1
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Demirdağ HG, Akay BN. Dermatoscopic profiling of inverted follicular keratosis in different skin phenotypes. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:984-990. [PMID: 38183679 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) is a rare benign tumour of the follicular infundibulum. Owing to its similarity to other benign and malignant cutaneous lesions, it poses a diagnostic challenge. There is limited information on the dermatoscopic characteristics of IFK and the majority of cases have been reported in patients with lighter skin types. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalent dermatoscopic features of IFK, especially in patients with skin of colour. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 35 histopathologically verified cases of IFK from a single university hospital in Turkey. RESULTS With respect to the Fitzpatrick skin phototype, 2 (6%), 12 (34%), 16 (46%) and 5 (14%) patients had Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II, III, IV and V, respectively. Clinically, the majority of IFKs were hypopigmented or nonpigmented (83%). Pink-white structureless areas (54%), ulceration (54%), a central keratin mass (43%) and blood spots on keratin mass (43%) were the most frequent dermatoscopic findings. Pigmented structures were observed as blue-grey structureless areas in 12 lesions and as blue-grey clods in 5, primarily in Fitzpatrick phototype IV and V skin. The incidence of a pink, structureless area and blood spots on ulceration was found to be statistically significantly higher in individuals with fairer skin types, while a greater prevalence of blue-grey coloration was observed in those with skin of colour (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although our study found some distinguishing dermatoscopic findings in IFK, diagnosis is generally confirmed by histopathology, as the clinical appearance and dermatoscopic findings may not be sufficient to differentiate it from other tumours, especially squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. The dermatoscopic characteristics of dark skin are comparable to those of pale skin; however, hyperpigmentation can be more noticeable in skin of colour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bengü Nisa Akay
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Catizani Lopes L, Castro Guimarães M, Pimenta Marques J, Lencastre A. Melanoma of the Nail Unit. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:560-561. [PMID: 38759957 DOI: 10.20344/amp.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Catizani Lopes
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar Artemisa. Unidade Local de Saúde de Lisboa Ocidental. Parede. Portugal
| | | | - Joana Pimenta Marques
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar São João do Estoril. Unidade Local de Saúde de Lisboa Ocidental. Estoril. Portugal
| | - André Lencastre
- Hospital de Cascais. Cascais; Hospital da Luz. Lisboa. Portugal
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3
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Korecka K, Kwiatkowska D, Mazur E, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Reich A, Żaba R, Polańska A. An Update on Non-Invasive Skin Imaging Techniques in Actinic Keratosis-A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1043. [PMID: 39064472 PMCID: PMC11278531 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonmelanocytic skin cancers (NMSCs) are currently the most common group of human cancers and include all tumors that are not melanomas. Increased exposure to sunlight over the past few years, the lack of regular and proper use of sunscreen, the aging of the population, and better screening techniques are the reasons for the escalation in their diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises nearly 37% of the tumors in this group and can originate from actinic keratosis (AK), which usually presents as pink, often scaly plaques, usually located on the face or scalp. Advances in dermatoscopy, as well as the development of other non-invasive skin imaging modalities such as high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT), have allowed for greatly increased sensitivity in diagnosing these lesions and monitoring their treatment. Since AK therapy is usually local, and SCCs must be removed surgically, non-invasive imaging methods enable to correctly qualify difficult lesions. This is especially important given that they are very often located on the face, and achieving an appropriate cosmetic result after treatments in this area is very important for the patients. In this review, the authors describe the use of non-invasive skin imaging methods in the diagnosis of actinic keratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Korecka
- Department of Dermatology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Mazur
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Żaba
- Department of Dermatology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (A.P.)
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4
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Lin RZ, Amith MT, Wang CX, Strickley J, Tao C. Dermoscopy Differential Diagnosis Explorer (D3X) Ontology to Aggregate and Link Dermoscopic Patterns to Differential Diagnoses: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Med Inform 2024; 12:e49613. [PMID: 38904996 PMCID: PMC11226929 DOI: 10.2196/49613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermoscopy is a growing field that uses microscopy to allow dermatologists and primary care physicians to identify skin lesions. For a given skin lesion, a wide variety of differential diagnoses exist, which may be challenging for inexperienced users to name and understand. OBJECTIVE In this study, we describe the creation of the dermoscopy differential diagnosis explorer (D3X), an ontology linking dermoscopic patterns to differential diagnoses. METHODS Existing ontologies that were incorporated into D3X include the elements of visuals ontology and dermoscopy elements of visuals ontology, which connect visual features to dermoscopic patterns. A list of differential diagnoses for each pattern was generated from the literature and in consultation with domain experts. Open-source images were incorporated from DermNet, Dermoscopedia, and open-access research papers. RESULTS D3X was encoded in the OWL 2 web ontology language and includes 3041 logical axioms, 1519 classes, 103 object properties, and 20 data properties. We compared D3X with publicly available ontologies in the dermatology domain using a semiotic theory-driven metric to measure the innate qualities of D3X with others. The results indicate that D3X is adequately comparable with other ontologies of the dermatology domain. CONCLUSIONS The D3X ontology is a resource that can link and integrate dermoscopic differential diagnoses and supplementary information with existing ontology-based resources. Future directions include developing a web application based on D3X for dermoscopy education and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z Lin
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Muhammad Tuan Amith
- Department of Information Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Cynthia X Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente Redwood City Medical Center, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - John Strickley
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Cui Tao
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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5
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Papachristou P, Söderholm M, Pallon J, Taloyan M, Polesie S, Paoli J, Anderson CD, Falk M. Evaluation of an artificial intelligence-based decision support for the detection of cutaneous melanoma in primary care: a prospective real-life clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 2024; 191:125-133. [PMID: 38234043 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of artificial intelligence (AI), or machine learning, to assess dermoscopic images of skin lesions to detect melanoma has, in several retrospective studies, shown high levels of diagnostic accuracy on par with - or even outperforming - experienced dermatologists. However, the enthusiasm around these algorithms has not yet been matched by prospective clinical trials performed in authentic clinical settings. In several European countries, including Sweden, the initial clinical assessment of suspected skin cancer is principally conducted in the primary healthcare setting by primary care physicians, with or without access to teledermoscopic support from dermatology clinics. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic performance of an AI-based clinical decision support tool for cutaneous melanoma detection, operated by a smartphone application (app), when used prospectively by primary care physicians to assess skin lesions of concern due to some degree of melanoma suspicion. METHODS This prospective multicentre clinical trial was conducted at 36 primary care centres in Sweden. Physicians used the smartphone app on skin lesions of concern by photographing them dermoscopically, which resulted in a dichotomous decision support text regarding evidence for melanoma. Regardless of the app outcome, all lesions underwent standard diagnostic procedures (surgical excision or referral to a dermatologist). After investigations were complete, lesion diagnoses were collected from the patients' medical records and compared with the app's outcome and other lesion data. RESULTS In total, 253 lesions of concern in 228 patients were included, of which 21 proved to be melanomas, with 11 thin invasive melanomas and 10 melanomas in situ. The app's accuracy in identifying melanomas was reflected in an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.960 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.928-0.980], corresponding to a maximum sensitivity and specificity of 95.2% and 84.5%, respectively. For invasive melanomas alone, the AUROC was 0.988 (95% CI 0.965-0.997), corresponding to a maximum sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 92.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The clinical decision support tool evaluated in this investigation showed high diagnostic accuracy when used prospectively in primary care patients, which could add significant clinical value for primary care physicians assessing skin lesions for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papachristou
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrium Healthcare Centre, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Söderholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Ekholmen Primary Healthcare Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jon Pallon
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Marina Taloyan
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrium Healthcare Centre, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sam Polesie
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Paoli
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris D Anderson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Falk
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Region Östergötland, Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
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6
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Cassalia F, Gratteri F, Azzi L, Tosi AL, Giordani M. Deep mycosis mimicking cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Reports 2024; 16:9782. [PMID: 38957634 PMCID: PMC11216138 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2023.9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep cutaneous mycoses (DCMs) and skin fungal infections can cause significant morbidity until diagnosed and treated. In immunocompromised people, Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp. fungi can cause these infections, but dermatophytes, especially Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, are the most common. Superficial erythematous lesions become firm subcutaneous nodules, ulcers, abscesses, or sinus tracts. In advanced cases, DCMs can cause osteomyelitis and bone loss. DCM included mycetoma, a chronic infectious disease of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and bones. In some areas, it is endemic and can mimic cutaneous tuberculosis or cancerous lesions, making diagnosis difficult. Clinical presentation, radiological findings, and microbiological culture are used to diagnose with molecular methods helping in culture-negative cases. An immunocompetent farmer with a wrist lesion initially suspected as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was histologically diagnosed as eumycetoma, emphasizing the importance of considering deep mycoses in high-risk individuals and their heterogeneous clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Azzi
- UOC Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua
| | - Anna L. Tosi
- UOC Pathological Anatomy, Department of Diagnosis and Treatment, Rovigo Hospital
| | - Mauro Giordani
- UOSD Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Rovigo Hospital, Italy
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7
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Sgouros D, Routsi E, Evangelodimou A, Lallas A, Apalla Z, Arvanitis DK, Pappa G, Lazaridou E, Fotiadou C, Evangelou G, Chaidemenos G, Ioannides D, Barkis I, Liopyris K, Nicolaidou E, Theotokoglou S, Syrmali A, Stratigos A, Rigopoulos D, Katoulis A. Use of Dermoscopy among Greek Dermatologists in Everyday Clinical Practice: A National Questionnaire-Based Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:972. [PMID: 38398285 PMCID: PMC10888643 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Dermatoscopy has been established as an important diagnostic tool for a wide range of skin diseases. This study aims to evaluate the use of dermatoscopy in clinical practice among Greek dermatologists. Methods: A nationwide questionnaire-based survey was conducted collecting data on the frequency of dermatoscopic examinations, the types of lesions examined, training and educational resources, as well as factors influencing the choice to incorporate dermatoscopy into daily clinical routines. Results: A total of 366 Greek dermatologists participated in the survey. Most of the respondents reported the daily use of dermatoscopy in their practice. Pigmented and non-pigmented lesions, inflammatory diseases, cutaneous infectious, hair disorders, and nail lesions were the most common indications for dermatoscopy. Factors influencing the utilization of dermatoscopy included increased diagnostic accuracy, enhanced patient care, better patient communication and general compliance, and improved satisfaction among dermatologists. Conclusions: This national questionnaire-based study demonstrates that dermatoscopy has become an integral part of daily dermatological practice in Greece. The findings highlight the significance of structured training and education to promote dermoscopy's effective and routine use. Incorporating dermatoscopy into clinical practice not only improves diagnostic precision but also enhances patient care, contributing to the overall quality of dermatological services in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Sgouros
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.K.A.); (G.P.); (S.T.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Eleni Routsi
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Andreas Sygros” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.L.); (E.N.); (A.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Athina Evangelodimou
- Dermatology Department, General Hospital of Athens, Evangelismos, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (Z.A.); (E.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Dimitrios K. Arvanitis
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.K.A.); (G.P.); (S.T.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Georgia Pappa
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.K.A.); (G.P.); (S.T.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Lazaridou
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (Z.A.); (E.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Christina Fotiadou
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (Z.A.); (E.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Georgios Evangelou
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitrios Ioannides
- First Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (D.I.)
| | | | - Konstantinos Liopyris
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Andreas Sygros” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.L.); (E.N.); (A.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Electra Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Andreas Sygros” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.L.); (E.N.); (A.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Sofia Theotokoglou
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.K.A.); (G.P.); (S.T.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Syrmali
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.K.A.); (G.P.); (S.T.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Andreas Sygros” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.L.); (E.N.); (A.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Andreas Sygros” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.L.); (E.N.); (A.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Alexander Katoulis
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.K.A.); (G.P.); (S.T.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
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8
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Mejía Posada MI, Gutiérrez Gómez M, María Vásquez-Trespalacios E, Garces Abad MA, Londoño García AM, González Álvarez T. Dermoscopic Changes in Melanocytic Lesions in 368 Patients With Atypical Nevus Syndrome and Their Association With Melanoma Incidence: A Cohort Study. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:130-136. [PMID: 37689350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atypical nevus syndrome has been described as one of the main risk factors for melanoma. The aim of this study was to analyze dermoscopic changes observed in melanocytic lesions over a follow-up period of 5 years in patients with atypical nevus syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients seen at a specialized skin cancer and digital body mapping clinic in Medellin, Colombia, between January 2017 and December 2022. We analyzed the dermoscopic changes observed during this period and explored their association with newly diagnosed melanoma. RESULTS A total of 368 patients (187 women) with a median (interquartile range) age of 43 (37-51) years were included. The dermoscopic features observed at 5 years were an atypical network (222 patients, 60.3%), asymmetric globules (163, 44.2%), white-gray regression areas (105, 28.5%), lesion regression (72, 19.5%), a negative pigment network (59, 16%), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (28, 7.6%), asymmetric projections (21, 5.7%), and asymmetric vascular patterns (8, 2.1%). Melanoma was diagnosed in 12.2% of patients during follow-up. Features significantly associated with a shorter time to melanoma onset were grayish-white areas (P <.001), asymmetric globules (P=.011), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (P=.047), and a negative pigment network (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS The main dermoscopic features of melanocytic lesions in patients with atypical nevus syndrome associated with progression to melanoma were grayish-white areas, asymmetric globules, asymmetric spots, and a negative pigment network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mejía Posada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | | | - M A Garces Abad
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A M Londoño García
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - T González Álvarez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
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9
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Mejía Posada MI, Gutiérrez Gómez M, Vásquez-Trespalacios EM, Garces Abad MA, Londoño García AM, González Álvarez T. [Translated article] Dermoscopic Changes in Melanocytic Lesions in 368 Patients With Atypical Nevus Syndrome and Their Association With Melanoma Incidence: A Cohort Study. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T130-T136. [PMID: 38048957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atypical nevus syndrome has been described as one of the main risk factors for melanoma. The aim of this study was to analyze dermoscopic changes observed in melanocytic lesions over a follow-up period of 5 years in patients with atypical nevus syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients seen at a specialized skin cancer and digital body mapping clinic in Medellin, Colombia, between January 2017 and December 2022. We analyzed the dermoscopic changes observed during this period and explored their association with newly diagnosed melanoma. RESULTS A total of 368 patients (187 women) with a median (interquartile range) age of 43 (37-51) years were included. The dermoscopic features observed at 5 years were an atypical network (222 patients, 60.3%), asymmetric globules (163, 44.2%), white-gray regression areas (105, 28.5%), lesion regression (72, 19.5%), a negative pigment network (59, 16%), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (28, 7.6%), asymmetric projections (21, 5.7%), and asymmetric vascular patterns (8, 2.1%). Melanoma was diagnosed in 12.2% of patients during follow-up. Features significantly associated with a shorter time to melanoma onset were grayish-white areas (P<.001), asymmetric globules (P=.011), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (P=.047), and a negative pigment network (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS The main dermoscopic features of melanocytic lesions in patients with atypical nevus syndrome associated with progression to melanoma were grayish-white areas, asymmetric globules, asymmetric spots, and a negative pigment network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mejía Posada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | | | - M A Garces Abad
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A M Londoño García
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - T González Álvarez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
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10
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Brutti F, La Rosa F, Lazzeri L, Benvenuti C, Bagnoni G, Massi D, Laurino M. Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Benign vs. Malignant Dermoscopic Skin Lesion Image Classification. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1322. [PMID: 38002446 PMCID: PMC10669580 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence of melanoma has grown rapidly. Hence, early diagnosis is crucial to improving clinical outcomes. Here, we propose and compare a classical image analysis-based machine learning method with a deep learning one to automatically classify benign vs. malignant dermoscopic skin lesion images. The same dataset of 25,122 publicly available dermoscopic images was used to train both models, while a disjointed test set of 200 images was used for the evaluation phase. The training dataset was randomly divided into 10 datasets of 19,932 images to obtain an equal distribution between the two classes. By testing both models on the disjoint set, the deep learning-based method returned accuracy of 85.4 ± 3.2% and specificity of 75.5 ± 7.6%, while the machine learning one showed accuracy and specificity of 73.8 ± 1.1% and 44.5 ± 4.7%, respectively. Although both approaches performed well in the validation phase, the convolutional neural network outperformed the ensemble boosted tree classifier on the disjoint test set, showing better generalization ability. The integration of new melanoma detection algorithms with digital dermoscopic devices could enable a faster screening of the population, improve patient management, and achieve better survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Brutti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (F.L.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (F.L.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Linda Lazzeri
- Uniti of Dermatologia, Specialist Surgery Area, Department of General Surgery, Livorno Hospital, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy; (L.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Chiara Benvenuti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (F.L.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Giovanni Bagnoni
- Uniti of Dermatologia, Specialist Surgery Area, Department of General Surgery, Livorno Hospital, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy; (L.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Marco Laurino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (F.L.R.); (C.B.)
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11
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Pham TTH, Luu TN, Nguyen TV, Huynh NT, Phan QH, Le TH. Polarimetric imaging combining optical parameters for classification of mice non-melanoma skin cancer tissue using machine learning. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22081. [PMID: 38034801 PMCID: PMC10682661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarimetric imaging systems combining machine learning is emerging as a promising tool for the support of diagnosis and intervention decision-making processes in cancer detection/staging. A present study proposes a novel method based on Mueller matrix imaging combining optical parameters and machine learning models for classifying the progression of skin cancer based on the identification of three different types of mice skin tissues: healthy, papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Three different machine learning algorithms (K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine (SVM)) are used to construct a classification model using a dataset consisting of Mueller matrix images and optical properties extracted from the tissue samples. The experimental results show that the SVM model is robust to discriminate among three classes in the training stage and achieves an accuracy of 94 % on the testing dataset. Overall, it is provided that polarimetric imaging systems and machine learning algorithms can dynamically combine for the reliable diagnosis of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu-Hien Pham
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Ngan Luu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thao-Vi Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc-Trinh Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - Quoc-Hung Phan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Hai Le
- Department of Information Technology Specialization, FPT University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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12
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Sortino AMF, Soares de Sá BC, Martins MA, Bertolli E, de Paula RB, Lopes Pinto CA, David Filho WJ, Tavoloni Braga JC, Duprat Neto JP, Carraro DM, Curado MP. Multiple Primary Melanoma: A Five-Year Prospective Single-Center Follow-Up Study of Two MC1R R/R Genotype Carriers. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2102. [PMID: 37895483 PMCID: PMC10608495 DOI: 10.3390/life13102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is a diagnostic challenge even with ancillary imaging technologies available to dermatologists. In selected patients' phenotypes, the use of imaging approaches can help better understand lesion characteristics, and aid in early diagnosis and management. METHODS Under a 5-year prospective single-center follow-up, 58 s primary melanomas (SPMs) were diagnosed in two first-degree relatives, with fair skin color, red hair, green eyes, and personal history of one previous melanoma each. Patients' behavior and descriptive demographic data were collected from medical records. The information on the first two primary melanomas (PMs) were retrieved from pathology reports. The characteristics of 60 melanomas were collected from medical records, video dermoscopy software, and pathology reports. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) was performed prior to excision of 22 randomly selected melanomas. RESULTS From February 2018 to May 2023, two patients underwent a pooled total of 214 excisional biopsies of suspect lesions, resulting in a combined benign versus malignant treatment ratio (NNT) of 2.0:1.0. The number of moles excised for each melanoma diagnosed (NNE) was 1.7:1.0 and 6.9:1.0 for the female and male patient respectively. The in-situ melanoma/invasive melanoma ratio (IIR) demonstrated a higher proportion of in-situ melanomas for both patients. From June 2018 to May 2023, a total of 58 SPMs were detected by the combination of total body skin exam (TBSE), total body skin photography (TBSP), digital dermoscopy (DD), and sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI) via comparative approach. The younger patient had her PM one month prior to the second and third cutaneous melanomas (CMs), characterizing a case of synchronous primary CM. The male older relative had a total of 7 nonsynchronous melanomas. CONCLUSIONS This CM cohort is composed of 83.3% in-situ melanoma and 16.7% invasive melanoma. Both patients had a higher percentage of SPM with clinical nevus-like morphology (84.5%), global dermoscopic pattern of asymmetric multiple component (60.3%) and located on the lower limbs (46.6%). When RCM was performed prior to excision, 81% of SPM had features suggestive of malignancy. As well, invasive melanomas were more frequent in the lower limbs (40%). In the multivariate model, for the two high-risk patients studied, the chance of a not associated with nevus ("de novo") invasive SPM diagnosis is 25 times greater than the chance of a diagnosis of a nevus-associated invasive SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Fagundes Sortino
- Clínica Dermatológica Dermatis, Rua Joaquim Floriano 466, Itaim Bibi, São Paulo 04534-002, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Alberto Martins
- Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Surgery Department, Avenida Lauro Gomes 2000, Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bertolli
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet 115, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
- A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo–BP Mirante, Rua Martiniano de Carvalho 965, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01323-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Brito de Paula
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires da Mota 1.167, Aclimação, São Paulo 01529-001, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Waldec Jorge David Filho
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo-Cruz, Rua Treze de Maio 1815, Bela Vista, São Paulo 01323-903, SP, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires da Mota 1.167, Aclimação, São Paulo 01529-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires da Mota 1.167, Aclimação, São Paulo 01529-001, SP, Brazil
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13
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Zongo N, Djiguemde AR, Yameogo PB, Bagué AH, Ka S, Traoré B, Pascal N, Dem A. Issues in the surgical management of skin squamous cell cancers in albinos-experience of two surgical oncology units in Burkina Faso. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:323. [PMID: 37833742 PMCID: PMC10571245 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Skin cancers in albinos are frequent in sunny countries. The surgeon plays a crucial role in their treatment. The objective was to describe the challenges of surgical management of skin cancer in albinos. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive, and multicenter study on skin cancer surgery in albinos performed over the past 14 years in Ouagadougou. We were interested in surgery indications, techniques, and results. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparisons of proportions were made by Student's t-test. RESULTS The cancers were multiple synchronous in 41.3%. We identified 46 albinos with 71 skin cancers. Surgery was performed in 93%. Lesions were located on the back, upper limbs, and head and face in 40.9%, 30.3%, and 16.7%, respectively. Precancerous lesions were treated concomitantly in 23.6%. The surgery consisted of a lumpectomy. Direct suturing and mobilization of flaps allowed skin coverage in 17.9% and 34.3%, respectively. Lymph node dissection was associated with the limbs in 73.1% of localizations. The average number of lymph nodes removed was 11, with extremes of 7 and 14. Node invasion was noted in 16 out of 19 cases. The resection margins were invaded in 7.5% and required surgical revision. Recurrences were noted in 8.9% of cases. Overall 2-year survival rate was 55.8%. CONCLUSIONS Surgery must meet the triple challenge of treating single or multiple synchronous cancers, precancerous lesions, and allowing good healing. Early diagnosis would reduce the rate of secondary healing and improve survival. The absence of extemporaneous histology and the large size of the tumors associated with the delay in diagnosis meant that surgery, whenever possible, was limited to wide and deep resection, to ensure healthy margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayi Zongo
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Adeline R Djiguemde
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Parateyandé Bonaventure Yameogo
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Halim Bagué
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sidy Ka
- Joliot Curie Institute of Dakar (Senegal), Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, 10700, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Niamba Pascal
- Digestive and General Surgery, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ahmadou Dem
- Joliot Curie Institute of Dakar (Senegal), Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, 10700, Dakar, Senegal
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14
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Luo N, Zhong X, Su L, Cheng Z, Ma W, Hao P. Artificial intelligence-assisted dermatology diagnosis: From unimodal to multimodal. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107413. [PMID: 37703714 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressively permeating medicine, notably in the realm of assisted diagnosis. However, the traditional unimodal AI models, reliant on large volumes of accurately labeled data and single data type usage, prove insufficient to assist dermatological diagnosis. Augmenting these models with text data from patient narratives, laboratory reports, and image data from skin lesions, dermoscopy, and pathologies could significantly enhance their diagnostic capacity. Large-scale pre-training multimodal models offer a promising solution, exploiting the burgeoning reservoir of clinical data and amalgamating various data types. This paper delves into unimodal models' methodologies, applications, and shortcomings while exploring how multimodal models can enhance accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, integrating cutting-edge technologies like federated learning and multi-party privacy computing with AI can substantially mitigate patient privacy concerns in dermatological datasets and further fosters a move towards high-precision self-diagnosis. Diagnostic systems underpinned by large-scale pre-training multimodal models can facilitate dermatology physicians in formulating effective diagnostic and treatment strategies and herald a transformative era in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Luxin Su
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zilin Cheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenyi Ma
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Pingsheng Hao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Rahbarinejad Y, Guio-Aguilar P, Vu AN, Lo M, McTigue C, Nirenberg A, Rozen WM. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Pseudoepithelial Hyperplasia Secondary to Red Ink Tattoo: A Case Series and Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062424. [PMID: 36983424 PMCID: PMC10056737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of tattooing has paralleled an increase in associated cutaneous reactions. Red ink is notorious for eliciting cutaneous reactions. A common reaction is pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which is a benign condition closely simulating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Differentiating PEH from SCC is challenging for pathologists and clinicians alike. The exact pathogenesis of these lesions secondary to red ink is not known, and there are no sources outlining diagnostic and treatment options and their efficacy. We present four study cases with different pathologies associated to red ink tattoos including lichenoid reaction, granulomatous reaction, PEH, and an SCC. Additionally, an extensive review of 63 articles was performed to investigate pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options. Hypotheses surrounding pathogenesis include but are not limited to the carcinogenic components of pigments, their reaction with UV and the traumatic process of tattooing. Pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial. Full-thickness biopsies with follow-up is the recommended diagnostic approach. There is no evidence of a single universally successful treatment for PEH. Low-dose steroids are usually tried following a step up in lack of clinical response. For SCC lesions, full surgical excision is widely used. A focus on clinicians' awareness of adverse reactions is key for prevention. Regulation of the unmonitored tattoo industry remains an ongoing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Rahbarinejad
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Pedro Guio-Aguilar
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Anh Ngoc Vu
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Michael Lo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Christine McTigue
- Dorevitch Pathology at Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Alex Nirenberg
- Dorevitch Pathology at Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Warren M Rozen
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC 3199, Australia
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16
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Ito T, Hashimoto H, Kaku-Ito Y, Tanaka Y, Nakahara T. Nail Apparatus Melanoma: Current Management and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062203. [PMID: 36983205 PMCID: PMC10057171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nail apparatus melanoma (NAM) is a rare type of cutaneous melanoma that belongs to the acral melanoma subtype. NAM is managed principally in accordance with the general treatment for cutaneous melanoma, but there is scarce evidence in support of this in the literature. Acral melanoma is genetically different from non-acral cutaneous melanoma, while recently accumulated data suggest that NAM also has a different genetic background from acral melanoma. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the management of NAM. Localized NAM should be surgically removed; amputation of the digit and digit-preserving surgery have been reported. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be considered for invasive NAM for the purpose of accurate staging. However, it is yet to be clarified whether patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes can be safely spared completion lymph node dissection. Similar to cutaneous melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors are used as the first-line treatment for metastatic NAM, but data on the efficacy of these therapies remain scarce. The therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors could be lower for NAM than for cutaneous melanoma. This review highlights the urgent need to accumulate data to better define the optimal management of this rare melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5585; Fax: +81-92-642-5600
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17
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Identification of Cancerous Skin Lesions Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography (VOCT): Use of VOCT in Conjunction with Machine Learning to Diagnose Skin Cancer Remotely Using Telemedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010156. [PMID: 36612151 PMCID: PMC9818398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, we used vibrational optical tomography (VOCT), along with machine learning, to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of using light and audible sound to differentiate between normal skin and skin cancers. The results reported indicate that the use of machine learning, and the height and location of the VOCT mechanovibrational peaks, have potential for being used to noninvasively differentiate between normal skin and different cancerous lesions. VOCT data, along with machine learning, is shown to predict the differences between normal skin and different skin cancers with a sensitivity and specificity at rates between 78 and 90%. The sensitivity and specificity will be improved using a larger database and by using other AI techniques. Ultimately, VOCT data, visual inspection, and dermoscopy, in conjunction with machine learning, will be useful in telemedicine to noninvasively identify potentially malignant skin cancers in remote areas of the country where dermatologists are not readily available.
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18
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Giuffrida R, Conforti C, Blum A, Buljan M, Guarneri F, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Longo C, Paoli J, Rosendahl C, Soyer HP, Jurakić Tončić R, Vezzoni R, Zalaudek I. Vascular Diameter as Clue for the Diagnosis of Clinically and/or Dermoscopically Equivocal Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinomas and Nodular Melanomas. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121761. [PMID: 36556965 PMCID: PMC9786710 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of skin malignancies. Besides many progresses, heavily pigmented and amelanotic skin tumors remain still a challenge. We aimed to investigate by dermoscopy if distinctive morphologic characteristics of vessels may help the diagnosis of equivocal nodular lesions. Materials and Methods: A collage of 16 challenging clinical and dermoscopic images of 8 amelanotic and 8 heavily pigmented nodular melanomas and basal cell carcinomas was sent via e-mail to 8 expert dermoscopists. Results: Dermoscopy improved diagnostic accuracy in 40 cases. Vessels were considered the best clue in 71 cases. Focusing on the diameter of vessels improved diagnosis in 5 cases. Conclusions: vascular diameter in addition to morphology and arrangement may be a useful dermoscopic clue for the differential diagnosis of clinically equivocal nodular malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Conforti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andreas Blum
- Hautarzt-und Lehrpraxis Konstanz, Augustinerplatz 7, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marija Buljan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof
- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cliff Rosendahl
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Roberta Vezzoni
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
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Attention Cost-Sensitive Deep Learning-Based Approach for Skin Cancer Detection and Classification. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235872. [PMID: 36497355 PMCID: PMC9735681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning-based models have been employed for the detection and classification of skin diseases through medical imaging. However, deep learning-based models are not effective for rare skin disease detection and classification. This is mainly due to the reason that rare skin disease has very a smaller number of data samples. Thus, the dataset will be highly imbalanced, and due to the bias in learning, most of the models give better performances. The deep learning models are not effective in detecting the affected tiny portions of skin disease in the overall regions of the image. This paper presents an attention-cost-sensitive deep learning-based feature fusion ensemble meta-classifier approach for skin cancer detection and classification. Cost weights are included in the deep learning models to handle the data imbalance during training. To effectively learn the optimal features from the affected tiny portions of skin image samples, attention is integrated into the deep learning models. The features from the finetuned models are extracted and the dimensionality of the features was further reduced by using a kernel-based principal component (KPCA) analysis. The reduced features of the deep learning-based finetuned models are fused and passed into ensemble meta-classifiers for skin disease detection and classification. The ensemble meta-classifier is a two-stage model. The first stage performs the prediction of skin disease and the second stage performs the classification by considering the prediction of the first stage as features. Detailed analysis of the proposed approach is demonstrated for both skin disease detection and skin disease classification. The proposed approach demonstrated an accuracy of 99% on skin disease detection and 99% on skin disease classification. In all the experimental settings, the proposed approach outperformed the existing methods and demonstrated a performance improvement of 4% accuracy for skin disease detection and 9% accuracy for skin disease classification. The proposed approach can be used as a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool for the early diagnosis of skin cancer detection and classification in healthcare and medical environments. The tool can accurately detect skin diseases and classify the skin disease into their skin disease family.
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20
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Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Clearance after Medical Treatment Detected with Noninvasive Skin Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122836. [PMID: 35740502 PMCID: PMC9221328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) represent about one-third of all malignancies. While surgery is the current gold standard treatment, many nonsurgical approaches are available for selected cases. Currently, there are no studies concerning the overall impact of dermoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for NMSC treatment monitoring. Therefore, we aim to review the current literature and provide an updated summary of noninvasive skin imaging in NMSC medical treatment management and the diagnostic accuracy of the most advanced technologies. Abstract Background/Objectives: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treated with nonsurgical therapies can be monitored with noninvasive skin imaging. The precision of dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting clearance is unclear. We aim to report the proportion of persisting tumors identified with noninvasive technologies available in the literature. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the PubMed and Cochrane Public Library Databases for articles published prior to November 2021. Statistical analyses were conducted with MedCalc 14.8.1 software. Results: A total of eight studies (352 lesions) reporting noninvasive imaging for NMSC clearance following nonsurgical treatment were included. Most (n = 7) reported basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and one study reported squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) clearance. A meta-analysis of the BCC clearance revealed that the summary effect for RCM was higher, as compared to the other techniques. Interestingly, the sensitivity and specificity for OCT were 86.4% (95% CI: 65.1–97.1) and 100% (95% CI: 94.8–100.0), respectively, whilst, for RCM, they reached 100% (95%CI: 86.8–100) and 72.5% (95% CI: 64.4–79.7), respectively. Conclusions: Routine clinical examination and dermoscopy underperform when employed for NMSC clearance monitoring, although they represent the first approach to the patient. OCT and RCM seem to improve the detection of persistent BCC after medical treatment.
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Guo X, Wang Y, Yao Y, Bao X, Duan L, Zhu H, Xing B, Liu J. Sub-macroscopic skin presentation of acromegaly and effect of pituitary tumor surgery: A study using dermatoscopy and ultra-high-frequency ultrasound. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1093942. [PMID: 36818464 PMCID: PMC9933496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1093942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 contribute to cutaneous changes in acromegaly. We investigated the sub-macroscopic skin manifestation of acromegaly patients and explored its reversibility upon hormone reduction after pituitary adenoma surgery. DESIGN Prospectively cohort study. METHODS We enrolled 26 patients with acromegaly and 26 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas undergoing pituitary adenomectomy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2021 to March 2022. Skin presentations were evaluated by dermatoscopy and ultra-high-frequency ultrasound before and after surgery. RESULTS Skin thickening, follicular plugs, perifollicular pigmentations, perifollicular orange haloes, red structureless areas, increased hair shafts, honeycomb-like pigmentations, widened dermatoglyphics, dilated appendage openings, excessive seborrhea, hyperhidrosis, enlarged pores, and acne-like lesions were commonly occurring in acromegaly patients, and their incidences were higher than the controls (P<0.05). At 3-month follow-up after surgery, the thickness of skin reduced (4.0 ± 0.4 to 3.7 ± 0.4, P=0.007), the incidences of hyperhidrosis (92.3% to 69.2%, P=0.035) and acne-like lesions (53.8% to 26.9%, P=0.048) declined, and the severity of multiple cutaneous lesions improved. Patients with surgical endocrine remission (53.8%) had greater declines in the thickness of skin than those without remission. Patients with improvement of >1 skin lesions were younger (P=0.028) and had higher baseline GH levels (P=0.021) than those with improvement of ≤1 skin lesion. CONCLUSIONS Dermatoscopy and ultra-high-frequency ultrasound provided augmented visual examination of the cutaneous changes in acromegaly. Some of the skin lesions could improve or reverse after pituitary surgery. Baseline GH levels, age, and endocrine remission were correlated with skin improvement at 3-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Surgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Surgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Surgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Surgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Xing, ; Jie Liu,
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Xing, ; Jie Liu,
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22
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Thakurani S, Gupta S, Mohammad A, Escandón JM. Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Study of Causative Factors and Site-based Algorithm for Surgical Reconstruction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2022; 15:275-283. [PMID: 36561410 PMCID: PMC9764948 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_113_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can be categorized as one of the commonly occurring skin malignancies in the world, with several variations in treatment protocols. Sun exposure has been attributed to its causality; however, other factors such as gender, age, and occupation also affect its incidence. We aimed to characterize the patient population who underwent surgical management for facial BCC at a tertiary referral hospital. Further, we have described an algorithm that may aid in surgical decision-making based on the location of the lesions on the face. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented with a facial BCC to our institution between 2018 and 2019. Data regarding patients' demographic characteristics, skin phototype, average sun exposure, occupation, residence place (rural or urban), and surgical outcomes were recorded. Results Sixty-eight patients underwent reconstructive procedures after oncologic resection of facial BCC: 41.2% were males and 58.8% were females. Forty-eight (70.6%) patients were from rural areas, and 20 patients (29.4%) from urban areas (P < 0.001). Twenty-six patients reported >2 h of sunlight exposure, 16 reported <2 h of continuous sun exposure, and 26 reported intermittent sun exposure. A significantly higher proportion of patients with facial BCC presented with a Fitzpatrick skin type 4 in comparison to types 3 and 5 (P < 0.001). The most common reconstructive technique was the V-Y advancement flap (n=22, 32.4%), followed by the forehead flap (n=12, 17.6%) and the Limberg flap (n=12, 17.6%). All the flaps were healthy post-operatively and none of them suffered from flap failure, infection, or suture line dehiscence. There was no recurrence at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion This study gives a correlation between incidence of BCC and age, gender, and sun exposure in Indian population. In our experience, local flaps yield outstanding results and are the first choice for reconstruction of the face when composite defects are not present. Our algorithm aids in surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Thakurani
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Burns Surgery, SMS Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Samarth Gupta
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Burns Surgery, SMS Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Samarth Gupta, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail:
| | - Arbab Mohammad
- Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph M Escandón
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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23
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Álvarez-Salafranca M, Gómez-Martín I, Bañuls J, Serrano P, Medina C, Llambrich A, Pizarro Á, Ara M, Zaballos P. Dermoscopy of inflamed seborrheic keratosis: A great mimic of malignancy. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:53-61. [PMID: 34958128 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and dermoscopic recognition of seborrheic keratoses (SKs) is often straightforward, and biopsy might not be required. However, inflamed SKs (iSKs) can pose a diagnostic challenge. Dermoscopic features of iSKs have not yet been evaluated to date. OBJECTIVES To assess the diagnostic ability of a group of dermatologists to diagnose iSKs by dermoscopy. To evaluate the dermoscopic findings of a long series of inflamed seborrheic keratoses. METHODS Clinical and dermoscopic images of 100 difficult-to-diagnose skin tumours, including 29 iSKs, were presented to 33 clinicians (24 dermatologists and 9 dermatology residents), who were blinded to the diagnosis. The dermoscopic features of a series of 219 iSKs were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS iSKs were correctly identified in a 37.6% of cases. Classic dermoscopic criteria were present in only 47% of iSKs. The most frequent dermoscopic feature in iSKs was the presence of vascularization (91.3%), but only a 44.5% showed predominance of hairpin vessels. A bluish hue was observed in 18.3% of lesions. Seven dermoscopic patterns were identified, based on the dermoscopic similarity to other tumours: seborrheic keratosis-like (28.8%); squamous cell carcinoma-like (25.6%); melanoma-like (17.8%); keratoacanthoma-like (6.8%); basal cell carcinoma-like (5.9%); verruca vulgaris-like (5.9%); nevus-like (2.3%). CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of iSKs can be challenging even with dermoscopy. They may behave as authentic mimics of other cutaneous tumours, including squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma. For this reason, histopathological examination should be mandatory in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Bañuls
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Patricia Serrano
- Department of Dermatology, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria 'Doctor Negrín', Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alex Llambrich
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ángel Pizarro
- Department of Dermatology, Clínica Dermatológica Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ara
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Zaballos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Sant Pau i Santa Tecla, Tarragona, Spain
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24
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The “Virtual Biopsy” of Cancerous Lesions in 3D: Non-Invasive Differentiation between Melanoma and Other Lesions Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:539-551. [PMID: 34940035 PMCID: PMC8700642 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of skin cancer is of critical importance to provide five year survival rates that approach 99%. By 2050, one out of five Americans by age 70 will develop some form of skin cancer. This will result in a projected rate of 50 million skin biopsies per year given the current rate of escalation. In addition, the ability to differentiate between pigmented lesions and melanomas has proven a diagnostic challenge. While dermoscopy and visual analysis are useful in identifying many skin lesions, additional non-invasive techniques are needed to assist in the analysis of difficult to diagnose skin tumors. To augment dermoscopy data, we have developed 3D maps based on physical biomarker characteristics of benign and cancerous lesions using vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT). 3D images based on quantitative physical data involving changes in cellular and fibrous tissue stiffness along with changes in vascular quality are used to map and evaluate different types of cancers. 3D tumor maps constructed using quantitative VOCT data and OCT images have been used to characterize the differences between melanoma and other lesions. These characteristics can be used to plan the excision of difficult lesions where extensive surgery may be needed to remove the entire tumor in one step. In addition, it is now possible to use dermoscopy and VOCT to non-invasively differentiate between different cancerous lesion types using measurements of the resonant frequency of new cellular and vascular peaks. Quantitative VOCT information along with dermoscopic findings can be collected and analyzed remotely using artificial intelligence to improve cancerous tissue diagnosis.
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25
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Silver FH, Kelkar N, Deshmukh T, Ritter K, Ryan N, Nadiminti H. Characterization of the Biomechanical Properties of Skin Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography: Do Changes in the Biomechanical Properties of Skin Stroma Reflect Structural Changes in the Extracellular Matrix of Cancerous Lesions? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1712. [PMID: 34827711 PMCID: PMC8615800 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of skin cancer is of critical importance since the five-year survival rate for early detected skin malignancies is 99% but drops to 27% for cancer that has spread to distant lymph nodes and other organs. Over 2.5 million benign skin biopsies (55% of the total) are performed each year in the US at an alarming cost of USD ~2.5 B. Therefore there is an unmet need for novel non-invasive diagnostic approaches to better differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous lesions, especially in cases when there is a legitimate doubt that a biopsy may be required. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the differences in the extracellular matrices among normal skin, actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be assessed non-invasively using vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT). VOCT is a new diagnostic technology that uses infrared light and audible sound applied transversely to tissue to measure the resonant frequencies and elastic moduli of cells, dermal collagen, blood vessels and fibrous tissue in skin and lesion stroma without physically touching the skin. Our results indicate that the cellular, vascular and fibrotic resonant frequency peaks are altered in AK, BCC and SCC compared to those peaks observed in normal skin and can serve as physical biomarkers defining the differences between benign and cancerous skin lesions. The resonant frequency is increased from a value of 50 Hz in normal skin to a value of about 80 Hz in pre- and cancerous lesions. A new vascular peak is seen at 130 Hz in cancerous lesions that may reflect the formation of new tumor blood vessels. The peak at 260 Hz is similar to that seen in the skin of a subject with Scleroderma and skin wounds that have healed. The peak at 260 Hz appears to be associated with the deposition of large amounts of stiff fibrous collagen in the stroma surrounding cancerous lesions. Based on the results of this pilot study, VOCT can be used to non-invasively identify physical biomarkers that can help differentiate between benign and cancerous skin lesions. The appearance of new stiff cellular, fragile new vessels, and stiff fibrous material based on resonant frequency peaks and changes in the extracellular matrix can be used as a fingerprint of pre- and cancerous skin lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Keratosis, Actinic/diagnostic imaging
- Keratosis, Actinic/pathology
- Keratosis, Actinic/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Skin/diagnostic imaging
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Aged
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Vibration
- Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick H. Silver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- OptoVibronex, LLC., Allentown, PA 18104, USA; (N.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Nikita Kelkar
- OptoVibronex, LLC., Allentown, PA 18104, USA; (N.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tanmay Deshmukh
- OptoVibronex, LLC., Allentown, PA 18104, USA; (N.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Kelly Ritter
- Dermatology, Summit Health, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922, USA; (K.R.); (N.R.); (H.N.)
| | - Nicole Ryan
- Dermatology, Summit Health, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922, USA; (K.R.); (N.R.); (H.N.)
| | - Hari Nadiminti
- Dermatology, Summit Health, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922, USA; (K.R.); (N.R.); (H.N.)
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26
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Supekar BB, Tomar SS, Wankhade VH, Bhushan R, Singh RP, Bhat DM. Clinical Spectrum of Cutaneous Malignancies in Central India: A Retrospective Study. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:284-290. [PMID: 34446952 PMCID: PMC8375545 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_543_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous malignancies account for 1%–2% of all the diagnosed cancers in India. Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) include basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Others include melanoma, cutaneous lymphomas, and sarcomas. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is the most important risk factor associated with skin malignancies, although various other factors are also implicated. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this work were to study clinical spectrum with age and sex distribution of cutaneous malignancies and metastasis; to study clinicopathological variants of each type of cutaneous malignancies; and to study the risk factors associated with cutaneous malignancies. Patients and Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of clinically and biopsy proven cases of cutaneous malignancies from January 1, 2016 to January 31, 2018. Medical records of patients were assessed with respect to demographic information, clinical examination, dermoscopy, and histopathology. Statistical analysis was done using mean, proportion, and percentage. Results: Sixty-six cases with cutaneous malignancies were recruited. There was female preponderance. The most common age group affected was 60–70 years. BCC was the most common malignancy (41%) followed by SCC (30%), malignant melanoma (9%), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (1.5%). Head and neck was the most common site involved. The most common clinical type of both BCC and SCC was the nodular type. Acral lentiginous was the most frequent subtype of melanoma reported. The most common predisposing for NMSCs was prolonged sun exposure (46%). Conclusion: This study highlights an increasing trend of NMSCs with female preponderance. Head and neck is the most common site involved. Increased risk of NMSCs is seen with increased sun exposure and predisposed genetic conditions. T-cell lymphoma was common than B-cell type. The most common internal malignancy to cause cutaneous metastasis was breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suyash Singh Tomar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishali H Wankhade
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Pratap Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Sun MD, Halpern AC. Advances in the Etiology, Detection, and Clinical Management of Seborrheic Keratoses. Dermatology 2021; 238:205-217. [PMID: 34311463 DOI: 10.1159/000517070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are ubiquitous, generally benign skin tumors that exhibit high clinical variability. While age is a known risk factor, the precise roles of UV exposure and immune abnormalities are currently unclear. The underlying mechanisms of this benign disorder are paradoxically driven by oncogenic mutations and may have profound implications for our understanding of the malignant state. Advances in molecular pathogenesis suggest that inhibition of Akt and APP, as well as existing treatments for skin cancer, may have therapeutic potential in SK. Dermoscopic criteria have also become increasingly important to the accurate detection of SK, and other noninvasive diagnostic methods, such as reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, are rapidly developing. Given their ability to mimic malignant tumors, SK cases are often used to train artificial intelligence-based algorithms in the computerized detection of skin disease. These technologies are becoming increasingly accurate and have the potential to significantly augment clinical practice. Current treatment options for SK cause discomfort and can lead to adverse post-treatment effects, especially in skin of color. In light of the discontinuation of ESKATA in late 2019, promising alternatives, such as nitric-zinc and trichloroacetic acid topicals, should be further developed. There is also a need for larger, head-to-head trials of emerging laser therapies to ensure that future treatment standards address diverse patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA,
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New York, USA
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28
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Chuh A, Zawar V, Fölster-Holst R, Sciallis G, Rosemann T. Twenty-five practical recommendations in primary care dermoscopy. J Prim Health Care 2021; 12:10-20. [PMID: 32223845 DOI: 10.1071/hc19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermoscopy in primary care enhances clinical diagnoses and allows for risk stratifications. We have compiled 25 recommendations from our experience of dermoscopy in a wide range of clinical settings. The aim of this study is to enhance the application of dermoscopy by primary care clinicians. For primary care physicians commencing dermoscopy, we recommend understanding the aims of dermoscopy, having adequate training, purchasing dermoscopes with polarised and unpolarised views, performing regular maintenance on the equipment, seeking consent, applying contact and close non-contact dermoscopy, maintaining sterility, knowing one algorithm well and learning the rules for special regions such as the face, acral regions and nails. For clinicians already applying dermoscopy, we recommend establishing a platform for storing and retrieving clinical and dermoscopic images; shooting as uncompressed files; applying high magnifications and in-camera improvisations; explaining dermoscopic images to patients and their families; applying toggling; applying scopes with small probes for obscured lesions and lesions in body creases; applying far, non-contact dermoscopy; performing skin manipulations before and during dermoscopy; practising selective dermoscopy if experienced enough; and being aware of compound lesions. For clinicians in academic practice for whom dermatology and dermoscopy are special interests, we recommend acquiring the best hardware available with separate setups for clinical photography and dermoscopy; obtaining oral or written consent from patients for taking and publishing recognisable images; applying extremely high magnifications in search of novel dermoscopic features that are clinically important; applying dermoscopy immediately after local anaesthesia; and further augmenting images to incorporate messages beyond words to readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chuh
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong and Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong; and The Hong Kong Society of Primary Care Dermoscopy, Hong Kong; and Corresponding author.
| | - Vijay Zawar
- The Hong Kong Society of Primary Care Dermoscopy, Hong Kong; and Department of Dermatology, Godavari Foundation Medical College and Research Center, Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, India
| | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- The Hong Kong Society of Primary Care Dermoscopy, Hong Kong; and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Germany
| | - Gabriel Sciallis
- The Hong Kong Society of Primary Care Dermoscopy, Hong Kong; and Emeritus, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Medical School, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- The Hong Kong Society of Primary Care Dermoscopy, Hong Kong; and Institute of Primary Care, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Jitian Mihulecea CR, Frățilă S, Rotaru M. Clinical-dermoscopic similarities between atypical nevi and early stage melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:854. [PMID: 34178127 PMCID: PMC8220634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical (Clark) nevi are benign tumors that may be considered precursors of melanoma. Many studies acknowledge a linear progression from typical to atypical nevi that eventually transform into melanoma. It is often challenging to differentiate a Clark nevus from melanoma, especially in its early stages, due to their clinical, dermoscopic, and histological resemblance. Dermoscopy is a powerful tool in early melanoma diagnosis, but it is a subjective method of examination. Therefore, the use of dermoscopic algorithms and checklists can overcome this issue. In the case of a difficult diagnosis, since both dermoscopy and histopathological exam are subjective methods of examination, modern molecular biology techniques can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. This study aimed to test the accuracy of specific clinical and dermoscopic criteria in order to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, with a secondary objective to provide an overview of the clinical and dermoscopic features of atypical nevi and melanoma. In the present study, dermoscopic algorithms did not necessarily help distinguish benign and malignant tumors but demonstrated that nevi and melanoma have similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Raluca Jitian Mihulecea
- Dermatology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania.,Doctoral Studies, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Simona Frățilă
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.,Dermatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Rotaru
- Dermatology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania.,Doctoral Studies, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.,Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 'Lucian Blaga' University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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30
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Demirdag HG, Tugrul B. Evaluation of relationship between antihypertensive drug usage and dermatoscopic features in patients with keratinizing skin cancer. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14957. [PMID: 33843141 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratinizing skin cancers including actinic keratoses (AK), in situ squamous cell carcinoma/Bowen's disease/intraepidermal carcinoma (IEC), invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and keratoacanthoma share similar dermatoscopic features and also reveal different patterns that assist in their diagnosis. Recently epidemiological studies reveal the association between antihypertensive drugs and skin cancer risk, especially cSCC. This study aims to determine the dermatoscopic features of keratinizing skin cancer in patients using antihypertensive drug and compare with non-users. A total of 46 patients with 64 keratinizing skin cancer lesions were included in the study. The demographic, clinical characteristic of patients, the number, duration, localization and dermatoscopic features from each lesion were collected. First, we evaluated the dermatoscopic features according to the histopathologic diagnosis. Then, all patients were divided into two groups as users of antihypertensive drugs and non-users. The dermatoscopic features were compared in terms of antihypertensive drug usage and histopathologic diagnosis in antihypertensive drug users and non-users, separately. The users of anti-hypertensive drugs were 22 (47,8%) and non-users 24 (52,2%). Of the total 64 lesions including 47 AK, 5 IEC, 10 cSCC, and 2 keratoacanthoma were evaluated. White structureless area was found statistically significant in cSCC lesions of patients using antihypertensive drugs (P = .004). This finding in cSCC may be a clue for antihypertensive drug usage and these drugs may be a predisposan factor for dermal fibrosis. Regardless of histopathology, dermatoscopic features show no statistically difference between antihypertensive drug users and non-users (P > .05). Clearer results can be obtained by conducting more detailed and long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcu Tugrul
- Department of Dermatology, Health Science University, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Ezenwa E, Stein JA, Krueger L. Dermoscopic features of neoplasms in skin of color: A review. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:145-151. [PMID: 33937480 PMCID: PMC8072485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermoscopy is undoubtedly a useful tool to improve diagnostic accuracy and minimize the number of unnecessary biopsies. However, much of the literature on dermoscopy focuses on findings in lighter-skin phototypes, leaving potential gaps of knowledge regarding its use in skin of color (SoC). As the clinical applications of dermoscopy continue to increase, understanding dermoscopic patterns in SoC is imperative. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the literature on dermoscopic findings of neoplasms in SoC, highlighting unique and characteristic dermoscopic features. METHODS A literature review was performed using the PubMed database. Case reports, case series, case-control studies, and systematic reviews were included. RESULTS A total of 8326 studies were identified based on the selected search terms, and 41 were included in this review based on relevance. CONCLUSION There are specific dermoscopic characteristics in SoC for benign nevi, acral lentiginous melanoma, ethnic melanonychia, and dermatofibroma; however, there is a lack of published data about specific features of cutaneous melanoma, subungual melanoma, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, and pigmented squamous cell carcinoma in SoC. Because pigmented basal cell carcinoma, pigmented squamous cell carcinoma, ethnic melanonychia, and acral lentiginous melanoma are diagnosed at later stages in this population, it is important to understand their dermoscopic features. Further descriptive studies are needed to better characterize unique dermoscopic features in neoplasms in SoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekene Ezenwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Stein
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Loren Krueger
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of dermatology, 1525 clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Tang K, Fang R, Wang Y, Sun Q. Research Interest and Public Interest in Melanoma: A Bibliometric and Google Trends Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629687. [PMID: 33680968 PMCID: PMC7930473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma is a severe skin cancer that metastasizes quickly. Bibliometric analysis can quantify hotspots of research interest. Google Trends can provide information to address public concerns. METHODS The top 15 most frequently cited articles on melanoma each year from 2015 to 2019, according to annual citations, were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Original articles, reviews, and research letters were included in this research. For the Google Trends analysis, the topic "Melanoma" was selected as the keyword. Online search data from 2004 to 2019 were collected. Four countries (New Zealand, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom) were selected for seasonal analysis. Annual trends in relative search volume and seasonal variation were analyzed, and the top related topics and rising related topics were also selected and analyzed. RESULTS The top 15 most frequently cited articles each year were all original articles that focused on immunotherapy (n=8), omics (n=5), and the microbiome (n=2). The average relative search volume remained relatively stable across the years. The seasonal variation analysis revealed that the peak appeared in summer, and the valley appeared in winter. The diseases associated with or manifestations of melanoma, treatment options, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and prognosis were the topics in which the public was most interested. Most of the topics revealed by bibliometric and Google Trends analyses were consistent, with the exception of issues related to the molecular biology of melanoma. CONCLUSION This study revealed the trends in research interest and public interest in melanoma, which may pave the way for further research.
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Huang Y, Yang J, Bi M, Liu Z. A case of micro-melanoma and its dermoscopic features. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:71-75. [PMID: 33580922 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_183_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingye Bi
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Elagin V, Gubarkova E, Garanina O, Davydova D, Orlinskaya N, Matveev L, Klemenova I, Shlivko I, Shirmanova M, Zagaynova E. In vivo multimodal optical imaging of dermoscopic equivocal melanocytic skin lesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1405. [PMID: 33446823 PMCID: PMC7809210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide range of equivocal melanocytic lesions that can be clinically and dermoscopically indistinguishable from early melanoma. In the present work, we assessed the possibilities of combined using of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and optical coherence angiography (OCA) for differential diagnosis of the equivocal melanocytic lesions. Clinical and dermoscopic examinations of 60 melanocytic lesions revealed 10 benign lesions and 32 melanomas, while 18 lesions remained difficult to diagnose. Histopathological analysis of these lesions revealed 4 intradermal, 3 compound and 3 junctional nevi in the "benign" group, 7 superficial spreading, 14 lentigo maligna and 11 nodular melanomas in the "melanoma" group and 2 lentigo simplex, 4 dysplastic nevi, 6 melanomas in situ, 4 invasive lentigo melanomas and 2 invasive superficial spreading melanomas in the "equivocal" group. On the basis of MPM, a multiphoton microscopy score (MPMS) has been developed for quantitative assessment of melanoma features at the cellular level, that showed lower score for benign lesions compare with malignant ones. OCA revealed that the invasive melanoma has a higher vessel density and thicker blood vessels than melanoma in situ and benign lesions. Discriminant functions analysis of MPM and OCA data allowed to differentiate correctly between all equivocal melanocytic lesions. Therefore, we demonstrate, for the first time, that a combined use of MPM and OCA has the potential to improve early diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Elagin
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950.
| | - E Gubarkova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - O Garanina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - D Davydova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Delovaya Street, 11/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603126
| | - N Orlinskaya
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - L Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov Street 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - I Klemenova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - I Shlivko
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - M Shirmanova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - E Zagaynova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Prospekt Gagarina (Gagarin Avenue) 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
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Fujimura T, Fujisawa Y, Otsuka A, Haass NK. Editorial: Recent Developments in Therapies and Diagnostic Tools for Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:613152. [PMID: 33282896 PMCID: PMC7689157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.613152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Dermatoscopic Features of Combined nevus – a Case Report. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/sjdv-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Combined nevi (CN), a rare nevus type represent a category of so-called compound tumors. Determined by the presence of two or more different nevus in one biopsy specimen, CN commonly show variable clinical and dermatoscopic features. Therefore, CN could be a diagnostic challenge. We present a 7-year-old Caucasian girl with a pigmented lesion on the arm of no specified duration. Clinical examination showed sharply demarcated pigmented papule. Dermatoscopy revealed a nonchaotic lesion with structureless well defined, minimally eccentric blue area, structureless brown area and brown clods in a symmetric fashion, no vessels and no other clues for melanoma. Histopathology showed a compound common melanocytic nevus, blue nevus in the centre of the lesion with no signs of atypia. Up to now, only 25 cases of CN with dermatoscopic description have been published, withno precise dermatoscopic features established yet. Therefore, studies with larger number of cases are needed for the final conclusions.
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Abstract
As a result of increasing melanoma incidence and challenges with clinical and histopathologic evaluation of pigmented lesions, noninvasive techniques to assist in the assessment of skin lesions are highly sought after. This review discusses the methods, benefits, and limitations of adhesive patch biopsy, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), multispectral imaging, high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the detection of skin cancer. Adhesive patch biopsy provides improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of melanoma without a trade-off of higher sensitivity for lower specificity seen in other diagnostic tools to aid in skin cancer detection, including EIS and multispectral imaging. EIS and multispectral imaging provide objective information based on computer-assisted diagnosis to assist in the decision to biopsy and/or excise an atypical melanocytic lesion. HFUS may be useful for the determination of skin tumor depth and identification of surgical borders, although further studies are necessary to determine its accuracy in the detection of skin cancer. OCT and RCM provide enhanced resolution of skin tissue and have been applied for improved accuracy in skin cancer diagnosis, as well as monitoring the response of nonsurgical treatments of skin cancers and the determination of tumor margins and recurrences. These novel approaches to skin cancer assessment offer opportunities to dermatologists, but are dependent on the individual dermatologist's comfort, knowledge, and desire to invest in training and implementation of noninvasive techniques. These noninvasive modalities may have a role in the complementary assessment of skin cancers, although histopathologic diagnosis remains the gold standard for the evaluation of skin cancer.
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Silver FH, Deshmukh T, Benedetto D, Kelkar N. Mechano-vibrational spectroscopy of skin: Are changes in collagen and vascular tissue components early signs of basal cell carcinoma formation? Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:227-233. [PMID: 32696597 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modulus and resonant frequency of cancer cells and extracellular matrix are increased in both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, and in addition, the collagen stiffness is increased. The organization of the extracellular matrix surrounding cancer cells is clearly different than the extracellular matrix that is seen in normal skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have used vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency and stiffness of collagen, vascular, and reorganized fibrous extracellular matrix components. Measurements of vessels and fibrotic collagen content made on basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are compared to similar measurements made on normal skin from different anatomical locations. RESULTS Lesions with basal cell carcinomas exhibit characteristic resonant frequencies and moduli of reorganized extracellular matrix characteristic of fibrotic tissue. Cancerous lesions are characterized by dermal collagen (100 Hz), vascular (150 Hz), and fibrotic peaks (200-230 Hz). The fibrotic peak is not found in areas of normal skin. CONCLUSIONS Based on this pilot study, it is hypothesized inflammation may promote precancerous lesion formation in the surrounding extracellular matrix. Measurement of the increases in vaculature and fibrotic content may be useful in early detection of BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick H Silver
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,OptoVibronex, LLC, Mount Bethel, PA, USA
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Errichetti E, Zalaudek I, Kittler H, Apalla Z, Argenziano G, Bakos R, Blum A, Braun RP, Ioannides D, Lacarrubba F, Lazaridou E, Longo C, Micali G, Moscarella E, Paoli J, Papageorgiou C, Russo T, Scope A, Stinco G, Thomas L, Toncic RJ, Tschandl P, Cabo H, Hallpern A, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Malvehy J, Marghoob A, Menzies S, Pellacani G, Puig S, Rabinovitz H, Rudnicka L, Vakirlis E, Soyer P, Stolz W, Tanaka M, Lallas A. Standardization of dermoscopic terminology and basic dermoscopic parameters to evaluate in general dermatology (non-neoplastic dermatoses): an expert consensus on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:454-467. [PMID: 31077336 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last few years, several articles on dermoscopy of non-neoplastic dermatoses have been published, yet there is poor consistency in the terminology among different studies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to standardize the dermoscopic terminology and identify basic parameters to evaluate in non-neoplastic dermatoses through an expert consensus. METHODS The modified Delphi method was followed, with two phases: (i) identification of a list of possible items based on a systematic literature review and (ii) selection of parameters by a panel of experts through a three-step iterative procedure (blinded e-mail interaction in rounds 1 and 3 and a face-to-face meeting in round 2). Initial panellists were recruited via e-mail from all over the world based on their expertise on dermoscopy of non-neoplastic dermatoses. RESULTS Twenty-four international experts took part in all rounds of the consensus and 13 further international participants were also involved in round 2. Five standardized basic parameters were identified: (i) vessels (including morphology and distribution); (ii) scales (including colour and distribution); (iii) follicular findings; (iv) 'other structures' (including colour and morphology); and (v) 'specific clues'. For each of them, possible variables were selected, with a total of 31 different subitems reaching agreement at the end of the consensus (all of the 29 proposed initially plus two more added in the course of the consensus procedure). CONCLUSIONS This expert consensus provides a set of standardized basic dermoscopic parameters to follow when evaluating inflammatory, infiltrative and infectious dermatoses. This tool, if adopted by clinicians and researchers in this field, is likely to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of existing and future research findings and uniformly expand the universal knowledge on dermoscopy in general dermatology. What's already known about this topic? Over the last few years, several papers have been published attempting to describe the dermoscopic features of non-neoplastic dermatoses, yet there is poor consistency in the terminology among different studies. What does this study add? The present expert consensus provides a set of standardized basic dermoscopic parameters to follow when evaluating inflammatory, infiltrative and infectious dermatoses. This consensus should enhance the reproducibility and comparability of existing and future research findings and uniformly expand the universal knowledge on dermoscopy in general dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Errichetti
- Institute of Dermatology, 'Santa Maria della Misericordia' University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - I Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Kittler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Z Apalla
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - R Bakos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto, Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Blum
- Public, Private and Teaching Practice of Dermatology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - R P Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Ioannides
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F Lacarrubba
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E Lazaridou
- Second Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica-Dermatologia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Micali
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E Moscarella
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - J Paoli
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Papageorgiou
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Russo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - A Scope
- Medical Screening Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Stinco
- Institute of Dermatology, 'Santa Maria della Misericordia' University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - L Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - R J Toncic
- Dermoscopy Unit, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Cabo
- Dermatology Institute of Medical Research, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Hallpern
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - J Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Marghoob
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, NY, U.S.A
| | - S Menzies
- Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney and Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - S Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Rabinovitz
- Skin and Cancer Associates, Plantation, FL, U.S.A
| | - L Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - W Stolz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology and Environmental Medicine Clinic Thalkirchen, Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Gülseren D, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. Evaluation of dermoscopic criteria for seborrheic keratosis on non-polarized versus polarized dermoscopy. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:801-804. [PMID: 31115096 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two dermoscopic methods, polarized dermoscopy (PD) and non-polarized dermoscopy (NPD), use different types of light sources. Here, we aimed to explore the differences between these two methods in the diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis (SK). MATERIALS AND METHODS The images of 121 cases of SK taken by a digital camera equipped with NPD and PD were evaluated against 14 dermoscopic criteria of SK. RESULTS The agreement levels between NPD and PD were fair to perfect against the dermoscopic criteria of SK. Perfect agreement was observed in fingerprint-like structures (κ = 0.812) and linear irregular vessels (κ = 0.807). Substantial agreement was determined in comedo-like openings (κ = 0.640), hairpin vessels (κ = 0.609), a moth-eaten border (κ = 0.642), sharp demarcation (κ = 0.637), network-like structures (κ = 0.662), and a mica-like pattern (κ = 0.639). Moderate agreement was found in milia-like cysts (κ = 0.550), fissures and ridges (κ = 0.554), dotted vessels (κ = 0.496), and color variability (κ = 0.438). Fair agreement was obtained only in comma vessels (κ = 0.340). CONCLUSION Based on our results, we cannot recommend an absolute dermoscopic method for the diagnosis of SK; rather, we suggest that the methods are complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Gülseren
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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