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Mustafa M, Abbas K, Alam M, Ahmad W, Moinuddin, Usmani N, Siddiqui SA, Habib S. Molecular pathways and therapeutic targets linked to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:895-913. [PMID: 37247161 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth, abnormal morphology, and altered proliferation. Cancerous cells lose their ability to act as anchors, allowing them to spread throughout the body and infiltrate nearby cells, tissues, and organs. If these cells are not identified and treated promptly, they will likely spread. Around 70% of female breast cancers are caused by a mutation in the BRCA gene, specifically BRCA1. The absence of progesterone, oestrogen and HER2 receptors (human epidermal growth factor) distinguishes the TNBC subtype of breast cancer. There were approximately 6,85,000 deaths worldwide and 2.3 million new breast cancer cases in women in 2020. Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally, affecting 7.8 million people at the end of 2020. Compared to other cancer types, breast cancer causes more women to lose disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Worldwide, women can develop breast cancer at any age after puberty, but rates increase with age. The maintenance of mammary stem cell stemness is disrupted in TNBC, governed by signalling cascades controlling healthy mammary gland growth and development. Interpreting these essential cascades may facilitate an in-depth understanding of TNBC cancer and the search for an appropriate therapeutic target. Its treatment remains challenging because it lacks specific receptors, which renders hormone therapy and medications ineffective. In addition to radiotherapy, numerous recognized chemotherapeutic medicines are available as inhibitors of signalling pathways, while others are currently undergoing clinical trials. This article summarizes the vital druggable targets, therapeutic approaches, and strategies associated with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mudassir Alam
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waleem Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nazura Usmani
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shahid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Radiotherapy, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Nees J, Struewe F, Schott S. Medical students' knowledge on cancer predisposition syndromes and attitude toward eHealth. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1535-1541. [PMID: 37934269 PMCID: PMC10894105 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) inherit elevated cancer risks. Medical supply gaps for people at risk of CPS cause insufficient outreach and miss potential benefits of individualized care strategies. Increased awareness of CPS and progress in the eHealth sector are untapped sources of health care improvement for affected individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS This study addressed German-speaking medical students with an online questionnaire in respect to their knowledge of CPS, their medical education, and perspectives. The study population (n = 404) reported interest in and knowledge of CPS, supported by a satisfactory and sustainable education for their prospective patient care. The next generation of doctors would implement eHealth to improve medical services. Skepticism about digitization was claimed by students. They were especially concerned about deterioration in the physician-patient relationship, data abuse, dependence on technology, and incorrect diagnoses. CONCLUSION Due to increasing diagnosing of CPS and deeper knowledge, this topic is essential for the curriculum in medical schools. In particular, care providers need know-how on identifying patients at risk for a CPS, certain diagnostic and therapeutic steps, surveillance and prophylactic strategies to improve patients' outcomes. Education in medical school as well as implemented eHealth seems to have potential to meet this demand in an upcoming era of personalized medicine. What does this study add to the clinical work. Medical teaching on cancer predisposition syndromes should be expanded to improve knowledge and individualized and personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Nees
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Farina Struewe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chatterjee P, Karn R, Isaac AE, Ray S. Unveiling the vulnerabilities of synthetic lethality in triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3057-3072. [PMID: 37079210 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive molecular subtype of breast cancer (BC), accounting for about nearly 15% of all BC cases reported annually. The absence of the three major BC hormone receptors, Estrogen (ER), Progesterone (PR), and Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2) receptor, accounts for the characteristic "Triple negative" phraseology. The absence of these marked receptors makes this cancer insensitive to classical endocrine therapeutic approaches. Hence, the available treatment options remain solemnly limited to only conventional realms of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Moreover, these therapeutic regimes are often accompanied by numerous treatment side-effects that account for early distant metastasis, relapse, and shorter overall survival in TNBC patients. The rigorous ongoing research in the field of clinical oncology has identified certain gene-based selective tumor-targeting susceptibilities, which are known to account for the molecular fallacies and mutation-based genetic alterations that develop the progression of TNBC. One such promising approach is synthetic lethality, which identifies novel drug targets of cancer, from undruggable oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, which cannot be otherwise clasped by the conventional approaches of mutational analysis. Herein, a holistic scientific review is presented, to undermine the mechanisms of synthetic lethal (SL) interactions in TNBC, the epigenetic crosstalks encountered, the role of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in inducing SL interactions, and the limitations faced by the lethal interactors. Thus, the future predicament of synthetic lethal interactions in the advancement of modern translational TNBC research is assessed with specific emphasis on patient-specific personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Karn
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Arnold Emerson Isaac
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Smita Ray
- Department of Botany, Bethune College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India.
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Huang Z, Xian T, Meng X, Hu H, Gao L, Huang J, Yang D, Ou K, Wang B, Zhang Y. Multifunctional Novel Nanoplatform for Effective Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer by Enhancing DNA Damage and Disruptions of Its Reparation. Molecules 2023; 28:6972. [PMID: 37836815 PMCID: PMC10574765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective noninvasive therapeutic strategy that has been widely used for anti-tumor therapy by the generation of excessive highly cytotoxic ROS. However, the poor water solubility of the photosensitizer, reactive oxygen species (ROS) depleting by high concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment and the activation of DNA repair pathways to combat the oxidative damage, will significantly limit the therapeutic effect of PDT. Herein, we developed a photosensitizer prodrug (CSP) by conjugating the photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a (PPa) and the DNA-damaging agent Chlorambucil (Cb) with a GSH-responsive disulfide linkage and demonstrated a multifunctional co-delivery nanoplatform (CSP/Ola nanoparticles (NPs)) together with DSPE-PEG2000 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib (Ola). The CSP/Ola NPs features excellent physiological stability, efficient loading capacity, much better cellular uptake behavior and photodynamic performance. Specifically, the nanoplatform could induce elevated intracellular ROS levels upon the in situ generation of ROS during PDT, and decrease ROS consumption by reducing intracellular GSH level. Moreover, the CSP/Ola NPs could amplify DNA damage by released Cb and inhibit the activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), promote the upregulation of γ-H2AX, thereby blocking the DNA repair pathway to sensitize tumor cells for PDT. In vitro investigations revealed that CSP/Ola NPs showed excellent phototoxicity and the IC50 values of CSP/Ola NPs against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were as low as 0.05-01 μM after PDT. As a consequence, the co-delivery nanoplatform greatly promotes the tumor cell apoptosis and shows a high antitumor performance with combinational chemotherapy and PDT. Overall, this work provides a potential alternative to improve the therapeutic efficiency of triple negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) treatment by synergistically enhancing DNA damage and disrupting DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
| | - Tong Xian
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Huaisong Hu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Lixia Gao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Donglin Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Kepeng Ou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
| | - Yimei Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (Z.H.); (T.X.); (X.M.); (H.H.); (L.G.); (J.H.); (D.Y.); (K.O.)
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Zhong J, Zong S, Wang J, Feng M, Wang J, Zhang H, Xiong L. Role of neutrophils on cancer cells and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119493. [PMID: 37201766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The notion that neutrophils only perform a specific set of single functions in the body has changed with the advancement of research methods. As the most abundant myeloid cells in human blood, neutrophils are currently emerging as important regulators of cancer. Given the duality of neutrophils, neutrophil-based tumor therapy has been clinically carried out in recent years and has made some progress. But due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the therapeutic effect is still not satisfactory. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the direct interaction of neutrophils with the five most common cancer cells and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Also, this review covered current limitations, potential future possibilities, and therapeutic approaches targeting neutrophil function in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Siwen Zong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiayang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mingrui Feng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian province university, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330066, China.
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian province university, Xiamen 361023, China.
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Jain P. Unlocking Therapeutic Potential of Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors in Metastatic Breast Cancer With BRCA Gene Mutations: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46405. [PMID: 37927769 PMCID: PMC10620979 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), a significant global health concern, impacts millions of women worldwide. A key genetic factor in this disease is the presence of BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) mutations, which increase susceptibility to BC. This narrative review explores the crucial role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in treating metastatic BC in individuals with BRCA gene mutations. In BRCA mutation carriers, these inhibitors induce synthetic lethality, leading to cell death due to the accumulation of lethal DNA breaks. Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors, such as olaparib and talazoparib, in extending progression-free survival and response rates, especially in patients without prior chemotherapy. Moreover, this review discusses combination therapies, where PARP inhibitors are combined with cytostatic drugs like platinum-based chemotherapy. Some studies show the synergy of these approaches, even in patients without homologous recombination deficiency. In summary, PARP inhibitors offer hope for improving outcomes in metastatic BC patients with BRCA gene mutations. As research advances, PARP inhibitors continue to hold promise in the fight against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Jain
- Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
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Mo J, Borcherding N, Jo S, Tithi TI, Cho E, Cash KE, Honda M, Wang L, Ahmed KK, Weigel R, Spies M, Kolb R, Zhang W. Contrasting roles of different mismatch repair proteins in basal-like breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549745. [PMID: 37745359 PMCID: PMC10515760 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is known as a tumor suppressive pathway and genes involved in MMR are commonly mutated in hereditary colorectal or other cancer types. However, the function of MMR genes/proteins in breast cancer progression and metastasis are largely unknown. We found that MSH2, but not MLH1, is highly enriched in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and that its protein expression is inversely correlated with overall survival time (OS). MSH2 expression is frequently elevated due to genomic amplification or gain-of-expression in BLBC, which results in increased MSH2 protein to pair with MSH6 (collectively referred to as MutSα). Genetic deletion of MSH2 or MLH1 results in a contrasting phenotype in metastasis, with MSH2-deletion leading to reduced metastasis and MLH1-deletion to enhanced liver or lung metastasis. Mechanistically, MSH2-deletion induces the expression of a panel of chemokines in BLBC via epigenetic and/or transcriptional regulation, which leads to an immune reactive tumor microenvironment (TME) and elevated immune cell infiltrations. MLH1 is not correlated with chemokine expression and/or immune cell infiltration in BLBC, but its deletion results in strong accumulation of neutrophils that are known for metastasis promotion. Our study supports the differential functions of MSH2 and MLH1 in BLBC progression and metastasis, which challenges the paradigm of the MMR pathway as a universal tumor suppressive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Mo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: R & D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
- Current: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sung Jo
- Department of Pathology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
- Current: R & D, Carbon Biosciences, Waltham, MA 02451
| | - Tanzia Islam Tithi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Edward Cho
- Department of Pathology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
- Department of Surgery, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Kailey E Cash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Masayoshi Honda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kawther K. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
- Current: Department of Pharmaceutics, the University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy, Bab-almoadham, PO Box 14026, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ronald Weigel
- Department of Surgery, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Maria Spies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center (UFHCC), the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Suzuki M, Kasajima R, Yokose T, Shimizu E, Hatakeyama S, Yamaguchi K, Yokoyama K, Katayama K, Yamaguchi R, Furukawa Y, Miyano S, Imoto S, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Ushiku T, Miyagi Y. KMT2C expression and DNA homologous recombination repair factors in lung cancers with a high-grade fetal adenocarcinoma component. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1738-1751. [PMID: 37691868 PMCID: PMC10483084 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background High-grade fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (H-FLAC) is a rare variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Our previous study showed a high frequency of KMT2C mutations in lung cancers with an H-FLAC component, showing that KMT2C dysfunction may be associated with the biological features of H-FLACs. Methods In this study, we performed RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes and corresponding pathways associated with H-FLACs, compared with common adenocarcinomas. Results Ingenuity pathway analysis based on RNA sequencing data revealed that DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathways were significantly inactivated in H-FLAC. Expression of KMT2C, ATM, ATR, and BRCA2 was significantly lower in H-FLACs than in common adenocarcinomas, and BRCA1 expression showed a decreasing trend. Pearson correlation analyses for all cases revealed that KMT2C expression showed a strong positive correlation (R>0.7) with the expression of ATR, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes and a moderately positive correlation with ATM expression (R=0.47). Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly lower levels of KMT2C, ATM, ATR, and BRCA2 expression in H-FLACs than in common adenocarcinomas, and a trend of lower BRCA1 levels. Additionally, KMT2C expression showed a weak to moderate correlation with that of ATM, ATR, BRCA1, and BRCA2. Conclusions Cancers containing H-FLAC components showed lower levels of KMT2C and HRR factors than common lung adenocarcinomas, and their levels exhibited a positive correlation. These results support the hypothesis that loss of KMT2C function decreases the expression of the HRR factors in H-FLACs. H-FLACs with low KMT2C expression may be a good indication for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rika Kasajima
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eigo Shimizu
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seira Hatakeyama
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoe Katayama
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Data Science, Medical and Dental Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
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Tufail M. DNA repair pathways in breast cancer: from mechanisms to clinical applications. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06995-z. [PMID: 37289340 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with various subtypes and genetic alterations that impact DNA repair pathways. Understanding these pathways is essential for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes. AREA COVERED This study investigates the significance of DNA repair pathways in breast cancer, specifically focusing on various pathways such as nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination repair, non-homologous end joining, fanconi anemia pathway, translesion synthesis, direct repair, and DNA damage tolerance. The study also examines the role of these pathways in breast cancer resistance and explores their potential as targets for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Recent advances in targeted therapies have shown promise in exploiting DNA repair pathways for BC treatment. However, much research is needed to improve the efficacy of these therapies and identify new targets. Additionally, personalized treatments that target specific DNA repair pathways based on tumor subtype or genetic profile are being developed. Advances in genomics and imaging technologies can potentially improve patient stratification and identify biomarkers of treatment response. However, many challenges remain, including toxicity, resistance, and the need for more personalized treatments. Continued research and development in this field could significantly improve BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Shram SI, Shcherbakova TA, Abramova TV, Baradieva EC, Efremova AS, Smirnovskaya MS, Silnikov VN, Švedas VK, Nilov DK. Natural Guanine Derivatives Exert PARP-Inhibitory and Cytoprotective Effects in a Model of Cardiomyocyte Damage under Oxidative Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:783-791. [PMID: 37748874 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are considered as promising agents for treatment of cardiovascular, neurological, and other diseases accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. Previously, the ability of natural compounds 7-methylguanine (7mGua) and 8-hydroxy-7-methylguanine (8h7mGua) to suppress activity of the recombinant PARP protein was demonstrated. In the present work, we have investigated the possibility of PARP-inhibitory and cytoprotective action of 7mGua and 8h7mGua against the rat cardiomyoblast cultures (undifferentiated and differentiated H9c2). It was found that 7mGua and 8h7mGua rapidly penetrate into the cells and effectively suppress the H2O2-stimulated PARP activation (IC50 = 270 and 55 μM, respectively). The pronounced cytoprotective effects of 7mGua and 8h7mGua were shown in a cellular model of oxidative stress, and effectiveness of 8h7mGua exceeded the classic PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide. The obtained data indicate promise for the development of PARP inhibitors based on guanine derivatives and their testing using the models of ischemia-reperfusion tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav I Shram
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Tatyana A Shcherbakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Abramova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Erzhena C Baradieva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Anna S Efremova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir N Silnikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vytas K Švedas
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Dmitry K Nilov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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11
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Kuo CY, Moi SH, Hou MF, Luo CW, Pan MR. Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Cluster Predicts Prognosis and Clinical Benefit of Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065583. [PMID: 36982660 PMCID: PMC10055970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment provided for breast cancer depends on the expression of hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and cancer staging. Surgical intervention, along with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is the mainstay of treatment. Currently, precision medicine has led to personalized treatment using reliable biomarkers for the heterogeneity of breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications contribute to tumorigenesis through alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Our aim was to investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in genes involved in breast cancer. A total of 486 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-cancer BRCA project were enrolled in our study. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis further divided the 31 candidate genes into 2 clusters according to the optimal number. Kaplan–Meier plots showed worse progression-free survival (PFS) in the high-risk group of gene cluster 1 (GC1). In addition, the high-risk group showed worse PFS in GC1 with lymph node invasion, which also presented a trend of better PFS when chemotherapy was combined with radiotherapy than when chemotherapy was administered alone. In conclusion, we developed a novel panel using hierarchical clustering that high-risk groups of GC1 may be promising predictive biomarkers in the clinical treatment of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Kuo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2260) (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5092-34) (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3165011 (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2260) (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5092-34) (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3165011 (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
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12
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Hadebe B, Harry L, Ebrahim T, Pillay V, Vorster M. The Role of PET/CT in Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040597. [PMID: 36832085 PMCID: PMC9955497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung cancer (11.4%) The current literature and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines state that 18F-FDG PET/CT is not routine for early diagnosis of breast cancer, and rather PET/CT scanning should be performed for patients with stage III disease or when conventional staging studies yield non-diagnostic or suspicious results because this modality has been shown to upstage patients compared to conventional imaging and thus has an impact on disease management and prognosis. Furthermore, with the growing interest in precision therapy in breast cancer, numerous novel radiopharmaceuticals have been developed that target tumor biology and have the potential to non-invasively guide the most appropriate targeted therapy. This review discusses the role of 18F-FDG PET and other PET tracers beyond FDG in breast cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bawinile Hadebe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Lerwine Harry
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Tasmeera Ebrahim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Venesen Pillay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
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13
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Chitra Veena S, Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with <I>BRCA1</I> and <I>BRCA2</I> gene. SIBERIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 21:145-155. [DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-145-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discussed as the basis of inherited adenocarcinoma and breast and ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women below 40 years of age, and prostate cancer mainly occurs in older men cause 90 % in those above sixty-fve.Objective. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ovarian and prostate cancer with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.Material and Methods. The ovarian and prostate cancer mechanism is discussed in detail, and their preventive measures with screening techniques are also demonstrated. This systematic review collected the related articles from online databases using the key terms ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BRCA genes, mutation, polymorphism, carcinoma, sarcoma, and genetic association.Results. Based on the obtained information, it is found that the BRCA genes are highly associated with prostate cancer in men, and in women, it is significantly linked with breast cancer than ovarian cancer.Conclusion. Therefore, early diagnosis and genetic testing for BRCA1&BRCA2 genes in both men and women are necessary. In some cases, these genes might even cause different types of cancer like pancreatic cancers. Identifying individuals with tumour-HRD through mutations in the homologous repair pathway and determining this gene expression is essential to improve treatment techniques developed during the previous decade and rapidly make their way into clinical trials practice. However, the safe introduction of these medicines into everyday practice will require a thorough understanding of treatment targets and associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarpparajan Chitra Veena
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Mohammed Vajagathali
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
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14
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Subhan MA, Torchilin VP. Biopolymer-Based Nanosystems for siRNA Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors including Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010153. [PMID: 36678782 PMCID: PMC9861964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiopolymers such as chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, polyglutamic acid, lipids, peptides, exosomes, etc., delivery systems have prospects to help overwhelmed physiological difficulties allied with the delivery of siRNA drugs to solid tumors, including breast cancer cells. Nanobiopolymers have favorable stimuli-responsive properties and therefore can be utilized to improve siRNA delivery platforms to undruggable MDR metastatic cancer cells. These biopolymeric siRNA drugs can shield drugs from pH degradation, extracellular trafficking, and nontargeted binding sites and are consequently suitable for drug internalization in a controlled-release fashion. In this review, the utilization of numerous biopolymeric compounds such as siRNA drug delivery systems for MDR solid tumors, including breast cancers, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (V.P.T.)
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Eastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Eastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (V.P.T.)
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15
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Harriman JW, Espinel WF, Vagher J, Gammon A. BRCA1/2 Variants Identified Through Tumor Genomic Profiling: Assessing Genetic Counseling Outcomes. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100375. [DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As tumor genomic profiling (TGP) is increasingly used to help guide cancer treatment, BRCA variants, which may or may not be reflective of the germline genome, are being identified. As TGP use increases, it is becoming an important tool for referral to genetic counseling and identifying patients with hereditary cancer syndromes such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. This study explores genetic counseling referral patterns and germline implications of patients found to have pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants identified through TGP. METHODS Participants include patients at Huntsman Cancer Institute undergoing TGP through a single commercial laboratory between March 2014 and July 2018. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 62 patients found to have pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 on TGP. Data on genetic counseling referrals and uptake, germline test results, family history, and patient demographics were collected. RESULTS In the study time frame, 1,899 patients underwent TGP. Testing identified 67 PVs in BRCA1 (23 variants) or BRCA2 (44 variants) in 62 patients. Thirty-five patients first received a referral to a genetic counselor following TGP with 33 patients completing genetic counseling. Of the 30 patients who pursued germline genetic testing following TGP, 11 were discovered to have a previously unknown germline BRCA PV. Nine of these patients were the first in their family diagnosed with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION This study represents one institution's experience with genetic counseling referrals, uptake, and germline results following TGP. For some patients, TGP will be the first indicator of an underlying hereditary condition. Identifying patients with PVs (which may be germline) through TGP is an important new genetic counseling referral tool that can have important implications for the patient and their family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitney F. Espinel
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jennie Vagher
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Amanda Gammon
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
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16
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El-Ghobashy NM, El-Sayed SM, Shehata IA, El-Ashmawy MB. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of new benzoxazole derivatives as PARP-2 inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16246. [PMID: 36171229 PMCID: PMC9519869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many benzoxazole-based and similar scaffolds were reported to have wide-range of anticancer activities. In this study, four series of benzoxazole derivatives were designed by combining benzoxazole scaffold with different amines via a reversed phenyl amide linker to produce the compounds of series A, B and C. A fourth new hybrid of benzoxazole with 1,2,3 triazole ring (series D) was also designed. The designed compounds were synthesized and screened for their anti-breast cancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. The most potent cytotoxic compounds; 11–14, 21, 22, 25–27 were further evaluated for their in vitro PARP-2 enzyme inhibition. Compounds 12 and 27 proved to be the most active PARP-2 inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.07 and 0.057 µM, respectively. Compounds 12 and 27 caused cell cycle arrest in mutant MCF-7 cell line at G2/M and G1/S phase, respectively and they possessed significant apoptosis-promoting activity. Docking results of compounds 12 and 27 into PARP-2 pocket demonstrated binding interactions comparable to those of olaparib. Their predicted pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability appeared to be appropriate. Collectively, it could be concluded that compounds 12 and 27 are promising anti-breast cancer agents that act as PARP-2 inhibitors with potent apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeen M El-Ghobashy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ihsan A Shehata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud B El-Ashmawy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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17
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Boni V, Pistilli B, Braña I, Shapiro GI, Trigo J, Moreno V, Castellano D, Fernández C, Kahatt C, Alfaro V, Siguero M, Zeaiter A, Longo F, Zaman K, Antón A, Paredes A, Huidobro G, Subbiah V. Lurbinectedin, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription, in patients with pretreated germline BRCA1/2 metastatic breast cancer: results from a phase II basket study. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100571. [PMID: 36037567 PMCID: PMC9588879 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lurbinectedin, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription, has shown preclinical antitumor activity against homologous recombination repair-deficient models and preliminary clinical activity in BRCA1/2 breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II basket multitumor trial (NCT02454972) evaluated lurbinectedin 3.2 mg/m2 1-h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in a cohort of 21 patients with pretreated germline BRCA1/2 breast cancer. Patients with any hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status were enrolled. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) according to RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS Confirmed partial response (PR) was observed in six patients [ORR = 28.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.3% to 52.2%] who had received a median of two prior advanced chemotherapy lines. Lurbinectedin was active in both BRCA mutations: four PRs in 11 patients (36.4%) with BRCA2 and two PRs in 10 patients (20.0%) with BRCA1. Median DoR was 8.6 months, median PFS was 4.1 months and median OS was 16.1 months. Stable disease (SD) was observed in 10 patients (47.6%), including 3 with unconfirmed response in a subsequent tumor assessment [ORR unconfirmed = 42.9% (95% CI 21.8% to 66.0%)]. Clinical benefit rate (PR + SD ≥ 4 months) was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8% to 91.8%). No objective response was observed among patients who had received prior poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were nausea (61.9%), fatigue (38.1%) and vomiting (23.8%). These AEs were mostly grade 1/2. The most common grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (42.9%: grade 4, 23.8%: with no febrile neutropenia). CONCLUSIONS This phase II study met its primary endpoint and showed activity of lurbinectedin in germline BRCA1/2 breast cancer. Lurbinectedin showed a predictable and manageable safety profile. Considering the exploratory aim of this trial as well as previous results in other phase II studies, further development of lurbinectedin in this indication is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boni
- START Madrid-CIOCC, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - I Braña
- Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Trigo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - V Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Castellano
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Kahatt
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Alfaro
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Siguero
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Zeaiter
- PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Longo
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Zaman
- University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Antón
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Paredes
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - G Huidobro
- Hospital Universitario de Vigo Alvaro Cunqueiro, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - V Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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18
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Triple negative breast cancer: approved treatment options and their mechanisms of action. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04189-6. [PMID: 35976445 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer worldwide, consists of 4 main subtypes, namely, Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-positive, and Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Triple-negative breast tumors, which do not express estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, account for approximately 15-20% of breast cancer cases. The lack of traditional receptor targets contributes to the heterogenous, aggressive, and refractory nature of these tumors, resulting in limited therapeutic strategies. METHODS Chemotherapeutics such as taxanes and anthracyclines have been the traditional go to treatment regimens for TNBC patients. Paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, and epirubicin have been longstanding, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies against TNBC. Additionally, the FDA approved PARP inhibitors such as olaparib and atezolizumab to be used in combination with chemotherapies, primarily to improve their efficiency and reduce adverse patient outcomes. The immunotherapeutic Keytruda was the latest addition to the FDA-approved list of drugs used to treat TNBC. RESULTS The following review aims to elucidate current FDA-approved therapeutics and their mechanisms of action, shedding a light on the various strategies currently used to circumvent the treatment-resistant nature of TNBC cases. CONCLUSION The recent approval and use of therapies such as Trodelvy, olaparib and Keytruda has its roots in the development of an understanding of signaling pathways that drive tumour growth. In the future, the emergence of novel drug delivery methods may help increase the efficiency of these therapies whiel also reducing adverse side effects.
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Di Donato M, Giovannelli P, Migliaccio A, Bilancio A. Inhibition of Vps34 and p110δ PI3K Impairs Migration, Invasion and Three-Dimensional Spheroid Growth in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169008. [PMID: 36012280 PMCID: PMC9409264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that represents the most common cancer around the world; it comprises 12% of new cases according to the World Health Organization. Despite new approaches in early diagnosis and current treatment, breast cancer is still the leading cause of death for cancer mortality. New targeted therapies against key signalling transduction molecules are required. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates multiple biological functions such as proliferation, survival, migration, and growth. It is well established that PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors show fewer toxic side effects compared to broad spectrum inhibition of PI3K (pan-PI3K inhibitors). Therefore, we tested the PI3K p110δ-selective inhibitor, IC87114, and Vps34-selective inhibitor, Vps34-IN1, on the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, representing hormone-responsive and triple-negative breast cancer cells, respectively. Our data show that both inhibitors decreased migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and Vps34 also significantly impacted MCF-7 cell proliferation. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture models show that IC87114 and Vps34-IN1 treatment reduced the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in 3D tumour spheroid cultures. This study identifies IC87114 and Vps34-IN1 as potential therapeutic approaches in breast cancer.
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Van Baelen K, Geukens T, Maetens M, Tjan-Heijnen V, Lord CJ, Linn S, Bidard FC, Richard F, Yang WW, Steele RE, Pettitt SJ, Van Ongeval C, De Schepper M, Isnaldi E, Nevelsteen I, Smeets A, Punie K, Voorwerk L, Wildiers H, Floris G, Vincent-Salomon A, Derksen PWB, Neven P, Senkus E, Sawyer E, Kok M, Desmedt C. Current and future diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with invasive lobular breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:769-785. [PMID: 35605746 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is the second most common type of breast cancer after invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST), representing up to 15% of all breast cancers. DESIGN Latest data on ILC are presented, focusing on diagnosis, molecular make-up according to the European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) guidelines, treatment in the early and metastatic setting and ILC-focused clinical trials. RESULTS At the imaging level, magnetic resonance imaging-based and novel positron emission tomography/computed tomography-based techniques can overcome the limitations of currently used imaging techniques for diagnosing ILC. At the pathology level, E-cadherin immunohistochemistry could help improving inter-pathologist agreement. The majority of patients with ILC do not seem to benefit as much from (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy as patients with NST, although chemotherapy might be required in a subset of high-risk patients. No differences in treatment efficacy are seen for anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies in the adjuvant setting and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors in the metastatic setting. The clinical utility of the commercially available prognostic gene expression-based tests is unclear for patients with ILC. Several ESCAT alterations differ in frequency between ILC and NST. Germline BRCA1 and PALB2 alterations are less frequent in patients with ILC, while germline CDH1 (gene coding for E-cadherin) alterations are more frequent in patients with ILC. Somatic HER2 mutations are more frequent in ILC, especially in metastases (15% ILC versus 5% NST). A high tumour mutational burden, relevant for immune checkpoint inhibition, is more frequent in ILC metastases (16%) than in NST metastases (5%). Tumours with somatic inactivating CDH1 mutations may be vulnerable for treatment with ROS1 inhibitors, a concept currently investigated in early and metastatic ILC. CONCLUSION ILC is a unique malignancy based on its pathological and biological features leading to differences in diagnosis as well as in treatment response, resistance and targets as compared to NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Van Baelen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Geukens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Maetens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Tjan-Heijnen
- Medical Oncology Department, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), School of GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S Linn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F-C Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, UVSQ/Paris-Saclav University, Paris, France
| | - F Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W W Yang
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R E Steele
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Van Ongeval
- Departments of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M De Schepper
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Isnaldi
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - A Smeets
- Surgical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Punie
- General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Voorwerk
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Wildiers
- General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - P W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Neven
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Senkus
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E Sawyer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Kok
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research (LTBCR), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Kurgina TA, Shram SI, Kutuzov MM, Abramova TV, Shcherbakova TA, Maltseva EA, Poroikov VV, Lavrik OI, Švedas VK, Nilov DK. Inhibitory Effects of 7-Methylguanine and Its Metabolite 8-Hydroxy-7-Methylguanine on Human Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:823-831. [PMID: 36171646 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have found that a nucleic acid metabolite, 7-methylguanine (7mGua), produced in the body can have an inhibitory effect on the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) enzyme, an important pharmacological target in anticancer therapy. In this work, using an original method of analysis of PARP1 activity based on monitoring fluorescence anisotropy, we studied inhibitory properties of 7mGua and its metabolite, 8-hydroxy-7-methylguanine (8h7mGua). Both compounds inhibited PARP1 enzymatic activity in a dose-dependent manner, however, 8h7mGua was shown to be a stronger inhibitor. The IC50 values for 8h7mGua at different concentrations of the NAD+ substrate were found to be 4 times lower, on average, than those for 7mGua. The more efficient binding of 8h7mGua in the PARP1 active site is explained by the presence of an additional hydrogen bond with the Glu988 catalytic residue. Experimental and computational studies did not reveal the effect of 7mGua and 8h7mGua on the activity of other DNA repair enzymes, indicating selectivity of their inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Kurgina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Shram
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Kutuzov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Abramova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Shcherbakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Maltseva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vytas K Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry K Nilov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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22
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Kirsanov K, Fetisov T, Antoshina E, Trukhanova L, Gor'kova T, Vlasova O, Khitrovo I, Lesovaya E, Kulbachevskaya N, Shcherbakova T, Belitsky G, Yakubovskaya M, Švedas V, Nilov D. Toxicological Properties of 7-Methylguanine, and Preliminary Data on its Anticancer Activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842316. [PMID: 35873588 PMCID: PMC9299380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Methylguanine (7-MG) competitively inhibits the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and RNA-modifying enzyme tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and represents a potential anticancer drug candidate. Furthermore, as a natural compound, it could escape the serious side effects characteristic for approved synthetic PARP inhibitors. Here we present a comprehensive study of toxicological and carcinogenic properties of 7-MG. It was demonstrated that 7-MG does not induce mutations or structural chromosomal abnormalities, and has no blastomogenic activity. A treatment regimen with 7-MG has been established in mice (50 mg/kg per os, 3 times per week), exerting no adverse effects or changes in morphology. Preliminary data on the 7-MG anticancer activity obtained on transplantable tumor models support our conclusions that 7-MG can become a promising new component of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kirsanov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Shcherbakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Vytas Švedas
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Nilov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Rubovszky G, Kocsis J, Boér K, Chilingirova N, Dank M, Kahán Z, Kaidarova D, Kövér E, Krakovská BV, Máhr K, Mriňáková B, Pikó B, Božović-Spasojević I, Horváth Z. Systemic Treatment of Breast Cancer. 1st Central-Eastern European Professional Consensus Statement on Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610383. [PMID: 35898593 PMCID: PMC9311257 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This text is based on the recommendations accepted by the 4th Hungarian Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer, modified based on the international consultation and conference within the frames of the Central-Eastern European Academy of Oncology. The professional guideline primarily reflects the resolutions and recommendations of the current ESMO, NCCN and ABC5, as well as that of the St. Gallen Consensus Conference statements. The recommendations cover classical prognostic factors and certain multigene tests, which play an important role in therapeutic decision-making. From a didactic point of view, the text first addresses early and then locally advanced breast cancer, followed by locoregionally recurrent and metastatic breast cancer. Within these, we discuss each group according to the available therapeutic options. At the end of the recommendations, we summarize the criteria for treatment in certain rare clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Rubovszky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Chest and Abdominal Tumours Chemotherapy “B”, Budapest, Hungary,*Correspondence: Gábor Rubovszky,
| | - Judit Kocsis
- Center of Oncoradiology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Katalin Boér
- Department of Oncology, Szent Margit Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nataliya Chilingirova
- Clinic Center of Excellence, Heart and Brain Hospital, Science and Research Institute, Medical University-Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Oncology Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Erika Kövér
- Institute of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bibiana Vertáková Krakovská
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia,Medical Oncology Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Károly Máhr
- Department of Oncology, Szent Rafael Hospital of Zala County, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Bela Mriňáková
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia,Medical Oncology Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Béla Pikó
- County Oncology Centre, Pándy Kálmán Hospital of Békés County Council, Gyula, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Horváth
- Center of Oncoradiology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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24
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Sarhangi N, Hajjari S, Heydari SF, Ganjizadeh M, Rouhollah F, Hasanzad M. Breast cancer in the era of precision medicine. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10023-10037. [PMID: 35733061 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disorder with different molecular subtypes and biological characteristics for which there are diverse therapeutic approaches and clinical outcomes specific to any molecular subtype. It is a global health concern due to a lack of efficient therapy regimens that might be used for all disease subtypes. Therefore, treatment customization for each patient depending on molecular characteristics should be considered. Precision medicine for breast cancer is an approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease that takes into consideration the patient's genetic makeup. Precision medicine provides the promise of highly individualized treatment, in which each individual breast cancer patient receives the most appropriate diagnostics and targeted therapies based on the genetic profile of cancer. The knowledge about the molecular features and development of breast cancer treatment approaches has increased, which led to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Tumor genomic profiling is the standard of care for breast cancer that could contribute to taking steps to better management of malignancies. It holds great promise for accurate prognostication, prediction of response to common systemic therapies, and individualized monitoring of the disease. The emergence of targeted treatment has significantly enhanced the survival of patients with breast cancer and contributed to reducing the economic costs of the health system. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic approaches associated with the molecular classification of breast cancer to help the best treatment selection specific to the target patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sarhangi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Hajjari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Fatemeh Heydari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ganjizadeh
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Xie B, Luo A. Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in DNA Repair Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903781. [PMID: 35557952 PMCID: PMC9089908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage is a complex process, which helps to maintain genome fidelity, and the ability of cancer cells to repair therapeutically DNA damage induced by clinical treatments will affect the therapeutic efficacy. In the past decade, great success has been achieved by targeting the DNA repair network in tumors. Recent studies suggest that DNA damage impacts cellular innate and adaptive immune responses through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, which play essential roles in the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of innate immune response triggered by DNA damage through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, including DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN) complex, and RNA sensing via the TLR3/7/8 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). Furthermore, we will focus on the recent developments in the impacts of nucleic acid-sensing pathways on the DNA damage response (DDR). Elucidating the DDR-immune response interplay will be critical to harness immunomodulatory effects to improve the efficacy of antitumor immunity therapeutic strategies and build future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingteng Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
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26
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Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) signature-3 in ovarian and uterine carcinosarcomas correlates with preclinical sensitivity to Olaparib, a poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]- ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 166:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Hou Q, Zhong Y, Liu L, Wu L, Liu J. Construction of a lung adenocarcinoma prognostic model based on N6-methyl-adenosine-related long noncoding RNA and screening of potential drugs based on this model. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:371-383. [PMID: 35213857 PMCID: PMC8912967 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a high mortality rate. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A)-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with tumor prognosis. Our objective was to construct an m6A-related lncRNA prognostic model and screen potential drugs for the treatment of LUAD. The LUAD sequencing data were randomly divided into Train and Test cohorts. In the Train group, the LASSO Cox regression was used to construct the m6A-related lncRNA prognostic model. The LUAD tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion model was used to evaluate immunotherapy efficacy in LUAD. The 'pRRophetic' package was utilized to screen potential drugs for the treatment of LUAD. Eleven m6A-related lncRNAs were identified by LASSO Cox regression and were used to construct the risk model to calculate sample risk scores. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on their median risk scores. The LUAD data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that the overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group in both cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that this risk model could serve as an independent prognostic factor of LUAD, and receiver operating characteristic curves suggested that m6A-related lncRNA prognostic signature has a good ability in predicting OS. Finally, nine potential drugs for LUAD treatment were screened based on this prognostic model. The prognostic model constructed based on the m6A-related lncRNAs facilitated prognosis prediction in LUAD patients. The screened therapeutic agents have potential application values and provide a reference for the clinical treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
| | | | - Linzhuang Liu
- Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liusheng Wu
- Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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28
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García-Cárdenas JM, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Pérez-Villa A, Indacochea A, Jácome-Alvarado A, López-Cortés A, Guerrero S. Integrated In Silico Analyses Identify PUF60 and SF3A3 as New Spliceosome-Related Breast Cancer RNA-Binding Proteins. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040481. [PMID: 35453681 PMCID: PMC9030152 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More women are diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) than any other type of cancer. Although large-scale efforts have completely redefined cancer, a cure remains unattainable. In that respect, new molecular functions of the cell should be investigated, such as post-transcriptional regulation. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as critical post-transcriptional modulators of tumorigenesis, but only a few have clear roles in BC. To recognize new putative breast cancer RNA-binding proteins, we performed integrated in silico analyses of all human RBPs (n = 1392) in three major cancer databases and identified five putative BC RBPs (PUF60, TFRC, KPNB1, NSF, and SF3A3), which showed robust oncogenic features related to their genomic alterations, immunohistochemical changes, high interconnectivity with cancer driver genes (CDGs), and tumor vulnerabilities. Interestingly, some of these RBPs have never been studied in BC, but their oncogenic functions have been described in other cancer types. Subsequent analyses revealed PUF60 and SF3A3 as central elements of a spliceosome-related cluster involving RBPs and CDGs. Further research should focus on the mechanisms by which these proteins could promote breast tumorigenesis, with the potential to reveal new therapeutic pathways along with novel drug-development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer M. García-Cárdenas
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170113, Ecuador; (J.M.G.-C.); (A.J.-A.)
- Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruna, Spain
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.-C.); (A.P.-V.)
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.-C.); (A.P.-V.)
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito 170136, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170302, Ecuador
| | - Andy Pérez-Villa
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.-C.); (A.P.-V.)
| | - Alberto Indacochea
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Jácome-Alvarado
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170113, Ecuador; (J.M.G.-C.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.-C.); (A.P.-V.)
- Programa de Investigación en Salud Global, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170302, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (A.L.-C.); (S.G.)
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170113, Ecuador; (J.M.G.-C.); (A.J.-A.)
- Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruna, Spain
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.-C.); (A.P.-V.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.-C.); (S.G.)
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29
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Wang Y, Sun B, Zhang C, Xia R, Sun J, Gu T, Tian Z, Li J. Genetic heterogeneity and therapeutic target detection through microdissection in solid-type adenoid cystic carcinoma. Pathology 2022; 54:580-590. [PMID: 35337667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid-type adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are highly aggressive and heterogeneous tumours. Because of their rarity, therapeutic strategies guided by genetic profiles based on next generation sequencing (NGS) have not been published for these tumours. Forty-nine solid-type ACCs including 43 tumours with a predominantly solid pattern, and six tumours comprising a roughly equal mixture of cribriform/tubular and solid histological forms were included in our study. The solid components from the 49 solid ACCs were enriched for mutations of genes in the NOTCH pathway (NOTCH1 61%, SPEN 24%) and chromatin remodelling pathway and the absence of myoepithelial cell differentiation. Cases with NOTCH1 mutations exhibited strong NICD expression, which was associated with poor overall and distant metastasis free survival. BRCA2 mutation and BCOR/BCORL1 mutations were observed in 20% and 18.4% of solid ACCs, respectively. In six of the solid ACCs, intratumour heterogeneity was delineated between the cribriform/tubular and solid components. NOTCH1 and FGFR2 mutations as well as NOTCH2 amplification were restricted to the solid component, indicating clonal selection within the same tumour. In two recurrent/metastatic solid ACCs, the subclones evolved in progression for local relapse and distant metastasis, although they manifested close genomic resemblance to primary tumours. Guided by the genetic profiles, the preclinical efficiency of the gamma-secretase inhibitor BMS-906024 was evaluated in patient derived xenograft models (PDXs) with activating NOTCH1 mutations and demonstrated robust antitumour effects. Our report revealed intratumour heterogeneity among solid-types within an ACC as well as the inter-tumour evolution of dominant clones among two primary and recurrent/metastatic tumours. In contrast to cribriform/tubular ACCs, solid-type ACCs should be approached with a distinct therapeutic strategy, particularly targeting NOTCH1. Microdissecting the highest grade component guided by histology is a highly recommended tumour sampling strategy and facilitates the detection of key molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Centre for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Lee HS, Schwarz SW, Schubert EK, Chen DL, Doot RK, Makvandi M, Lin LL, McDonald ES, Mankoff DA, Mach RH. The Development of 18F Fluorthanatrace: A PET Radiotracer for Imaging Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2022; 4:e210070. [PMID: 35089089 PMCID: PMC8830434 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine 18 (18F) fluorthanatrace (18F-FTT) is a PET radiotracer for imaging poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an important target for a class of drugs known as PARP inhibitors, or PARPi. This article describes the stepwise development of this radiotracer from its design and preclinical evaluation to the first-in-human imaging studies and the initial validation of 18F-FTT as an imaging-based biomarker for measuring PARP-1 expression levels in patients with breast and ovarian cancer. A detailed discussion on the preparation and submission of an exploratory investigational new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration is also provided. Additionally, this review highlights the need and future plans for identifying a commercialization strategy to overcome the major financial barriers that exist when conducting the multicenter clinical trials needed for approval in the new drug application process. The goal of this article is to provide a road map that scientists and clinicians can follow for the successful clinical translation of a PET radiotracer developed in an academic setting. Keywords: Molecular Imaging-Cancer, PET, Breast, Genital/Reproductive, Chemistry, Radiotracer Development, PARPi, 18F-FTT, Investigational New Drug © RSNA, 2022.
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Pauwels EK, Bourguignon MH. PARP Inhibition and Beyond in BRCA-Associated Breast Cancer in Women: A State-Of-The-Art Summary of Preclinical Research on Risk Reduction and Clinical Benefits. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:303-312. [PMID: 35636395 PMCID: PMC9485988 DOI: 10.1159/000525281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, DNA damage response initiates repair by error-free homologous recombination (HRR) or by error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). DNA damage is detected by PARP proteins that facilitate this repair, both in normal cells and in cancer cells. Cells containing BRCA1/2 mutations have an HRR-deficient repair mechanism which may result in unrepaired one-ended double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks, considered as the most lethal cell damage. Here, we review the state of the art of the role of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as a precision-targeted anticancer drug in BRCA1/2-mutated female breast cancer. Although knowledge is incomplete, it is assumed that the main role of the archetype PARP1 in the cell nucleus is to detect and adhere to single-strand breaks. This mediates possible damage repair, after which cells may continue replication; this process is called synthetic lethality. As for PARP clinical monotherapy, progression-free survival has been observed using the FDA- and EMA-approved drugs olaparib and talazoparib. In the case of combined drug therapy, a synergy has been demonstrated between veliparib and platinum drugs. Information regarding adverse effects is limited, but hematological effects have been described. However, there is need for multicenter trials, preferably conducted without commercial guidance and funding. Some of the available trials reported resistance to PARP inhibitors. In this review, we also describe the various causes of resistance to PARP inhibitors and research indicating how resistance can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest K.J. Pauwels
- Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- *Ernest K.J. Pauwels,
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Ke B, Li A, Fu H, Kong C, Liu T, Zhu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen C, Jin C. PARP-1 inhibitors enhance the chemosensitivity of leukemia cells by attenuating NF-кB pathway activity and DNA damage response induced by Idarubicin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:91-98. [PMID: 35130631 PMCID: PMC9909352 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idarubicin (IDA), an anthracycline antineoplastic drug, is commonly used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with reasonable response rates and clinical benefits. However, some patients still relapse, or do not respond, and suffer high fatality rates. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of PARP-1 may represent an important risk factor in AML patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib enhances the chemosensitivity of the leukemia cell line K562 and THP1 to IDA. Our data demonstrated that PARP-1 is upregulated in AML patients as well as in K562 and THP1 cells, and that the suppression of PARP-1 activity by Olaparib enhances the inhibitory effect of IDA. A mechanistic study revealed that Olaparib decreases the expressions of p-ATM, p-IκBα, XIAP and p65, and upregulates Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3 and γ-H2AX. Olaparib can enhance the induction of DNA damage by IDA, probably mediated by the inhibition of the ATM-related DNA damage response. Moreover, we also found that the nuclear translocation of p65 and the nuclear export of NEMO are inhibited when IDA and Olaparib are combined. Our results suggest that Olaparib attenuates the activity of the NF-κB pathway and decreases the DNA damage response induced by IDA. Therefore, we conclude that Olaparib is a potentially valuable chemosensitizer for leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ke
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China,Key Biologic Laboratory of Blood Tumor Cell of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang330006China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow215006China
| | - Anna Li
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China,Key Biologic Laboratory of Blood Tumor Cell of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang330006China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow215006China
| | - Huan Fu
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China,Key Biologic Laboratory of Blood Tumor Cell of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang330006China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow215006China
| | - Chunfang Kong
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China,Key Biologic Laboratory of Blood Tumor Cell of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang330006China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow215006China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China,Key Biologic Laboratory of Blood Tumor Cell of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang330006China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow215006China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China
| | - Zixia Zhang
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China
| | - Chenghao Jin
- Department of HematologyJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchang330006China,Key Biologic Laboratory of Blood Tumor Cell of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang330006China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow215006China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-791-86895580; E-mail:
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New Roles of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Cancer J 2021; 27:441-456. [PMID: 34904807 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since the proof of concept of synthetic lethality between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition and loss of BRCA1/2 homologous recombination (HR) function in preclinical models and early phase clinical trials, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are increasing part of standard-of-care treatment for advanced breast cancers with BRCA gene mutations. The field has also recently seen benefits for PARPi in early breast cancer in those with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic mutations, and signals that synthetic lethal affects may occur in tumors with deficiencies in HR caused by germline, somatic, or epigenetic dysregulation of a number of HR genes. Despite the evidence of the synthetic lethal effects of PARPi, they are not always effective in HR defective cancers, and as they become part of standard of care in breast cancer, the study of prevalence of distinct mechanisms of resistance to PARPi and cross-resistance with other DNA-damaging agents such as platinum in breast cancer will be important and may inform therapy choices.
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Liu H, Qiu W, Sun T, Wang L, Du C, Hu Y, Liu W, Feng F, Chen Y, Sun H. Therapeutic strtegies of glioblastoma (GBM): The current advances in the molecular targets and bioactive small molecule compounds. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:1781-1804. [PMID: 35847506 PMCID: PMC9279645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive malignant tumor in brain neuroepithelial tumors and remains incurable. A variety of treatment options are currently being explored to improve patient survival, including small molecule inhibitors, viral therapies, cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Among them, the unique advantages of small molecule inhibitors have made them a focus of attention in the drug discovery of glioblastoma. Currently, the most used chemotherapeutic agents are small molecule inhibitors that target key dysregulated signaling pathways in glioblastoma, including receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, DNA damage response, TP53 and cell cycle inhibitors. This review analyzes the therapeutic benefit and clinical development of novel small molecule inhibitors discovered as promising anti-glioblastoma agents by the related targets of these major pathways. Meanwhile, the recent advances in temozolomide resistance and drug combination are also reviewed. In the last part, due to the constant clinical failure of targeted therapies, this paper reviewed the research progress of other therapeutic methods for glioblastoma, to provide patients and readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment landscape of glioblastoma.
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Li Y, Zhan Z, Yin X, Fu S, Deng X. Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731535. [PMID: 34778045 PMCID: PMC8581040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, which is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and the absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression/amplification. Conventional chemotherapy is the mainstay of systemic treatment for TNBC. However, lack of molecular targeted therapies and poor prognosis of TNBC patients have prompted a great effort to discover effective targets for improving the clinical outcomes. For now, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi's) and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of TNBC. Moreover, agents that target signal transduction, angiogenesis, epigenetic modifications, and cell cycle are under active preclinical or clinical investigations. In this review, we highlight the current major developments in targeted therapies of TNBC, with some descriptions about their (dis)advantages and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Bou-Dargham MJ, Draughon S, Cantrell V, Khamis ZI, Sang QXA. Advancements in Human Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. J Cancer 2021; 12:6949-6963. [PMID: 34729098 PMCID: PMC8558657 DOI: 10.7150/jca.64205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer treatment regimens have evolved greatly due to the significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways of the common subtypes of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss recent progress in breast cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy as well as ongoing clinical trials. We also highlight the potential of combination therapies and personalized approaches to improve clinical outcomes. Targeted therapies have surpassed the hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to include many other molecules in targetable pathways such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6). However, resistance to targeted therapy persists, underpinning the need for more efficacious therapies. Immunotherapy is considered a milestone in breast cancer treatments, including the engineered immune cells (CAR-T cell therapy) to better target the tumor cells, vaccines to stimulate the patient's immune system against tumor antigens, and checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4) to block molecules that mediate immune inhibition. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy tested in breast cancer clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on combinatorial approaches which are believed to maximize treatment efficacy and enhance patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sophia Draughon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vance Cantrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zahraa I Khamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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Sorolla MA, Hidalgo I, Sorolla A, Montal R, Pallisé O, Salud A, Parisi E. Microenvironmental Reactive Oxygen Species in Colorectal Cancer: Involved Processes and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5037. [PMID: 34680186 PMCID: PMC8534037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although screening programs have reduced mortality rates, there is a need for research focused on finding the main factors that lead primary CRC to progress and metastasize. During tumor progression, malignant cells modify their habitat, corrupting or transforming cells of different origins and creating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells forming the TME like macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modify the cancer niche. The effects of ROS in cancer are very diverse: they promote cellular proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), evasion of cell death programs, migration, and angiogenesis. Due to the multifaceted role of ROS in cancer cell survival and function, ROS-modulating agents such as antioxidants or pro-oxidants could have therapeutic potential in cancer prevention and/or as a complement to systemic treatments. In this review, we will examine the main ROS producer cells and their effects on cancer progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we will enumerate the latest clinical trials where pro-oxidants and antioxidants have therapeutic uses in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivan Hidalgo
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Robert Montal
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ona Pallisé
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
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Moschetta-Pinheiro MG, Colombo J, de Souza Tuckumantel M, Rebolho GK, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Treatment of Triple Negative Cell Lines with Olaparib to Block DNA Repair. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2036-2045. [PMID: 34629045 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211008104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most aggressive breast cancer is the triple negative histological type and the gold standard for its treatment is platinum salts, such as carboplatin. Due to high recurrence, there is a need to test new drugs, such as PARP inhibitors (PARPi) that induce lethality in cells with DNA damage. Olaparib is a PARPi, already used in some tumors, but not tested in canine species. Thus, the aim of this study was demonstrating the efficacy of olaparib in inhibiting DNA repair and controlling disease progression by decreasing the migration capacity of mammary tumor cells. METHODS The cell lines, CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468, were cultured and was performed the MTT to define the best dose of carboplatin. Next, the cells were treated with 10 µM carboplatin, olaparib and with combination of both for 24 hours. PARP-1 protein and gene expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The analysis of cell migration was performed in transwell chambers. RESULTS For CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, there was decrease in PARP-1 protein and gene expression after treatment with carboplatin, olaparib and both in combination compared to the group without treatment (control) (p<0.05). Moreover, in both lines, reduction in invasion rate was observed after treatment with carboplatin, olaparib and when combined, compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggests that carboplatin and olaparib were able to block DNA repair and control the cancer invasion, especially when used in combination. The results with olaparib in the canine line are unpublished. The olaparib should be a possible agent against human breast cancer and canine mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta-Pinheiro
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Jucimara Colombo
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Murilo de Souza Tuckumantel
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Gabriela Karam Rebolho
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
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Kagihara JA, Shagisultanova E, Afghahi A, Diamond JR. Moving Towards Targeted Therapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2021; 13:216-226. [PMID: 34457184 PMCID: PMC8386298 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-021-00416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss targets of interest in Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), approved targeted agents and the results of the clinical trials that led to their approval. Additionally, we review ongoing clinical trials evaluating the use of novel targeted agents in the treatment of TNBC. RECENT FINDINGS TNBC accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Patients have a higher risk of metastatic recurrence and inferior overall survival compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has historically been the mainstay of treatment for TNBC. In recent years, we have seen a surge in clinical trials investigating the use of targeted agents in TNBC and now have approval for targeted therapies in select patients. Inhibitors of PARP (olaparib and talazoparib), PD-L1 (atezolizumab) and an antibody drug conjugate targeting Trop-2 (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) are now approved for the use in select groups of patients with TNBC. SUMMARY Various novel targeted agents as monotherapy, dual targeted combinations, and chemotherapy combinations are currently under investigation. The results are promising and may significantly improve patient outcomes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Kagihara
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Elena Shagisultanova
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Anosheh Afghahi
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
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Burguin A, Diorio C, Durocher F. Breast Cancer Treatments: Updates and New Challenges. J Pers Med 2021; 11:808. [PMID: 34442452 PMCID: PMC8399130 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. This heterogeneous disease can be classified into four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)) according to the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), and the overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Current BC treatments target these receptors (endocrine and anti-HER2 therapies) as a personalized treatment. Along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, these therapies can have severe adverse effects and patients can develop resistance to these agents. Moreover, TNBC do not have standardized treatments. Hence, a deeper understanding of the development of new treatments that are more specific and effective in treating each BC subgroup is key. New approaches have recently emerged such as immunotherapy, conjugated antibodies, and targeting other metabolic pathways. This review summarizes current BC treatments and explores the new treatment strategies from a personalized therapy perspective and the resulting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burguin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
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Tang M, Pei G, Su D, Wang C, Feng X, Srivastava M, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Chen J. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal cyclin C as synthetic survival target of BRCA2. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7476-7491. [PMID: 34197614 PMCID: PMC8287926 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi)-based therapies initially reduce tumor burden but eventually lead to acquired resistance in cancer patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. To understand the potential PARPi resistance mechanisms, we performed whole-genome CRISPR screens to discover genetic alterations that change the gene essentiality in cells with inducible depletion of BRCA2. We identified that several RNA Polymerase II transcription Mediator complex components, especially Cyclin C (CCNC) as synthetic survival targets upon BRCA2 loss. Total mRNA sequencing demonstrated that loss of CCNC could activate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway, however the inhibition of these pathways could not reverse cell survival in BRCA2 depleted CCNC-knockout cells, indicating that the activation of these pathways is not required for the resistance. Moreover, we showed that the improved survival is not due to restoration of homologous recombination repair although decreased DNA damage signaling was observed. Interestingly, loss of CCNC could restore replication fork stability in BRCA2 deficient cells, which may contribute to PARPi resistance. Taken together, our data reveal CCNC as a critical genetic determinant upon BRCA2 loss of function, which may help the development of novel therapeutic strategies that overcome PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1052, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Rattanaburee T, Tanawattanasuntorn T, Thongpanchang T, Tipmanee V, Graidist P. Trans-(-)-Kusunokinin: A Potential Anticancer Lignan Compound against HER2 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154537. [PMID: 34361688 PMCID: PMC8348432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-(−)-kusunokinin, an anticancer compound, binds CSF1R with low affinity in breast cancer cells. Therefore, finding an additional possible target of trans-(−)-kusunokinin remains of importance for further development. Here, a computational study was completed followed by indirect proof of specific target proteins using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Ten proteins in breast cancer were selected for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. A preferred active form in racemic trans-(±)-kusunokinin was trans-(−)-kusunokinin, which had stronger binding energy on HER2 trans-(+)-kusunokinin; however, it was weaker than the designed HER inhibitors (03Q and neratinib). Predictively, trans-(−)-kusunokinin bound HER2 similarly to a reversible HER2 inhibitor. We then verified the action of (±)-kusunokinin compared with neratinibon breast cancer cells (MCF-7). (±)-Kusunokinin exhibited less cytotoxicity on normal L-929 and MCF-7 than neratinib. (±)-Kusunokinin and neratinib had stronger inhibited cell proliferation than siRNA-HER2. Moreover, (±)-kusunokinin decreased Ras, ERK, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1. Meanwhile, neratinib downregulated HER, MEK1, ERK, c-Myc, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1. Knocking down HER2 downregulated only HER2. siRNA-HER2 combination with (±)-kusunokinin suppressed HER2, c-Myc, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1. On the other hand, siRNA-HER2 combination with neratinib increased HER2, MEK1, ERK, c-Myc, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1 to normal levels. We conclude that trans-(±)-kusunokinin may bind HER2 with low affinity and had a different action from neratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarath Rattanaburee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
| | - Tanotnon Tanawattanasuntorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
| | - Tienthong Thongpanchang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.G.); Tel.: +66-74-45-1743 (V.T.); +66-74-45-1184 (P.G.)
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.G.); Tel.: +66-74-45-1743 (V.T.); +66-74-45-1184 (P.G.)
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Kao CN, Moi SH, Hou MF, Luo CW, Chen FM, Pan MR. RNF8-CDH1 Co-Expression Predicts Clinical Benefit of Chemoradiotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070655. [PMID: 34357122 PMCID: PMC8307233 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and exhibits an overall poor outcome. Due to the lack of targeted therapy, conventional systemic chemotherapy has been the main strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Further evidence has shown that combining radiation with chemotherapy is also a suitable treatment based on DNA repair deficiencies in patients with TNBC. However, the preferred treatment for metastatic TNBC remains unclear. Therefore, identification of biomarkers is an unmet need in personalized therapy for TNBC. RNF8 (ring finger protein 8) is a ubiquitin ligase implicated in TNBC metastasis; however, its role in TNBC pathogenesis is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of the RNF8-CDH1(Cadherin 1) axis in node-positive TNBC patients. We found that the RNF8high/CDH1low index was significantly higher in patients with TNBC than in patients without TNBC. Furthermore, patients with an RNF8high/CDH1low index displayed poorer outcomes than those with an RNF8low-medium/CDH1medium-high index. Notably, as compared to patients with an RNF8low-medium/CDH1medium-high index, those with an RNF8high/CDH1low index had a poorer survival rate with chemotherapy treatment alone. The combination of radiation and chemotherapy resulted in a better survival rate than chemotherapy alone in patients with an RNF8high/CDH1low index. Taken together, the RNF8high/CDH1low index not only functions as a prognostic and therapeutic marker but may also act as a target in the development of anti-cancer agents for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ni Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.-F.H.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101-6060 (M.-F.H.); +886-7-3121101-5092-94 (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-F.H.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101-6060 (M.-F.H.); +886-7-3121101-5092-94 (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
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Manjunath M, Choudhary B. Triple-negative breast cancer: A run-through of features, classification and current therapies. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:512. [PMID: 33986872 PMCID: PMC8114477 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. It is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and accounts for 12-20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is associated with younger age of onset, greater metastatic potential, higher incidence of relapse, and lower overall survival rates. Based on molecular phenotype, TNBC has been classified into six subtypes (BL1, BL2, M, MES, LAR, and IM). TNBC treatment is challenging due to its heterogeneity, highly invasive nature, and relatively poor therapeutics response. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are conventional strategies for the treatment of TNBC. Recent research in TNBC and mechanistic understanding of disease pathogenesis using cutting-edge technologies has led to the unfolding of new lines of therapies that have been incorporated into clinical practice. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and immune checkpoint inhibitors have made their way to the current TNBC treatment paradigm. This review focuses on the classification, features, and treatment progress in TNBC. Histological subtypes connected to recurrence, molecular classification of TNBC, targeted therapy for early and advanced TNBC, and advances in non-coding RNA in therapy are the key highlights in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Manjunath
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
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Agostinetto E, Eiger D, Punie K, de Azambuja E. Emerging Therapeutics for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:57. [PMID: 33763756 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 10-15% of all breast cancers and it is associated with a poor prognosis. However, recent new effective treatment strategies have improved its outcomes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the emerging therapeutics for TNBC, describing both previously approved therapies that are currently being repurposed, as well as new target therapies that may improve patient outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging therapies are forthcoming in TNBC's treatment landscape, including new post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy strategies, PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. Combination of different therapies such as AKT/PI3K/mTOR-inhibitors, other immunotherapeutic agents, CDK-inhibitors, antiandrogens, antiangiogenics, and histone deacetylase inhibitors is under clinical investigation. The treatment landscape for TNBC is gradually evolving towards a more personalized approach with promising expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Agostinetto
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Eiger
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
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Bioinformatic Analysis of the Nicotinamide Binding Site in Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Family Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061201. [PMID: 33801950 PMCID: PMC8002165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The PARP family consists of 17 proteins, and some of them are responsible for cancer cells’ viability. Much attention is therefore given to the search for chemical compounds with the ability to suppress distinct PARP family members (for example, PARP-5a and 5b). Here, we present the results of a family-wide bioinformatic analysis of an important functional region in the PARP structure and describe factors that can guide the design of highly selective compounds. Abstract The PARP family consists of 17 members with diverse functions, including those related to cancer cells’ viability. Several PARP inhibitors are of great interest as innovative anticancer drugs, but they have low selectivity towards distinct PARP family members and exert serious adverse effects. We describe a family-wide study of the nicotinamide (NA) binding site, an important functional region in the PARP structure, using comparative bioinformatic analysis and molecular modeling. Mutations in the NA site and D-loop mobility around the NA site were identified as factors that can guide the design of selective PARP inhibitors. Our findings are of particular importance for the development of novel tankyrase (PARPs 5a and 5b) inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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DNA damage response inhibitors: An avenue for TNBC treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188521. [PMID: 33556453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability by sensing DNA damage, regulating cell cycle and initiating DNA repair. Drugs targeting DDR pathways have been increasingly exploited in treating various tumors. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive tumor with constitutive activation of oncogenes, inducing replication stress and DNA damage, which require the DDR for survival. In addition, emerging studies have demonstrated that TNBC harbors aberrant genetic alterations in DDR pathways, such as a high frequency of p53 dysfunction and BRCA1/2 mutations. DDR alterations force TNBC to rely on the existing DDR pathways for survival, and make TNBC particularly sensitive to specific DDR inhibitors, such as high sensitivity of TNBC with BRCA1/2 mutations to PARP inhibitors. This review first and comprehensively covers the current status of the development of DDR inhibitors and discusses the mechanism of targeting the DDR in TNBC. Preclinical and clinical studies on inhibitors of the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 pathway and PARP inhibitors, the most studied inhibitors, and some other DDR inhibitors as monotherapy or combination therapy in TNBC are summarized. We also highlight the possible predictive biomarkers for these DDR inhibitors and their potential combination strategies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other targeted agents to optimize the efficacy of DDR inhibitors in TNBC treatment. In conclusion, this review discussed the recent considerations related to the use of DDR inhibitors for TNBC and provides a perspective to address future directions and potential therapeutic strategies for patients with TNBC.
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"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases From the Laboratory to the Clinic". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:76-82. [PMID: 33475296 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% to 20% of breast cancers and has an incidence as high as 50% of brain metastases once patients develop advanced disease. The lack of targeted and effective therapies, characteristic of this subtype of breast cancer, is especially evident once central nervous system (CNS) metastases occur. Compared with other subtypes of breast cancer, TNBC patients have the shorter interval from diagnosis to development of brain metastases and the shorter overall survival once they occur, a median of 4 to 6 months. Preclinical studies of TNBC and CNS microenvironment are actively ongoing, clarifying mechanisms and orienting more effective approaches to therapy. While the first drugs have been specifically approved for use in metastatic TNBC, data on their CNS effect are still awaited.
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Risdon EN, Chau CH, Price DK, Sartor O, Figg WD. PARP Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer: To Infinity and Beyond BRCA. Oncologist 2021; 26:e115-e129. [PMID: 32790034 PMCID: PMC7794174 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved two poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, olaparib and rucaparib, for treatment of biomarker-positive metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. The benefits of PARP inhibition have been well characterized in patients who have BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in several forms of cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 occupy key roles in DNA damage repair, which is comprised of several different pathways with numerous participants. Patients with mutations in other key genes within the DNA damage repair pathway may also respond to treatment with PARP inhibitors, and identification of these alterations could significantly increase the percentage of patients that may benefit from PARP inhibition. This review focuses on the potential for synthetically lethal interactions between PARP inhibitors and non-BRCA DNA damage repair genes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The treatment potential of PARP inhibition has been well characterized in patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, but there is compelling evidence for expanding the use of PARP inhibitors to mutations of other non-BRCA DNA damage repair (DDR) genes. This could increase the percentage of patients that may benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors alone or in combination with other therapies. Understanding the significance of PARP inhibitor-sensitizing alterations in other common non-BRCA DDR genes will help guide clinical decisions to provide targeted treatment options to a wider population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Risdon
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Cindy H. Chau
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Douglas K. Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - William D. Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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BRCA testing delay during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to act? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:983-987. [PMID: 33313973 PMCID: PMC7733534 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, our lab, part of a referral center in Italy, reported its experience regarding the execution of germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA) testing during the first months of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which highlights a substantial reduction (about 60%) compared with the first 2 months of the current year. This evidence appeared to be a lockdown effect due to extraordinary restriction measures to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the overall effects of the ongoing pandemic on gBRCA testing in our institution and to understand how COVID-19 has influenced testing after the complete lockdown (March 8-May 5, 2020). Additionally, we compared this year's trend with trends of the last 3 years to better monitor gBRCA testing progress. This detailed analysis highlights two important findings: (1) gBRCA testing did not increase significantly after the lockdown period (May-October 2020) compared with the lockdown period (March-April 2020), emphasizing that even after the lockdown period testing remained low. (2) Comparing the total tests per year (January-October 2017, 2018, 2019, with 2020), the impact of COVID-19 on gBRCA testing is apparent, with similarities of trends registered in 2017. These evidences reveal a gBRCA testing delay for cancer patients and healthy patients at this moment, and the new era of gBRCA testing in the management of ovarian, breast, pancreas and prostate cancer patients has been seriously questioned due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As consequence, we underline that measures to guarantee oncogenetic testing (e.g., gBRCA testing) along with new diagnostic/clinic strategies are mandatory. For these reasons, several proposals are presented in this study.
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