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Chen J, Wang Y, Chen C, Song X, Shen X, Cao D, Zhao Z. Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics reveal vascular protective effects of Ilex pubescens on thromboangiitis obliterans. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155720. [PMID: 38763010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn (IP), traditionally known for its properties of promoting blood circulation, swelling and pain relief, heat clearing, and detoxification, has been used in the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Despite its traditional applications, the specific mechanisms by which IP exerts its therapeutic effects on TAO remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms in the therapeutic effects of IP on TAO, employing network pharmacology and metabolomic approaches. METHODS In this study, a rat TAO model was established by injecting sodium laurate through the femoral artery, followed by the oral administration of IP for 7 days. Plasma coagulation parameters were measured to assess the therapeutic effects of IP. The potential influence on the femoral artery and gastrocnemius muscle was histopathologically evaluated. Network pharmacology was employed to predict relevant targets and model pathways for TAO. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used for the metabolic profile analysis of rat plasma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to verify the mechanisms by which IP promotes blood circulation in TAO. RESULTS The study revealed that IP improved blood biochemical function in TAO and played a significant role in vascular protection and maintaining normal blood vessels and gastrocnemius morphologies. Network pharmacology showed that IP compounds play a therapeutic role in modulating lipids and atherosclerosis. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the pathways involved in sphingolipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis were significantly disrupted. The joint analysis showed a strong correlation between lysophosphatidylcholine and IP components, including triterpenoid and iridoid components, which support the curative action of IP through the modulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, decreased expression levels of SPHK1/S1PR1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were observed in the IP-treated group, suggesting that IP exerts a protective effect on the vasculature primarily by regulating of the SPHK1/S1PR1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that IP protects the vasculature against injury and treats TAO by regulating the steady-state disturbance of the sphingolipid pathway. These findings suggest that IP promotes vasculature by modulating sphingolipid metabolism and SPHK1/S1PR1 signaling pathway and reduce levels of inflammatory factors, offering new insights into its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianshu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Cao
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kamińska A, Pardyak L, Lustofin S, Gielata K, Arent Z, Pietsch-Fulbiszewska A, Hejmej A. 9-cis-retinoic acid signaling in Sertoli cells regulates their immunomodulatory function to control lymphocyte physiology and Treg differentiation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:75. [PMID: 38926848 PMCID: PMC11202360 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testis is an immune privileged organ, which prevents the immune response against sperm antigens and inflammation. Testicular cells responsible for immune tolerance are mainly Sertoli cells, which form the blood-testis barrier and produce immunosuppressive factors. Sertoli cells prevent inflammation in the testis and maintain immune tolerance by inhibiting proliferation and inducing lymphocyte apoptosis. It has been shown that 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) blocks ex vivo apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and promotes the differentiation of Treg cells in the gut. However, the role of retinoid signaling in regulating the immune privilege of the testes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether 9cRA, acting via the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoic X receptors (RXR), controls the immunomodulatory functions of Sertoli cells by influencing the secretion of anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory factors, lymphocyte physiology and Treg cell differentiation. METHODS Experiments were performed using in vitro model of co-cultures of murine Sertoli cells and T lymphocytes. Agonists and antagonists of retinoic acid receptors were used to inhibit/stimulate retinoid signaling in Sertoli cells. RESULTS Our results have demonstrated that 9cRA inhibits the expression of immunosuppressive genes and enhances the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in Sertoli cells and lymphocytes, increases lymphocyte viability and decreases apoptosis rate. Moreover, we have found that 9cRA blocks lymphocyte apoptosis acting through both RAR and RXR and inhibiting FasL/Fas/Caspase 8 and Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase 9 pathways. Finally, we have shown that 9cRA signaling in Sertoli cells inhibits Treg differentiation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that retinoid signaling negatively regulates immunologically privileged functions of Sertoli cells, crucial for ensuring male fertility. 9cRA inhibits lymphocyte apoptosis, which can be related to the development of autoimmunity, inflammation, and, in consequence, infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Krakow, 30-248, Poland
| | - Sylwia Lustofin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Karolina Gielata
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Arent
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Krakow, 30-248, Poland
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | | | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
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Wiejak J, Murphy FA, Maffia P, Yarwood SJ. Vascular smooth muscle cells enhance immune/vascular interplay in a 3-cell model of vascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15889. [PMID: 37741880 PMCID: PMC10517978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular disease that is characterised by the development of atheroma, which are lipid-laden plaques that build up within arterial walls due to chronic inflammatory processes. These lesions are fundamentally attributed to a complex cellular crosstalk between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and central immune cells, such as macrophages (Mɸs), which promote vascular inflammation. The presence of VSMCs exerts both positive and negative effects during atheroma development, which can be attributed to their phenotypic plasticity. Understanding the interactions between these key cell types during the development of vascular inflammation and atheroma will enhance the scope for new therapeutic interventions. This study aims to determine the importance of VSMCs for shaping the extracellular cytokine/chemokine profile and transcriptional responses of VECs (human coronary artery endothelial cells; HCAECs) to activated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP1 Mɸs, in a 3-cell model of human vascular inflammation. It is evident that within the presence of VSMCs, enhanced cytokine production was associated with up-regulation of genes associated with vascular inflammation t. Results demonstrate that the presence of VSMCs in co-culture experiments enhanced cytokine production (including CXCL1/GROα, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2/MCP1) and inflammatory gene expression (including genes involved in JAK/STAT, Jun and NFκB signalling) in HCAECs co-cultured with LPS-stimulated THP1 Mɸs. Our results highlight the importance of VSMCs in immune/endothelial cell interplay and indicate that 3-cell, rather than 2-cell co-culture, may be more appropriate for the study of cellular crosstalk between immune and vascular compartments in response to inflammatory and atherogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Wiejak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Fiona A Murphy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Febuxostat Protects Human Aortic Valve Endothelial Cells From Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-Induced Injury and Monocyte Attachment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:861-868. [PMID: 35881896 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of AS is closely related to endothelial dysfunction, which is mainly induced by oxidative stress, inflammation, and enhanced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells on the vessel wall. Febuxostat is a novel antigout agent recently reported to exert protective effects on endothelial dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the protective capacity of febuxostat against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury and monocyte attachment to endothelial cells. Human aortic valve endothelial cells (HAVECs) were stimulated with ox-LDL in the presence or absence of febuxostat (5 and 10 μM) for 6 hours. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were measured using MitoSox red staining, and the level of protein carbonyl was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, tissue factor (TF), VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were evaluated with qRT-PCR assay and ELISA. Calcein-AM staining was used to determine the attachment of U937 monocytes to HAVECs. quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to measure the expression level of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in HAVECs. First, the elevated expression of LOX-1, activated oxidative stress, excessive secreted inflammatory factors, and promoted expression of TF induced by stimulation with ox-LDL were significantly reversed by febuxostat, indicating a protective effect of febuxostat against endothelial dysfunction. Second, the upregulated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, as well as the increased proportion of adhered monocytes to HAVECs induced by ox-LDL, were significantly alleviated by febuxostat. Finally, the promoted expression level of Egr-1 induced by ox-LDL was pronouncedly suppressed by febuxostat. We conclude that febuxostat protected HAVECs from ox-LDL-induced injury and monocyte attachment.
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Hu C, Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu M, Yang J, Huang F, Wang Y, Huang L. Curcumin analog C66 alleviates inflammatory colitis by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2167-2179. [PMID: 36261684 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. C66, a derivative of curcumin, reportedly exerts anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects by targeting the JNK pathway. However, the effect of C66 against IBD is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of C66 against IBD. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were treated with 2.5% DSS for 7 days, and then administered water for 3 days to develop the IBD mouse model. A mouse intestinal epithelial cell line, MODE-K, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as the in vitro model. The therapeutic effects of C66 were evaluated and the pharmacological mechanisms were explored. RESULTS Compared to the model group, C66 treatment significantly reduced colitis-associated damage, including a decrease in disease activity index (DAI), a higher body weight and longer colon. In addition, the infiltration of distal inflammatory cells, loss of crypt tissues, and destruction of epithelial cells were reduced in C66-treated group. In addition, C66 treatment reduced fibrotic areas and inflammatory responses in the colon tissues, leading to increased epithelial cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis in colon. Furthermore, C66 treatment decreased the levels of p-JNK and p-P65, indicating that C66 inhibits the activation of the JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by DSS in colon tissues. Finally, in vitro data show that C66 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in small intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: The curcumin analog C66 exhibits its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the DSS-induced activation of JNK/NF-κB signaling pathways. C66 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Hu
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Huang
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lijiang Huang
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen F, Li J, Zheng T, Chen T, Yuan Z. KLF7 Alleviates Atherosclerotic Lesions and Inhibits Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming in Macrophages by Regulating HDAC4/miR-148b-3p/NCOR1. Gerontology 2022; 68:1291-1310. [PMID: 35439761 DOI: 10.1159/000524029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis (AS) remains a major contributor to death worldwide. This study sought to explore the role of Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) in AS lesions via regulating glucose metabolic reprogramming (GMR) in macrophages. METHODS AS mouse and cell models were established via high-fat-diet feeding and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induction. KLF7, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), miR-148b-3p, and nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) expressions in aortic tissue and cells were detected via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. Parameters of AS lesions and mouse metabolism were detected via hematoxylin-eosin, oil red O, and Masson staining, assay kits, glucose tolerance test, and enzymatic analysis. Peritoneal macrophages of mice were isolated and cellular metabolism was detected via Seahorse metabolic flux analysis, assay kits, ELISA, and Western blotting. Bindings among KLF7, HDAC4, microRNA (miR)-148b-3p, and NCOR1 were testified via the dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS KLF7 was poorly expressed in AS mice and ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 cells. KLF7 overexpression attenuated AS lesions and rescued metabolic abnormities in AS mice, and reduced glucose intake and GMR in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanically, KLF7 bound to the HDAC4 promoter to activate HDAC4. HDAC4 reduced H3 and H4 acetylation levels in the miR-148b promoter to inhibit miR-148b-3p and promote NCOR1 transcription. HDAC4 downregulation abolished the protective role of KLF7 overexpression in AS mice and ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 cells via the miR-148b-3p/NCOR1 axis. CONCLUSION KLF7 bound to the HDAC4 promoter to activate HDAC4, inhibit miR-148b-3p via reducing acetylation level, and promote NCOR1 transcription, thereby limiting GMR in macrophages and alleviating AS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanli Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Silencing IL12p35 Promotes Angiotensin II-Mediated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm through Activating the STAT4 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9450843. [PMID: 34354545 PMCID: PMC8331298 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9450843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and the important causes of death among men over the age of 65 years. Interleukin-12p35 (IL12p35) is an inflammatory cytokine that participates in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of IL12p35 in the formation and development of AAA is still unknown. Experimental Approach. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice were generated and infused with 1.44 mg/kg angiotensin II (Ang II) per day. We found that IL12p35 expression was noticeably increased in the murine AAA aorta and isolated aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) after Ang II stimulation. IL12p35 silencing promoted Ang II-induced AAA formation and rupture in Apoe−/− mice. IL12p35 silencing markedly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in both the serum and AAA aorta. Additionally, IL12p35 silencing exacerbated SMC apoptosis in Apoe−/− mice after Ang II infusion. IL12p35 silencing significantly increased signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 phosphorylation levels in AAA mice, and STAT4 knockdown abolished the IL12p35-mediated proinflammatory response and SMC apoptosis. Interpretation. Silencing IL12p35 promotes AAA formation by activating the STAT4 pathway, and IL12p35 may serve as a novel and promising therapeutic target for AAA treatment.
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Ruiz-Limon P, Ladehesa-Pineda ML, Lopez-Medina C, Lopez-Pedrera C, Abalos-Aguilera MC, Barbarroja N, Arias-Quiros I, Perez-Sanchez C, Arias-de la Rosa I, Ortega-Castro R, Escudero-Contreras A, Collantes-Estevez E, Jimenez-Gomez Y. Potential Role and Impact of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061037. [PMID: 34199950 PMCID: PMC8226914 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is well known as a process that can lead to atherosclerosis and is frequently presented in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) patients. Here, we investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying r-axSpA-related ED, and analyzed the potential effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in promoting endothelial injury in r-axSpA. A total of 30 r-axSpA patients and 32 healthy donors (HDs) were evaluated. The endothelial function, inflammatory and atherogenic profile, and oxidative stress were quantified. In vitro studies were designed to evaluate the effect of PBMCs from r-axSpA patients on aberrant endothelial activation. Compared to HDs, our study found that, associated with ED and the plasma proatherogenic profile present in r-axSpA, PBMCs from these patients displayed a pro-oxidative, proinflammatory, and proatherogenic phenotype, with most molecular changes noticed in lymphocytes. Correlation studies revealed the relationship between this phenotype and the microvascular function. Additional in vitro studies confirmed that PBMCs from r-axSpA patients promoted endothelial injury. Altogether, this study suggests the relevance of r-axSpA itself as a strong and independent cardiovascular risk factor, contributing to a dysfunctional endothelium and atherogenic status by aberrant activation of PBMCs. Lymphocytes could be the main contributors in the development of ED and subsequent atherosclerosis in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Limon
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- UGC of Endocrinology and Nutrition, The Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-L.); (Y.J.-G.)
| | - Maria L. Ladehesa-Pineda
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Clementina Lopez-Medina
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chary Lopez-Pedrera
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria C. Abalos-Aguilera
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Arias-Quiros
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Perez-Sanchez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ivan Arias-de la Rosa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Ortega-Castro
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero-Contreras
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estevez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Jimenez-Gomez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.L.-P.); (C.L.-M.); (C.L.-P.); (M.C.A.-A.); (N.B.); (I.A.-Q.); (C.P.-S.); (I.A.-d.l.R.); (R.O.-C.); (A.E.-C.); (E.C.-E.)
- UGC Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-L.); (Y.J.-G.)
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Li M, Qi L, Li Y, Zhang S, Lin L, Zhou L, Han W, Qu X, Cai J, Ye M, Shi K. Association of Pericardiac Adipose Tissue With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:724859. [PMID: 34552562 PMCID: PMC8451419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.724859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a worldwide health threat. Compelling evidence shows that pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), a brown-like adipose adjacent to the external surface of the pericardium, is associated with CAD. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of PAT in CAD are elusive. This study aims to characterize human PAT and explore its association with CAD. METHODS We acquired samples of PAT from 31 elective cardiac surgery patients (17 CAD patients and 14 controls). The transcriptome characteristics were assessed in 5 CAD patients and 4 controls via RNA-sequencing. Cluster profile R package, String database, Cytoscape were applied to analyze the potential pathways and PPI-network key to DEGS, whereas the hubgenes were predicted via Metascape, Cytohubba, and MCODE. We use Cibersort, ENCORI, and DGIDB to predict immunoinfiltration, mRNA-miRNA target gene network, and search potential drugs targeting key DEGs. The predictable hubgenes and infiltrating inflammatory cells were validated in 22 patients (12 CAD samples and 10 control samples) through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 147 different genes (104 up-regulated genes and 43 down-regulated genes) were identified in CAD patients. These different genes were associated with immunity and inflammatory dysfunction. Cibersort analysis showed monocytes and macrophages were the most common subsets in immune cells, whereas immunohistochemical results revealed there were more macrophages and higher proportion of M1 subtype cells in PAT of CAD patients. The PPI network and module analysis uncovered several crucial genes, defined as candidate genes, including Jun, ATF3, CXCR4, FOSB, CCl4, which were validated through RT-qPCR. The miRNA-mRNA network implicated hsa-miR-185-5p as diagnostic targets and drug-gene network showed colchicine, fenofibrate as potential therapeutic drugs, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that PAT is mainly associated with the occurrence of CAD following the dysfunction of immune and inflammatory processes. The identified hubgenes, predicted drugs and miRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Computed Tomography, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanglei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
| | - Junfeng Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
| | - Maoqing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
| | - Kailei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kailei Shi, ; Maoqing Ye, ; Junfeng Cai, ; Xinkai Qu,
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Mokarizadeh N, Karimi P, Kazemzadeh H, Fathi Maroufi N, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Nikanfar S, Rashtchizadeh N. An evaluation on potential anti-inflammatory effects of β-lapachone. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Cai L, Zhang X, Hou M, Gao F. Natural flavone tricetin suppresses oxidized LDL-induced endothelial inflammation mediated by Egr-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106224. [PMID: 31991371 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as a crucial early event in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Tricetin is a natural flavonoid derivative that has demonstrated a wide range of therapeutic properties. This study investigates the protective effect of tricetin in cultured endothelial cells. The results of our study show that tricetin suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, our findings indicate that tricetin suppressed ox-LDL-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). At the cellular level, the presence of tricetin inhibited ox-LDL-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we showed that tricetin suppressed the induction of the endothelial receptor for ox-LDL, lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), and the transcriptional factor early growth response 1 (Egr-1) as well as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation. These data demonstrate that tricetin is a natural protective agent in vascular endothelial cells, indicating that tricetin could have a potentially beneficial effect in the modulation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, PR China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, PR China
| | - Meiling Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Hospital Office, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, PR China.
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Li S, Fang J, Chen L. Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Attenuates Cardiocyte Apoptosis and Ameliorates Heart Failure Following Coronary Microembolization in Rats. Balkan Med J 2019; 36:245-250. [PMID: 31140237 PMCID: PMC6636647 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-kB is highly activated in cardiovascular disorders. However, few articles have targeted at the role of nuclear factor-kB inhibitor in heart failure. Aims To evaluate the effects of nuclear factor-kB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on cardiocyte apoptosis and cardiac function in a rat heart failure model. Study Design Animal experiment. Methods A stable and reproducible rat heart failure model (n=64) was prepared by injecting homologous microthrombotic particles into the left ventricle of Sprague–Dawley rats while obstructing the ascending aorta to produce coronary microembolization. Rats with heart failure were randomized into untreated (HFu) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-treated (HFp) groups; the latter received an intraperitoneal injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (100 mg/kg/day) 1 h prior to surgery as well as on postoperative days 1-7. The sham group comprised 32 Sprague–Dawley rats. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 postoperatively. Masson’s trichrome staining was used to determine the micro-fibrotic area to indicate the severity of myocardial loss. Terminal transferase uridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining was used to detect apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography and hemodynamics were performed to evaluate left ventricular function. Results Rats with heart failure exhibited pathological changes evidenced by patchy myocardial fibrosis, remarkably elevated severity of myocardial loss, and persistently reduced left ventricular function. At the end of the study, compared with the HFu group, myocardial infarct size was reduced by 28% (p=0.001), cardiocyte apoptosis was suppressed (7.17%±1.47% vs 2.83%±0.75%, p<0.001), cardiac function parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (80%±4% vs 61%±6%), left ventricular + dP/dt max (4828±289 vs 2918±76 mmHg.s−1), left ventricular - dP/dt max (4398±269 vs 2481±365 mmHg.s−1), and left ventricular systolic pressure (126±13 vs 100±10 mmHg) were significantly increased, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was reduced (18±2 vs 13±1 mmHg) (p<0.001, for all) in the HFu group. Conclusion Our rat model can adequately mimic heart failure via coronary vessel embolization. Moreover, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate treatment can reduce cardiocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function, which may be beneficial for patients with heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Milic J, Tian Y, Bernhagen J. Role of the COP9 Signalosome (CSN) in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060217. [PMID: 31195722 PMCID: PMC6628250 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex, consisting of eight subunits termed CSN1-CSN8. The main biochemical function of the CSN is the control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome-system through regulation of cullin-RING E3-ligase (CRL) activity by deNEDDylation of cullins, but the CSN also serves as a docking platform for signaling proteins. The catalytic deNEDDylase (isopeptidase) activity of the complex is executed by CSN5, but only efficiently occurs in the three-dimensional architectural context of the complex. Due to its positioning in a central cellular pathway connected to cell responses such as cell-cycle, proliferation, and signaling, the CSN has been implicated in several human diseases, with most evidence available for a role in cancer. However, emerging evidence also suggests that the CSN is involved in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. This is both due to its role in controlling CRLs, regulating components of key inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and complex-independent interactions of subunits such as CSN5 with inflammatory proteins. In this case, we summarize and discuss studies suggesting that the CSN may have a key role in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. We discuss the implicated molecular mechanisms ranging from inflammatory NF-κB signaling to proteotoxicity and necrosis, covering disease-relevant cell types such as myeloid and endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes. While the CSN is considered to be disease-exacerbating in most cancer entities, the cardiovascular studies suggest potent protective activities in the vasculature and heart. The underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milic
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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McCurdy S, Liu CA, Yap J, Boisvert WA. Potential role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis. Cytokine 2017; 122:154169. [PMID: 28988706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-37 is a member of the IL-1 family, but unlike most other members of this family of cytokines, it has wide-ranging anti-inflammatory properties. Initially shown to bind IL-18 binding protein and prevent IL-18-mediated inflammation, its known role has been expanded to include distinct pathways, both intracellular involving the transcription factor Smad3, and extracellular via binding to the orphan receptor IL-1R8. A number of recent publications investigating the role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease have revealed promising therapeutic value of the cytokine. Although research concerning the role of IL-37 and its mechanism in atherosclerosis is relatively scant, there are a number of well-known atherosclerotic processes that this cytokine can mediate with the potential of modulating the disease progression itself. This review will probe in detail the effects of IL-37 on important pathological processes such as inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and apoptosis, by analyzing existing data as well as exploring the potential of this cytokine to influence these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McCurdy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Chloe A Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jonathan Yap
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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Lin CF, Huang HL, Peng CY, Lee YC, Wang HP, Teng CM, Pan SL. TW-01, a piperazinedione-derived compound, inhibits Ras-mediated cell proliferation and angioplasty-induced vascular restenosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:194-202. [PMID: 27312871 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. This study investigated piperazinedione derived compound TW-01-mediated inhibitory effects on VSMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. METHODS Cell proliferation was determined using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay; cell cycle distribution was measured using flow cytometry; proteins and mRNA expression were determined using western blotting and RT-PCR analyses; DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); in vivo effects of TW-01 were determined using balloon angioplasty in the rat. RESULTS TW-01 significantly inhibited cell proliferation. At the concentrations used, no cytotoxic effects were observed. Three predominant signaling pathways were inhibited by TW-01: (a) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and its downstream effectors of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc; (b) DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); and, (c) Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, TW-01 also inhibited Ras activation, a shared upstream event of each of these signaling cascades. In vascular injury studies, oral administration of TW-01 significantly suppressed intimal hyperplasia induced by balloon angioplasty. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that TW-01 might be a potential candidate for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Li Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Peng
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Po Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10031, Taiwan.
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HSP90 and HSP70: Implication in Inflammation Processes and Therapeutic Approaches for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:970242. [PMID: 26549943 PMCID: PMC4624912 DOI: 10.1155/2015/970242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal stem cell disorders that lead to the excessive production of one or more blood cell lineages. It has been reported that, in most MPN, inflammatory cytokines are frequently increased, indicating that inflammation plays a crucial role in these disorders. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are induced in response to many stressful conditions from heat shock to hypoxia and inflammation. Besides their chaperone and cytoprotective functions, HSPs are key players during inflammation, hence the term “chaperokine.” Through their chaperone activity, HSP90, a stabilizer of many oncogenes (e.g., JAK2), and HSP70, a powerful antiapoptotic chaperone, tightly regulate Nuclear Factor-kappa B signalling, a critical pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. In light of this potential, several HSP90 inhibitors have been generated as anticancer agents able to degrade oncogenes. As it turns out, however, these drugs are also potent inhibitors of the inflammatory response in various diseases. Given the chaperone potential of HSP70 and the fact that HSP90 inhibitors induce HSP70, interest in HSP70 inhibitors is also increasing. Here, we focus on the implication of HSP90 and HSP70 in inflammatory responses and on the emergence of new therapeutic approaches in MPN based on HSP inhibitors.
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Lazaro I, Oguiza A, Recio C, Mallavia B, Madrigal-Matute J, Blanco J, Egido J, Martin-Ventura JL, Gomez-Guerrero C. Targeting HSP90 Ameliorates Nephropathy and Atherosclerosis Through Suppression of NF-κB and STAT Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:3600-13. [PMID: 26116697 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced by cellular stress and function as molecular chaperones that regulate protein folding. Diabetes impairs the function/expression of many HSPs, including HSP70 and HSP90, key regulators of pathological mechanisms involved in diabetes complications. Therefore, we investigated whether pharmacological HSP90 inhibition ameliorates diabetes-associated renal damage and atheroprogression in a mouse model of combined hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse). Treatment of diabetic mice with 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG, 2 and 4 mg/kg, 10 weeks) improved renal function, as evidenced by dose-dependent decreases in albuminuria, renal lesions (mesangial expansion, leukocyte infiltration, and fibrosis), and expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes. Furthermore, DMAG significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions and induced a more stable plaque phenotype, characterized by lower content of lipids, leukocytes, and inflammatory markers, and increased collagen and smooth muscle cell content. Mechanistically, the renoprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects of DMAG are mediated by the induction of protective HSP70 along with inactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and target gene expression, both in diabetic mice and in cultured cells under hyperglycemic and proinflammatory conditions. In conclusion, HSP90 inhibition by DMAG restrains the progression of renal and vascular damage in experimental diabetes, with potential implications for the prevention of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Lazaro
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Oguiza
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beñat Mallavia
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Julia Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Martin-Ventura
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
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García-Bermúdez M, López-Mejías R, Genre F, Castañeda S, Corrales A, Llorca J, González-Juanatey C, Ubilla B, Miranda-Filloy JA, Pina T, Gómez-Vaquero C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez L, Fernández-Gutiérrez B, Balsa A, Pascual-Salcedo D, López-Longo FJ, Carreira P, Blanco R, Martín J, González-Gay MA. Lack of association between JAK3 gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease in Spanish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:318364. [PMID: 25815310 PMCID: PMC4359874 DOI: 10.1155/2015/318364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. JAK/STAT signalling pathway is involved in autoimmune diseases and in the atherosclerotic process. JAK3 is a highly promising target for immunomodulatory drugs and polymorphisms in JAK3 gene have been associated with CV events in incident dialysis patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the potential role of JAK3 polymorphisms in the development of CV disease in patients with RA. 2136 Spanish RA patients were genotyped for the rs3212780 and rs3212752 JAK3 gene polymorphisms by TaqMan assays. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated in 539 of these patients by carotid ultrasonography (US). No statistically significant differences were found when each polymorphism was assessed according to carotid intima-media thickness values and presence/absence of carotid plaques in RA, after adjusting the results for potential confounders. Moreover, no significant differences were obtained when RA patients were stratified according to the presence/absence of CV events after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, our results do not confirm association between JAK3 polymorphisms and CV disease in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel López-Mejías
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Fernanda Genre
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Corrales
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Ubilla
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Trinitario Pina
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Vaquero
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Balsa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. López-Longo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitología and Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Disease, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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Gole HKA, Tharp DL, Bowles DK. Upregulation of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCNN4) in porcine coronary smooth muscle requires NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). PLoS One 2014; 9:e105337. [PMID: 25144362 PMCID: PMC4140784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims NADPH oxidase (NOX) is the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and is proposed to play a key role in redox signaling involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Growth factors and cytokines stimulate coronary SMC (CSMC) phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and migration during atherosclerotic plaque development and restenosis. We previously demonstrated that increased expression and activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCNN4) is necessary for CSMC phenotypic modulation and progression of stenotic lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether NOX is required for KCNN4 upregulation induced by mitogenic growth factors. Methods and Results Dihydroethidium micro-fluorography in porcine CSMCs demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased superoxide production, which was blocked by the NOX inhibitor apocynin (Apo). Apo also blocked bFGF-induced increases in KCNN4 mRNA levels in both right coronary artery sections and CSMCs. Similarly, immunohistochemistry and whole cell voltage clamp showed bFGF-induced increases in CSMC KCNN4 protein expression and channel activity were abolished by Apo. Treatment with Apo also inhibited bFGF-induced increases in activator protein-1 promoter activity, as measured by luciferase activity assay. qRT-PCR demonstrated porcine coronary smooth muscle expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NOX5 isoforms. Knockdown of NOX5 alone prevented both bFGF-induced upregulation of KCNN4 mRNA and CSMC migration. Conclusions Our findings provide novel evidence that NOX5-derived ROS increase functional expression of KCNN4 through activator protein-1, providing another potential link between NOX, CSMC phenotypic modulation, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope K. A. Gole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Darla L. Tharp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Liu Q, Xing L, Wang L, Yao F, Liu S, Hao J, Liu W, Duan H. Therapeutic effects of suppressors of cytokine signaling in diabetic nephropathy. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 62:119-28. [PMID: 24217922 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413512493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important pathophysiological mechanism in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tubular epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT), which can be induced by many cytokines, is an important event in DN. Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine, can induce TEMT in vitro. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of cytokine signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SOCS in DN. The results demonstrated that overexpression of SOCS ameliorated proteinuria, the expression of α-SMA and OSM in tubular epithelial cells, and interstitial extracellular matrix accumulation in the renal tissue of CD-1 mice. In addition, our previous studies indicated that OSM induced TEMT by activating the JAK/STAT pathway, which could be inhibited by SOCS. These results indicate that overexpression of SOCS has a therapeutic effect in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Liu
- Department of Pathology (QL, FY, SL, JH, WL, HD), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Atorvastatin Inhibits the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway and Expression of CCL3 to Alleviate Atherosclerotic Lesions in Atherosclerotic ApoE Knockout Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 62:205-11. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182967fc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Djuric Z, Kashif M, Fleming T, Muhammad S, Piel D, von Bauer R, Bea F, Herzig S, Zeier M, Pizzi M, Isermann B, Hecker M, Schwaninger M, Bierhaus A, Nawroth PP. Targeting activation of specific NF-κB subunits prevents stress-dependent atherothrombotic gene expression. Mol Med 2012; 18:1375-86. [PMID: 23114885 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress has been shown to be a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Although the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated entirely, it has been shown previously that the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important component of stress-activated signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to decipher the mechanisms of stress-induced NF-κB-mediated gene expression, using an in vitro and in vivo model of psychosocial stress. Induction of stress led to NF-κB-dependent expression of proinflammatory (tissue factor, intracellular adhesive molecule 1 [ICAM-1]) and protective genes (manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD]) via p50, p65 or cRel. Selective inhibition of the different subunits and the respective kinases showed that inhibition of cRel leads to the reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein(-/-) (ApoE(-/-)) mice via suppression of proinflammatory gene expression. This observation may therefore provide a possible explanation for ineffectiveness of antioxidant therapies and suggests that selective targeting of cRel activation may provide a novel approach for the treatment of stress-related inflammatory vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Djuric
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Regulation of S100A4 expression via the JAK2–STAT3 pathway in rhomboid-phenotype pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells exposure to hypoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Naringenin inhibits TNF-α induced VSMC proliferation and migration via induction of HO-1. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3025-31. [PMID: 22709785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, which is triggered by various inflammatory stimuli, contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid with both lipid-lowering and insulin-like properties. Here, we investigated whether naringenin affects TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and if so, whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved. Rat VSMCs were treated with naringenin alone or in combination of TNF-α stimulation. We found that naringenin induced HO-1 mRNA and protein levels, as well as its activity, in VSMCs. Naringenin inhibited TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic study demonstrated that naringenin prevented ERK/MAPK and Akt phosphorylation while left p38 MAPK and JNK unchanged. Naringenin also blocked the increase of ROS generation induced by TNF-α. More importantly, the specific HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP IX or HO-1 siRNA partially abolished the beneficial effects of naringenin on VSMCs. These results suggest that naringenin may serve as a novel drug in the treatment of these pathologies by inducing HO-1 expression/activity and subsequently decreasing VSMC proliferation and migration.
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Barish GD, Yu RT, Karunasiri MS, Becerra D, Kim J, Tseng TW, Tai LJ, Leblanc M, Diehl C, Cerchietti L, Miller YI, Witztum JL, Melnick AM, Dent AL, Tangirala RK, Evans RM. The Bcl6-SMRT/NCoR cistrome represses inflammation to attenuate atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2012; 15:554-62. [PMID: 22465074 PMCID: PMC3367511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, but its transcriptional underpinnings are poorly understood. We show that the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 is an anti-inflammatory regulator whose loss in bone marrow of Ldlr(-/-) mice results in severe atherosclerosis and xanthomatous tendonitis, a virtually pathognomonic complication in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Disruption of the interaction between Bcl6 and SMRT or NCoR with a peptide inhibitor in vitro recapitulated atherogenic gene changes in mice transplanted with Bcl6-deficient bone marrow, pointing to these cofactors as key mediators of Bcl6 inflammatory suppression. Using ChIP-seq, we reveal the SMRT and NCoR corepressor cistromes, each consisting of over 30,000 binding sites with a nearly 50% overlap. While the complete cistromes identify a diversity of signaling pathways, the Bcl6-bound subcistromes for each corepressor are highly enriched for NF-κB-driven inflammatory and tissue remodeling genes. These results reveal that Bcl6-SMRT/NCoR complexes constrain immune responses and contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D Barish
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Jobi K, Rauch BH, Dangwal S, Freidel K, Doller A, Eberhardt W, Fischer JW, Schrör K, Rosenkranz AC. Redox regulation of human protease-activated receptor-2 by activated factor X. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1758-64. [PMID: 21871560 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated factor X (FXa) exerts coagulation-independent actions such as proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through the protease-activated receptors PAR-1 and PAR-2. Both receptors are upregulated upon vascular injury but the underlying mechanisms have not been defined. We examined if FXa regulates PAR-1 and PAR-2 in human vascular SMCs. FXa increased PAR-2 mRNA, protein, and cell-surface expression and augmented PAR-2-mediated mitogenesis. PAR-1 was not influenced. The regulatory action of FXa on PAR-2 was concentration-dependent and mimicked by a PAR-2-selective activating peptide. PAR-2 regulation was not influenced by the thrombin inhibitor argatroban or PAR-1 siRNA. FXa increased dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence and 8-isoprostane formation and induced expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-1. NOX-1 siRNA prevented FXa-stimulated PAR-2 regulation, as did ebselen and cell-permeative and impermeative forms of catalase. Exogenous H(2)O(2) increased PAR-2 expression and mitogenic activity. FXa promoted nuclear translocation and PAR-2/DNA binding of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB); NF-κB inhibition prevented PAR-2 regulation by FXa. FXa also promoted PAR-2 mRNA stabilization through increased human antigen R (HuR)/PAR-2 mRNA binding and cytoplasmic shuttling. HuR siRNA abolished FXa-stimulated PAR-2 expression. Thus FXa induces functional expression of PAR-2 but not of PAR-1 in human SMCs, independent of thrombin formation, via a mechanism involving NOX-1-containing NADPH oxidase, H(2)O(2), NF-κB, and HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jobi
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Yu X, Tao W, Jiang F, Li C, Lin J, Liu C. Celastrol attenuates hypertension-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells via induction of heme oxygenase-1. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:895-903. [PMID: 20414191 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of celastrol, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under hypertensive conditions. METHODS Hypertension was induced in rats by fructose feeding. Hypertensive rats were injected with celastrol, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were monitored by the tail-cuff method. Insulin sensitivity in animals was measured by glucose tolerance test (GTT). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot were applied to quantify mRNA and protein levels in tissues and primary cultured VSMCs. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using lucigenin chemiluminescence for tissue homogenates and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining for VSMC cells. RESULTS Celastrol decreased both SBP and DBP while improving insulin sensitivity in fructose-induced hypertensive rats. Celastrol also inhibited vascular and cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension augmented circulating and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, and celastrol treatment suppressed their induction. Celastrol also blocked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt signaling both in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, celastrol increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity, whereas zinc protoporphyrin 9 (ZnPP9), a HO-1 inhibitor, partially abolished the beneficial effects of celastrol on hypertensive rats and VSMCs. Finally, ROS generation in tissue homogenates and in VSMCs was reduced by celastrol. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that celastrol attenuates hypertension-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in VSMCs via HO-1 induction, and this compound may therefore serve as a novel drug to treat hypertension.
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Cheng SM, Chu KM, Lai JH. The modulatory mechanisms of fenofibrate on human primary T cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Komarova Y, Malik AB. Regulation of endothelial permeability via paracellular and transcellular transport pathways. Annu Rev Physiol 2010; 72:463-93. [PMID: 20148685 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium functions as a semipermeable barrier regulating tissue fluid homeostasis and transmigration of leukocytes and providing essential nutrients across the vessel wall. Transport of plasma proteins and solutes across the endothelium involves two different routes: one transcellular, via caveolae-mediated vesicular transport, and the other paracellular, through interendothelial junctions. The permeability of the endothelial barrier is an exquisitely regulated process in the resting state and in response to extracellular stimuli and mediators. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of molecular and signaling mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier permeability with emphasis on the cross-talk between paracellular and transcellular transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Dongming L, Zuxun L, Liangjie X, Biao W, Ping Y. Enhanced levels of soluble and membrane-bound CD137 levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:406-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ortiz-Muñoz G, Lopez-Parra V, Lopez-Franco O, Fernandez-Vizarra P, Mallavia B, Flores C, Sanz A, Blanco J, Mezzano S, Ortiz A, Egido J, Gomez-Guerrero C. Suppressors of cytokine signaling abrogate diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:763-72. [PMID: 20185635 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) is an important mechanism by which hyperglycemia contributes to renal damage, suggesting that modulation of this pathway may prevent renal and vascular complications of diabetes. Here, we investigated the involvement of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) as intracellular negative regulators of JAK/STAT activation in diabetic nephropathy. In a rat model, inducing diabetes resulted in JAK/STAT activation and increased expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3. In humans, we observed increased expression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial SOCS proteins in biopsies of patients with diabetic nephropathy. In vitro, high concentrations of glucose activated JAK/STAT/SOCS in human mesangial and tubular cells. Overexpression of SOCS reversed the glucose-induced activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, expression of STAT-dependent genes (chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins), and cell proliferation. In vivo, intrarenal delivery of adenovirus expressing SOCS1 and SOCS3 to diabetic rats significantly improved renal function and reduced renal lesions associated with diabetes, such as mesangial expansion, fibrosis, and influx of macrophages. SOCS gene delivery also decreased the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 and the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic proteins in the diabetic kidney. In summary, these results provide direct evidence for a link between the JAK/STAT/SOCS axis and hyperglycemia-induced cell responses in the kidney. Suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway by increasing intracellular SOCS proteins may have therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz
- Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
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Madrigal-Matute J, López-Franco O, Blanco-Colio LM, Muñoz-García B, Ramos-Mozo P, Ortega L, Egido J, Martín-Ventura JL. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors attenuate inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:330-7. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Rong Y, Zhang M, Zhang L, Wang XL, Shen YH. JNK-ATF-2 inhibits thrombomodulin (TM) expression by recruiting histone deacetylase4 (HDAC4) and forming a transcriptional repression complex in the TM promoter. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:852-8. [PMID: 20116378 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is an important vascular protective molecule that has anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. TM is downregulated in many thrombotic and vascular diseases. However, the mechanisms responsible for TM suppression are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism involved in fatty acid-induced suppression of TM expression in human aortic endothelial cells. We found that palmitic acid inhibited TM expression through the JNK and p38 pathways. ATF-2, a JNK and p38 target transcription factor, was involved in the suppression. ATF-2 can bind to the TM promoter, recruit HDAC4 and form a transcriptional repression complex in the promoter, which may lead to chromatin condensation and transcriptional arrest. This study provides novel insight into TM down-regulation by stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Rong
- The key laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Blockade of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates myocardial inflammatory response and ventricular dysfunction following coronary microembolization induced by homologous microthrombi in rats. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 105:139-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Insulin is a vascular hormone, able to influence vascular cell responses. In this review, we consider the insulin actions on vascular endothelium and on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) both in physiological conditions and in the presence of insulin resistance. In particular, we focus the relationships between activation of insulin signalling pathways of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the different vascular actions of insulin, with a particular attention to the insulin ability to activate the pathway nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP/PKG via PI3-K, owing to the peculiar relevance of NO in vascular biology. We also discuss the insulin actions mediated by the MAPK pathway (such as endothelin-1 synthesis and secretion and VSMC proliferation and migration) and by the interactions between the two pathways, both in insulin-sensitive and in insulin-resistant states. Finally, we consider the influence of free fatty acids, cytokines and endothelin on vascular insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Anfossi
- Internal Medicine University Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Faculty of Medicine and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin University, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Ortiz-Muñoz G, Martin-Ventura JL, Hernandez-Vargas P, Mallavia B, Lopez-Parra V, Lopez-Franco O, Muñoz-Garcia B, Fernandez-Vizarra P, Ortega L, Egido J, Gomez-Guerrero C. Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Modulate JAK/STAT-Mediated Cell Responses During Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:525-31. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.173781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificacion Hernandez-Vargas
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beñat Mallavia
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Lopez-Parra
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Lopez-Franco
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Muñoz-Garcia
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Fernandez-Vizarra
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Mechanotransduction in vascular physiology and atherogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2009; 10:53-62. [PMID: 19197332 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 817] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Forces that are associated with blood flow are major determinants of vascular morphogenesis and physiology. Blood flow is crucial for blood vessel development during embryogenesis and for regulation of vessel diameter in adult life. It is also a key factor in atherosclerosis, which, despite the systemic nature of major risk factors, occurs mainly in regions of arteries that experience disturbances in fluid flow. Recent data have highlighted the potential endothelial mechanotransducers that might mediate responses to blood flow, the effects of atheroprotective rather than atherogenic flow, the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease and how systemic factors interact with flow patterns to cause atherosclerosis.
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39
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Bolick DT, Skaflen MD, Johnson LE, Kwon SC, Howatt D, Daugherty A, Ravichandran KS, Hedrick CC. G2A deficiency in mice promotes macrophage activation and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2008; 104:318-27. [PMID: 19106413 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.181131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G2A is a stress-inducible G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed on several cell types within atherosclerotic lesions. We demonstrated previously that G2A deficiency in mice increased aortic monocyte recruitment and increased monocyte:endothelial interactions. To investigate the impact of G2A deficiency in macrophages, we isolated peritoneal macrophages from G2A(+/+)ApoE(-/-) and G2A(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice. G2A(-/-)ApoE(-/-) macrophages had significantly lower apoptosis than control macrophages. The prosurvival genes BCL-2, BCL-xL, and cFLIP were increased in G2A(-/-)ApoE(-/-) macrophages. Macrophages from G2A(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice also had increased proinflammatory status that was indicative of a M1 macrophage phenotype. This was indicated by significantly increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB, as well as production of interleukin-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6, and reduced expression of arginase-I. Moreover, G2A(-/-)ApoE(-/-) macrophages had reduced ability to engulf apoptotic cells in vitro. We examined atherosclerosis in mice fed a Western diet for 10 weeks and found that G2A deficiency increased lesion size in the aortic root by 50%. Plasma lipid levels were not changed in G2A(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice. However, we found that absence of G2A increased the number of aortic macrophages and attenuated apoptosis in this cell type. Moreover, bone marrow transplantation studies indicated that deficiency of G2A in marrow-derived cells significantly contributed to atherosclerosis development. In the absence of G2A, increased macrophage activation and decreased apoptosis is associated with accumulation of macrophages in the aorta and increased atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Bolick
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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40
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Cheng SM, Lai JH, Yang SP, Tsao TP, Ho LJ, Liou JT, Cheng CC. Modulation of human T cells signaling transduction by lovastatin. Int J Cardiol 2008; 140:24-33. [PMID: 19046782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Statins are applied clinically to treat hypercholesterolemia and proposed to have some kinds of anti-inflammatory properties for reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. However, it was rarely known about statins on the signal transduction on human primary T cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of statins on human T cells, we investigated the effects of both lovastatin and atorvastatin on activated human primary T cells. The human primary T cells from the blood of normal human beings were isolated. We found that lovastatin, but not atorvastatin, can dose-dependently inhibit cytokine production such as interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma from activated human T cells. Neither lovastatin nor atorvastatin can regulate the TNF-alpha production on both activated human T cells and monocytes. Molecular investigation was performed that lovastatin, but not atorvastatin, could down-regulate both activator protein-1 and NF-kappaB DNA binding activities, assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Our observations may extend potential and differential therapeutic mechanisms of lovastatin with cell-mediated capacity to prevent or treat some of inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center No 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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41
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Baicalein attenuates intimal hyperplasia after rat carotid balloon injury through arresting cell-cycle progression and inhibiting ERK, Akt, and NF-κB activity in vascular smooth-muscle cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 378:579-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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Zheng Y, Lim EJ, Wang L, Smart EJ, Toborek M, Hennig B. Role of caveolin-1 in EGCG-mediated protection against linoleic-acid-induced endothelial cell activation. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:202-9. [PMID: 18656337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids can protect against inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis by decreasing vascular endothelial cell activation. Plasma microdomains called caveolae may be critical in regulating endothelial activation. Caveolae are particularly abundant in endothelial cells and play a major role in endothelial trafficking and the regulation of signaling pathways associated with the pathology of vascular diseases. We hypothesize that flavonoids can down-regulate endothelial inflammatory parameters by modulating caveolae-regulated cell signaling. We focused on the role of caveolae and its major protein, caveolin-1, in mechanisms of linoleic-acid-induced endothelial cell activation and protection by the catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Exposure to linoleic acid for 6 h induced expression of both caveolin-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Pretreatment with EGCG blocked fatty-acid-induced caveolin-1 and COX-2 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were observed with nuclear factor-kappa B DNA binding activity, which was also reduced by caveolin-1 silencing. Exposure to linoleic acid rapidly increased phosphorylation of several kinases, including p38 MAPK, extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and amino kinase terminal (Akt), with maximal induction at about 10 min. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 and Akt down-regulated the linoleic-acid-induced increase in COX-2 protein, which also occurred after pretreatment with EGCG. Caveolin-1 silencing blocked linoleic-acid-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and protein expression of COX-2, suggesting that specific MAPK signaling is caveolae dependent. Our data provide evidence that caveolae may play a critical role in regulating vascular endothelial cell activation and protection by flavonoids such as EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536-0200, USA
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43
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Choi JS, Choi YJ, Shin SY, Li J, Kang SW, Bae JY, Kim DS, Ji GE, Kang JS, Kang YH. Dietary flavonoids differentially reduce oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells: role of MAPK- and JAK/STAT-signaling. J Nutr 2008; 138:983-90. [PMID: 18492823 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.6.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial apoptosis is a driving force in atherosclerosis development. Oxidized LDL promotes inflammatory and thrombotic processes and is highly atherogenic, as it stimulates macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. This study investigated multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-responsive death/survival signaling pathways, through which flavonoids of (-)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and hesperetin exerted antiapoptosis in endothelial cells exposed to oxidized LDL. EGCG and hesperetin substantially diminished the oxidized LDL-induced 2',7'-dichlorofluorecein staining, suggesting that these flavonoids inhibited intracellular accumulation of oxidized LDL-triggered reactive oxygen species and consequent apoptosis. The Western-blot data revealed that oxidized LDL upregulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, which was rapidly reversed by EGCG and hesperetin. They mitigated the consequent activation of the JNK downstream on p53 and c-Jun. Moreover, oxidized LDL increased luciferase activity of p53 in endothelial cells transfected with a p53 promoter construct, the increase of which was strikingly downregulated by EGCG and hesperetin. Surprisingly, hesperetin but not EGCG attenuated phosphorylation of p38MAPK and its downstream c-myc and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1 evoked by oxidized LDL. This study also attempted to explore a linkage of Janus kinase (JAK)2/STAT3 activation to MAPK signaling in oxidized LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis. Notably, we found that the JAK2 inhibitor substantially blocked the JNK activation. Our findings suggest that EGCG and hesperetin may act as antiatherogenic agents blocking oxidized LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis via differential cellular apoptotic machinery. These data provide evidence that the interplay between p38MAPK and JAK-STAT pathways is involved in dietary flavonoid protection against oxidized LDL through hampering MAPK-dependent pathways involving the activation of JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Suk Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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44
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Nemenoff RA, Simpson PA, Furgeson SB, Kaplan-Albuquerque N, Crossno J, Garl PJ, Cooper J, Weiser-Evans MC. Targeted Deletion of PTEN in Smooth Muscle Cells Results in Vascular Remodeling and Recruitment of Progenitor Cells Through Induction of Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1α. Circ Res 2008; 102:1036-45. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.169896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) PTEN/Akt signaling following vascular injury are associated with increased SMC proliferation and neointima formation. In this report, we used a genetic model to deplete PTEN specifically in SMCs by crossing PTEN
LoxP/LoxP
mice to mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the SM22α promoter. PTEN was downregulated with increases in phosphorylated Akt in major vessels, hearts, and lungs of mutant mice. SMC PTEN depletion promoted widespread medial SMC hyperplasia, vascular remodeling, and histopathology consistent with pulmonary hypertension. Increased vascular deposition of the chemokine stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1α and medial and intimal cells coexpressing SM-α-actin and CXCR4, the SDF-1α receptor, was detected in SMC PTEN-depleted mice. PTEN deficiency in cultured aortic SMCs induced autocrine growth through increased production of SDF-1α. Blocking SDF-1α attenuated autocrine growth and blocked growth of control SMCs induced by conditioned media from PTEN-deficient SMCs. In addition, SMC PTEN deficiency enhanced progenitor cell migration toward SMCs through increased SDF-1α production. SDF-1α production by other cell types is regulated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. We found SMC nuclear HIF-1α expression in PTEN-depleted mice and increased nuclear HIF-1α in PTEN-deficient SMCs. Small interfering RNA–mediated downregulation of HIF-1α reversed SDF-1α induction by PTEN depletion and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling blocked HIF-1α and SDF-1α upregulation induced by PTEN depletion. Our data show that SMC PTEN inactivation establishes an autocrine growth loop and increases progenitor cell recruitment through a HIF-1α–mediated SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, thus identifying PTEN as a target for the inhibition of pathological vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A. Nemenoff
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - Peter A. Simpson
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - Seth B. Furgeson
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - Nihal Kaplan-Albuquerque
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - Joseph Crossno
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - Pamela J. Garl
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - James Cooper
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
| | - Mary C.M. Weiser-Evans
- From the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N., P.A.S., S.B.F., N.K.-A., J. Cooper, M.C.M.W.-E.), Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (J. Crossno), Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (R.A.N., J. Crossno, P.J.G., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado Denver; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J. Crossno), Denver
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45
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Suckling K. The landscape of drug discovery in atherosclerosis and dyslipidaemia: a survey from patenting activity. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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A comparison of the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory status of cultured human endothelial cells. Br J Nutr 2008; 100:968-76. [PMID: 18394220 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508966083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial cell selectin (E-selectin), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and on the activation of the signalling molecules NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1), induced by a cytokine mixture in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Inhibition of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation did not differ among both flavonols at 1 micromol/l but was significantly stronger for kaempferol at 5-50 micromol/l. Supplementation with increasing concentrations of kaempferol substantially attenuated the increase induced by the cytokine mixture in VCAM-1 (10-50 micromol/l), ICAM-1 (50 micromol/l) and E-selectin (5-50 micromol/l) expression. A significantly inhibitory effect of quercetin on VCAM-1 (10-50 micromol/l), ICAM-1 (50 micromol/l) and E-selectin (50 micromol/l) expression was also observed. Expression of adhesion molecules was always more strongly inhibited in kaempferol-treated than in quercetin-treated cells. The inhibitory effect on iNOS and COX-2 protein level was stronger for quercetin at 5-50 micromol/l. The effect of kaempferol on NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding activity was weaker at high concentrations (50 micromol/l) as compared with quercetin. The present study indicates that differences exist in the modulation of pro-inflammatory genes and in the blockade of NF-kappaB and AP-1 by kaempferol and quercetin. The minor structural differences between both flavonols determine differences in their anti-inflammatory properties and in their efficiency in inhibiting signalling molecules.
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47
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Olofsson PS, Söderström LA, Wågsäter D, Sheikine Y, Ocaya P, Lang F, Rabu C, Chen L, Rudling M, Aukrust P, Hedin U, Paulsson-Berne G, Sirsjö A, Hansson GK. CD137 Is Expressed in Human Atherosclerosis and Promotes Development of Plaque Inflammation in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Circulation 2008; 117:1292-301. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.699173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease in which inflammatory processes play an important role. Inflammation underlies lesion evolution at all stages, from establishment to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Costimulatory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily such as CD40/CD40L and OX40/OX40L have been implicated in atherosclerosis.
Methods and Results—
This study shows that the tumor necrosis factor superfamily members CD137 and CD137 ligand (CD137L), which play a major role in several autoimmune diseases, may constitute a pathogenic pair in atherogenesis. We detected CD137 protein in human atherosclerotic lesions not only on T cells but also on endothelial cells and showed that CD137 in cultured endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells was induced by proinflammatory cytokines implicated in atherosclerosis. Activation of CD137 by CD137L induced adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells and reduced smooth muscle cell proliferation. In addition, treatment of atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E–deficient mice with a CD137 agonist caused increased inflammation. T-cell infiltration, mainly of CD8
+
cells, and expression of the murine major histocompatibility complex class II molecule I-A
b
increased significantly in atherosclerotic lesions, as did the aortic expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Conclusions—
Taken together, these observations suggest that CD137-CD137L interactions in the vasculature may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis via augmented leukocyte recruitment, increased inflammation, and development of a more disease-prone phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder S. Olofsson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Leif Å. Söderström
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Yuri Sheikine
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Pauline Ocaya
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - François Lang
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Catherine Rabu
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Lieping Chen
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Mats Rudling
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Pål Aukrust
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
| | - Göran K. Hansson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.O., L.A.S., Y.S., U.H., G.P.-B., G.K.H.) and Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.R.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (P.S.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden (D.W., P.O., A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine/PET and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program,
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Roy PK, Rashid F, Bragg J, Ibdah JA. Role of the JNK signal transduction pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:200-2. [PMID: 18186555 PMCID: PMC2675114 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway represents one sub-group of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases which plays an important role in various inflammatory diseases states, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Significant progress towards understanding the function of the JNK signaling pathway has been achieved during the past few years. Blockade of the JNK pathway with JNK inhibitors in animal models of IBD lead to resolution of intestinal inflammation. Current data suggest specific JNK inhibitors hold promise as novel therapies in IBD.
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49
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Samuel S, Beifuss KK, Bernstein LR. YB-1 binds to the MMP-13 promoter sequence and represses MMP-13 transactivation via the AP-1 site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1769:525-31. [PMID: 17822788 PMCID: PMC2043501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes that implement degradation of the extracellular matrix during cellular invasion in development, tissue remodeling, and pathogenic disease states. MMP-13 has pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of invasive cancers and arthritis. Here we report the identification of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) as a new repressor of MMP-13 transactivation. YB-1 binds in vitro in DNA affinity chromatography to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA sequence within the MMP-13 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that YB-1 binds in living cells to the MMP-13 gene promoter to a region of the MMP-13 promoter containing the AP-1 site. YB-1 represses tumor promoter-induced MMP-13 promoter transactivation at the AP-1 site. This is the first report demonstrating YB-1 binding in vitro and in living cells to a mammalian AP-1 target gene, and the first report of YB-1 regulation of the MMP-13 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaija Samuel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 Tel: 979-862-7360; FAX: 979-847-9418;
| | - Katherine K. Beifuss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 Tel: 979-862-7360; FAX: 979-847-9418;
| | - Lori R. Bernstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 Tel: 979-862-7360; FAX: 979-847-9418;
- Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- *Corresponding author
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50
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Norata GD, Grigore L, Raselli S, Redaelli L, Hamsten A, Maggi F, Eriksson P, Catapano AL. Post-prandial endothelial dysfunction in hypertriglyceridemic subjects: Molecular mechanisms and gene expression studies. Atherosclerosis 2007; 193:321-7. [PMID: 17055512 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) are a cardiovascular risk factor and induce endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of post-prandial TGRLs from type IV hyperlipidemic subjects on endothelial activation addressing the effects of the lipoproteins on intracellular pathways and gene expression. METHODS Thirty fasted hypertriglyceridemic patients were given an oral fat load (OFL) and blood samples were collected before the OFL (T0) and 2, 4, 6 and 8h thereafter. Endothelial function, determined as flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery, was assessed at the same time points. TGRLs were isolated at T0 and T4 (PP-TGRL) for in vitro studies. RESULTS Compared with TGRLs, PP-TGRLs induced to a larger extent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, CREB and IKB-alpha in human endothelial cells and increased the DNA binding activity of CREB, NFAT and NF-kappaB. Furthermore, PP-TRGLs upregulated the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), PECAM-1, ELAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, MCP-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), TLR-4, CD40, ADAMTS1 and PAI-1. CONCLUSION These effects may relate to the severe impairment of endothelial function seen during the post-prandial phase in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan,Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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