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The potency of lncRNA MALAT1/miR-155/CTLA4 axis in altering Th1/Th2 balance of asthma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221794. [PMID: 31909418 PMCID: PMC7024843 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study examined if the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/miR-155/CTLA-4 axis was involved in modifying Th1/Th2 balance, a critical indicator for asthma progression. Methods: Altogether 772 asthma patients and 441 healthy controls were recruited, and their blood samples were collected to determine expressional levels of MALAT1, miR-155, CTLA-4, T-bet, GATA3, Th1-type cytokines and Th2-type cytokines. The CD4+ T cells were administered with pcDNA3.1-MALAT1, si-MALAT1, miR-155 mimic and miR-155 inhibitor to assess their effects on cytokine release. The luciferase reporter gene assay was also adopted to evaluate the sponging relationships between MALAT1 and miR-155, as well as between miR-155 and CTLA-4. Results: Over-expressed MALAT1 and under-expressed miR-155 were more frequently detected among asthma patients who showed traits of reduced forced expiratory failure volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1% of predicted (P<0.05). Moreover, MALAT1 expression was negatively expressed with the Th1/Th2 and T-bet/GATA3 ratios, yet miR-155 expression displayed a positively correlation with the ratios (P<0.05). Additionally, the IFN-γ, IL-2 and T-bet levels were reduced under the influence of pcDNA3.1-MALAT1 and miR-155 inhibitor, while levels of IL-4, IL-10 and GATA3 were raised under identical settings (P<0.05). Furthermore, MALAT1 constrained expression of miR-155 within CD4+ T cells by sponging it, and CTLA-4 could interfere with the effects of MALAT1 and miR-155 on Th1/Th2 balance and T-bet/Gata3 ratio (P<0.05). Conclusion: MALAT1 sponging miR-155 was involved with regulation of Th1/Th2 balance within CD4+ T cells, which might aid to develop therapies for amelioration of asthmatic inflammation.
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Loo EXL, Liew TM, Yap GC, Wong LSY, Shek LPC, Goh A, Van Bever HPS, Teoh OH, Yap F, Tan KH, Thomas B, Ramamurthy MB, Goh DYT, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Lee BW, Tham EH. Trajectories of early-onset rhinitis in the Singapore GUSTO mother-offspring cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 51:419-429. [PMID: 33278848 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of childhood rhinitis is not well described. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify different rhinitis trajectories in early childhood and their predictors and allergic associations. METHODS Rhinitis symptoms were ascertained prospectively from birth until 6 years using standardized questionnaires in 772 participants. Rhinitis was defined as one or more episodes of sneezing, runny and/or blocked nose >2 weeks duration. Latent trajectories were identified using group-based modelling, and their predictive risk factors and allergic associations were examined. RESULTS Three rhinitis trajectory groups were identified: 7.6% (n = 59) were termed early transient rhinitis, 8.6% (n = 66) late transient rhinitis, and 6.6% (n = 51) persistent rhinitis. The remaining 77.2% (n = 596) were classified as non-rhinitis/reference group. Early transient rhinitis subjects were more likely of Indian ethnicity, had siblings, reported childcare attendance, early wheezing and eczema in the first 3 years of life. Late transient rhinitis was associated with antenatal exposure to smoking, higher maternal education levels, and wheezing at age 36-72 months. Persistent rhinitis was associated with male gender, paternal and maternal history of atopy, eczema, and house dust mite sensitization. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Risk factors for early transient rhinitis involve a combination of genetic and early environmental exposures, whereas late transient rhinitis may relate to maternal factors and early respiratory infections independent of atopy. In contrast, persistent rhinitis is strongly associated with atopic risk and likely represents the typical trajectory associated with allergic disorders. Allergic rhinitis symptoms may commence as early as the first year of life and may inform development of early interventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tau Ming Liew
- Department of Psychiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lydia Su Yin Wong
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P S Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Biju Thomas
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Babu Ramamurthy
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Yam Thiam Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Tan L, Ou J, Tao Z, Kong Y, Xu Y. Neonatal Immune State Is Influenced by Maternal Allergic Rhinitis and Associated With Regulatory T cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:133-141. [PMID: 28102058 PMCID: PMC5266115 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Maternal influences contribute to the origin of allergic diseases, but the mechanisms are not clear. The current literature prompted the role of epigenetics in the development of allergic diseases. We sought to investigate the roles of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) DNA methylation in the process of maternal transmission of allergic rhinitis (AR) susceptibility. Methods BALB/c female mice (AR mother) were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) 1 on day 1 and 7. Then they mated with normal male mice on day 8. From day 21 to 28, the female mice were intranasal challenged with Der p 1 continuously. The normal controls were given with normal saline in the same way. On postnatal day 3, Female mice and their offspring were sacrificed to detect their histopathology in nasal mucosae, cytokines in sera of mother and spleen homogenates of offspring, Treg cells count, Foxp3 mRNA expressions, and Foxp3 DNA methylation levels in spleens. Results Compared with the normal controls, neonatal offspring of Der p 1-stimulated female mice (AR offspring) showed the elevation of interleukin (IL)-4 (P<0.01) and IL-17 (P<0.01), the submission of IL-10 (P<0.01) in spleen homogenates. Further, Treg cells count in AR offspring decreased remarkably compared with the normal offspring (P<0.01). Though the difference of Foxp3 DNA methylation level between AR offspring and normal control offspring was not obvious, correlation analysis demonstrated that there was significantly positive correlation between Foxp3 DNA methylation level of mother and that of offspring (r=0.803, P<0.01). Conclusions Under the influence of Maternal AR, their neonatal offspring develop into T-helper type 2 (Th2) dominant immune state, which is closely associated with the recession of Treg cells. Foxp3 DNA methylation may be a mechanism responsible for that maternal effect but still need more studies to ensure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Yu JE, Miller RL. Got milk? Understanding the farm milk effect in allergy and asthma prevention. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1707-1708. [PMID: 27084404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce E Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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5
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von Hertzen L, Beutler B, Bienenstock J, Blaser M, Cani PD, Eriksson J, Färkkilä M, Haahtela T, Hanski I, Jenmalm MC, Kere J, Knip M, Kontula K, Koskenvuo M, Ling C, Mandrup-Poulsen T, von Mutius E, Mäkelä MJ, Paunio T, Pershagen G, Renz H, Rook G, Saarela M, Vaarala O, Veldhoen M, de Vos WM. Helsinki alert of biodiversity and health. Ann Med 2015; 47:218-25. [PMID: 25904094 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban living in built environments, combined with the use of processed water and food, may not provide the microbial stimulation necessary for a balanced development of immune function. Many chronic inflammatory disorders, including allergic, autoimmune, metabolic, and even some behavioural disorders, are linked to alteration in the human commensal microbiota. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with reduced exposure to a broad spectrum of environmental micro-organisms and surplus energy balance, both risk factors of chronic inflammatory disorders. According to the Biodiversity Hypothesis, an environment with diverse macrobiota and microbiota modifies and enriches the human microbiota, which in turn is crucial in the development and maintenance of appropriate immune function. These issues were discussed in the symposium 'Chronic Inflammation, Lifestyle and Environment', held in Helsinki, 20-22 August 2014, under the sponsorship of the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation. This paper briefly outlines the recent findings in the context of the environment, lifestyle, and health; discusses the forces that undermine immune tolerance in urban environments; and highlights the possibilities to restore broken immune tolerance among urban dwellers, summarizing the main messages in four statements and calling for actions to combat major public health threats.
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Maternal immune response to helminth infection during pregnancy determines offspring susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1271-1279.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Neonatal immunology: responses to pathogenic microorganisms and epigenetics reveal an "immunodiverse" developmental state. Immunol Res 2014; 57:246-57. [PMID: 24214026 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal animals have heightened susceptibility to infectious agents and are at increased risk for the development of allergic diseases, such as asthma. Experimental studies using animal models have been quite useful for beginning to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these sensitivities. In particular, results from murine neonatal models indicate that developmental regulation of multiple immune cell types contributes to the typically poor responses of neonates to pathogenic microorganisms. Surprisingly, however, animal studies have also revealed that responses at mucosal surfaces in early life may be protective against primary or secondary disease. Our understanding of the molecular events underlying these processes is less well developed. Emerging evidence indicates that the functional properties of neonatal immune cells and the subsequent maturation of the immune system in ontogeny may be regulated by epigenetic phenomena. Here, we review recent findings from our group and others describing cellular responses to infection and developmentally regulated epigenetic processes in the newborn.
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8
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Schwarzer M, Srutkova D, Schabussova I, Hudcovic T, Akgün J, Wiedermann U, Kozakova H. Neonatal colonization of germ-free mice with Bifidobacterium longum prevents allergic sensitization to major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Vaccine 2013; 31:5405-12. [PMID: 24055352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main goal in reversing the allergy epidemic is the development of effective prophylactic strategies. We investigated the prophylactic effect of neonatal mother-to-offspring mono-colonization with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 on subsequent allergic sensitization. Adult male and female germ-free (GF) mice were mono-colonized with B. longum, mated and their offspring, as well as age-matched GF controls, were sensitized with the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Furthermore, signaling pathways involved in the recognition of B. longum were investigated in vitro. Neonatal mono-colonization of GF mice with B. longum suppressed Bet v 1-specific IgE-dependent β-hexosaminidase release as well as levels of total IgE and allergen-specific IgG2a in serum compared to sensitized GF controls. Accordingly, Bet v 1-induced production of both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines in spleen cell cultures was significantly reduced in these mice. The general suppression of Bet v 1-specific immune responses in B. longum-colonized mice was associated with increased levels of regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in serum. In vitro, B. longum induced low maturation status of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and production of IL-10 in TLR2-, MyD88-, and MAPK-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that neonatal mono-colonization with B. longum reduces allergic sensitization, likely by activation of regulatory responses via TLR2, MyD88, and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, B. longum might be a promising candidate for perinatal intervention strategies against the onset of allergic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarzer
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
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9
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Lee HS, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernandez-Vargas H, Sly PD, Biessy C, Ramakrishnan U, Romieu I, Herceg Z. Modulation of DNA methylation states and infant immune system by dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy in an intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:480-7. [PMID: 23761484 PMCID: PMC3712555 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposures to tobacco smoke and some dietary factors have been identified to induce epigenetic changes in genes involved in allergy and asthma development. Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake during pregnancy could modulate key cytokines and T helper (Th) cell maturation; however, little is known about the mechanism by which ω-3 PUFA could have a beneficial effect in preventing inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE We sought to test whether prenatal dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states in the infant immune system. DESIGN This study was based on a randomized intervention trial conducted in Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a placebo from 18 to 22 wk of gestation to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states in Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T-relevant genes as well as LINE1 repetitive elements of cord blood mononuclear cells (n = 261). RESULTS No significant difference in promoter methylation levels was shown between ω-3 PUFA-supplemented and control groups for the genes analyzed; however, ω-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with changes in methylation levels in LINE1 repetitive elements (P = 0.03) in infants of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Furthermore, an association between the promoter methylation levels of IFNγ and IL13 was modulated by ω-3 PUFA supplementation (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that maternal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy may modulate global methylation levels and the Th1/Th2 balance in infants. Therefore, the epigenetic mechanisms could provide attractive targets for prenatal modulation and prevention of inflammatory disorders and potentially other related diseases in childhood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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10
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Maternal fecundity and asthma among offspring-is the risk programmed preconceptionally? Retrospective observational study. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:761-767.e1. [PMID: 23148921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between maternal fecundity factors and time to pregnancy and risk of asthma in offspring. DESIGN Retrospective observational hospital-based birth cohort study. SETTING A university-based obstetrics and gynecology department. PATIENT(S) A total of 40,914 women, who delivered between 1989 and 2007, were linked with the register for asthma reimbursement (n = 2,577) for their offspring. Fecundity factors were recorded during pregnancy. Logistic regression analyses were used. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Asthma among offspring. RESULT(S) The risk of asthma was significantly increased if the mother had any infertility problems (adjusted odds ratio [adjusted OR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.63), medical infertility treatment (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.80), or any infertility treatment (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.26-1.79). The risk of asthma among offspring was also higher among mothers who had more than two miscarriages (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51) and time to pregnancy over 3 months (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.45). CONCLUSION(S) These findings suggest that maternal subfertility exposes offspring to an increased risk of asthma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study is registered in Kuopio University Hospital register (TUTKI): ID 5302448.
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Silveyra P, Floros J. Air pollution and epigenetics: effects on SP-A and innate host defence in the lung. Swiss Med Wkly 2012; 142:w13579. [PMID: 22553125 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2012.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate immune and inflammatory response is key to defend against harmful agents present in the environment, such as pathogens, allergens and inhaled pollutants, including ozone and particulate matter. Air pollution is a serious public health concern worldwide, and cumulative evidence has revealed that air pollutants contribute to epigenetic variation in several genes, and this in turn can contribute to disease susceptibility. Several groups of experts have recently reviewed findings on epigenetics and air pollution [1-6]. Surfactant proteins play a central role in pulmonary host defence by mediating pathogen clearance, modulating allergic responses and facilitating the resolution of lung inflammation. Recent evidence indicates that surfactant proteins are subject to epigenetic regulation under hypoxia and other conditions. Oxidative stress caused by ozone, and exposure to particulate matter have been shown to affect the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A), an important lung host defence molecule, as well as alter its functions. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the fields of epigenetics and air pollution effects on innate immunity, with the focus on SP-A, and the human SP-A variants in particular. Their function may be differentially affected by pollutants and specifically by ozone-induced oxidative stress, and this in turn may differentially affect susceptibility to lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silveyra
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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12
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Renz H. Development and regulation of immune responses in pre- and postnatal life. Clin Biochem 2012; 44:495. [PMID: 22036343 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg GmbH, Germany.
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13
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Perinatal programming of asthma: the role of gut microbiota. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:932072. [PMID: 22110540 PMCID: PMC3216351 DOI: 10.1155/2012/932072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal programming, a dominant theory for the origins of cardiovascular disease, proposes that environmental stimuli influence developmental pathways during critical periods of prenatal and postnatal development, inducing permanent changes in metabolism. In this paper, we present evidence for the perinatal programming of asthma via the intestinal microbiome. While epigenetic mechanisms continue to provide new explanations for the programming hypothesis of asthma development, it is increasingly apparent that the intestinal microbiota plays an independent and potentially interactive role. Commensal gut bacteria are essential to immune system development, and exposures disrupting the infant gut microbiota have been linked to asthma. This paper summarizes the recent findings that implicate caesarean delivery, breastfeeding, perinatal stress, probiotics, and antibiotics as modifiers of infant gut microbiota in the development of asthma.
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14
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Roth M. Is there a regulatory role of immunoglobulins on tissue forming cells relevant in chronic inflammatory lung diseases? J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:721517. [PMID: 22121383 PMCID: PMC3216316 DOI: 10.1155/2011/721517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells together form and give structure to the airway wall. These three tissue forming cell types are structure giving elements and participate in the immune response to inhaled particles including allergens and dust. All three cell types actively contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tissue forming cells respond directly to allergens through activated immunoglobulins which then bind to their corresponding cell surface receptors. It was only recently reported that allergens and particles traffic through epithelial cells without modification and bind to the immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells. In consequence, these cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby extending the local inflammation. Furthermore, activation of the immunoglobulin receptors can induce proliferation and tissue remodeling of the tissue forming cells. New studies using anti-IgE antibody therapy indicate that the inhibition of immunoglobulins reduces the response of tissue forming cells. The unmeasured questions are: (i) why do tissue forming cells express immunoglobulin receptors and (ii) do tissue forming cells process immunoglobulin receptor bound particles? The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the expression and function of various immunoglobulin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Research and Pneumology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Abstract
Asthma and allergy are common conditions with complex etiologies involving both genetic and environmental contributions. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses of GWAS have begun to shed light on both common and distinct pathways that contribute to asthma and allergic diseases. Associations with variation in genes encoding the epithelial cell-derived cytokines, interleukin-33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and the IL1RL1 gene encoding the IL-33 receptor, ST2, highlight the central roles for innate immune response pathways that promote the activation and differentiation of T-helper 2 cells in the pathogenesis of both asthma and allergic diseases. In contrast, variation at the 17q21 asthma locus, encoding the ORMDL3 and GSDML genes, is specifically associated with risk for childhood onset asthma. These and other genetic findings are providing a list of well-validated asthma and allergy susceptibility genes that are expanding our understanding of the common and unique biological pathways that are dysregulated in these related conditions. Ongoing studies will continue to broaden our understanding of asthma and allergy and unravel the mechanisms for the development of these complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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16
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Renz H, Conrad M, Brand S, Teich R, Garn H, Pfefferle PI. Allergic diseases, gene-environment interactions. Allergy 2011; 66 Suppl 95:10-2. [PMID: 21668842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma develops in part from dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune functions, particularly an imbalance in the Th2-driven adaptive immune response. This dysregulation is the result of complex interactions between genes and environment. These interactions occur both pre- and postnatally, providing opportunities for early interventions in immunological programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.
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Leifer CA, Dietert RR. Early life environment and developmental immunotoxicity in inflammatory dysfunction and disease. TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 93:1463-1485. [PMID: 26146439 PMCID: PMC4486307 DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2011.586114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Components of the innate immune system such as macrophages and dendritic cells are instrumental in determining the fate of immune responses and are, also, among the most sensitive targets of early life environmental alterations including developmental immunotoxicity (DIT). DIT can impede innate immune cell maturation, disrupt tissue microenvironment, alter immune responses to infectious challenges, and disrupt regulatory responses. Dysregulation of inflammation, such as that observed with DIT, has been linked with an increased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases in both children and adults. In this review, we discuss the relationship between early-life risk factors for innate immune modulation and promotion of dysregulated inflammation associated with chronic inflammatory disease. The health risks from DIT-associated inflammation may extend beyond primary immune dysfunction to include an elevated risk of several later-life, inflammatory-mediated diseases that target a wide range of physiological systems and organs. For this reason, determination of innate immune status should be an integral part of drug and chemical safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rodney R. Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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