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Gao Q, Chen J, Zuo W, Wang B, Song T, Xu C, Yu W, Dai Y, Gao S, Zhu L, Yang J. ADSCs labeled with SPIONs tracked in corpus cavernosum of rat and miniature pig by MR imaging and histological examination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1917. [PMID: 38253558 PMCID: PMC10803813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to improve erectile function in animal models of erectile dysfunction. However, few studies have been carried out using a reliable in vivo imaging method to trace transplanted cells in real time, which is necessary for systematic investigation of cell therapy. The study aims to explore the feasibility of non-invasively monitoring intracavernous injection of ADSCs in rat and miniature pig corpus cavernosum using in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats (10 weeks old) and six healthy, sexually mature male miniature pigs (20 kg weight) were obtained. ADSCs were isolated from paratesticular fat of donor rats and cultured. Then ADSCs were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), a type of MR imaging contrast agent, before transplantation into rats and pigs. After intracavernous injection, all rats and pigs underwent and were analyzed by MR imaging at the day of ADSC transplantation and follow-up at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation. In addition, penile histological examination was performed on all rats and pigs before (n = 6) and at 1 day (n = 6), 1 week (n = 6), 2 weeks (n = 6) or 4 weeks (n = 12) after ADSC transplantation. SPION-labeled ADSCs demonstrated a strong decreased signal intensity compared with distilled water, unlabeled ADSCs or agarose gel. SPION-labeled ADSCs showed a hypointense signal at all concentrations, and the greatest hypointense signal was observed at the concentration of 1 × 106. MR images of the corpus cavernosum showed a hypointense signal located at the injection site. T2*-weighted signal intensity increased over the course of 1 week after ADSCs transplantation, and demonstrated a similar MR signal with that before ADSCs transplantation. After SPION-labeled ADSC injection, T2*-weighted MR imaging clearly demonstrated a marked hypointense signal in pig corpus cavernosum. The T2*-weighted signal faded over time, similar to the MR imaging results in rats. Obvious acute inflammatory exudation was induced by intracavernous injection, and the T2*-weighted signal intensity of these exudation was higher than that of the injection site. The presence of iron was detected by Prussian blue staining, which demonstrated ADSC retention in rat corpus cavernosum. Lack of cellular infiltrations were demonstrated by H&E staining before and 4 weeks after transplantation, which indicated no negative immune response by rats. Prussian blue staining was positive for iron oxide nanoparticles at 2 weeks after transplantation. SPION-labeled ADSCs showed a clear hypointense signal on T2-weight MRI in vitro and in vivo. The MR signal intensity in the corpus cavernosum of the rats and miniature pigs faded and disappeared over time after ADSC transplantation. These findings suggested that MR imaging could trace transplanted ADSCs in the short term in the corpus cavernosum of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Gao
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenren Zuo
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlu Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songzhan Gao
- Department of Andrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Surgery, Aheqi County People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
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Wang Y, Lv Y, Li Y, Bao H, Yu C, Li X, Xu J, Huang J, Zhang Z. Ferromagnetic Vortex Iron Oxide Nanorings Modified with Integrin β1 Antibody for Targeted MRI Tracking of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:1044-1051. [PMID: 35854460 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Noninvasive and real-term tracking of transplanted MSCs in vivo is crucial for studying the distribution and migration of MSCs, and their role in tissue injury repair. This study reports on the use of ferrimagnetic vortex iron oxide (FVIO) nanorings modified with anti-human integrin β1 for specific recognition and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking of human MSCs (hMSCs). Integrin β1 is highly expressed at all stem cell proliferation and differentiation stages. Therefore, the anti-integrin β1 antibody (Ab) introduced in FVIO targets integrin β1, thus enabling FVIO to target stem cells at any stage. This is unlike the traditional MRI-based monitoring of transplanted stem cells, which usually requires pre-labeling the stem cells with tracers before injection. Because of the ability to recognize hMSCs, the Ab-modified FVIO nanotracers (FVIO-Ab) have the advantage of not requiring pre-labeling before stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, the FVIO-Ab nanotracers have high T*₂ contrast resulting from the unique magnetic properties of FVIO which can improve the MRI tracking efficiency of stem cells. This work may provide a new way for stem cell labeling and in vivo MRI tracking, thus reducing the risks associated with stem cell transplantation and promoting clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- New Energy and Sensing Technology Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yinjuan Lv
- New Energy and Sensing Technology Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano Biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongying Bao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano Biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano Biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano Biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- New Energy and Sensing Technology Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano Biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano Biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Lechermann LM, Lau D, Attili B, Aloj L, Gallagher FA. In Vivo Cell Tracking Using PET: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation in Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4042. [PMID: 34439195 PMCID: PMC8392745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field involving a wide spectrum of therapeutic cells for personalised medicine in cancer. In vivo imaging and tracking of cells can provide useful information for improving the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of cell therapies. This review focuses on radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive detection and tracking of therapeutic cells using positron emission tomography (PET). A range of approaches for imaging therapeutic cells is discussed: Direct ex vivo labelling of cells, in vivo indirect labelling of cells by utilising gene reporters, and detection of specific antigens expressed on the target cells using antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals (immuno-PET). This review examines the evaluation of PET imaging methods for therapeutic cell tracking in preclinical cancer models, their role in the translation into patients, first-in-human studies, as well as the translational challenges involved and how they can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Lechermann
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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Franchi F, Ramaswamy V, Olthoff M, Peterson KM, Paulmurugan R, Rodriguez-Porcel M. The Myocardial Microenvironment Modulates the Biology of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:948-957. [PMID: 31907845 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The maximal efficacy of cell therapy depends on the survival of stem cells, as well as on the phenotypic and biologic changes that may occur on these cells after transplantation. It has been hypothesized that the post-ischemic myocardial microenvironment can play a critical role in these changes, potentially affecting the survival and reparative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we use a dual reporter gene sensor for the in vivo monitoring of the phenotype of MSCs and study their therapeutic effect on cardiac function. PROCEDURES The mitochondrial sensor was tested in cell culture in response to different mitochondrial stressors. For in vivo testing, MSCs (3 × 105) were delivered in a murine ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. Bioluminescence imaging was used to assess the mitochondrial biology and the viability of transplanted MSCs, while high-resolution ultrasound provided a non-invasive analysis of cardiac contractility and dyssynchrony. RESULTS The mitochondrial sensor showed increased activity in response to mitochondrial stressors. Furthermore, when tested in the living subject, it showed a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction in MSCs delivered in IR, compared with those delivered under sham conditions. Importantly, MSCs delivered to ischemic hearts, despite their mitochondrial stress and poor survival, were able to induce a significant improvement in cardiac function, through decreased collagen deposition and resynchronization/contractility of left ventricular wall motion. CONCLUSIONS The ischemic myocardium induces changes in the phenotype of transplanted MSCs. Despite their limited survival, MSCs still elicit a certain therapeutic response, as evidenced by improvement in myocardial remodeling and cardiac function. Maximization of the survival and reparative efficacy of stem cells remains a key for the success of stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Franchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Vidhya Ramaswamy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michaela Olthoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karen M Peterson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Rodriguez-Porcel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Han S, Kang B, Son HY, Choi Y, Shin MK, Park J, Min JK, Park D, Lim EK, Huh YM, Haam S. In vivo monitoring platform of transplanted human stem cells using magnetic resonance imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113039. [PMID: 33524707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As stem cells show great promise in regenerative therapy, stem cell-mediated therapeutic efficacy must be demonstrated through the migration and transplantation of stem cells into target disease areas at the pre-clinical level. In this study, we developed manganese-based magnetic nanoparticles with hollow structures (MnOHo) and modified them with the anti-human integrin β1 antibody (MnOHo-Ab) to enable the minimal-invasive monitoring of transplanted human stem cells at the pre-clinical level. Compared to common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based stem cell monitoring systems that use pre-labeled stem cells with magnetic particles before stem cell injection, the MnOHo-Ab is a new technology that does not require stem cell modification to monitor the therapeutic capability of stem cells. Additionally, MnOHo-Ab provides improved T1 MRI owing to the hollow structure of the MnOHo. Particularly, the anti-integrin β1 antibody (Ab) introduced in the MnOHo targets integrin β1 expressed in the entire stem cell lineage, enabling targeted monitoring regardless of the differentiation stage of the stem cells. Furthermore, we verified that intravenously injected MnOHo-Ab specifically targeted human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that were transferred to mice testes and differentiated into various lineages. The new stem cell monitoring method using MnOHo-Ab demonstrates whether the injected human stem cells have migrated and transplanted themselves in the target area during long-term stem cell regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Byunghoon Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Kwang Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Park
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Wang AT, Zhao M, Feng Y, Jia H, Zhang L, Yu H, Li Z, Han Z, Han Z. Multifaceted Optimization of MSC-Based Formulation upon Sodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis Models by Combining Advantageous HA/PG Hydrogel and Fluorescent Tracer. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1-13. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8827212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the boundedness of conventional remedies upon articular cartilage for self-rehabilitation and the incrementally senior citizens, the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing worldwide. Empirical studies have revealed the advantageous and promising potentials of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) on the refractory OA, whereas the deficiency of systematic and detailed exploration of MSC-based therapy largely hampers the large-scale applications in regenerative medicine. Herein, we initially utilized the monosodium iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced OA rabbit models and investigated the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord-derived UC-MSCs at serial dose gradients with the splendid hyaluronic acid and/or propylene glycol hydrogels (HA, HA/PG), respectively. Afterwards, we turned to a dual-luciferase reporter tracing system and evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and metabolokinetics of bifluorescence expressing UC-MSCs (BF-MSCs) in OA rats. Of the aforementioned trials, we verified that the combination of HA/PG and middle-dose MSCs (
cells/ml) eventually manifested the optimal efficacy on OA rabbits. Furthermore, with the aid of the bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology for dynamic in vitro and in vivo tracking, we intuitively delineated the spatiotemporal distribution and therapeutic process of BF-MSCs in OA rats, which substantially confirmed the reinforcement of HA/PG on BF-MSCs for OA treatment. Collectively, our data conformably demonstrated that the middle dose of UC-MSCs combined with HA/PG hydrogel was sufficient for optimal MSC-based formulation for blocking OA progression and promoting cartilage repair, which supplied overwhelming new references and enlightened MSC-based therapeutic strategies for cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-tong Wang
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Honghong Jia
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Shangrao 334000, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Shangrao 334000, China
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D'Elia A, Schiavi S, Soluri A, Massari R, Soluri A, Trezza V. Role of Nuclear Imaging to Understand the Neural Substrates of Brain Disorders in Laboratory Animals: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:596509. [PMID: 33362486 PMCID: PMC7759612 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.596509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging, which allows the real-time visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes, is becoming increasingly used in neuroscience research. Scintigraphy techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide qualitative and quantitative measurement of brain activity in both physiological and pathological states. Laboratory animals, and rodents in particular, are essential in neuroscience research, providing plenty of models of brain disorders. The development of innovative high-resolution small animal imaging systems together with their radiotracers pave the way to the study of brain functioning and neurotransmitter release during behavioral tasks in rodents. The assessment of local changes in the release of neurotransmitters associated with the performance of a given behavioral task is a turning point for the development of new potential drugs for psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review addresses the role of SPECT and PET small animal imaging systems for a better understanding of brain functioning in health and disease states. Brain imaging in rodent models faces a series of challenges since it acts within the boundaries of current imaging in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations regarding the strengths and weaknesses of both technologies. Moreover, the application of some of the radioligands developed for small animal nuclear imaging studies is discussed. Then, we examine the changes in metabolic and neurotransmitter activity in various brain areas during task-induced neural activation with special regard to the imaging of opioid, dopaminergic and cannabinoid receptors. Finally, we discuss the current status providing future perspectives on the most innovative imaging techniques in small laboratory animals. The challenges and solutions discussed here might be useful to better understand brain functioning allowing the translation of preclinical results into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D'Elia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
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Lechermann LM, Manavaki R, Attili B, Lau D, Jarvis LB, Fryer TD, Bird N, Aloj L, Patel N, Basu B, Cleveland M, Aigbirhio FI, Jones JL, Gallagher FA. Detection limit of 89Zr-labeled T cells for cellular tracking: an in vitro imaging approach using clinical PET/CT and PET/MRI. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:82. [PMID: 32666311 PMCID: PMC7360010 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tracking cells in vivo using imaging can provide non-invasive information to understand the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of novel cell therapies. Zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 78.4 h) has recently been used to synthesize [89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4 for cell tracking using positron emission tomography (PET). This work presents an in vitro approach to estimate the detection limit for in vivo PET imaging of Jurkat T cells directly labeled with [89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4 utilizing clinical PET/CT and PET/MRI. METHODS Jurkat T cells were labeled with varying concentrations of [89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4 to generate different cell-specific activities (0.43-31.91 kBq/106 cells). Different concentrations of labeled cell suspensions (104, 105, and 106 cells) were seeded on 6-well plates and into a 3 × 3 cubic-well plate with 1 cm3 cubic wells as a gel matrix. Plates were imaged on clinical PET/CT and PET/MRI scanners for 30 min. The total activity in each well was determined by drawing volumes of interest over each well on PET images. The total cell-associated activity was measured using a well counter and correlated with imaging data. Simulations for non-specific signal were performed to model the effect of non-specific radioactivity on detection. RESULTS Using this in vitro model, the lowest cell number that could be visualized on 6-well plate images was 6.8 × 104, when the specific activity was 27.8 kBq/106 cells. For the 3 × 3 cubic-well, a plate of 3.3 × 104 cells could be detected on images with a specific activity of 15.4 kBq/106 cells. CONCLUSION The results show the feasibility of detecting [89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4-labeled Jurkat T cells on clinical PET systems. The results provide a best-case scenario, as in vivo detection using PET/CT or PET/MRI will be affected by cell number, specific activity per cell, the density of cells within the target volume, and non-specific signal. This work has important implications for cell labeling studies in patients, particularly when using radiosensitive cells (e.g., T cells), which require detection of low cell numbers while minimizing radiation dose per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Lechermann
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Roido Manavaki
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorna B Jarvis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Bird
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neel Patel
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bristi Basu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne L Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Peterson KM, Franchi F, Olthoff M, Chen IY, Paulmurugan R, Rodriguez-Porcel M. Pathway-specific reporter genes to study stem cell biology. Stem Cells 2020; 38:808-814. [PMID: 32129537 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Little is known on the phenotypic characteristics of stem cells (SCs) after they are transplanted to the myocardium, in part due to lack of noninvasive platforms to study SCs directly in the living subject. Reporter gene imaging has played a valuable role in the noninvasive assessment of cell fate in vivo. In this study, we validated a pathway-specific reporter gene that can be used to noninvasively image the phenotype of SCs transplanted to the myocardium. Rat mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) were studied for phenotypic evidence of myogenic characteristics under in vitro conditions. After markers of myogenic characteristics were identified, we constructed a reporter gene sensor, comprising the firefly luciferase (Fluc) reporter gene driven by the troponin T (TnT) promoter (cardio MSCs had threefold expression in polymerase chain reaction compared to control MSCs) using a two-step signal amplification strategy. MSCs transfected with TnT-Fluc were studied and validated under in vitro conditions, showing a strong signal after MSCs acquired myogenic characteristics. Lastly, we observed that cardio MSCs had higher expression of the reporter sensor compared to control cells (0.005 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0025 ± 0.0008 Tnt-Fluc/ubiquitin-Fluc, P < .05), and that this novel sensor can detect the change in the phenotype of MSCs directly in the living subject. Pathway-specific reporter gene imaging allows assessment of changes in the phenotype of MSCs after delivery to the ischemic myocardium, providing important information on the phenotype of these cells. Imaging sensors like the one described here are critical to better understanding of the changes that SCs undergo after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Peterson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Federico Franchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michaela Olthoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian Y Chen
- Cardiology Section, Medical Services, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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11
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Shapovalova M, Pyper SR, Moriarity BS, LeBeau AM. The Molecular Imaging of Natural Killer Cells. Mol Imaging 2019; 17:1536012118794816. [PMID: 30203710 PMCID: PMC6134484 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118794816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent success of autologous T cell-based therapies in hematological malignancies has spurred interest in applying similar immunotherapy strategies to the treatment of solid tumors. Identified nearly 4 decades ago, natural killer (NK) cells represent an arguably better cell type for immunotherapy development. Natural killer cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that mediate the direct killing of transformed cells with reduced or absent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are the effector cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Unlike T cells, they do not require human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching allowing for the adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells in the clinic. The development of NK cell-based therapies for solid tumors is complicated by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that can potentially disarm NK cells rendering them inactive. The molecular imaging of NK cells in vivo will be crucial for the development of new therapies allowing for the immediate assessment of therapeutic response and off-target effects. A number of groups have investigated methods for detecting NK cells by optical, nuclear, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances made in imaging NK cells in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Shapovalova
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sean R Pyper
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Takayama Y, Kusamori K, Nishikawa M. Click Chemistry as a Tool for Cell Engineering and Drug Delivery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010172. [PMID: 30621193 PMCID: PMC6337375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity. The recent development of copper-free and less cytotoxic click chemistry reactions has allowed for the application of click chemistry to the field of medicine. Moreover, metabolic glycoengineering allows for the direct modification of living cells with substrates for click chemistry either in vitro or in vivo. As such, click chemistry has become a powerful tool for cell transplantation and drug delivery. In this review, we describe some applications of click chemistry for cell engineering in cell transplantation and for drug delivery in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Takayama
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Oh EJ, Lee HW, Kalimuthu S, Kim TJ, Kim HM, Baek SH, Zhu L, Oh JM, Son SH, Chung HY, Ahn BC. In vivo migration of mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a living mouse model. J Control Release 2018; 279:79-88. [PMID: 29655989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration and repair. In this study, we non-invasively monitored the tracking of MSCs toward burn injury sites using MSCs expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) gene in living mice, and evaluated the effects of the MSCs at the injury site. Murine MSCs co-expressing Fluc and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established using a retroviral system (referred to as MSC/Fluc). To evaluate the ability of MSC migration toward burn injury sites, cutaneous burn injury was induced in the dorsal skin of mice. MSC/Fluc was intravenously administrated into the mice model and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to monitor MSC tracking at designated time points. BLI signals of MSC/Fluc appeared in burn injury lesions at 4 days after the cell injection and then gradually decreased. Immunoblotting analysis was conducted to determine the expression of neovascularization-related genes such as TGF-β1 and VEGF in burnt skin. The levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were higher in the MSC/Fluc-treated group than in the burn injury group. Our observations suggested that MSCs might assist burn wound healing and that MSCs expressing Fluc could be a useful tool for optimizing MSC-based therapeutic strategies for burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
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Quang HV, Chang CC, Song P, Hauge EM, Kjems J. Caveolae-mediated mesenchymal stem cell labelling by PSS-coated PLGA PFOB nano-contrast agent for MRI. Theranostics 2018; 8:2657-2671. [PMID: 29774066 PMCID: PMC5957000 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Non-invasive tracking of transplanted cells is critical in evaluating delivery, migration and prognosis of cell therapies. Methods: We formulated a nano-contrast agent consisting of a perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) core within a shell of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) followed by a coat of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) for 19F MRI. The nano-contrast agent (PSS-NP) was characterised by DLS and the uptake efficiency of the nano-contrast agent (PSS-NP) was tested using flow cytometry, in vitro MRI and confocal microscopy. In vitro and in vivo assays of labelled cells were tested for their ability to provide an MRI signal while retaining their osteoblastic differentiation capabilities. Results: PSS-NPs were internalised via caveolae-mediated endocytosis in mesenchymal stromal/stem cells without affecting cell proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, labelled cells were monitored by 19F MRI for up to 2 months after transplantation in mice. In particular, PSS-NP-labelled cells can be used to monitor the enhanced immune rejection of grafted human cells in normal BALB/c mice compared to immune-compromised NOD/SCID mice. One week after transplantation, 40% of the 19F MRI signal was lost in normal mice, whereas only 10% was lost in immune-compromised mice. Conclusion: Overall, these results show that PSS-NPs can label MSCs effectively, and be employed in vivo as a novel nano-contrast agent for non-invasive cell tracking using clinically relevant 19F MRI techniques.
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Squires JE, Soltys KA, McKiernan P, Squires RH, Strom SC, Fox IJ, Soto-Gutierrez A. Clinical Hepatocyte Transplantation: What Is Next? CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2017; 4:280-289. [PMID: 29732274 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-017-0165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Significant recent scientific developments have occurred in the field of liver repopulation and regeneration. While techniques to facilitate liver repopulation with donor hepatocytes and different cell sources have been studied extensively in the laboratory, in recent years clinical hepatocyte transplantation (HT) and liver repopulation trials have demonstrated new disease indications and also immunological challenges that will require the incorporation of a fresh look and new experimental approaches. Recent findings Growth advantage and regenerative stimulus are necessary to allow donor hepatocytes to proliferate. Current research efforts focus on mechanisms of donor hepatocyte expansion in response to liver injury/preconditioning. Moreover, latest clinical evidence shows that important obstacles to HT include optimizing engraftment and limited duration of effectiveness, with hepatocytes being lost to immunological rejection. We will discuss alternatives for cellular rejection monitoring, as well as new modalities to follow cellular graft function and near-to-clinical cell sources. Summary HT partially corrects genetic disorders for a limited period of time and has been associated with reversal of ALF. The main identified obstacles that remain to make HT a curative approach include improving engraftment rates, and methods for monitoring cellular graft function and rejection. This review aims to discuss current state-of-the-art in clinical HT and provide insights into innovative approaches taken to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Squires
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kyle A Soltys
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrick McKiernan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert H Squires
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ira J Fox
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Franchi F, Peterson KM, Paulmurugan R, Folmes C, Lanza IR, Lerman A, Rodriguez-Porcel M. Noninvasive Monitoring of the Mitochondrial Function in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:510-8. [PMID: 26865378 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondria are a gatekeeper of cell survival and mitochondrial function can be used to monitor cell stress. Here we validate a pathway-specific reporter gene to noninvasively image the mitochondrial function of stem cells. PROCEDURES We constructed a mitochondrial sensor with the firefly luciferase (Fluc) reporter gene driven by the NQO1 enzyme promoter. The sensor was introduced in stem cells and validated in vitro and in vivo, in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR). RESULTS The sensor activity showed an inverse relationship with mitochondrial function (R (2) = -0.975, p = 0.025) and showed specificity and sensitivity for mitochondrial dysfunction. In vivo, NQO1-Fluc activity was significantly higher in IR animals vs. controls, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction, and was corroborated by ex vivo luminometry. CONCLUSIONS Reporter gene imaging allows assessment of the biology of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), providing important information that can be used to improve the phenotype and survival of transplanted stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Franchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karen M Peterson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clifford Folmes
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Martin Rodriguez-Porcel
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Lauber DT, Fülöp A, Kovács T, Szigeti K, Máthé D, Szijártó A. State of the art in vivo imaging techniques for laboratory animals. Lab Anim 2017; 51:465-478. [PMID: 28948893 DOI: 10.1177/0023677217695852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, imaging devices have become indispensable tools in the basic sciences, in preclinical research and in modern drug development. The rapidly evolving high-resolution in vivo imaging technologies provide a unique opportunity for studying biological processes of living organisms in real time on a molecular level. State of the art small-animal imaging modalities provide non-invasive images rich in quantitative anatomical and functional information, which renders longitudinal studies possible allowing precise monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy in models of different diseases. The number of animals in a scientific investigation can be substantially reduced using imaging techniques, which is in full compliance with the ethical endeavours for the 3R (reduction, refinement, replacement) policies formulated by Russell and Burch; furthermore, biological variability can be alleviated, as each animal serves as its own control. The most suitable and commonly used imaging modalities for in vivo small-animal imaging are optical imaging (OI), ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and finally the methods of nuclear medicine: positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tibor Lauber
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Fülöp
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 3 CROmed Translational Research Centers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijártó
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Franchi F, Rodriguez-Porcel M. Noninvasive Assessment of Cell Fate and Biology in Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1553:227-239. [PMID: 28229420 PMCID: PMC5589130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6756-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, molecular imaging has become a conditio sine qua non for cell-based regenerative medicine. Developments in molecular imaging techniques, such as reporter gene technology, have increasingly enabled the noninvasive assessment of the fate and biology of cells after cardiovascular applications. In this context, bioluminescence imaging is the most commonly used imaging modality in small animal models of preclinical studies. Here, we present a detailed protocol of a reporter gene imaging approach for monitoring the viability and biology of Mesenchymal Stem Cells transplanted in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Zheng Y, Qin J, Wang X, Peng Z, Hou P, Lu X. Dynamic imaging of allogeneic adipose-derived regenerative cells transplanted in ischemic hind limb of apolipoprotein E mouse model. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:61-71. [PMID: 28053524 PMCID: PMC5191626 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s118328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) is a promising treatment modality for severe ischemic diseases. However, minimal information is available on the in vivo effects, fate, and migration of ADRCs, as well as the mechanisms of their therapeutic angiogenesis. Materials and methods In this study, green fluorescent protein-expressing ADRCs (GFP-ADRCs) were obtained, labeled with acetylated 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTS)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (APTS NPs), and injected into an old apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mouse model with hind limb ischemia. Then, 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to dynamically trace the role of ADRCs targeting hind limb ischemia in the ApoE-KO mice model. Results Labeled cells were visualized as large hypointense spots in ischemic muscles by serial 3.0 T MRI scans during a 4-week follow-up. The presence of labeled GFP-ADRCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and fluorescence microscopy on postmortem specimens. Conclusion This study showed that allogeneic ADRCs offer great potential application for therapeutic angiogenesis in severe ischemic disease based on the efficacy and feasibility of ADRC transplantation and on the available amounts of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi
| | - Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University
| | - Zhiyou Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University
| | - Peiyong Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University; Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Transplantation for Liver Diseases: Monitoring, Clinical Translation, and Theranostics. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4058656. [PMID: 28070195 PMCID: PMC5192340 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4058656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has been investigated to rescue experimental liver failure and is promising to offer an alternative therapy to liver transplantation for liver diseases treatment. Several clinical studies in this field have been carried out, but the therapeutic benefit of this treatment is still controversial. A major obstacle to developing stem cell therapies in clinic is being able to visualize the cells in vivo. Imaging modalities allow optimization of delivery, detecting cell survival and functionality by in vivo monitoring these transplanted graft cells. Moreover, theranostic imaging is a brand new field that utilizes nanometer-scale materials to glean diagnostic insight for simultaneous treatment, which is very promising to improve stem cell-based therapy for treatment of liver diseases. The aim of this review was to summarize the various imaging tools that have been explored with advanced molecular imaging probes. We also outline some recent progress of preclinical and clinical studies of liver stem cells transplantation. Finally, we discuss theranostic imaging for stem cells transplantation for liver dysfunction and future opportunities afforded by theranostic imaging.
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Lee SY, Lee S, Lee J, Yhee JY, Yoon HI, Park SJ, Koo H, Moon SH, Lee H, Cho YW, Kang SW, Lee SY, Kim K. Non-invasive stem cell tracking in hindlimb ischemia animal model using bio-orthogonal copper-free click chemistry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:779-786. [PMID: 27693784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Labeling of stem cells aims to distinguish transplanted cells from host cells, understand in vivo fate of transplanted cells, particularly important in stem cell therapy. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are considered as an emerging therapeutic option for tissue regeneration, but much remains to be understood regarding the in vivo evidence. In this study, a simple and efficient cell labeling method for labeling and tracking of stem cells was developed based on bio-orthogonal copper-free click chemistry, and it was applied in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model. The human ASCs were treated with tetra-acetylated N-azidoacetyl-d-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) to generate glycoprotein with unnatural azide groups on the cell surface, and the generated azide groups were fluorescently labeled by specific binding of dibenzylcyclooctyne-conjugated Cy5 (DBCO-Cy5). The safe and long-term labeling of the hASCs by this method was first investigated in vitro. Then the DBCO-Cy5-hASCs were transplanted into the hindlimb ischemia mice model, and we could monitor and track in vivo fate of the cells using optical imaging system. We could clearly observe the migration potent of the hASCs toward the ischemic lesion. This approach to design and tailor new method for labeling of stem cells may be useful to provide better understanding on the therapeutic effects of transplanted stem cells into the target diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yeon Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yhee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa In Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woong Kang
- Next-generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HW, Gangadaran P, Kalimuthu S, Ahn BC. Advances in Molecular Imaging Strategies for In Vivo Tracking of Immune Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1946585. [PMID: 27725934 PMCID: PMC5048043 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1946585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tracking of immune cells in vivo is a crucial tool for development and optimization of cell-based therapy. Techniques for tracking immune cells have been applied widely for understanding the intrinsic behavior of immune cells and include non-radiation-based techniques such as optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiation-based techniques such as computerized tomography (CT), and nuclear imaging including single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Each modality has its own strengths and limitations. To overcome the limitations of each modality, multimodal imaging techniques involving two or more imaging modalities are actively applied. Multimodal techniques allow integration of the strengths of individual modalities. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of currently available preclinical in vivo immune cell tracking techniques and summarize the value of immune cell tracking in the development and optimization of immune cell therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Rojas SV, Meier M, Zweigerdt R, Eckardt D, Rathert C, Schecker N, Schmitto JD, Rojas-Hernandez S, Martin U, Kutschka I, Haverich A, Martens A. Multimodal Imaging for In Vivo Evaluation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Murine Model of Heart Failure. Artif Organs 2016; 41:192-199. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian V. Rojas
- Department of Cardiothoracic; Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
| | - Martin Meier
- Central Animal Laboratory; Hannover Medical School; Hannover
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
| | | | - Christian Rathert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
| | - Natalie Schecker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
| | - Jan D. Schmitto
- Department of Cardiothoracic; Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Sara Rojas-Hernandez
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Department of Cardiothoracic; Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic; Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
| | - Andreas Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic; Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence; Hannover Medical School
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Haralampieva D, Betzel T, Dinulovic I, Salemi S, Stoelting M, Krämer SD, Schibli R, Sulser T, Handschin C, Eberli D, Ametamey SM. Noninvasive PET Imaging and Tracking of Engineered Human Muscle Precursor Cells for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1467-73. [PMID: 27199355 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transplantation of human muscle precursor cells (hMPCs) is envisioned for the treatment of various muscle diseases. However, a feasible noninvasive tool to monitor cell survival, migration, and integration into the host tissue is still missing. METHODS In this study, we designed an adenoviral delivery system to genetically modify hMPCs to express a signaling-deficient form of human dopamine D2 receptor (hD2R). The gene expression levels of the receptor were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and infection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. The viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of the transduced cells, as well as their myogenic phenotype, were determined by flow cytometry analysis and fluorescent microscopy. (18)F-fallypride and (18)F-fluoromisonidazole, two well-established PET radioligands, were assessed for their potential to image engineered hMPCs in a mouse model and their uptakes were evaluated at different time points after cell inoculation in vivo. Biodistribution studies, autoradiography, and PET experiments were performed to determine the extent of signal specificity. To address feasibility for tracking hMPCs in an in vivo model, the safety of the adenoviral gene delivery was evaluated. Finally, the harvested tissues were histologically examined to determine whether survival of the transplanted cells was sustained at different time points. RESULTS Adenoviral gene delivery was shown to be safe, with no detrimental effects on the primary human cells. The viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of the transduced cells were confirmed, and flow cytometry analysis and fluorescent microscopy showed that their myogenic phenotype was sustained. (18)F-fallypride and (18)F-fluoromisonidazole were successfully synthesized. Specific binding of (18)F-fallypride to hD2R hMPCs was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the (18)F-fluoromisonidazole signal was high at the early stages. Finally, sustained survival of the transplanted cells at different time points was confirmed histologically, with formation of muscle tissue at the site of injection. CONCLUSION Our proposed use of a signaling-deficient hD2R as a potent reporter for in vivo hMPC PET tracking by (18)F-fallypride is a significant step toward potential noninvasive tracking of hD2R hMPCs and bioengineered muscle tissues in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana Haralampieva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Thomas Betzel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Dinulovic
- Focal Area of Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meline Stoelting
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Handschin
- Focal Area of Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
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25
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Yoon HI, Yhee JY, Na JH, Lee S, Lee H, Kang SW, Chang H, Ryu JH, Lee S, Kwon IC, Cho YW, Kim K. Bioorthogonal Copper Free Click Chemistry for Labeling and Tracking of Chondrocytes In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:927-36. [PMID: 26930274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of an appropriate cell labeling and tracking method is essential for the development of cell-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we are introducing a new method for cell labeling and tracking by combining metabolic gylcoengineering and bioorthogonal copper-free Click chemistry. First, chondrocytes were treated with tetraacetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) to generate unnatural azide groups (-N3) on the surface of the cells. Subsequently, the unnatural azide groups on the cell surface were specifically conjugated with near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye-tagged dibenzyl cyclooctyne (DBCO-650) through bioorthogonal copper-free Click chemistry. Importantly, DBCO-650-labeled chondrocytes presented strong NIRF signals with relatively low cytotoxicity and the amounts of azide groups and DBCO-650 could be easily controlled by feeding different amounts of Ac4ManNAz and DBCO-650 to the cell culture system. For the in vivo cell tracking, DBCO-650-labeled chondrocytes (1 × 10(6) cells) seeded on the 3D scaffold were subcutaneously implanted into mice and the transplanted DBCO-650-labeled chondrocytes could be effectively tracked in the prolonged time period of 4 weeks using NIRF imaging technology. Furthermore, this new cell labeling and tracking technology had minimal effect on cartilage formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa In Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.,Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University , Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yhee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Na
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland United States
| | - Sangmin Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland United States
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Next-generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.,Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoun Chang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland United States
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University , Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 6, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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Increased Understanding of Stem Cell Behavior in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders by Use of Noninvasive Cell Imaging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6235687. [PMID: 26997958 PMCID: PMC4779824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6235687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders are associated with cell-specific depletion in the human body. This imbalance in tissue homeostasis is in healthy individuals repaired by the presence of endogenous stem cells that can replace the lost cell type. However, in most disorders, a genetic origin or limited presence or exhaustion of stem cells impairs correct cell replacement. During the last 30 years, methods to readily isolate and expand stem cells have been developed and this resulted in a major change in the regenerative medicine field as it generates sufficient amount of cells for human transplantation applications. Furthermore, stem cells have been shown to release cytokines with beneficial effects for several diseases. At present however, clinical stem cell transplantations studies are struggling to demonstrate clinical efficacy despite promising preclinical results. Therefore, to allow stem cell therapy to achieve its full potential, more insight in their in vivo behavior has to be achieved. Different methods to noninvasively monitor these cells have been developed and are discussed. In some cases, stem cell monitoring even reached the clinical setting. We anticipate that by further exploring these imaging possibilities and unraveling their in vivo behavior further improvement in stem cell transplantations will be achieved.
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27
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Lost signature: progress and failures in in vivo tracking of implanted stem cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9907-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gizzatov A, Hernández-Rivera M, Keshishian V, Mackeyev Y, Law JJ, Guven A, Sethi R, Qu F, Muthupillai R, Cabreira-Hansen MDG, Willerson JT, Perin EC, Ma Q, Bryant RG, Wilson LJ. Surfactant-free Gd(3+)-ion-containing carbon nanotube MRI contrast agents for stem cell labeling. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12085-91. [PMID: 26119138 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is an ever increasing interest in developing new stem cell therapies. However, imaging and tracking stem cells in vivo after transplantation remains a serious challenge. In this work, we report new, functionalized and high-performance Gd(3+)-ion-containing ultra-short carbon nanotube (US-tube) MRI contrast agent (CA) materials which are highly-water-dispersible (ca. 35 mg ml(-1)) without the need of a surfactant. The new materials have extremely high T1-weighted relaxivities of 90 (mM s)(-1) per Gd(3+) ion at 1.5 T at room temperature and have been used to safely label porcine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for MR imaging. The labeled cells display excellent image contrast in phantom imaging experiments, and TEM images of the labeled cells, in general, reveal small clusters of the CA material located within the cytoplasm with 10(9) Gd(3+) ions per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrat Gizzatov
- Department of Chemistry, Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA.
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29
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124I-PET Assessment of Human Sodium Iodide Symporter Reporter Gene Activity for Highly Sensitive In Vivo Monitoring of Teratoma Formation in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:874-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Rafat M. Real-time evaluation of cell viability using nanoprobes. Regen Med 2015; 10:391-2. [PMID: 25815639 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Lee SK, Mortensen LJ, Lin CP, Tung CH. An authentic imaging probe to track cell fate from beginning to end. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5216. [PMID: 25323442 PMCID: PMC4852472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate tracing of cell viability is critical for optimizing delivery methods and evaluating the efficacy and safety of cell therapeutics. A nanoparticle-based cell tracker is developed to image cell fate from live to dead. The particle is fabricated from two types of optically quenched polyelectrolytes, a life indicator and a death indicator, through electrostatic interactions. On incubation with cells, the fabricated bifunctional nanoprobes are taken up efficiently and the first colour is produced by normal intracellular proteolysis, reflecting the healthy status of the cells. Depending on the number of coated layers, the signal can persist for several replication cycles. However, as the cells begin dying, the second colour appears quickly to reflect the new cell status. Using this chameleon-like cell tracker, live cells can be distinguished from apoptotic and necrotic cells instantly and definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, Box 290, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, Box 290, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Di Gregorio E, Ferrauto G, Gianolio E, Aime S. Gd loading by hypotonic swelling: an efficient and safe route for cellular labeling. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 8:475-86. [PMID: 24375903 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells incubated in hypo-osmotic media swell and their membranes become leaky. The flow of water that enters the cells results in the net transport of molecules present in the incubation medium directly into the cell cytoplasm. This phenomenon has been exploited to label cells with MRI Gd-containing contrast agents. It has been found that, in the presence of 100 mM Gd-HPDO3A in an incubation medium characterized by an overall osmolarity of 160 mOsm l⁻¹, each cell is loaded with amounts of paramagnetic complex ranging from 2 × 10⁹ to 2 × 10¹⁰ depending on the cell type. To obtain more insight into the determinants of cellular labeling by the 'hypo-osmotic shock' methodology, a study on cell viability, proliferation rate and cell morphology was carried out on J774A.1 and K562 cells as representative of cells grown in adhesion and suspended ones, respectively. Moreover a comparison of the efficiency of the proposed method with established cell labeling procedures such as pinocytosis and electroporation was carried out. Finally, the effects of the residual electric charge, the size and some structural features of the metal complex were investigated. In summary, the 'hypotonic shock' methodology appears to be an efficient and promising tool to pursue cellular labeling with paramagnetic complexes. Its implementation is straightforward and one may foresee that it will be largely applied in in vitro cellular labeling of many cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Di Gregorio
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126-, Torino, Italy
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Schönitzer V, Haasters F, Käsbauer S, Ulrich V, Mille E, Gildehaus FJ, Carlsen J, Pape M, Beck R, Delker A, Böning G, Mutschler W, Böcker W, Schieker M, Bartenstein P. In vivo mesenchymal stem cell tracking with PET using the dopamine type 2 receptor and 18F-fallypride. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1342-7. [PMID: 25024426 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.134775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) represent a promising treatment approach for tissue repair and regeneration. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the fate of the transplanted cells. The objective of the presented work was to determine the feasibility of PET imaging and in vivo monitoring after transplantation of dopamine type 2 receptor-expressing cells. METHODS An hMSC line constitutively expressing a mutant of the dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R80A) was generated by lentiviral gene transfer. D2R80A messenger RNA expression was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Localization of the transmembrane protein was analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The stem cell character of transduced hMSCs was investigated by adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Migration capacity was assessed by scratch assays in time-lapse imaging. In vitro specific binding of ligands was tested by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and by radioligand assay using (18)F-fallypride. Imaging of D2R80A overexpressing hMSC transplanted into athymic rats was performed by PET using (18)F-fallypride. RESULTS hMSCs showed long-term overexpression of D2R80A. As expected, the fluorescence signal suggested the primary localization of the protein in the membrane of the transduced cells. hMSC and D2R80A retained their stem cell character demonstrated by their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity and their proliferation and migration behavior. For in vitro hMSCs, at least 90% expressed the D2R80A transgene and hMSC-D2R80A showed specific binding of (18)F-fallypride. In vivo, a specific signal was detected at the transplantation site up to 7 d by PET. CONCLUSION The mutant of the dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R80A) is a potent reporter to detect hMSCs by PET in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Schönitzer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Florian Haasters
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Stefanie Käsbauer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Veronika Ulrich
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Erik Mille
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janette Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Pape
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Beck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Delker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolf Mutschler
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Aghayan HR, Soleimani M, Goodarzi P, Norouzi-Javidan A, Emami-Razavi SH, Larijani B, Arjmand B. Magnetic resonance imaging of transplanted stem cell fate in stroke. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:465-71. [PMID: 25097631 PMCID: PMC4116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, scientific findings in the field of regeneration of nervous system have revealed the possibility of stem cell based therapies for damaged brain tissue related disorders like stroke. Furthermore, to achieve desirable outcomes from cellular therapies, one needs to monitor the migration, engraftment, viability, and also functional fate of transplanted stem cells. Magnetic resonance imaging is an extremely versatile technique for this purpose, which has been broadly used to study stroke and assessment of therapeutic role of stem cells. In this review we searched in PubMed search engine by using following keywords; "Stem Cells", "Cell Tracking", "Stroke", "Stem Cell Transplantation", "Nanoparticles", and "Magnetic Resonance Imaging" as entry terms and based on the mentioned key words, the search period was set from 1976 to 2012. The main purpose of this article is describing various advantages of molecular and magnetic resonance imaging of stem cells, with focus on translation of stem cell research to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Aghayan
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Cellul Fanavaran Knowledge-Based Organization, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzi-Javidan
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Cellul Fanavaran Knowledge-Based Organization, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hasan Emami-Razavi
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,cGMP-compliant stem cell facility, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Babak Arjmand, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center and Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran - 1411413137, Iran. E-mail:
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Zhang YS, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Cai X, Zhang C, Wang LV, Xia Y. Labeling human mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanocages for in vitro and in vivo tracking by two-photon microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:532-43. [PMID: 23946820 PMCID: PMC3741603 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell tracking is a highly important subject. Current techniques based on nanoparticle-labeling, such as magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and micro-computed tomography, are plagued by limitations including relatively low sensitivity or penetration depth, involvement of ionizing irradiation, and potential cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles. Here we introduce a new class of contrast agents based on gold nanocages (AuNCs) with hollow interiors and porous walls to label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for both in vitro and in vivo tracking using two-photon microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy. As demonstrated by the viability assay, the AuNCs showed negligible cytotoxicity under a reasonable dose, and did not alter the differentiation potential of the hMSCs into desired lineages. We were able to image the cells labeled with AuNCs in vitro for at least 28 days in culture, as well as to track the cells that homed to the tumor region in nude mice in vivo.
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Raschzok N, Morgül MH, Stelter L, Sauer IM. Noninvasive monitoring of liver cell transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Lee SK, Han MS, Tung CH. Layered nanoprobe for long-lasting fluorescent cell label. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3315-20. [PMID: 22888056 PMCID: PMC3490011 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A long-lasting particle-based fluorescent label is designed for extended cell imaging studies. This onion-like nanoprobe is constructed through layer-by-layer fabrication technology. The nanoprobes are assembled with multiple layers of optically quenched polyelectrolytes, the fluorescence signal of which can be released later by intracellular proteolysis. Upon incubation with cells, the assembled nanoprobes are taken up efficiently. The tight packing and layered assembly of the quenched polyelectrolytes slow subsequent intracellular degradation, and then result in a prolonged intracellular fluorescence signal for up to 3 weeks with no noticeable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Rodriguez-Porcel M, Kronenberg MW, Henry TD, Traverse JH, Pepine CJ, Ellis SG, Willerson JT, Moyé LA, Simari RD. Cell tracking and the development of cell-based therapies: a view from the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:559-65. [PMID: 22595165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are being developed for myocardial infarction (MI) and its consequences (e.g., heart failure) as well as refractory angina and critical limb ischemia. The promising results obtained in preclinical studies led to the translation of this strategy to clinical studies. To date, the initial results have been mixed: some studies showed benefit, whereas in others, no benefit was observed. There is a growing consensus among the scientific community that a better understanding of the fate of transplanted cells (e.g., cell homing and viability over time) will be critical for the long-term success of these strategies and that future studies should include an assessment of cell homing, engraftment, and fate as an integral part of the trial design. In this review, different imaging methods and technologies are discussed within the framework of the physiological answers that the imaging strategies can provide, with a special focus on the inherent regulatory issues.
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40
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Studwell AJ, Kotton DN. A shift from cell cultures to creatures: in vivo imaging of small animals in experimental regenerative medicine. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1933-41. [PMID: 21952170 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of small animals for in vivo experimentation has been widespread, only recently has there been easy availability of techniques that allow noninvasive in vivo imaging of small animals. Because these techniques allow the same individual subject to be followed longitudinally throughout the duration of an experiment, their use is rapidly changing the way small animals are employed in the laboratory. In this review, we focus on six imaging modalities that are increasingly employed for small animal in vivo imaging: optical imaging (OI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and positron-emission tomography (PET). Each modality allows for the noninvasive tracking of cells and cell products in vivo. In addition, multimodality imaging, combining two or more of these techniques, has also been increasingly employed to overcome the limitations of each independent technique. After reviewing these available imaging modalities, we detail their experimental application, exemplified by the emerging field of regenerative medicine, referring to publications whose conclusions would otherwise be difficult to support without the availability of in vivo imaging.
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41
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Reagan MR, Kaplan DL. Concise review: Mesenchymal stem cell tumor-homing: detection methods in disease model systems. Stem Cells 2011; 29:920-7. [PMID: 21557390 DOI: 10.1002/stem.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the decline in U.S. cancer incidence and mortality rates, cancer remains the number one cause of death for people under the age of 85 and one in four people in the U.S. will die of cancer, mainly because of metastasis. Recently, interest in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) tumor-homing has led to inquires into: (a) why MSCs home to tumors, (b) what the inherent protumor and antitumor consequences are, and (c) how to best capitalize on MSC tumor-homing for cell-based diagnostics and therapy. Here, these questions are reviewed and method for addressing them using animal models and tracking methodologies (or, synonymously, detection methodologies) are discussed. First, MSCs in a regenerative and tumor-homing context are reviewed, followed by MSC delivery and genetic labeling methods for tissue model systems. Finally, the use of the nonoptical methods, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography, along with optical methods, fluorescence imaging and bioluminescent imaging, are reviewed related to tracking MSCs within disease model settings. The benefits and drawbacks of each detection method in animal models is reviewed along with the utility of each for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Psaltis PJ, Simari RD, Rodriguez-Porcel M. Emerging roles for integrated imaging modalities in cardiovascular cell-based therapeutics: a clinical perspective. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 39:165-81. [PMID: 21901381 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite preclinical promise, the progress of cell-based therapy to clinical cardiovascular practice has been slowed by several challenges and uncertainties that have been highlighted by the conflicting results of human trials. Most telling has been the revelation that current strategies fall short of achieving sufficient retention and engraftment of cells to meet the ambitious objective of myocardial regeneration. This has sparked novel research into the refinement of cell biology and delivery to overcome these shortcomings. Within this context, molecular imaging has emerged as a valuable tool for providing noninvasive surveillance of cell fate in vivo. Direct and indirect labelling of cells can be coupled with clinically relevant imaging modalities, such as radionuclide single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, to assess their short- and long-term distributions, along with their viability, proliferation and functional interaction with the host myocardium. This review details the strengths and limitations of the different cell labelling and imaging techniques and their potential application to the clinical realm. We also consider the broader, multifaceted utility of imaging throughout the cell therapy process, providing a discussion of its considerable value during cell delivery and its importance during the evaluation of cardiac outcomes in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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In Reply: Emerging Approaches for Cardiovascular Stem Cell Imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-011-9080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kelly C, Flatt CCS, McClenaghan NH. Stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of diabetes. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:424986. [PMID: 21716654 PMCID: PMC3116622 DOI: 10.4061/2011/424986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and the associated debilitating complications are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Current therapies for type 1 diabetes focus primarily on administration of exogenous insulin to help restore glucose homeostasis. However, such treatment rarely prevents the long-term complications of this serious metabolic disorder, including neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. Whole pancreas or islet transplantations have enjoyed limited success in some individuals, but these approaches are hampered by the shortage of suitable donors and the burden of lifelong immunosuppression. Here, we review current approaches to differentiate nonislet cell types towards an islet-cell phenotype which may be used for larger-scale cell replacement strategies. In particular, the differentiation protocols used to direct embryonic stem cells, progenitor cells of both endocrine and nonendocrine origin, and induced pluripotent stem cells towards an islet-cell phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Kelly
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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Patel GS, Kiuchi T, Lawler K, Ofo E, Fruhwirth GO, Kelleher M, Shamil E, Zhang R, Selvin PR, Santis G, Spicer J, Woodman N, Gillett CE, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Kéri G, Schaeffter T, Goh V, O'Doherty MJ, Ellis PA, Ng T. The challenges of integrating molecular imaging into the optimization of cancer therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:603-31. [PMID: 21541433 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We review novel, in vivo and tissue-based imaging technologies that monitor and optimize cancer therapeutics. Recent advances in cancer treatment centre around the development of targeted therapies and personalisation of treatment regimes to individual tumour characteristics. However, clinical outcomes have not improved as expected. Further development of the use of molecular imaging to predict or assess treatment response must address spatial heterogeneity of cancer within the body. A combination of different imaging modalities should be used to relate the effect of the drug to dosing regimen or effective drug concentration at the local site of action. Molecular imaging provides a functional and dynamic read-out of cancer therapeutics, from nanometre to whole body scale. At the whole body scale, an increase in the sensitivity and specificity of the imaging probe is required to localise (micro)metastatic foci and/or residual disease that are currently below the limit of detection. The use of image-guided endoscopic biopsy can produce tumour cells or tissues for nanoscopic analysis in a relatively patient-compliant manner, thereby linking clinical imaging to a more precise assessment of molecular mechanisms. This multimodality imaging approach (in combination with genetics/genomic information) could be used to bridge the gap between our knowledge of mechanisms underlying the processes of metastasis, tumour dormancy and routine clinical practice. Treatment regimes could therefore be individually tailored both at diagnosis and throughout treatment, through monitoring of drug pharmacodynamics providing an early read-out of response or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Lucignani G, Rodriguez-Porcel M. In vivo imaging for stem cell therapy: new developments and future challenges. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:400-5. [PMID: 21203755 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Molecular SPECT Imaging: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 2011:796025. [PMID: 21603240 PMCID: PMC3094893 DOI: 10.1155/2011/796025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has witnessed a tremendous change over the last decade. Growing interest and emphasis are placed on this specialized technology represented by developing new scanners, pharmaceutical drugs, diagnostic agents, new therapeutic regimens, and ultimately, significant improvement of patient health care. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have their signature on paving the way to molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine. The former will be the topic of the current paper where the authors address the current position of the molecular SPECT imaging among other imaging techniques, describing strengths and weaknesses, differences between SPECT and PET, and focusing on different SPECT designs and detection systems. Radiopharmaceutical compounds of clinical as well-preclinical interest have also been reviewed. Moreover, the last section covers several application, of μSPECT imaging in many areas of disease detection and diagnosis.
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48
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Kedziorek DA, Kraitchman DL. Emerging Approaches for Cardiovascular Stem Cell Imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-010-9057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Linte CA, White J, Eagleson R, Guiraudon GM, Peters TM. Virtual and Augmented Medical Imaging Environments: Enabling Technology for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Interventional Guidance. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2010; 3:25-47. [DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2010.2082522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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