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Chen J, Li H, Guo S, Yang Z, Sun S, Zeng J, Gou H, Chen Y, Wang F, Lin Y, Huang K, Yue H, Ma Y, Lin Y. Whole exome sequencing in Brugada and long QT syndromes revealed novel rare and potential pathogenic mutations related to the dysfunction of the cardiac sodium channel. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:394. [PMID: 36303204 PMCID: PMC9615250 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brugada syndrome (Brs) and long QT syndrome (LQTs) are the most observed “inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes” and “channelopathies”, which lead to sudden cardiac death. Methods Detailed clinical information of Brs and LQTs patients was collected. Genomic DNA samples of peripheral blood were conducted for whole-exome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Then, we performed bioinformatics analysis for 200 genes susceptible to arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. Protein interaction and transcriptomic co-expression were analyzed using the online website and GTEx database.
Results All sixteen cases of Brs and six cases of LQTs were enrolled in the current study. Four Brs carried known pathogenic or likely pathogenic of single-point mutations, including SCN5A p.R661W, SCN5A p.R965C, and KCNH2 p.R692Q. One Brs carried the heterozygous compound mutations of DSG2 p.F531C and SCN5A p.A1374S. Two Brs carried the novel heterozygous truncated mutations (MAF < 0.001) of NEBL (p.R882X) and NPPA (p.R107X), respectively. Except for the indirect interaction between NEBL and SCN5A, NPPA directly interacts with SCN5A. These gene expressions had a specific and significant positive correlation in myocardial tissue, with high degrees of co-expression and synergy. Two Brs carried MYH7 p.E1902Q and MYH6 p.R1820Q, which were predicted as "damaging/possibly damaging" and "damaging/damaging" by Polyphen and SIFT algorithm. Two LQTs elicited the pathogenic single splicing mutation of KCNQ1 (c.922-1G > C). Three LQTs carried a single pathogenic mutation of SCN5A p.R1880H, KCNH2 p.D161N, and KCNQ1 p.R243S, respectively. One patient of LQTs carried a frameshift mutation of KCNH2 p. A188Gfs*143. Conclusions The truncated mutations of NEBL (p.R882X) and NPPA (p.R107X) may induce Brugada syndrome by abnormally affecting cardiac sodium channel. SCN5A (p.R661W, p.R965C and p.A1374S) and KCNH2 (p.R692Q) may cause Brugada syndrome, while SCN5A (p.R1880H), KCNQ1 (c.922-1G > C and p.R243S) and KCNH2 (p.D161N and p.A188Gfs*143) may lead to long QT syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.,The Second Department of Cardiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518048, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sicheng Guo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaoping Sun
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - JunJie Zeng
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjuan Gou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yechang Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kun Huang
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Yue
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yuting Ma
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yubi Lin
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China. .,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome that causes a heightened risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. BrS is characterised by a coved ST-segment elevation in right precordial leads. The prevalence is estimated to range between 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 2,000 in different populations, with the highest being in Southeast Asia and in males. More than 18 genes associated with BrS have been discovered and recent evidence has suggested a complex polygenic mode of inheritance with multiple common and rare genetic variants acting in concert to produce the BrS phenotype. Diagnosis of BrS in patients currently relies on presentation with a type-1 Brugada pattern on ECG either spontaneously or following a drug provocation test using a sodium channel blocker. Risk assessment in patients diagnosed with BrS is controversial, especially with regard to the predictive value of programmed electrical stimulation and novel ECG parameters, such as QRS fragmentation. The first line of BrS therapy remains an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), although radiofrequency catheter ablation has been shown to be an effective option in patients with contraindications for an ICD. True BrS can be unmasked on ECG in susceptible individuals by monitoring factors such as fever, and this has been recently evident in several patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Aggressive antipyretic therapy and regular ECG monitoring until fever resolves are current recommendations to help reduce the arrhythmic risk in these COVID-19 patients. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with BrS, with special emphasis on COVID-19 comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giridhar Korlipara
- Cardiology Division of Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Sutterland AL, Blom MT, Ladee K, Lubbers JJM, Cohen D, de Haan L, Tan HL. Increased prevalence of ECG suspicious for Brugada Syndrome in recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:59-65. [PMID: 31248748 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, traditionally attributed to prolonged QTc interval and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, defective ion channels implicated in both schizophrenia and Brugada Syndrome (BrS) may be associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, these cardiac arrhythmias can be provoked by various drugs, including psychotropic drugs. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of the occurrence of ECG suspicious for BrS (suspect BrS-ECG) and the prevalence of BrS in patients with recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). METHODS In this case-control study, ECGs of 388 patients with recent onset SSD admitted between 2006 and 2015 and 844 healthy controls were made. All persons who had a suspect BrS-ECG were offered an ajmaline provocation test to diagnose or exclude BrS. Data on possible confounders were ascertained. Patients with and without suspect BrS-ECG were compared regarding clinical and ECG variables. RESULTS Suspect BrS-ECG was found in 33 patients (8.5%) and 13 healthy controls (1.5%), with an adjusted Odds Ratio of 3.5 (p < 0.0001). This finding was not explained by potential confounders such as gender, age, ethnicity, cannabis use, cardiovascular risk factors, medication use or serum electrolytes. BrS was confirmed in three patients and one control. CONCLUSION A considerable subset of patients with recent onset SSD have suspect BrS-ECG, extending earlier findings in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Screening for BrS in schizophrenia could be relevant both to prevent sudden cardiac death and to identify a subgroup of patients with possible ion-channel dysfunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen L Sutterland
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katinka Ladee
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorieke J M Lubbers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Cohen
- Mental Health Service North-Holland North, Department of Community Mental Health, Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Brugada Syndrome: A Primer for Nurse Practitioners. J Nurse Pract 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Therasse D, Sacher F, Babuty D, Mabo P, Mansourati J, Kyndt F, Redon R, Schott JJ, Barc J, Probst V, Gourraud JB. Value of the sodium-channel blocker challenge in Brugada syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2017; 245:178-180. [PMID: 28784436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intravenous drug challenge is frequently performed to unmask Brugada syndrome (BrS). However, its true sensitivity has never been assessed. We used the obligate BrS transmitters in families affected by BrS to evaluate the true accuracy of drug challenge. METHODS All consecutive patients from 2000 to 2014 who underwent drug challenge during familial screening for BrS were included in the study. Obligate BrS transmitters were defined as the presence of a descendant and non-descendant first-degree relative affected by BrS. Two physicians blinded to the clinical and genetic status reviewed the data. RESULTS Among 705 drug challenges performed in 149 families, 50 were performed in obligate transmitters from 42 different families. SCN5A mutations were identified in 20 families. Two obligate transmitters were not carrier of the familial mutation. Based on obligate transmitters, sensitivity was 100% for Ajmaline vs 77% for Flecainide (P=0.002). Based on the presence of the familial SCN5A mutation in all family relatives, sensitivity and specificity of sodium channel blocker challenge were respectively 78% (95/122) and 46% (68/148). During a median follow-up of 91 (26-136) months, 2 ventricular fibrillations occurred in obligate transmitters. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that Ajmaline challenge presents an excellent sensitivity that may rule out the diagnosis of BrS when negative. Conversely, a negative Flecainide challenge may not prevent from Brs inheritance and risk of SCD. This may lead to suggest systematic use of Ajmaline during drug challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Therasse
- CHU Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Frederic Sacher
- CHU Bordeaux, IHU LYRIC, Hôpital cardiologique, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Florence Kyndt
- CHU Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Richard Redon
- CHU Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes F-44000, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Jean Jacques Schott
- CHU Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes F-44000, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Julien Barc
- INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- CHU Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes F-44000, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gourraud
- CHU Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes F-44000, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, L'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France.
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Biel S, Aquila M, Hertel B, Berthold A, Neumann T, DiFrancesco D, Moroni A, Thiel G, Kauferstein S. Mutation in S6 domain of HCN4 channel in patient with suspected Brugada syndrome modifies channel function. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1663-71. [PMID: 27553229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diseases such as the sick sinus and the Brugada syndrome are cardiac abnormalities, which can be caused by a number of genetic aberrances. Among them are mutations in HCN4, a gene, which encodes the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4; this pacemaker channel is responsible for the spontaneous activity of the sinoatrial node. The present genetic screening of patients with suspected or diagnosed Brugada or sick sinus syndrome identified in 1 out of 62 samples the novel mutation V492F. It is located in a highly conserved site of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN)4 channel downstream of the filter at the start of the last transmembrane domain S6. Functional expression of mutant channels in HEK293 cells uncovered a profoundly reduced channel function but no appreciable impact on channel synthesis and trafficking compared to the wild type. The inward rectifying HCN4 current could be partially rescued by an expression of heteromeric channels comprising wt and mutant monomers. These heteromeric channels were responsive to cAMP but they required a more negative voltage for activation and they exhibited a lower current density than the wt channel. This suggests a dominant negative effect of the mutation in patients, which carry this heterozygous mutation. Such a modulation of HCN4 activity could be the cause of the diagnosed cardiac abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Biel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Aquila
- Department of Biosciences and CNR IBF-Mi, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Brigitte Hertel
- Department of Biology, Plant Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anne Berthold
- Department of Biology, Plant Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, University of Giessen, Benekestraße 2, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- The PaceLab, Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences and CNR IBF-Mi, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Department of Biology, Plant Membrane Biophysics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Silke Kauferstein
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is recognized as a hereditary ion channel disorder with electrocardiographic changes. First appearing in the literature about 20 years ago, contemporary thoughts are that BrS may be responsible for many sudden cardiac deaths and is associated with ventricular dysrhythmias that can lead to syncope or cardiac arrest. Many individuals with BrS may have no or limited structural heart disease, whereas others may have subtle morphological changes in histopathology. This case reviews a single patient with BrS Type 1 who was found to have a high-level of coronary artery disease. Changes noted in the original electrocardiogram were of significant importance in reaching the diagnosis.
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Dobbels B, De Cleen D, Ector J. Ventricular arrhythmia during ajmaline challenge for the Brugada syndrome. Europace 2016; 18:1501-1506. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Type 1 Brugada Pattern Associated with Nicotine Toxicity. J Emerg Med 2015; 49:e183-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kim JY, Kim SH, Kim SS, Lee KH, Park HW, Cho JG, Uhm JS, Joung B, Pak HN, Lee MH, Park SJ, On YK, Kim JS, Lim HE, Shim J, Choi JI, Park SW, Kim YH, Lee WS, Kim J, Nam GB, Choi KJ, Kim YH, Oh YS, Lee MY, Rho TH. Benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy after generator replacement in patients with Brugada syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:340-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fever-induced type 1 Brugada pattern. Rev Port Cardiol 2015; 34:287.e1-7. [PMID: 25843309 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome, first described over 20 years ago, is characterized by a typical electrocardiographic pattern with coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads and a high risk of sudden death in otherwise healthy young adults. The electrocardiographic pattern is sometimes intermittent, and fever is a possible trigger. The authors present the case of a 68-year-old woman who came to the emergency department with fever and syncope. A diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was made. The electrocardiogram performed when the patient had fever revealed a type 1 Brugada pattern, which disappeared after the fever subsided. After other causes of Brugada-like pattern were excluded, Brugada syndrome was diagnosed and a cardioverter-defibrillator was implanted. This case demonstrates that this entity can be diagnosed at more advanced ages and highlights the usefulness of electrocardiography in a febrile state.
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Madeira M, Caetano F, Providência R, Almeida I, Trigo J, Nascimento J, Costa M, Leitão Marques A. Fever-induced type 1 Brugada pattern. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sudden cardiac death in the young is a relatively uncommon but marked event usually related to congenital diseases or anomalies. Despite the prevalence of each condition being variable, most common causes include primary myocardial diseases and arrhythmic disorder, frequently with inheritance pattern. Sudden cardiac death is usually preceded by symptoms, thus making personal and family history fundamental for its prevention. Nevertheless, in more than 50% of cases, sudden cardiac death is the first manifestation of the disease. In this review, we describe the different causes of sudden cardiac death, their incidence, and currently used preventive strategies.
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