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Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Substrate for Oleaginous Microorganisms: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms capable of accumulating lipids in high percentages, known as oleaginous microorganisms, have been widely studied as an alternative for producing oleochemicals and biofuels. Microbial lipid, so-called Single Cell Oil (SCO), production depends on several growth parameters, including the nature of the carbon substrate, which must be efficiently taken up and converted into storage lipid. On the other hand, substrates considered for large scale applications must be abundant and of low acquisition cost. Among others, lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable substrate containing high percentages of assimilable sugars (hexoses and pentoses). However, it is also highly recalcitrant, and therefore it requires specific pretreatments in order to release its assimilable components. The main drawback of lignocellulose pretreatment is the generation of several by-products that can inhibit the microbial metabolism. In this review, we discuss the main aspects related to the cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms using lignocellulosic biomass as substrate, hoping to contribute to the development of a sustainable process for SCO production in the near future.
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Gulli J, Yunker P, Rosenzweig F. Matrices (re)loaded: Durability, viability, and fermentative capacity of yeast encapsulated in beads of different composition during long-term fed-batch culture. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2925. [PMID: 31587494 PMCID: PMC7027564 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulated microbes have been used for decades to produce commodities ranging from methyl ketone to beer. Encapsulated cells undergo limited replication, which enables them to more efficiently convert substrate to product than planktonic cells and which contributes to their stress resistance. To determine how encapsulated yeast supports long-term, repeated fed-batch ethanologenic fermentation, and whether different matrices influence that process, fermentation and indicators of matrix durability and cell viability were monitored in high-dextrose, fed-batch culture over 7 weeks. At most timepoints, ethanol yield (g/g) in encapsulated cultures exceeded that in planktonic cultures. And frequently, ethanol yield differed among the four matrices tested: sodium alginate crosslinked with Ca2+ and chitosan, sodium alginate crosslinked with Ca2+ , Protanal alginate crosslinked with Ca2+ and chitosan, Protanal alginate crosslinked with Ca2+ , with the last of these consistently demonstrating the highest values. Young's modulus and viscosity were higher for matrices crosslinked with chitosan over the first week; thereafter values for both parameters declined and were indistinguishable among treatments. Encapsulated cells exhibited greater heat shock tolerance at 50°C than planktonic cells in either stationary or exponential phase, with similar thermotolerance observed across all four matrix types. Altogether, these data demonstrate the feasibility of re-using encapsulated yeast to convert dextrose to ethanol over at least 7 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Gulli
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Peter Yunker
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia
- School of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Frank Rosenzweig
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia
- Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia
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Le RK, Das P, Mahan KM, Anderson SA, Wells T, Yuan JS, Ragauskas AJ. Utilization of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation residues as feedstock for lipid accumulation in Rhodococcus opacus. AMB Express 2017; 7:185. [PMID: 28963644 PMCID: PMC5622019 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of oleaginous microorganisms as "micro-factories" for accumulation of single cell oils for biofuel production has increased significantly to mitigate growing energy demands, resulting in efforts to upgrade industrial waste, such as second-generation lignocellulosic residues, into potential feedstocks. Dilute-acid pretreatment (DAP) is commonly used to alter the physicochemical properties of lignocellulosic materials and is typically coupled with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for conversion of sugars into ethanol. The resulting DAP residues are usually processed as a waste stream, e.g. burned for power, but this provides minimal value. Alternatively, these wastes can be utilized as feedstock to generate lipids, which can be converted to biofuel. DAP-SSF residues were generated from pine, poplar, and switchgrass. High performance liquid chromatography revealed less than 0.13% monomeric sugars in the dry residue. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was indicative of the presence of lignin and polysaccharides. Gel permeation chromatography suggested the bacterial strains preferred molecules with molecular weight ~ 400-500 g/mol. DAP-SSF residues were used as the sole carbon source for lipid production by Rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 and PD630 in batch fermentations. Depending on the strain of Rhodococcus employed, 9-11 lipids for PD630 and DSM 1069 were observed, at a final concentration of ~ 15 mg/L fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) detected. Though the DAP-SSF substrate resulted in low FAME titers, novel analysis of solid-state fermentations was investigated, which determined that DAP-SSF residues could be a viable feedstock for lipid generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary K. Le
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Parthapratim Das
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Kristina M. Mahan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Seth A. Anderson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Tyrone Wells
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Joshua S. Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
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Lee SC. Application of Emulsion Liquid Membrane to Removal of Fermentation Inhibitors from Simulated Hemicellulosic Hydrolysates. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2015.53.4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jeong GT, Park DH. Effect of Reaction Factors on Reducing Sugar Production from Enteromorpha intestinalis Using Solid Acid Catalyst. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2015.53.4.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen B, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Mu Q, Deng L, Chen L, Wei Y, Tao L, Zhang X, Wang K. Microorganism inspired hydrogels: fermentation capacity, gelation process and pore-forming mechanism under temperature stimulus. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16811b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By controlling the temperature of fermentation and gelation, 3D microorganism inspired hydrogels (MIH) with a pore size from 5 μm to 900 μm could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- College of Textile
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Qifeng Mu
- College of Textile
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Lingli Deng
- College of Textile
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Kim SB, Park C, Kim SW. Process design and evaluation of production of bioethanol and β-lactam antibiotic from lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:194-200. [PMID: 25262428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To design biorefinery processes producing bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass with dilute acid pretreatment, biorefinery processes were simulated using the SuperPro Designer program. To improve the efficiency of biomass use and the economics of biorefinery, additional pretreatment processes were designed and evaluated, in which a combined process of dilute acid and aqueous ammonia pretreatments, and a process of waste media containing xylose were used, for the production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. Finally, the productivity and economics of the designed processes were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Khattak WA, Ullah MW, Ul-Islam M, Khan S, Kim M, Kim Y, Park JK. Developmental strategies and regulation of cell-free enzyme system for ethanol production: a molecular prospective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9561-78. [PMID: 25359472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most biomanufacturing systems developed for the production of biocommodities are based on whole-cell systems. However, with the advent of innovative technologies, the focus has shifted from whole-cell towards cell-free enzyme system. Since more than a century, researchers are using the cell-free extract containing the required enzymes and their respective cofactors in order to study the fundamental aspects of biological systems, particularly fermentation. Although yeast cell-free enzyme system is known since long ago, it is rarely been studied and characterized in detail. In this review, we hope to describe the major pitfalls encountered by whole-cell system and introduce possible solutions to them using cell-free enzyme systems. We have discussed the glycolytic and fermentative pathways and their regulation at both transcription and translational levels. Moreover, several strategies employed for development of cell-free enzyme system have been described with their potential merits and shortcomings associated with these developmental approaches. We also described in detail the various developmental approaches of synthetic cell-free enzyme system such as compartmentalization, metabolic channeling, protein fusion, and co-immobilization strategies. Additionally, we portrayed the novel cell-free enzyme technologies based on encapsulation and immobilization techniques and their development and commercialization. Through this review, we have presented the basics of cell-free enzyme system, the strategies involved in development and operation, and the advantages over conventional processes. Finally, we have addressed some potential directions for the future development and industrialization of cell-free enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ahmad Khattak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 7020-701, Korea
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Enhanced production of carboxymethylcellulase of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis A-53 by a recombinant Escherichia coli JM109/A-53 with pH and temperature shifts. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Ullah MW, Yu B, Khan S, Park JK. Yeast cell-free enzyme system for bio-ethanol production at elevated temperatures. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Production of bioethanol and biodiesel using instant noodle waste. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1627-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Khattak WA, Khan T, Ha JH, Ul-Islam M, Kang MK, Park JK. Enhanced production of bioethanol from waste of beer fermentation broth at high temperature through consecutive batch strategy by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:322-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Park JK. Prospects of reusable endogenous hydrolyzing enzymes in bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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