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Deng W, Chen J, Deng XY. The occurrence of asthma in an extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer patient after combination therapy with atezolizumab and anlotinib: a case report. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333850. [PMID: 38487532 PMCID: PMC10937454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is highly malignant, with early metastasis and high recurrence. Since therapeutic options are limited, ES-SCLC has a characteristically short survival period and extremely poor prognosis. A combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic drugs can achieve promising efficacy and safety in patients with ES-SCLC as a second-line or subsequent treatment, extending survival to some extent. However, the clinical outcomes remain mostly unsatisfactory and are sometimes affected by treatment-related adverse events. Case presentation A 57-year-old woman with ES-SCLC was administered a combination therapy of atezolizumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) and anlotinib [an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)]. She survived for 22 months, with no disease progression during the 28 courses of therapy. Unexpectedly, despite having no history of asthma, the patient developed asthma while receiving this regimen. This is possibly related to T-cell activation and the tumor immune microenvironment, which induce allergic inflammation after PD-L1 blockade. Conclusions This is the first report of an asthma-negative ES-SCLC patient who developed asthma after receiving atezolizumab plus anlotinib. Although this combination therapy may effectively extend survival in SCLC patients, asthmatic symptoms should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wu X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xiang M, Xu Z, Cao Z. Prognostic value of miR-219-5p in relation to mortality in patients with small cell lung cancer: a retrospective, observational cohort study in China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064700. [PMID: 36997257 PMCID: PMC10069522 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a lethal human malignancy, and previous studies support the contribution of microRNA to cancer progression. The prognostic value of miR-219-5p in patients with SCLC remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of miR-219-5p with respect to mortality in patients with SCLC and to incorporate miR-219-5p level into a prediction model and nomogram for mortality. DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Our main cohort included data from 133 patients with SCLC between 1 March 2010 and 1 June 2015 from the Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital. Data from 86 patients with non-SCLC at Sichuan Cancer Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were used for external validation. OUTCOME MEASURES Tissue samples were taken during admission and stored, and miR-219-5p levels were measured at a later date. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for survival analyses and for analysing risk factors to create a nomogram for mortality prediction. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by C-index and calibration curve. RESULTS Mortality in patients with a high level of miR-219-5p (≥1.50) (n=67) was 74.6%, while mortality in the low-level group (n=66) was 100.0%. Based on univariate analysis, we included significant factors (p<0.05) in a multivariate regression model: patients with high level of miR-219-5p (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26-0.59, p<0.001), immunotherapy (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.84, p<0.001) and prognostic nutritional index score >47.9 (HR=0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.83, p=0.01) remained statistically significant factors for improved overall survival. The nomogram had good accuracy in estimating the risk, with a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.691. External validation indicated an area under the curve of 0.749 (0.709-0.788). CONCLUSIONS The miR-219-5p level was associated with a reduced risk of mortality in patients with SCLC. A nomogram incorporating MiR-219-5p level and clinical factors demonstrated good accuracy in estimating the risk of overall mortality. Prospective validation of the prognostic nomogram is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Wu
- Endocrinology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jigang Zhang
- Traumatology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Medicine, Respiratory, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- Medical Oncology, Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Urology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yu L, Xu J, Qiao R, Han B, Zhong H, Zhong R. Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as second-line and subsequent therapy in advanced small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5372-5383. [PMID: 36250532 PMCID: PMC10028028 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatments for advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who are resistant to first-line chemotherapy are limited. Given that antiangiogenic agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can confer synergistic therapeutic benefits, combination therapy should be considered. We explored the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with anlotinib and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors as second-line and subsequent therapy for advanced SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed advanced SCLC patients at Shanghai Chest Hospital who had received anlotinib in combination with ICIs from November 2016 to November 2020 as second- and subsequent-line treatment. Patients with advanced SCLC who had received paclitaxel monotherapy as second-line treatment were included as the control group. RESULTS A total of 141 patients were included in the final analysis (40 in the combination therapy group and 101 in the paclitaxel monotherapy group). The median progression-free survival (PFS) times for the combination therapy and paclitaxel monotherapy groups were 3.40 and 2.83 months (p = 0.022), respectively, while the median overall survival (OS) times for the combination therapy and paclitaxel monotherapy groups were 8.20 and 5.87 months (p = 0.048), respectively. Hypertension and hepatic dysfunction were the most pronounced adverse events of combination therapy and two patients changed regimens due to severe fatigue and anorexia. CONCLUSION The combination of anlotinib and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has promising efficacy and safety as a second-line or subsequent therapy for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Challenges in the treatment of small cell lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy and molecular classification. Lung Cancer 2023; 175:88-100. [PMID: 36493578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For many years the standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remained unchanged. Despite decades of active research, current treatment options are limited and the prognosis of patients with extended disease (ED) SCLC remains poor. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents an exception and the only recent approval for ED-SCLC. However, the magnitude of benefit obtained with immunotherapy in SCLC is much more modest than that observed in other malignancies. Different pro-immunogenic or immunosuppressive features within the tumor microenvironment of SCLC may either modulate the sensitivity to immunotherapy or conversely dampen the efficacy of ICIs. Beside immunotherapy, a deeper understanding of the molecular biology of SCLC has led to the identification of new therapeutic targets for this lethal malignancy. Recent epigenetic and gene expression studies have resulted into a new molecular classification of four distinct subtypes of SCLC, defined by the relative expression of key transcription regulators and each characterized by specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. This review discusses the rationale for immunotherapy in SCLC and summarizes the main ICIs-trials in this tumor. We provide also an overview of new potential therapeutic opportunities and their integration with the new molecular classification of SCLC.
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Han J, Cheng C, Zhang J, Fang J, Yao W, Zhu Y, Xiu Z, Jin N, Lu H, Li X, Li Y. Myricetin activates the Caspase-3/GSDME pathway via ER stress induction of pyroptosis in lung cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:959938. [PMID: 36091790 PMCID: PMC9458876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.959938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is related to the occurrence, development, and therapeutic response of tumors, mediated by the proteins of the Gasdermin family. These proteins have become potential biomarkers for cancer treatment, and their agonists are likely to become a new direction in research and development of antitumor drugs. In this study, we found that myricetin has an inhibitory effect on lung cancer cells of the activation of pyroptosis. Analysis of the expression of Gasdermin family proteins revealed that this phenomenon was caused by the cleavage of GSDME. Subsequently, specific inhibitors, we found that caspase-3 was its upstream activation factor. In addition, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) analysis showed that myricetin can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Subsequent inhibition of caspase-12 revealed that the expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-GSDME were significantly reduced, resulting in the inhibition of pyroptosis. Using in vivo experiments, we also found that the treatment with myricetin can reduce tumor volume and significantly increase the level of pyroptosis-related proteins in tumor tissues. Overall, our findings show that myricetin induces cell death of lung cancer cells primarily through an ER stress pathway-induced pyroptosis. Therefore, myricetin has the potential to be used as a pyroptosis agonist in research and development of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Healthcare Department, Agency for Offices Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiru Xiu
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Xiao Li, ; Huijun Lu,
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Xiao Li, ; Huijun Lu,
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Xiao Li, ; Huijun Lu,
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Ryan DJ, Toomey S, Smyth R, Madden SF, Workman J, Cummins R, Sheehan K, Fay J, Naidoo J, Breathnach OS, Morris PG, Grogan L, O'Brien ME, Sulaiman I, Hennessy BT, Morgan RK. Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using a lung cancer specific UltraSEEK oncogene panel. Lung Cancer 2022; 168:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xie Q, Chu H, Yi J, Yu H, Gu T, Guan Y, Liu X, Liang J, Li Y, Wang J. Identification of a prognostic immune-related signature for small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:9115-9128. [PMID: 34741430 PMCID: PMC8683526 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a subgroup of lung cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a short tumor doubling time, high rates of early occurred distant cancer spread, and poor outcomes. Despite its exquisite sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, acquired drug resistance and tumor progression are typical. This study aimed to develop a robust signature based on immune‐related genes to predict the outcome of patients with SCLC. Methods The expression data of 77 SCLC patients from George's cohort were divided into training set and testing set, and 1534 immune‐related genes from ImmPort database were used to generate and validate the signature. Cox proportional hazards and the Kaplan–Meier analysis were used for developing and testing the prognostic signature. Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis was used to determine immune cell infiltration phenotypes. Results A 10‐gene model comprising NR3C1, NR1D2, TANK, ARAF, HDGF, INHBE, LRSAM1, PLXNA1, PML, and SP1 with the highest frequency after 1000 interactions, was chosen to construct immune‐related signature. This signature showed robust predictive value for SCLC patients’ survival in both training and testing sets. This signature was weakly associated with the clinic pathological values like TNM stage. Furthermore, patients with low risk presented with activation of immune signal pathways, and specific immune cell infiltration with high levels of CD56bright NK cells but low levels of CD8+ T cells, mast cells, and helper T cells. Conclusion The present study developed immune‐related signature that may help predict the prognosis of SCLC patients, which reflects an unappreciated level of heterogeneity of immunophenotype associated with diverse prognosis for specific subsets in this highly lethal cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Huili Chu
- Department of Oncology, No. 960 Hospital, The People's Liberation Army of China, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Yi
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Yu
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaping Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
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Das M, Padda SK, Weiss J, Owonikoko TK. Advances in Treatment of Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): Insights for Optimizing Patient Outcomes from an Expert Roundtable Discussion. Adv Ther 2021; 38:5431-5451. [PMID: 34564806 PMCID: PMC8475485 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Second-line treatment options for patients with relapsed, extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) are limited, and even with currently available treatments, prognosis remains poor. Until recently, topotecan (a topoisomerase I inhibitor) was the only drug approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of ES-SCLC following progression after first-line treatment with etoposide plus a platinum derivative (EP; carboplatin preferred). With the most recent approval of EP plus a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, there are now more therapeutic options for managing ES-SCLC. A number of novel agents have emerging data for activity in relapsed ES-SCLC, and single-agent lurbinectedin (an alkylating drug and selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription and DNA repair machinery in tumor cells) has conditional FDA approval for use in this patient population. Trilaciclib, a short-acting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitor, has also been recently approved as a supportive intervention for use prior to an EP or a topotecan-containing regimen to diminish the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. The current review is based on a recent expert roundtable discussion and summarizes current therapeutic agents and emerging data on newer agents and biomarkers. It also provides evidence-based clinical considerations and a treatment decision tool for oncologists treating patients with relapsed ES-SCLC. This paper discusses the importance of various factors to consider when selecting a second-line treatment option, including prior first-line treatment, available second-line treatment options, tumor platinum sensitivity, and patient characteristics (such as performance status, comorbidities, and patient-expressed and perceived values).
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Liguori NR, Lee Y, Borges W, Zhou L, Azzoli C, El-Deiry WS. Absence of Biomarker-Driven Treatment Options in Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Selected Preclinical Candidates for Next Generation Combination Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747180. [PMID: 34531756 PMCID: PMC8438120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancers. In SCLC, more than other malignancies, the standard of care is based on clinical demonstration of efficacy, and less on a mechanistic understanding of why certain treatments work better than others. This is in large part due to the virulence of the disease, and lack of clinically or biologically relevant biomarkers beyond routine histopathology. While first line therapies work in the majority of patients with extensive stage disease, development of resistance is nearly universal. Although neuroendocrine features, Rb and p53 mutations are common, the current lack of actionable biomarkers has made it difficult to develop more effective treatments. Some progress has been made with the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There are new agents, such as lurbinectedin, that have completed late-phase clinical testing while other agents are still in the pre-clinical phase. ONC201/TIC10 is an imipridone with strong in vivo and in vitro antitumor properties and activity against neuroendocrine tumors in phase 1 clinical testing. ONC201 activates the cellular integrated stress response and induces the TRAIL pro-apoptotic pathway. Combination treatment of lurbinectedin with ONC201 are currently being investigated in preclinical studies that may facilitate translation into clinical trials for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Liguori
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Young Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - William Borges
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Thoracic Oncology, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Christopher Azzoli
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Thoracic Oncology, Providence, RI, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Thoracic Oncology, Providence, RI, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Ai X, Pan Y, Shi J, Yang N, Liu C, Zhou J, Zhang X, Dong X, He J, Li X, Chen G, Li X, Zhang H, Liao W, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Jiang L, Cui J, Hu C, Wang W, Huang C, Zhao J, Ding C, Hu X, Wang K, Gao B, Song Y, Liu X, Xiong J, Liu A, Li J, Liu Z, Li Y, Wang M, Zhang B, Zhang D, Lu S. Efficacy and Safety of Niraparib as Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Extensive-Stage SCLC After First-Line Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1403-1414. [PMID: 33915252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ZL-2306-005 is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of niraparib, a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, as first-line maintenance therapy in Chinese patients with platinum-responsive, extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). METHODS Patients with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to standardized, platinum-based first-line chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to receive niraparib or placebo (300 mg [baseline body weight ≥ 77 kg, platelet count ≥ 150,000/μL] or 200 mg) once daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) (blinded independent central review) and overall survival (sample size planned: 591 patients). Secondary end points included investigator-evaluated PFS and safety. RESULTS ZL-2306-005 was terminated early owing to ES-SCLC treatment landscape changes (data cutoff: March 20, 2020). During July 2018-February 2020, a total of 185 of 272 patients screened were randomized (niraparib: n = 125 [CR = 1, PR = 124]; placebo: n = 60 [CR = 1, PR = 59]). Median (95% confidence interval [CI]) PFS (blinded independent central review) was 1.54 months (1.41-2.69, niraparib) and 1.36 months (1.31-1.48, placebo); hazard ratio (HR) = 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46-0.95, p = 0.0242). Median overall survival was 9.92 months (9.33-13.54, niraparib) and 11.43 months (9.53-not estimable, placebo); HR = 1.03 (95% CI: 0.62-1.73, p = 0.9052). Median investigator-evaluated PFS was 1.48 months (1.41-2.56, niraparib) and 1.41 months (1.31-2.00, placebo); HR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.61-1.26; p = 0.4653). Grade greater than or equal to 3 adverse events occurred in 34.4% (niraparib) and 25.0% (placebo) of patients. CONCLUSIONS ZL-2306-005 did not reach primary end points. Nevertheless, niraparib as maintenance therapy modestly improved PFS in patients with platinum-responsive ES-SCLC, with acceptable tolerability profile and no new safety signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Ai
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Chemotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nong Yang
- Lung & Gastrointestinal Oncology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Helong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiration, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Beili Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The 307th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shenyang the Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhang
- R&D Department, Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- R&D Department, Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhang X, Wei C, Liang H, Han L. Polo-Like Kinase 4's Critical Role in Cancer Development and Strategies for Plk4-Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:587554. [PMID: 33777739 PMCID: PMC7994899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.587554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are critical regulatory molecules during the cell cycle process. This family has five members: Plk1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Plk4 has been identified as a master regulator of centriole replication, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with cancer development. In this review, we depict the DNA, mRNA, and protein structure of Plk4, and the regulation of Plk4 at a molecular level. Then we list the downstream targets of Plk4 and the hallmarks of cancer associated with these targets. The role of Plk4 in different cancers is also summarized. Finally, we review the inhibitors that target Plk4 in the hope of discovering effective anticancer drugs. From authors' perspective, Plk4 might represent a valuable tumor biomarker and critical target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Huang W, Chen JJ, Xing R, Zeng YC. Combination therapy: Future directions of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100889. [PMID: 33065386 PMCID: PMC7567053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive and devastating malignancy, is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Although most patients respond to first-line chemotherapy, the majority of patients rapidly relapse and have a relatively poor prognosis. Fortunately, immunotherapy, mainly including antibodies that target the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), checkpoints programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to block immune regulatory checkpoints on tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts cells and endothelial cells, has achieved the milestone in several solid tumors, such as melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). In recent years, immunotherapy has made progress in the treatment of patients with SCLC, while its response rate is relatively low to monotherapy. Interestingly, the combination of immunotherapy with other therapy, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, preliminarily achieve greater therapeutic effects for treating SCLC. Combining different immunotherapy drugs may act synergistically because of the complementary effects of the two immune checkpoint pathways (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways). The incorporation of chemoradiotherapy in immunotherapy may augment antitumor immune responses because chemoradiotherapy can enhance tumor cell immunogenicity by rapidly inducing tumor lysis and releasing tumor antigens. In addition, since immunotherapy drugs and the molecular targets drugs act on different targets and cells, the combination of these drugs may achieve greater therapeutic effects in the treatment of SCLC. In this review, we focused on the completed and ongoing trials of the combination therapy for immunotherapy of SCLC to find out the rational combination strategies which may improve the outcomes for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Yue-Can Zeng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110022, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Road, Haikou 571199, China.
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13
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Kmeid M, Gillie B, Asarian A, Xiao P. Squamous cell carcinoma mimics small cell carcinoma of the lung: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2020; 2020:rjaa531. [PMID: 33391656 PMCID: PMC7769549 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) accounts for roughly 20% of lung cancers in the USA. The 2015 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors further categorizes SCC as three subtypes: keratinizing, non-keratinizing and basaloid variant. The non-keratinizing subtype is a poorly differentiated tumor that can present histologically in different ways, and one of which is a rare variant that strongly resembles small cell carcinoma. As a result, histological diagnosis alone is not sufficient to properly diagnose lung carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry has been increasingly used over the past few years to differentiate between lung tumors. The combination of morphological and immunohistochemical staining should be the mainstay for diagnosis of all lung carcinomas as more targeted therapies become more available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kmeid
- St George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Breanne Gillie
- St George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Armand Asarian
- Department of Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Philip Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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14
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Artificial Intelligence Tools for Refining Lung Cancer Screening. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123860. [PMID: 33261057 PMCID: PMC7760157 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-quarter of all cancer deaths worldwide are due to lung cancer, making this disease the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. The most important determinant of survival in lung cancer is the disease stage at diagnosis, thus developing an effective screening method for early diagnosis has been a long-term goal in lung cancer care. In the last decade, and based on the results of large clinical trials, lung cancer screening programs using low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) in high-risk individuals have been implemented in some clinical settings, however, this method has various limitations, especially a high false-positive rate which eventually results in a number of unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions among the screened subjects. By using complex algorithms and software, artificial intelligence (AI) is capable to emulate human cognition in the analysis, interpretation, and comprehension of complicated data and currently, it is being successfully applied in various healthcare settings. Taking advantage of the ability of AI to quantify information from images, and its superior capability in recognizing complex patterns in images compared to humans, AI has the potential to aid clinicians in the interpretation of LDCT images obtained in the setting of lung cancer screening. In the last decade, several AI models aimed to improve lung cancer detection have been reported. Some algorithms performed equal or even outperformed experienced radiologists in distinguishing benign from malign lung nodules and some of those models improved diagnostic accuracy and decreased the false-positive rate. Here, we discuss recent publications in which AI algorithms are utilized to assess chest computer tomography (CT) scans imaging obtaining in the setting of lung cancer screening.
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15
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Raza G, Yunus FUN, Mangukiya HB, Merugu SB, Mashausi DS, Zeling W, Negi H, Zhou B, Roy D, Wu Z, Li D. A novel target anti-interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in lung cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107155. [PMID: 33243603 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL13Rα2 shows high expression in different types of tumors and can be a target for cancer therapy in humans due to its poor prognosis. The aim of our study is to characterize and investigate the effect of interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2monoclonal antibody mAb15D8 on lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by blocking its specific epitope in IL13Rα2 antigen. The mAb15D8 blocking epitope was analyzed through the mutagenesis of IL13Rα2 and confirmed with western blot. We found that the IL13Rα2 epitope recognized by mAb15D8 antibody is a new binding site localized in the fibronectin-III domain-1 of IL13Rα2 antigen. Moreover, the mAb15D8 obviously reduced cell proliferation, migration of H460, A549, SKOV3, and B16F10 cells. Treatment with mAb15D8 significantly reduced the H460 xenograft tumor formation and growth in nude mice and inhibited B16F10 tumor metastasis and increased survival in C57BL/6 mice. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis demonstrated the safety of mAb15D8 as a potential therapeutic agent. We developed a novel mouse monoclonal antibody against IL13Rα2 which binds to specific epitope on IL13Rα2 antigen. In vivo treatment with the antibody significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis and prolonged survival. These results suggest mAb15D8 antibody as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fakhar-Un-Nisa Yunus
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | - Wang Zeling
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hema Negi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Debmalya Roy
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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16
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Mao S, Lu Z, Zheng S, Zhang H, Zhang G, Wang F, Huang J, Lei Y, Wang X, Liu C, Sun N, He J. Exosomal miR-141 promotes tumor angiogenesis via KLF12 in small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:193. [PMID: 32958011 PMCID: PMC7504642 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, a basic requirement for tumor cell survival, is considered to be a malignant characteristic of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is closely related to the poor outcomes of SCLC patients. miR-141 has been found to play pro- and antiangiogenic roles in different cancers, but its role in SCLC angiogenesis has never been explored. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from plasm exosomes and serum of SCLC patients to examine the expression of miR-141 by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, tube formation assay, aortic ring assay and mouse tumor model were used to investigate the effect of exosomal miR-141 in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase assay was conducted to explore the target gene of miR-141. RESULTS Circulating miR-141 was upregulated in samples from 122 SCLC patients compared with those from normal volunteers and that the increase in miR-141 was significantly associated with advanced TNM stages, implying the potential oncogenic role of miR-141 in SCLC malignancy. In vitro, miR-141 that was packaged into SCLC cell-secreted exosomes and delivered to human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) via exosomes facilitated HUVEC proliferation, invasion, migration and tube formation and promoted microvessel sprouting from mouse aortic rings. Matrigel plug assays demonstrated that SCLC cell-derived exosomal miR-141 induced neoangiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, mouse subcutaneous tumor nodules that were developed from miR-141-overexpressing SCLC cells had a higher microvessel density (MVD) and grew faster than those developed from negative control cells. KLF12 was found to be the direct target gene of miR-141 and that the proangiogenic effect of miR-141 on HUVECs was abrogated by KLF12 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the specific function of the exosomal miR-141/KLF12 pathway in SCLC angiogenesis for the first time and provide potential novel targets for antiangiogenic therapies for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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17
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Gampe C, Verma VA. Curse or Cure? A Perspective on the Developability of Aldehydes as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14357-14381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gampe
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080 California, United States
| | - Vishal A. Verma
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080 California, United States
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18
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Yu L, Lai Q, Gou L, Feng J, Yang J. Opportunities and obstacles of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer. J Drug Target 2020; 29:1-11. [PMID: 32700566 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1797050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignant tumour which accounts for approximately 13-15% of all newly diagnosed lung cancer cases. To date, platinum-based chemotherapy are still the first-line treatments for SCLC. However, chemotherapy resistance and systemic toxicity limit the long-term clinical outcome of first-line treatment in SCLC. Recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made great breakthrough in cancer therapy, and researchers aim to exploit both as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy to improve the survival of SCLC patients, but limited effectiveness and the adverse events remain the major obstacles in the treatment of SCLC. To overcome these challenges for SCLC therapies, prevention and early diagnosis for this refractory disease is very important. At the same time, we should reveal more information about the pathogenesis of SCLC and the mechanism of drug resistance. Finally, new treatment strategies should also be taken into considerations, such as repurposing drug, optimising of targets, combination therapy strategies or prognostic biomarkers to enhance therapeutic effects and decrease the adverse events rates in SCLC patients. This article will review the molecular biology characteristics of SCLC and discuss the opportunities and obstacles of the current therapy for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- The Clinical Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafu Feng
- The Clinical Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Liu M, Liu X, Suo P, Gong Y, Qu B, Peng X, Xiao W, Li Y, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Lu Y, Huang T, Zhao Y, Liu M, Li L, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liu G, Yao J, Chen S, Song L. The contribution of hereditary cancer-related germline mutations to lung cancer susceptibility. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:646-658. [PMID: 32676327 PMCID: PMC7354149 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-19-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Germline variations may contribute to lung cancer susceptibility besides environmental factors. The influence of germline mutations on lung cancer susceptibility and their correlation with somatic mutations has not been systematically investigated. Methods In this study, germline mutations from 1,026 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were analyzed with a 58-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel containing known hereditary cancer-related genes, and were categorized based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines in pathogenicity, and the corresponding somatic mutations were analyzed using a 605-gene NGS panel containing known cancer-related genes. Results Plausible genetic susceptibility was found in 4.7% of lung cancer patients, in which 14 patients with pathogenic mutations (P group) and 34 patients with likely-pathogenic mutations (LP group) were identified. The ratio of the first degree relatives with lung cancer history of the P groups was significantly higher than the Non-P group (P=0.009). The ratio of lung cancer patients with history of other cancers was higher in P (P=0.0007) or LP (P=0.017) group than the Non-P group. Pathogenic mutations fell most commonly in BRCA2, followed by CHEK2 and ATM. Likely-pathogenic mutations fell most commonly in NTRK1 and EXT2, followed by BRIP1 and PALB2. These genes are involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and tumor suppression. By comparing the germline mutation frequency from this study with that from the whole population or East Asian population (gnomAD database), we found that the overall odds ratio (OR) for P or LP group was 17.93 and 15.86, respectively, when compared with the whole population, and was 2.88 and 3.80, respectively, when compared with the East Asian population, suggesting the germline mutations of the P and LP groups were risk factors for lung cancer. Somatic mutation analysis revealed no significant difference in tumor mutation burden (TMB) among the groups, although a trend of lower TMB in the pathogenic group was found. The SNV/INDEL mutation frequency of TP53 in the P group was significantly lower than the other two groups, and the copy number variation (CNV) mutation frequency of PIK3CA and MET was significantly higher than the Non-P group. Pathway enrichment analysis found no significant difference in aberrant pathways among the three groups. Conclusions A proportion of 4.7% of patients carrying germline variants may be potentially linked to increased susceptibility to lung cancer. Patients with pathogenic germline mutations exhibited stronger family history and higher lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Peisu Suo
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- The Second Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Baolin Qu
- The Second Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiumei Peng
- The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuemin Li
- The Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Tanxiao Huang
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yingshen Zhao
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Liu
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yaru Chen
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianfei Yao
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shifu Chen
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lele Song
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China.,The Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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20
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Wang Y, Han X, Wang X, Sheng W, Chen Z, Shu W, Han J, Zhao S, Dai Y, Wang K, Shi W, Yang Z. Genomic based analyses reveal unique mutational profiling and identify prognostic biomarker for overall survival in Chinese small-cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 49:1143-1150. [PMID: 31612912 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As an aggressive subtype of lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) presents a poor prognosis. Although molecular and clinical characteristics have been established for SCLC, limited investigation has been performed for predicting survival of SCLC patients. METHODS Genomic alterations were profiled in Chinese SCLC patients (N = 37) using targeted sequencing. Clonal mutation burden (CMB) integrated the number of mutations with the clonal structure of the tumor. Specific pathways involving DNA damage repair (DDR) and cell cycle as well as CMB were studied as potential biomarkers for prognosis of SCLC. RESULTS TP53 and RB1 gene mutations were the most common alterations (91.9% and 83.8%, respectively), followed by LRP1B, FAM135B, SPTA1, KMT2D, FAT1, and NOTCH3. Survival analysis revealed that mutation status of the DDR pathway was associated with worse OS in our cohort. Importantly, patients with higher CMB exhibited worse OS in our cohort and this observation was successfully validated in the cBioportal cohort. Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated CMB as a promising independent prognostic factor for OS in Chinese SCLC patients. Interestingly, patients with loss of function of RB1, validated by immunohistochemistry staining, appeared to have worse OS. CONCLUSIONS The mutational profiling of Chinese SCLC patients signified an ethnicity dependent component. CMB was firstly found to be associated with OS of Chinese SCLC patients and could be regarded as a prognostic marker for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Experiment, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weibin Shu
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junqing Han
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yi Dai
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Weiwei Shi
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, An Z, Li W. Molecular Links Between Angiogenesis and Neuroendocrine Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1491. [PMID: 32039001 PMCID: PMC6985539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common therapy for prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective for the majority of patients. However, prolonged ADT promotes drug resistance and progression to an aggressive variant with reduced androgen receptor signaling, so called neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Until present, NEPC is still poorly understood, and lethal with no effective treatments. Elevated expression of neuroendocrine related markers and increased angiogenesis are two prominent phenotypes of NEPC, and both of them are positively associated with cancers progression. However, direct molecular links between the two phenotypes in NEPC and their mechanisms remain largely unclear. Their elucidation should substantially expand our knowledge in NEPC. This knowledge, in turn, would facilitate the development of effective NEPC treatments. We recently showed that a single critical pathway regulates both ADT-enhanced angiogenesis and elevated expression of neuroendocrine markers. This pathway consists of CREB1, EZH2, and TSP1. Here, we seek new insights to identify molecules common to pathways promoting angiogenesis and neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer. To this end, our focus is to summarize the literature on proteins reported to regulate both neuroendocrine marker expression and angiogenesis as potential molecular links. These proteins, often described in separate biological contexts or diseases, include AURKA and AURKB, CHGA, CREB1, EZH2, FOXA2, GRK3, HIF1, IL-6, MYCN, ONECUT2, p53, RET, and RB1. We also present the current efforts in prostate cancer or other diseases to target some of these proteins, which warrants testing for NEPC, given the urgent unmet need in treating this aggressive variant of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
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22
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Chen R, Li D, Zheng M, Chen B, Wei T, Wang Y, Li M, Huang W, Tong Q, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Fang W, Guo L, Fang S. FGFRL1 affects chemoresistance of small-cell lung cancer by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway via ENO1. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2123-2134. [PMID: 31957179 PMCID: PMC7011138 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor‐like 1 (FGFRL1), a member of the FGFR family, has been demonstrated to play important roles in various cancers. However, the role of FGFRL1 in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of FGFRL1 in chemoresistance of SCLC and elucidate the possible molecular mechanism. We found that FGFRL1 levels are significantly up‐regulated in multidrug‐resistant SCLC cells (H69AR and H446DDP) compared with the sensitive parental cells (H69 and H446). In addition, clinical samples showed that FGFRL1 was overexpressed in SCLC tissues, and high FGFRL1 expression was associated with the clinical stage, chemotherapy response and survival time of SCLC patients. Knockdown of FGFRL1 in chemoresistant SCLC cells increased chemosensitivity by increasing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, whereas overexpression of FGFRL1 in chemosensitive SCLC cells produced the opposite results. Mechanistic investigations showed that FGFRL1 interacts with ENO1, and FGFRL1 was found to regulate the expression of ENO1 and its downstream signalling pathway (the PI3K/Akt pathway) in SCLC cells. In brief, our study demonstrated that FGFRL1 modulates chemoresistance of SCLC by regulating the ENO1‐PI3K/Akt pathway. FGFRL1 may be a predictor and a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Tong
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Fang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Targeting CXCR1/2: The medicinal potential as cancer immunotherapy agents, antagonists research highlights and challenges ahead. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111853. [PMID: 31732253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intractable issue in anti-cancer immunotherapy. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 recruit immune suppressive cells such as the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the TME. Therefore, CXCR1/2 antagonists have aroused pharmaceutical interest in recent years. In this review, the medicinal chemistry of CXCR1/2 antagonists and their relevance in cancer immunotherapy have been summarized. The development of the drug candidates, along with their design rationale, clinical status and current challenges have also been discussed.
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24
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Deneka AY, Boumber Y, Beck T, Golemis EA. Tumor-Targeted Drug Conjugates as an Emerging Novel Therapeutic Approach in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091297. [PMID: 31484422 PMCID: PMC6769513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few effective therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive disease representing 15% of total lung cancers. With median survival <2 years, SCLC is one of the most lethal cancers. At present, chemotherapies and radiation therapy are commonly used for SCLC management. Few protein-targeted therapies have shown efficacy in improving overall survival; immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising agents, but many SCLC tumors do not express ICI targets such as PD-L1. This article presents an alternative approach to the treatment of SCLC: the use of drug conjugates, where a targeting moiety concentrates otherwise toxic agents in the vicinity of tumors, maximizing the differential between tumor killing and the cytotoxicity of normal tissues. Several tumor-targeted drug conjugate delivery systems exist and are currently being actively tested in the setting of SCLC. These include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), radioimmunoconjugates (RICs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), and polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). We summarize the basis of action for these targeting compounds, discussing principles of construction and providing examples of effective versus ineffective compounds, as established by preclinical and clinical testing. Such agents may offer new therapeutic options for the clinical management of this challenging disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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25
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Dera A, Rajagopalan P. Thymoquinone attenuates phosphorylation of AKT to inhibit kidney cancer cell proliferation. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12793. [PMID: 31353586 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (Tq) is an active compound from Nigella sativa which is used in traditional medicine. The effect of Tq on kidney cancer and the pathway of action remain unproven. Herein, we report the anticancer properties of Tq on kidney cancer cells. Tq demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in A498 cells with a GI50 value of 40.07 µM and Caki-1 cells with a GI50 of 51.04 µM by the MTT assay. Tq exhibited nuclear fragmentation and inhibited trans-endothelial migration of A498 and Caki-1 cells in a dose-responsive manner. Time-dependent increase in Annexin V-positive cells and sub-G0 /G1 cell population was observed post-Tq treatment. The compound increased Bax protein levels and reduced Bcl-2 protein levels dose dependently in cells, thereby favoring apoptosis. Tq decreased the phosphorylation of Akt in both kidney cell types. The results suggest effective anticancer activity of Tq on kidney cancer cells which may be mediated by the Akt pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Results from the current investigation will through more light on the mechanistic pathway of Tq activity on the inhibition of kidney cancer cell proliferation. The output of this preclinical in vitro study may be translated into better chemotherapeutics of Tq and its analogs to treat kidney cancer. However, a detailed investigation on in vivo models is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center of Advanced Materials, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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26
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27
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Wang Z, Fu S, Zhao J, Zhao W, Shen Z, Wang D, Duan J, Bai H, Wan R, Yu J, Wang S, Chen H, Chen B, Wang L, Wang J. Transbronchoscopic patient biopsy-derived xenografts as a preclinical model to explore chemorefractory-associated pathways and biomarkers for small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:180-188. [PMID: 30347283 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient tumor tissue is a major barrier for cancer biology research in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and has driven the development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from biopsy tumor tissues. Here, we utilized transbronchoscopic biopsy specimens from SCLC tumors to establish PDXs and evaluated the genomic profile using next-generation sequencing and an RNA sequencing platform. The PDX establishment rate was 54.1% (40/74). PDXs largely recapitulated the major characteristics of their corresponding primary tumors, such as histopathology, genetic profile, and chemo-responsiveness. Compared with chemosensitive (chemo-S) PDXs, chemorefractory (chemo-R) PDXs demonstrated significant gene aberrances in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and a higher frequency of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-related genes. Phosphorylated ERK (pERK) was associated with chemo-R status. Patients with positive pERK expression demonstrated significantly inferior progression-free survival after first-line chemotherapy compared with that of patients who were negative for pERK (p < 0.001). Collectively, transbronchoscopic biopsy SCLC PDXs can serve as a model for genomic profiling and identifying biomarkers predictive of chemo-R status. Using PDXs, RTK-related gene aberrances and pERK expression were found to be associated with chemo-R SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- The BeiGene Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- GCP Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- CATS Academy Boston, 2001 Washington Street, Braintree, MA, 02184, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- The BeiGene Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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