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Offermans K, Jenniskens JCA, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, van der Meer JRM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Association between mutational subgroups, Warburg-subtypes, and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1137-1156. [PMID: 35785488 PMCID: PMC9883416 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that Warburg-subtypes are related to potentially important survival differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In the present study, we investigated whether mutational subgroups based on somatic mutations in RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MET, which are known to promote the Warburg-effect, as well as mismatch repair (MMR) status, hold prognostic value in CRC. In addition, we investigated whether Warburg-subtypes provide additional prognostic information, independent of known prognostic factors like TNM stage. METHODS CRC patients (n = 2344) from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) were classified into eight mutually exclusive mutational subgroups, based on observed mutations in RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MET, and MMR status: All-wild-type + MMRproficient , KRASmut + MMRproficient , KRASmut + PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient , PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient , BRAFmut + MMRproficient , BRAFmut + MMRdeficient , other + MMRproficient , and other + MMRdeficient . Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between mutational subgroups and survival, as well as associations between our previously established Warburg-subtypes and survival within these mutational subgroups. RESULTS Compared to patients with all-wild-type + MMRproficient CRC, patients with KRASmut + MMRproficient , KRASmut + PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient , BRAFmut + MMRproficient , or other + MMRproficient CRC had a statistically significant worse survival (HRCRC-specific ranged from 1.29 to 1.88). In contrast, patients with other + MMRdeficient CRC had the most favorable survival (HRCRC-specific 0.48). No statistically significant survival differences were observed for the Warburg-subtypes within mutational subgroups. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the prognostic potential of mutational subgroups in CRC. Warburg-subtypes did not provide additional prognostic information within these mutational subgroups. Future larger-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate our findings and to examine the potential clinical utility of CRC subtyping based on mutational subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Josien C. A. Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Colinda C. J. M. Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E. Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jaleesa R. M. van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim M. Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Matty P. Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Heike I. Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James'sUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
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2
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Li F, Zhou YD, Liu J, Cai JD, Liao ZM, Chen GQ. RBP-J promotes cell growth and metastasis through regulating miR-182-5p-mediated Tiam1/Rac1/p38 MAPK axis in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110103. [PMID: 34339855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RBP-J is involved in number of cellular processes. However, the potential mechanisms of RBP-J on colorectal cancer (CRC) development have not been clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of RBP-J in CRC. METHODS The expression levels of RBP-J and Tiam1 in CRC tissues and cells were evaluated by RT-qPCR or western blot. RBP-J was knocked down with sh-RBP-J or overexpressed by pcDNA3.1-RBP-J in CRC cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were analyzed by MTT, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. CHIP-qPCR, RIP and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the interaction between miR-182-5p and RBP-J or Tiam1. Expression levels of p-p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK, Slug-1, Twist1 and MMP-9 were analyzed by western blot. G-LISA test was used to detect Rac1 activity. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of RBP-J and Tiam1 was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues and cells. RBP-J overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Moreover, RBP-J was found to directly target miR-182-5p promoter and positively regulate the Tiam1/Rac1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in CRC cells. It was also proved that miR-182-5p can bind Tiam1 directly. Furthermore, experiments revealed that RBP-J could promote CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion via miR-182-5p-mediated Tiam1/Rac1/p38 MAPK axis. In addition, knockdown of RBP-J reduced tumor growth and metastasis in CRC mice. CONCLUSION RBP-J regulates CRC cell growth and metastasis through miR-182-5p mediated Tiam1/Rac1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, implying potential novel therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jiao-Di Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Guo-Qun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, PR China.
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3
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Dimberg J, Andersson RE, Haglund S. Genomic Profiling of Stage II Colorectal Cancer Identifies Candidate Genes Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival, Tumor Location, and Differentiation Grade. Oncology 2020; 98:575-582. [PMID: 32408300 DOI: 10.1159/000507118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, potential candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy, is challenging. Current clinical guidelines rely mainly on histopathological markers with relatively weak prognostic value. This motivates further search for prognostic markers. METHODS This explorative study aimed to identify potential candidate gene mutations to facilitate differentiation between subgroups of patients with CRC stage II. Panel-based massive parallel sequencing was used to genetically characterize tumor tissues from 85 patients radically operated for CRC stage II, of which 12 developed recurrent cancer during follow-up. Genetic data was compared between patients with or without cancer recurrence, between tumors located in colon and in rectum, and for association with tumor differentiation grade. RESULTS Genetic variation in ATM, C11ORF65 was associated with recurrence-free survival. Previous reports regarding the association between BRAF mutation and a higher age at diagnosis, and tumor location in colon were confirmed. APC, BRAF, or KRAS mutation was associated with tumor differentiation grade. Multiple correspondence analyses revealed no obvious clustering of patients with the studied clinical characteristics, indicating that the genetic signatures observed here were unique for each individual. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we have demonstrated the utility of panel-based massive parallel sequencing to explore the pathogenesis of CRC stage II. We have identified promising candidate gene mutations associated with cancer recurrence, tumor location, and differentiation grade in patients with CRC stage II, which merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dimberg
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Roland E Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofie Haglund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, .,Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
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4
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Coppé JP, Mori M, Pan B, Yau C, Wolf DM, Ruiz-Saenz A, Brunen D, Prahallad A, Cornelissen-Steijger P, Kemper K, Posch C, Wang C, Dreyer CA, Krijgsman O, Lee PRE, Chen Z, Peeper DS, Moasser MM, Bernards R, van 't Veer LJ. Mapping phospho-catalytic dependencies of therapy-resistant tumours reveals actionable vulnerabilities. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:778-790. [PMID: 31160710 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation networks intimately regulate mechanisms of response to therapies. Mapping the phospho-catalytic profile of kinases in cells or tissues remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a practical high-throughput system to measure the enzymatic activity of kinases using biological peptide targets as phospho-sensors to reveal kinase dependencies in tumour biopsies and cell lines. A 228-peptide screen was developed to detect the activity of >60 kinases, including ABLs, AKTs, CDKs and MAPKs. Focusing on BRAFV600E tumours, we found mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to BRAFV600E-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer, including targetable parallel activation of PDPK1 and PRKCA. Furthermore, mapping the phospho-catalytic signatures of melanoma specimens identifies RPS6KB1 and PIM1 as emerging druggable vulnerabilities predictive of poor outcome in BRAFV600E patients. The results show that therapeutic resistance can be caused by the concerted upregulation of interdependent pathways. Our kinase activity-mapping system is a versatile strategy that innovates the exploration of actionable kinases for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Miki Mori
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo Pan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christina Yau
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Wolf
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diede Brunen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anirudh Prahallad
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kristel Kemper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Posch
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Changjun Wang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pei Rong Evelyn Lee
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Engelhardt EG, Révész D, Tamminga HJ, Punt CJA, Koopman M, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, Steyerberg EW, de Vet HCW, Coupé VMH. Inventory of oncologists' unmet needs for tools to support decision-making about palliative treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2018; 18:132. [PMID: 30551735 PMCID: PMC6295030 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decision-making about palliative care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) consists of many different treatment-related decisions, and there generally is no best treatment option. Decision support systems (DSS), e.g., prognostic calculators, can aid oncologists' decision-making. DSS that contain features tailored to the needs of oncologists are more likely to be implemented in clinical practice. Therefore, our aim is to inventory colorectal cancer specialists' unmet decision support needs. METHODS We asked oncologists from the Dutch colorectal cancer group (DCCG), to participate in an online inventory questionnaire on their unmet decision support needs. To get more in-depth insight in required features of the DSS they need, we also conducted semi-structured telephone interviews. RESULTS Forty-one oncologists started the inventory questionnaire, and 27 of them completed all items. Of all respondents, 18 were surgeons (44%), 22 were medical oncologists (54%), and 28 (68%) had more than 10 years of experience treating mCRC. In both the inventory questionnaire and interviews, respondents expressed a need for an overarching DSS incorporating multiple treatment options, and presenting both the treatment benefits and harms. Respondents found it relevant for other outcomes, such as cost-effectiveness of treatment or quality of life, to be incorporated in DSS. There was also a wish for DSS incorporating an up-to-date "personalized" overview of the ongoing trials for which a specific patient is eligible. CONCLUSIONS Experienced oncologists indicate that their treatment advice is currently almost solely based on the available clinical guidelines. They experience a lack of good quality DSS to help them personalize their treatment advice. New tools integrating multiple treatment options and providing a broad range of clinically relevant outcomes are urgently needed to stimulate and safeguard more personalized treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G Engelhardt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, F-wing Medical Faculty building, PO Box 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dóra Révész
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, F-wing Medical Faculty building, PO Box 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Tamminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, F-wing Medical Faculty building, PO Box 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht and University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, and Palliative Care Expertise Centre, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Decision Making, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henrica C W de Vet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, F-wing Medical Faculty building, PO Box 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, F-wing Medical Faculty building, PO Box 7057 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Jiang H, Dong L, Gong F, Gu Y, Zhang H, Fan D, Sun Z. Inflammatory genes are novel prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:368-380. [PMID: 29693170 PMCID: PMC5979867 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory genes serve a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated tumors. However, as recent studies have mainly focused on the effects of single inflammatory genes on colorectal cancer (CRC), but not on the global interactions between genes, the underlying mechanisms between inflammatory genes and CRC remain unclear. In the current study, two inflammation-associated networks were constructed based on inflammatory genes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC vs. normal samples, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). These networks included an inflammation-related neighbor network (IRNN) and an inflammation-related DEG network (IRDN). Notably, the results indicated that the inflammatory genes served as important CRC-associated genes in the IRNN. Certain inflammatory genes were more likely to be network hubs and exhibited higher betweenness centralities, indicating that these inflammatory hub genes had central roles in the communication between genes in the IRNN. By contrast, in the IRDN, functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes were enriched in numerous cancer-associated functions and pathways. Subsequently, 14 genes in a module were identified in the IRDN as the potential biomarkers associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients in the GSE24550 dataset, the prognosis of which was further validated using three independent datasets (GSE24549, GSE34551 and GSE103479). All 14 genes (including BCAR1, CRK, FYN, GRB2, LCP2, PIK3R1, PLCG1, PTK2, PTPN11, PTPN6, SHC1, SOS1, SRC and SYK) in this module were inflammatory genes, emphasizing the critical role of inflammation in CRC. In conclusion, these findings based on integrated inflammation-associated networks provided a novel insight that may help elucidate the inflammation-mediated mechanisms involved in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Fangyan Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Henghun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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7
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van den Broek E, Krijgsman O, Sie D, Tijssen M, Mongera S, van de Wiel MA, Belt EJT, den Uil SH, Bril H, Stockmann HBAC, Ylstra B, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA. Genomic profiling of stage II and III colon cancers reveals APC mutations to be associated with survival in stage III colon cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73876-73887. [PMID: 27729614 PMCID: PMC5342020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor profiling of DNA alterations, i.e. gene point mutations, somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) and structural variants (SVs), improves insight into the molecular pathology of cancer and clinical outcome. Here, associations between genomic aberrations and disease recurrence in stage II and III colon cancers were investigated. A series of 114 stage II and III microsatellite stable colon cancer samples were analyzed by high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) to detect CNAs and CNA-associated chromosomal breakpoints (SVs). For 60 of these samples mutation status of APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, SMAD4, BRAF and NRAS was determined using targeted massive parallel sequencing. Loss of chromosome 18q12.1-18q12.2 occurred more frequently in tumors that relapsed than in relapse-free tumors (p < 0.001; FDR = 0.13). In total, 267 genes were recurrently affected by SVs (FDR < 0.1). CNAs and SVs were not associated with disease-free survival (DFS). Mutations in APC and TP53 were associated with increased CNAs. APC mutations were associated with poor prognosis in (5-fluorouracil treated) stage III colon cancers (p = 0.005; HR = 4.1), an effect that was further enhanced by mutations in MAPK pathway (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) genes. We conclude that among multiple genomic alterations in CRC, strongest associations with clinical outcome were observed for common mutations in APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mongera
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Clinical Usefulness of Tools to Support Decision-making for Palliative Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:e1-e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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van Brummelen EMJ, de Boer A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. BRAF Mutations as Predictive Biomarker for Response to Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies. Oncologist 2017; 22:864-872. [PMID: 28576857 PMCID: PMC5507642 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommended that patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer could be treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cetuximab and panitumumab only in absence of Rat-Sarcoma (RAS) mutations. In addition to the previously established biomarker Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) exon 2, cumulative evidence also shows that patients whose tumors harbor KRAS exons 3 or 4 and neuroblastoma rat-sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) exons 2, 3, and 4 mutations are found unlikely to benefit from anti-EGFR treatment.In line with the resistance of RAS mutated (mt) tumors, treatment response in BRAFmt tumors may also be altered given their important role in the EGFR signaling pathway. However, BRAF is not recommended as predictive biomarker yet because the evidence for the impact of BRAF mutations on treatment outcome is considered insufficient.This article summarizes the evidence for the impact of BRAF mutations on treatment outcome of anti-EGFR mAbs. Based on a review of literature, eight meta-analyses were included that consistently show that patients with BRAF mutations have a lack of treatment benefit of anti-EGFR mAbs. After discussing the quality and quantity of available evidence, we conclude that evidence is stronger than suggested by ESMO and ASCO. Additionally, we highlight that the quality of evidence for BRAF is even higher than for extended RAS as a biomarker. We therefore advise ESMO and ASCO to reconsider BRAF status as a predictive biomarker for response. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), therapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab is indicated in absence of RAS mutations. Cumulative evidence shows that patients with BRAF mutations, who comprise 10% of the mCRC population, do not benefit from anti-EGFR-antibody treatment. Although guidelines state that evidence for BRAF as a predictive marker is insufficient, we highlight that the quality and quantity of evidence is higher than suggested. We therefore encourage the use of BRAF as a predictive marker in order to exclude patients from therapy for whom limited treatment benefit is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M J van Brummelen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonius de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Pharmacy The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Zhang XF, Tu R, Li K, Ye P, Cui X. Tumor Suppressor PTPRJ Is a Target of miR-155 in Colorectal Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3391-3400. [PMID: 28316102 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PTPRJ is known for its antiproliferative role. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of PTPRJ has frequently been observed in various human cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), lung cancer, and breast cancer. However, the function and mechanism of PTPRJ in CRC are not well understood. At the present study, we show that ectopic expression of PTPRJ inhibits cell growth, migration, and invasiveness in CRC cell line HCT116. Moreover, PTPRJ inhibits the tumorigenecity of HCT116 in a xenograft tumor model. MiR-155, the well-known oncomiR in CRC, is identified as an upstream factor of PTPRJ. MiR-155 directly binds to the 3' untranslated region of PTPRJ mRNA and suppresses the mRNA and protein levels of PTPRJ. Furthermore, the growth-promoting and AKT signaling activation effect of miR-155 was abrogated by PTPRJ overexpression, and vice versa. Our study reveals the crucial role of miR-155/PTPRJ/AKT axis in proliferation and migration of CRC cells and suggests a therapeutic potential of PTPRJ. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3391-3400, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Rongfu Tu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Keke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiang Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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11
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Qian D, Cheng J, Ding X, Chen X, Chen X, Guan Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Er P, Qiu M, Zeng X, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Xie D, Yuan Z, Wang P, Pang Q. PinX1 suppresses tumorigenesis by negatively regulating telomerase/telomeres in colorectal carcinoma cells and is a promising molecular marker for patient prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4821-31. [PMID: 27536146 PMCID: PMC4976919 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PinX1 plays positive and negative roles in the maintenance of telomerase and telomeres, as well as in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of PinX1 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and to determine the effect of PinX1 on CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis. A total of 86 CRC patients treated with radical resection and 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The expression dynamics of PinX1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the CRC patients and 25 normal colonic mucosa controls. PinX1 expression was significantly reduced in tumor tissues as compared to normal tissues, and the rate of PinX1 protein low/negative expression in CRC and normal tissues was 60% (52/86) and 24% (6/25), respectively (P=0.037). In addition, PinX1 downregulation was significantly associated with short overall survival (P=0.016) and disease-free survival (P=0.042) in CRC patients. Cox proportional hazards model further revealed that PinX1 expression was an independent factor in predicting overall survival and disease-free survival for CRC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ectopic overexpression of PinX1 in CRC cells inhibited their proliferation, promoted apoptosis, repressed telomerase activity, and induced telomere shortening. These findings suggest that PinX1 may be a prognostic biomarker for CRC patients’ survival and that it inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by repressing telomerase activity and inducing telomere shortening. Targeting PinX1 may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiefu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang Y, Fox JT, Park YU, Elliott G, Rai G, Cai M, Sakamuru S, Huang R, Xia M, Lee K, Jeon MH, Mathew BP, Park HD, Edelmann W, Park CY, Hong SY, Maloney D, Myung K. A Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent to Treat Tumors with DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiencies. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4183-91. [PMID: 27262172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Impairing the division of cancer cells with genotoxic small molecules has been a primary goal to develop chemotherapeutic agents. However, DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells are resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Here we have identified baicalein as a small molecule that selectively kills MutSα-deficient cancer cells. Baicalein binds preferentially to mismatched DNA and induces a DNA damage response in a MMR-dependent manner. In MutSα-proficient cells, baicalein binds to MutSα to dissociate CHK2 from MutSα leading to S-phase arrest and cell survival. In contrast, continued replication in the presence of baicalein in MutSα-deficient cells results in a high number of DNA double-strand breaks and ultimately leads to apoptosis. Consistently, baicalein specifically shrinks MutSα-deficient xenograft tumors and inhibits the growth of AOM-DSS-induced colon tumors in colon-specific MSH2 knockout mice. Collectively, baicalein offers the potential of an improved treatment option for patients with tumors with a DNA MMR deficiency. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4183-91. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young-Un Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Gene Elliott
- Transgenic Mouse Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mengli Cai
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kyeryoung Lee
- Michael F. Price Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Bijoy P Mathew
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Institute of Drug Discovery, Research & Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Michael F. Price Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - David Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea.
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13
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He EY, Wyld L, Sloane MA, Canfell K, Ward RL. The molecular characteristics of colonic neoplasms in serrated polyposis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:127-37. [PMID: 27499922 PMCID: PMC4958734 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serrated polyposis is a rare disorder characterised by the presence of multiple serrated polyps in the large intestine, and an increased personal and familial risk of colorectal cancer. Knowledge of the molecular characteristics of colonic lesions which develop in this syndrome is fragmented, making it difficult to understand the underlying genetic basis of this condition. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies which evaluated the molecular characteristics of colorectal neoplasms found in individuals with serrated polyposis. We identified 4561 potentially relevant studies, but due to a lack of consensus in the reporting of findings, only fourteen studies were able to be included in the meta-analysis. BRAF mutation was found in 73% (95% CI 65-80%) of serrated polyps, 0% (95% CI 0-3%) of conventional adenomas and 49% (95%CI 33-64%) of colorectal cancers. In contrast, KRAS mutation was present in 8% (95% CI 5-11%) of serrated polyps, 3% (95% CI 0-13%) of conventional adenomas and 6% (95% CI 0-13%) of colorectal cancers. Absence of MLH1 immunostaining was found in 3% (95% CI 0-10%) of serrated polyps and 53% (95% CI 36-71%) of colorectal cancers. Overall, microsatellite instability was found in 40% (95% CI 18-64%) of colorectal cancers arising in the setting of serrated polyposis. Our results indicate that diverse molecular pathways are likely to contribute to the increased predisposition for colorectal cancer in individuals with serrated polyposis. We also propose a set of minimum standards for the reporting of future research in serrated polyposis as this is a rare syndrome and collation of research findings from different centres will be essential to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y He
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucy Wyld
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew A Sloane
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, Australia; Cancer Council NSWSydney, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, Australia; Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), University of QueenslandBrisbane, Australia
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14
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Lianos GD, Glantzounis GK. Synchronous colorectal liver metastases: treatment dilemmas and hopes for improving oncological outcomes. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1743-6. [PMID: 27020479 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Lianos
- Department of Surgery, Ioannina University Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios K Glantzounis
- Department of Surgery, Ioannina University Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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