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Nikolaraki E, Goula G, Panagiotopoulou P, Taylor MJ, Kousi K, Kyriakou G, Kondarides DI, Lambert RM, Yentekakis IV. Support Induced Effects on the Ir Nanoparticles Activity, Selectivity and Stability Performance under CO 2 Reforming of Methane. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11112880. [PMID: 34835645 PMCID: PMC8624188 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production of syngas (H2 and CO)—a key building block for the manufacture of liquid energy carriers, ammonia and hydrogen—through the dry (CO2−) reforming of methane (DRM) continues to gain attention in heterogeneous catalysis, renewable energy technologies and sustainable economy. Here we report on the effects of the metal oxide support (γ-Al2O3, alumina-ceria-zirconia (ACZ) and ceria-zirconia (CZ)) on the low-temperature (ca. 500–750 °C) DRM activity, selectivity, resistance against carbon deposition and iridium nanoparticles sintering under oxidative thermal aging. A variety of characterization techniques were implemented to provide insight into the factors that determine iridium intrinsic DRM kinetics and stability, including metal-support interactions and physicochemical properties of materials. All Ir/γ-Al2O3, Ir/ACZ and Ir/CZ catalysts have stable DRM performance with time-on-stream, although supports with high oxygen storage capacity (ACZ and CZ) promoted CO2 conversion, yielding CO-enriched syngas. CZ-based supports endow Ir exceptional anti-sintering characteristics. The amount of carbon deposition was small in all catalysts, however decreasing as Ir/γ-Al2O3 > Ir/ACZ > Ir/CZ. The experimental findings are consistent with a bifunctional reaction mechanism involving participation of oxygen vacancies on the support’s surface in CO2 activation and carbon removal, and overall suggest that CZ-supported Ir nanoparticles are promising catalysts for low-temperature dry reforming of methane (LT-DRM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersi Nikolaraki
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece; (E.N.); (G.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Grammatiki Goula
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece; (E.N.); (G.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece; (E.N.); (G.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Martin J. Taylor
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Georgios Kyriakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 265 04 Patras, Greece; (G.K.); (D.I.K.)
- Energy & Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Dimitris I. Kondarides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 265 04 Patras, Greece; (G.K.); (D.I.K.)
| | | | - Ioannis V. Yentekakis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece; (E.N.); (G.G.); (P.P.)
- Institute of Petroleum Research—Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IPR-FORTH), 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Supported nanoparticle systems have received increased attention over the last decades because of their potential for high activity levels when applied to chemical conversions, although, because of their nanoscale nature, they tend to exhibit problems with long-term durability. Over the last decade, the discovery of the so-called exsolution concept has addressed many of these challenges and opened many other opportunities to material design by providing a relatively simple, single-step, synthetic pathway to produce supported nanoparticles that combine high stability against agglomeration and poisoning with high activity across multiple areas of application. Here, the trends that define the development of the exsolution concept are reviewed in terms of design, functionality, tunability, and applicability. To support this, the number of studies dedicated to both fundamental and application-related studies, as well as the types of metallic nanoparticles and host or support lattices employed, are examined. Exciting future directions of research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- Department of Process and Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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Abstract
Supported bimetallic nanoparticles used for various chemical transformations appear to be more appealing than their monometallic counterparts, because of their unique properties mainly originating from the synergistic effects between the two different metals. Exsolution, a relatively new preparation method for supported nanoparticles, has earned increasing attention for bimetallic systems in the past decade, not only due to the high stability of the resulting nanoparticles but also for the potential to control key particle properties (size, composition, structure, morphology, etc.). In this review, we summarize the trends and advances on exsolution of bimetallic systems and provide prospects for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering.Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering.Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- Department of Process and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Ian S. Metcalfe
- School of Engineering.Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
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Tang C, Kousi K, Neagu D, Metcalfe IS. Frontispiece: Trends and Prospects of Bimetallic Exsolution. Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202182264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering. Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering. Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- Department of Process and Chemical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Ian S. Metcalfe
- School of Engineering. Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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Calì E, Kerherve G, Naufal F, Kousi K, Neagu D, Papaioannou EI, Thomas MP, Guiton BS, Metcalfe IS, Irvine JTS, Payne DJ. Exsolution of Catalytically Active Iridium Nanoparticles from Strontium Titanate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:37444-37453. [PMID: 32698571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The search for new functional materials that combine high stability and efficiency with reasonable cost and ease of synthesis is critical for their use in renewable energy applications. Specifically in catalysis, nanoparticles, with their high surface-to-volume ratio, can overcome the cost implications associated with otherwise having to use large amounts of noble metals. However, commercialized materials, that is, catalytic nanoparticles deposited on oxide supports, often suffer from loss of activity because of coarsening and carbon deposition during operation. Exsolution has proven to be an interesting strategy to overcome such issues. Here, the controlled emergence, or exsolution, of faceted iridium nanoparticles from a doped SrTiO3 perovskite is reported and their growth preliminary probed by in situ electron microscopy. Upon reduction of SrIr0.005Ti0.995O3, the generated nanoparticles show embedding into the oxide support, therefore preventing agglomeration and subsequent catalyst degradation. The advantages of this approach are the extremely low noble metal amount employed (∼0.5% weight) and the catalytic activity reported during CO oxidation tests, where the performance of the exsolved SrIr0.005Ti0.995O3 is compared to the activity of a commercial catalyst with 1% loading (1% Ir/Al2O3). The high activity obtained with such low doping shows the possibility of scaling up this new catalyst, reducing the high cost associated with iridium-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Calì
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Gwilherm Kerherve
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Faris Naufal
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Dragos Neagu
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | | | - Melonie P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Beth S Guiton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Kousi K, Neagu D, Bekris L, Papaioannou EI, Metcalfe IS. Endogenous Nanoparticles Strain Perovskite Host Lattice Providing Oxygen Capacity and Driving Oxygen Exchange and CH
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Conversion to Syngas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Kousi
- School of EngineeringNewcastle University Newcastle Merz Court NE1 7RU UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- School of EngineeringNewcastle University Newcastle Merz Court NE1 7RU UK
| | - Leonidas Bekris
- School of EngineeringNewcastle University Newcastle Merz Court NE1 7RU UK
| | | | - Ian S. Metcalfe
- School of EngineeringNewcastle University Newcastle Merz Court NE1 7RU UK
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Kousi K, Neagu D, Bekris L, Papaioannou EI, Metcalfe IS. Endogenous Nanoparticles Strain Perovskite Host Lattice Providing Oxygen Capacity and Driving Oxygen Exchange and CH 4 Conversion to Syngas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2510-2519. [PMID: 31804017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Particles dispersed on the surface of oxide supports have enabled a wealth of applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and heterogeneous catalysis. Dispersing nanoparticles within the bulk of oxides is, however, synthetically much more challenging and therefore less explored, but could open new dimensions to control material properties analogous to substitutional doping of ions in crystal lattices. Here we demonstrate such a concept allowing extensive, controlled growth of metallic nanoparticles, at nanoscale proximity, within a perovskite oxide lattice as well as on its surface. By employing operando techniques, we show that in the emergent nanostructure, the endogenous nanoparticles and the perovskite lattice become reciprocally strained and seamlessly connected, enabling enhanced oxygen exchange. Additionally, even deeply embedded nanoparticles can reversibly exchange oxygen with a methane stream, driving its redox conversion to syngas with remarkable selectivity and long term cyclability while surface particles are present. These results not only exemplify the means to create extensive, self-strained nanoarchitectures with enhanced oxygen transport and storage capabilities, but also demonstrate that deeply submerged, redox-active nanoparticles could be entirely accessible to reaction environments, driving redox transformations and thus offering intriguing new alternatives to design materials underpinning several energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Merz Court, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dragos Neagu
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Merz Court, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Leonidas Bekris
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Merz Court, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Merz Court, NE1 7RU, UK
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Kyriakou V, Neagu D, Zafeiropoulos G, Sharma RK, Tang C, Kousi K, Metcalfe IS, van de Sanden MCM, Tsampas MN. Symmetrical Exsolution of Rh Nanoparticles in Solid Oxide Cells for Efficient Syngas Production from Greenhouse Gases. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kyriakou
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dragos Neagu
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Georgios Zafeiropoulos
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Ian S. Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | | | - Mihalis N. Tsampas
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Neagu D, Kyriakou V, Roiban IL, Aouine M, Tang C, Caravaca A, Kousi K, Schreur-Piet I, Metcalfe IS, Vernoux P, van de Sanden MCM, Tsampas MN. In Situ Observation of Nanoparticle Exsolution from Perovskite Oxides: From Atomic Scale Mechanistic Insight to Nanostructure Tailoring. ACS Nano 2019; 13:12996-13005. [PMID: 31633907 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the formation of nanoparticles at the surface of functional oxide supports is critical for tuning activity and stability for catalytic and energy conversion applications. Here, we use a latest generation environmental transmission electron microscope to follow the exsolution of individual nanoparticles at the surface of perovskite oxides, with ultrahigh spatial and temporal resolution. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data reveals the atomic scale processes that underpin the formation of the socketed, strain-inducing interface that confers exsolved particles their exceptional stability and reactivity. This insight also enabled us to discover that the shape of exsolved particles can be controlled by changing the atmosphere in which exsolution is carried out, and additionally, this could also produce intriguing heterostructures consisting of metal-metal oxide coupled nanoparticles. Our results not only provide insight into the in situ formation of nanoparticles but also demonstrate the tailoring of nanostructures and nanointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Neagu
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Kyriakou
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Ioan-Lucian Roiban
- Univ Lyon, Insa-Lyon , Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5510, Mateis, 7 av Jean Capelle , 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Mimoun Aouine
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS - UMR 5256, IRCELYON , 2 avenue A. Einstein , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Angel Caravaca
- Univ Lyon, Insa-Lyon , Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5510, Mateis, 7 av Jean Capelle , 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Ingeborg Schreur-Piet
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Vernoux
- Univ Lyon, Insa-Lyon , Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5510, Mateis, 7 av Jean Capelle , 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Mauritius C M van de Sanden
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Mihalis N Tsampas
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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Tang C, Kousi K, Neagu D, Portolés J, Papaioannou EI, Metcalfe IS. Towards efficient use of noble metals via exsolution exemplified for CO oxidation. Nanoscale 2019; 11:16935-16944. [PMID: 31490503 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many catalysts and in particular automotive exhaust catalysts usually consist of noble metal nanoparticles dispersed on metal oxide supports. While highly active, such catalysts are expensive and prone to deactivation by sintering and thus alternative methods for their production are being sought to ensure more efficient use of noble metals. Exsolution has been shown to be an approach to produce confined nanoparticles, which in turn are more stable against agglomeration, and, at the same time strained, displaying enhanced activity. While exsolution has been extensively investigated for relatively high metal loadings, it has yet to be explored for dilute loadings which is expected to be more challenging but more suitable for application of noble metals. Here we explore the substitution of Rh into an A-site deficient perovskite titante aiming to investigate the possibility of exsolving from dilute amounts of noble metal substituted perovskites. We show that this is possible and in spite of certain limitations, they still compete well against conventionally prepared samples with higher apparent surface loading when applied for CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Tang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Kalliopi Kousi
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Dragos Neagu
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - José Portolés
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | | | - Ian S Metcalfe
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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