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Jia M, Wang X, Gong W, Zhong J, Leng Z, Ren L, Feng L, Guo L, Gao L, Liang X, Chen E, Tang W, Huang Q, Zhang Q, Jiang G, Zhao S, Liu Z, Feng Y, Qi L, Ma L, Huang T, Yue Y, Wang J, Jiang B, Xu L, Wang J, Yang W, Wang C. Humoral responses after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5746-5757. [PMID: 35941840 PMCID: PMC9537985 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated and compared humoral immune responses after inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among naïve individuals, asymptomatically infected individuals, and recovered patients with varying severity. In this multicenter, prospective cohort study, blood samples from 666 participants were collected before and after 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Among 392 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-naïve individuals, the seroconversion rate increased significantly from 51.8% (median antispike protein pan-immunoglobulins [S-Igs] titer: 0.8 U/ml) after the first dose to 96% (median S-Igs titer: 79.5 U/ml) after the second dose. Thirty-two percent of naïve individuals had detectable neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain but all of them lost neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In 274 individuals with natural infection, humoral immunity was significantly improved after a single vaccine dose, with median S-Igs titers of 596.7, 1176, 1086.5, and 1828 U/ml for asymptomatic infections, mild cases, moderate cases, and severe/critical cases, respectively. NAb titers also improved significantly. However, the second dose did not substantially increase antibody levels. Although a booster dose is needed for those without infection, our findings indicate that recovered patients should receive only a single dose of the vaccine, regardless of the clinical severity, until there is sufficient evidence to confirm the benefits of a second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wensheng Gong
- Xiangyang Center for Disease Control & PreventionXiangyangChina
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Li Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lidong Gao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangshaChina,Hunan Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and PreventionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xian Liang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduChina
| | - Enfu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhejiangChina
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Qiangru Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Shanlu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangshaChina,Hunan Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and PreventionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhu Liu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduChina
| | - Yan Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhejiangChina
| | - Li Qi
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Libing Ma
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong Yue
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduChina
| | - Ju Wang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Binshan Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Liuhui Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Center for Respiratory MedicineBeijingChina,Chinese Academy of EngineeringBeijingChina
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