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Ragab S, Elkatory MR, Hassaan MA, El Nemr A. Experimental, predictive and RSM studies of H 2 production using Ag-La-CaTiO 3 for water-splitting under visible light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1019. [PMID: 38200036 PMCID: PMC10781765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ag-La-CaTiO3 was used in place of sacrificial agents to assess the influence of operational factors on hydrogen generation in a photocatalytic water splitting system. After being synthesized, the physicochemical features of this substance were accurately described. Several characterization techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, XPS, EDX, SEM, TGA, DRS and BET were applied to study the prepared Ag-La-CaTiO3 photocatalyst. Ag-La-CaTiO3 shows a band in the visible wavelength between 400 and 800 nm at < 560 nm compared to the main CaTiO3 band at 350 nm. Ag 4d5s electrons transition to the conduction band (CB), which is responsible for the absorption band at ~ 560 nm (> 2.21 eV). The effects of catalyst concentration, light intensity, and beginning solution pH on the H2 generation rate may all be evaluated simultaneously using experimental design procedures. Up to a maximum threshold, where a drop in the rate of gas evolution occurs, it was confirmed that the increase in catalyst dose positively affects system productivity. The initial solution pH plays a crucial role in H2 production, and pH = 4 and 10 are the optimum pH with a higher yield of H2 production. The highest total H2 production rate, 6246.09 μmol, was obtained using a catalyst concentration of 700 mg and solution pH equal to 10 under 1200 W Vis lamp for 3 h. For prediction and optimization, a D-Optimal design was applied and the optimal results were pH 4, the catalyst dose of 645.578 mg and 1200 W with H2 production of 6031.11 μmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Ragab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa R Elkatory
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Bhatt P, Engel BA, Shivaram KB, Turco RF, Zhou Z, Simsek H. Treatment and optimization of high-strength egg-wash wastewater effluent using electrocoagulation and electrooxidation methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140632. [PMID: 37967677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Egg-washing wastewater contains a high concentration of nutrition and organic matter since eggs are broken during the washing and cleaning processes. Moreover, the wastewater contains small amounts of detergents or sanitizing agents. These contaminants may pose environmental challenges when they are not properly managed or treated. The study scrutinizes the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EO) and electrooxidation (EO) approaches for egg-wash wastewater treatment. The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the operational parameters. The removal efficiencies of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD 90%), ammonia (NH3-N 91%), nitrate (NO3--N 97%), nitrite (NO2--N 89.3%), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN 91%), and phosphate (90%) were measured under various treatment conditions. The optimum treatment conditions achieved in the combined EC + EO process were pH 6.0, current density 20 mA cm-2, and electrolysis time of 60 min, respectively. Degradation kinetics of the egg-wash pollutants showed a significant reduction in half-life (t1/2) with EO (after EC-Aluminum) at 15 min, 12 min, 17 min, and 15 min for sCOD, NO2--N. NO3--N, and TDN, respectively. Whereas the half-life of NH3-N (18 min) and phosphate (17 min) reduced significantly with the EO (after EC-iron). Al and Fe electrodes coupled with boron-doped diamond were found efficient for pollutant removal. Environmental implication. Egg-wash wastewater has a high protein content and contains nutrients that are essential for living organisms. While these compounds can be valuable for agricultural use by increasing soil phosphate concentration, they can also become an issue if the excess nutrients are not properly managed. The soil has a threshold limit for holding phosphate, and any excess amount may be transported through surface runoff or contaminate groundwater through leachate, potentially affecting aquatic ecosystems and water quality. This study explores the efficiency of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation methods in treating egg-wash wastewater. These methods aim to remove pollutants and reduce their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karthik B Shivaram
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ronald F Turco
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Pankaj B, Huang JY, Brown P, Shivaram KB, Yakamercan E, Simsek H. Electrochemical treatment of aquaculture wastewater effluent and optimization of the parameters using response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121864. [PMID: 37225080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes are employed widely as treatment processes for industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastewater. In the present study, EC, EO, and a combination of EC + EO were evaluated as methods of removing pollutants from shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Process parameters for electrochemical processes, including current density, pH, and operation time were studied, and response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimum condition for the treatment. The effectiveness of the combined EC + EO process was assessed by measuring the reduction of targeted pollutants, including dissolved inorganic nitrogen species, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), phosphate, and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD). Using EC + EO process, more than 87% reduction was achieved for inorganic nitrogen, TDN, and phosphate, while 76.2% reduction was achieved for sCOD. These results demonstrated that the combined EC + EO process provided better treatment performance in removing the pollutants from shrimp wastewater. The kinetic results suggested that the effects of pH, current density, and operation time were significant on the degradation process when using iron and aluminum electrodes. Comparatively, iron electrodes were effective at reducing the half-life (t1/2) of each of the pollutants in the samples. The application of the optimized process parameters on shrimp wastewater could be used for large-scale treatment in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhatt Pankaj
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jen-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paul Brown
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karthik B Shivaram
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elif Yakamercan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Dermentzis K, Karakosta K, Kokkinos N, Mitkidou S, Stylianou M, Agapiou A. Photovoltaic-driven electrochemical remediation of drilling fluid wastewater with simultaneous hydrogen production. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:155-163. [PMID: 35848396 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the application of photovoltaic solar energy for driving the electrochemical processes of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation to remediate drilling fluid wastewater, and simultaneously harvest energy in the form of electrolytic hydrogen gas produced at the cathode. The electrocoagulation was performed with sacrificial aluminium electrodes and electrooxidation with dimensionally stable boron-doped diamond electrodes in batch-wise and continuously operated mode, and their efficiency in both pollutants removal and hydrogen gas production was elucidated. The parameters affecting the efficiency of the applied electrochemical processes, such as applied current density, pH, electroprocessing time and flow rate, were investigated. The electrochemical processing was monitored by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of treated wastewater. The electrocoagulation treatment conducted with current densities of 30, 60 and 90 mA/cm2 reduced the wastewater COD by about 67%, whereas the electrooxidation treatment at the same conditions yielded a COD removal of over 95%. The amount of produced hydrogen was 171 L/g COD removed from treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Dermentzis
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
- Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Kokkoni Karakosta
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
- Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokkinos
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
- Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Sophia Mitkidou
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
- Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Marinos Stylianou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Environmental Conservation and Management Programme, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Metali Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Adar E, Ilhan F, Aygun A. Different methods applied to remove pollutants from real epoxy paint wastewater: modeling using the response surface method. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1907410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elanur Adar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ilhan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aygun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
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Aygun A, Nas B, Sevimli MF. Electrocoagulation of Disperse Dyebath Wastewater: Optimization of Process Variables and Sludge Production. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2021. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2020.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carmona-Carmona PF, Linares-Hernández I, Teutli-Sequeira EA, López-Rebollar BM, Álvarez-Bastida C, Mier-Quiroga MDLA, Vázquez-Mejía G, Martínez-Miranda V. Industrial wastewater treatment using magnesium electrocoagulation in batch and continuous mode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:269-288. [PMID: 33499749 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1868823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the electrocoagulation (EC) performance of a Mg-Mg system was applied for the industrial wastewater treatment, from an industrial park that covers different activities such as: food, automotive, pharmaceutical, chemistry and cosmetics, after primary clarification. The effects of major operating parameters such as pH, reaction time, and current density were investigated for chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and turbidity removal efficiency. The batch system was found convenient, achieving 63.52% COD, 96% color, and 99.32% turbidity removal at optimized operating conditions of pH 7.12, reaction time of 75 min, and current density of 201.5 A/m2. On the other hand, for continuous EC, the process removed approximately 46.58%, 95.96%, and 87.19% of the COD, color, and turbidity respectively, at 90 min of retention time, current density 440 A/m2, and a rate of 20 mL/min. Additionally, concerning nutrient removal (N and P), the EC system with Mg electrodes was highly efficient; batch treatment removed 97% of total phosphorus and 67% of ammoniacal nitrogen, whereas the continuous treatment removed 98.5% of total phosphorus and 83% of ammoniacal nitrogen. The sludge characterization before and after EC treatment was made by SEM, EDS, Fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy. Minerals such as chlorite, crossite, richterite, pyroaurite, langbeinite as weel as aliphatic and polysubstituted aromatics compounds, sulfates and phosphates inorganic ions, and organic phosphorus were reduced. The energy cost in the batch EC is US$0.05/m3. A numerical CFD model was used to estimate the velocity fields and guarantee the presence of turbulent kinetic energy within a continuous flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Fabiola Carmona-Carmona
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | | | - Boris Miguel López-Rebollar
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Bastida
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Miroslava de Los Angeles Mier-Quiroga
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Guadalupe Vázquez-Mejía
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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