Hemmann F, Arias PL, Kemnitz E. Dehydration of xylose and glucose to furan derivatives using bifunctional partially hydroxylated MgF2 catalysts and N2-stripping. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current furfural production yield is low due to the use of non-selective homogeneous catalysts and expensive separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Agirrezabal-Telleria
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Bilbao, Spain
| | - Y. Guo
- Institut für Chemie
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Hemmann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- Berlin, Germany
| | - P. L. Arias
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Bilbao, Spain
| | - E. Kemnitz
- Institut für Chemie
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Berlin, Germany
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33
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Bhaumik P, Dhepe PL. Exceptionally high yields of furfural from assorted raw biomass over solid acids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Liquid-phase dehydration of d-xylose over silica–alumina catalysts with different alumina contents. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Gandarias I, Arias PL. Production of furfural from pentosan-rich biomass: analysis of process parameters during simultaneous furfural stripping. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:258-264. [PMID: 23810948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the furan-based compounds, furfural (FUR) shows interesting properties as building-block or industrial solvent. It is produced from pentosan-rich biomass via xylose cyclodehydration. The current FUR production makes use of homogeneous catalysts and excessive amounts of steam. The development of greener furfural production and separation techniques implies the use of heterogeneous catalysts and innovative separation processes. This work deals with the conversion of corncobs as xylose source to be dehydrated to furfural. The results reveal differences between the use of direct corncob hydrolysis and dehydration to furfural and the prehydrolysis and dehydration procedures. Moreover, this work focuses on an economical analysis of the main process parameters during N2-stripping and its economical comparison to the current steam-stripping process. The results show a considerable reduction of the annual utility costs due to use of recyclable nitrogen and the reduction of the furfural purification stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Agirrezabal-Telleria
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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36
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Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Hemmann F, Jäger C, Arias P, Kemnitz E. Functionalized partially hydroxylated MgF2 as catalysts for the dehydration of d-xylose to furfural. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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AGIRREZABAL-TELLERIA I, GARCÍA-SANCHO C, MAIRELES-TORRES P, ARIAS PL. Dehydration of xylose to furfural using a Lewis or Brönsted acid catalyst and N2 stripping. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(12)60599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Kruger JS, Choudhary V, Nikolakis V, Vlachos DG. Elucidating the Roles of Zeolite H-BEA in Aqueous-Phase Fructose Dehydration and HMF Rehydration. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Kruger
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vinit Choudhary
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vladimiros Nikolakis
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, 150
Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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39
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García-Sancho C, Sádaba I, Moreno-Tost R, Mérida-Robles J, Santamaría-González J, López-Granados M, Maireles-Torres P. Dehydration of xylose to furfural over MCM-41-supported niobium-oxide catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:635-642. [PMID: 23512820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of silica-based MCM-41-supported niobium-oxide catalysts are prepared, characterized by using XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption coupled to FTIR spectroscopy, and tested for the dehydration of D-xylose to furfural. Under the operating conditions used all materials are active in the dehydration of xylose to furfural (excluding the MCM-41 silica support). The xylose conversion increases with increasing Nb2 O5 content. At a loading of 16 wt % Nb2 O5 , 74.5 % conversion and a furfural yield of 36.5 % is achieved at 170 °C, after 180 min reaction time. Moreover, xylose conversion and furfural yield increase with the reaction time and temperature, attaining 82.8 and 46.2 %, respectively, at 190 °C and after 100 min reaction time. Notably, the presence of NaCl in the reaction medium further increases the furfural yield (59.9 % at 170 °C after 180 min reaction time). Moreover, catalyst reutilization is demonstrated by performing at least three runs with no loss of catalytic activity and without the requirement for an intermediate regeneration step. No significant niobium leaching is observed, and a relationship between the structure of the catalyst and the activity is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Sancho
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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40
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Cheng L, Guo X, Song C, Yu G, Cui Y, Xue N, Peng L, Guo X, Ding W. High performance mesoporous zirconium phosphate for dehydration of xylose to furfural in aqueous-phase. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Choudhary V, Sandler SI, Vlachos DG. Conversion of Xylose to Furfural Using Lewis and Brønsted Acid Catalysts in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Choudhary
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Stanley I. Sandler
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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42
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43
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Dapsens PY, Mondelli C, Pérez-Ramírez J. Biobased Chemicals from Conception toward Industrial Reality: Lessons Learned and To Be Learned. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300124m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Y. Dapsens
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Mondelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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You SJ, Baek IG, Park ED. Direct Conversion of Cellulose into Polyols over Pt Catalysts Supported on Zeolites. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2012.50.3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Sahu R, Dhepe PL. A one-pot method for the selective conversion of hemicellulose from crop waste into C5 sugars and furfural by using solid acid catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:751-761. [PMID: 22411884 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a solid-acid catalyzed one-pot method for the selective conversion of solid hemicellulose without its separation from other lignocellulosic components, such as cellulose and lignin. The reactions were carried out in aqueous and biphasic media to yield xylose, arabinose, and furfural. To overcome the drawbacks posed by mineral acid methods in converting hemicelllulose, we used heterogeneous catalysts that work at neutral pH. In a batch reactor, these heterogeneous catalysts, such as solid acids (zeolites, clays, metal oxides etc.), resulted in >90 % conversion of hemicellulose. It has been shown that the selectivity for the products can be tuned by changing the reaction conditions, for example, a reaction carried out in water at 170 °C for 1 h with HBeta (Si/Al=19) and HUSY (Si/Al=15) catalysts gave yields of 62 and 56 % for xylose and arabinose, respectively. With increased reaction time (6 h) and in presence of only water, HUSY resulted in yields of 30 % xylose + arabinose and 18 % furfural. However, in a biphasic reaction system (water + p-xylene, 170 °C, 6 h) yields of 56 % furfural with 17 % xylose+arabinose could be achieved. It was shown that with the addition of organic solvent the furfural yield could be increased from 18 to 56 %. Under optimized reaction conditions, >90 % carbon balance was observed. The study revealed that catalysts were recyclable with a 20 % drop in activity for each subsequent run. It was observed that temperature, pressure, reaction time, substrate to catalyst ratio, solvent, and so forth had an effect on product formation. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of NH(3), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and solid-state NMR ((29)Si, (27)Al) spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakanta Sahu
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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46
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Hu L, Zhao G, Hao W, Tang X, Sun Y, Lin L, Liu S. Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into fuels and chemicals via furanic aldehydes. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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