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Bonkowski A, Wolf MJ, Wu J, Parker SC, Klein A, De Souza RA. A Single Model for the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Metal Exsolution from Perovskite Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39116036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Exsolution has emerged as an outstanding route for producing oxide-supported metal nanoparticles. For ABO3-perovskite oxides, various late transition-metal cations can be substituted into the lattice under oxidizing conditions and exsolved as metal nanoparticles after reduction. A consistent and comprehensive description of the point-defect thermodynamics and kinetics of this phenomenon is lacking, however. Herein, supported by hybrid density-functional-theory calculations, we propose a single model that explains diverse experimental observations, such as why substituent transition-metal cations (but not host cations) exsolve from perovskite oxides upon reduction; why different substituent transition-metal cations exsolve under different conditions; why the metal nanoparticles are embedded in the surface; why exsolution occurs surprisingly rapidly at relatively low temperatures; and why the reincorporation of exsolved species involves far longer times and much higher temperatures. Our model's foundation is that the substituent transition-metal cations are reduced to neutral species within the perovskite lattice as the Fermi level is shifted upward within the bandgap upon sample reduction. The calculations also indicate unconventional influences of oxygen vacancies and A-site vacancies. Our model thus provides a fundamental basis for improving existing, and creating new, exsolution-generated catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bonkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Wolf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K
| | - Stephen C Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K
| | - Andreas Klein
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roger A De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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You HM, Yoon Y, Ko J, Back J, Kwon H, Han JW, Kim K. Atomistic Scale Modeling of Anode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li-Ion Batteries. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1961-1970. [PMID: 38224073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A key issue in lithium-ion batteries is understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) resulting from a reductive reaction on the anode/electrolyte interface. The presence of the SEI layer affects the transport behavior of the ions and electrons between the anode and electrolyte. Despite the influence on interfacial properties, the formation and evolution mechanism of the SEI layer are unclear owing to their complexity and dynamic nature. Atomistic-scale simulations have promoted the understanding of the reaction mechanism on the anode/electrolyte interface, the formation and evolution of the SEI layer, and their fundamental properties. This Perspective discusses the modeling and interpretations of anode/SEI/electrolyte interfaces through computational methods at the atomic-scale and highlights interfacial modeling techniques for a realistic interface design, which can overcome the limited time and length scale with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Min You
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Ko
- Next Gen. Battery R&D Center, SK On, Daejeon 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Back
- Next Gen. Battery R&D Center, SK On, Daejeon 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunguk Kwon
- Department of Future Energy Convergence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeounghak Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Zhu S, Fan J, Li Z, Wu J, Xiao M, Du P, Wang X, Jia L. Metal exsolution from perovskite-based anodes in solid oxide fuel cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1062-1071. [PMID: 38167745 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are highly efficient and environmentally friendly devices for converting fuel into electrical energy. In this regard, metal nanoparticles (NPs) loaded onto the anode oxide play a crucial role due to their exceptional catalytic activity. NPs synthesized through exsolution exhibit excellent dispersion and stability, garnering significant attention for comprehending the exsolution process mechanism and consequently improving synthesis effectiveness. This review presents recent advancements in the exsolution process, focusing on the influence of oxygen vacancies, A-site defects, lattice strain, and phase transformation on the variation of the octahedral crystal field in perovskites. Moreover, we offer insights into future research directions to further enhance our understanding of the mechanism and achieve significant exsolution of NPs on perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Junde Fan
- Yueyang Yumeikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yueyang, 414100, P. R. China
| | - Zongbao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Mengqin Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Pengxuan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Lichao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Kim JK, Kim S, Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim K, Jung W, Han JW. Dynamic Surface Evolution of Metal Oxides for Autonomous Adaptation to Catalytic Reaction Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203370. [PMID: 35738568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxides possessing distinctive physical/chemical properties due to different crystal structures and stoichiometries play a pivotal role in numerous current technologies, especially heterogeneous catalysis for production/conversion of high-valued chemicals and energy. To date, many researchers have investigated the effect of the structure and composition of these materials on their reactivity to various chemical and electrochemical reactions. However, metal oxide surfaces evolve from their initial form under dynamic reaction conditions due to the autonomous behaviors of the constituent atoms to adapt to the surrounding environment. Such nanoscale surface phenomena complicate reaction mechanisms and material properties, interrupting the clarification of the origin of functionality variations in reaction environments. In this review, the current findings on the spontaneous surface reorganization of metal oxides during reactions are categorized into three types: 1) the appearance of nano-sized second phase from oxides, 2) the (partial) encapsulation of oxide atoms toward supported metal surfaces, and 3) the oxide surface reconstruction with selective cation leaching in aqueous solution. Then their effects on each reaction are summarized in terms of activity and stability, providing novel insight for those who design metal-oxide-based catalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyeounghak Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - WooChul Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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Kim JH, Mo SI, Park GS, Yun JW. Characteristics of Sr0.92Y0.08Ti1−xNixO3−δ anode for direct internal steam methane reforming in solid oxide fuel cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kousi K, Tang C, Metcalfe IS, Neagu D. Emergence and Future of Exsolved Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006479. [PMID: 33787009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supported nanoparticle systems have received increased attention over the last decades because of their potential for high activity levels when applied to chemical conversions, although, because of their nanoscale nature, they tend to exhibit problems with long-term durability. Over the last decade, the discovery of the so-called exsolution concept has addressed many of these challenges and opened many other opportunities to material design by providing a relatively simple, single-step, synthetic pathway to produce supported nanoparticles that combine high stability against agglomeration and poisoning with high activity across multiple areas of application. Here, the trends that define the development of the exsolution concept are reviewed in terms of design, functionality, tunability, and applicability. To support this, the number of studies dedicated to both fundamental and application-related studies, as well as the types of metallic nanoparticles and host or support lattices employed, are examined. Exciting future directions of research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- Department of Process and Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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