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Qian X, Klatt S, Bennewitz K, Wohlfart DP, Lou B, Meng Y, Buettner M, Poschet G, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Sticht C, Hausser I, Fleming I, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans-2,4-Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302325. [PMID: 38059818 PMCID: PMC10811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Omega-6 fatty acids are the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids in most Western diets, while their role in diabetes remains controversial. Exposure of omega-6 fatty acids to an oxidative environment results in the generation of a highly reactive carbonyl species known as trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE). The timely and efficient detoxification of this metabolite, which has actions comparable to other reactive carbonyl species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal, is essential for disease prevention. However, the detoxification mechanism for tt-DDE remains elusive. In this study, the enzyme Aldh9a1b is identified as having a key role in the detoxification of tt-DDE. Loss of Aldh9a1b increased tt-DDE levels and resulted in an abnormal retinal vasculature and glucose intolerance in aldh9a1b-/- zebrafish. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that tt-DDE and aldh9a1b deficiency in larval and adult zebrafish induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in hyaloid vasculature is induced by aldh9a1b knockout or by tt-DDE treatment can be rescued by the insulin receptor sensitizers metformin and rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that tt-DDE is the substrate of Aldh9a1b which causes microvascular damage and impaired glucose metabolism through insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - David Philipp Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
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Habibi N, Leemaqz S, Louie JCY, Wycherley TP, Grieger JA. Dietary Strategies to Reduce Triglycerides in Women of Reproductive Age: A Simulation Modelling Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5137. [PMID: 38140396 PMCID: PMC10745529 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many women of reproductive age have poor diet quality and are at higher risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Triglycerides are a critical risk factor for chronic diseases, and although they can be influenced by diet, there are minimal dietary intervention studies identifying key foods/food groups that reduce triglycerides. We performed data simulation modelling to estimate the potential reductions in fasting triglycerides that could be achieved by different dietary strategies in reproductive age women. The model was created using data from the 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey and incorporated various factors such as demographics, nutrient intake, and plasma biomarkers. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to estimate triglyceride levels, considering nutrient intake and pre-determined covariates. Dietary scenarios were developed, reducing the consumption of processed/ultra-processed foods, while increasing the intake of minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts. A total of 606 women were included. Reducing processed foods by 50% plus increasing intakes of fruits (75-225 g/day), vegetables (75-225 g/day), or nuts (10-40 g/day) decreased triglycerides by up to 4.3%. Additionally, incorporating 80 g/day of omega 3 fish (>800 mg long-chain omega 3/100 g) decreased triglycerides by 8.2%. The clinical relevance of lowering triglycerides for cardiometabolic disease management should be tested in dietary intervention studies in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Shalem Leemaqz
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
| | - Thomas P. Wycherley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Jessica A. Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Spahr A, Divnic‐Resnik T. Impact of health and lifestyle food supplements on periodontal tissues and health. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:146-175. [PMID: 35916868 PMCID: PMC9804634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the new classification, periodontitis is defined as a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. This definition, based on the current scientific evidence, clearly indicates and emphasizes, beside the microbial component dental biofilm, the importance of the inflammatory reaction in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The idea to modulate this inflammatory reaction in order to decrease or even cease the progressive destruction was, therefore, a logical consequence. Attempts to achieve this goal involve various kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs or medications. However, there is also an increasing effort in using food supplements or so-called natural food ingredients to modulate patients' immune responses and maybe even improve the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the evidence of various food supplements and ingredients regarding their possible effects on periodontal inflammation and wound healing. This review may help researchers and clinicians to evaluate the current evidence and to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tihana Divnic‐Resnik
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Goyal A, Tanwar B, Kumar Sihag M, Sharma V. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.): An emerging source of nutrients, omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals. Food Chem 2021; 373:131459. [PMID: 34731811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) (SI) is an oleaginous plant producing oil and protein-rich seeds. It has been cultivated for centuries and is native to the tropical rainforest of the Amazon region of South America including parts of Peru and northwestern Brazil. At present, SI seeds are emerging as a potential source of macro- and micronutrients, α-linolenic acid and phytochemicals. This review attempts to elucidate the nutrients, phytonutrients, safety, toxicity, health benefits and food applications of SI seed. Recent scientific studies have associated the consumption of SI seed/oil with reduced risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, lack of awareness and in-depth understanding has resulted in it being neglected both at the consumer and industrial level. In all, SI is an underutilized and undervalued oleaginous crop which not only has the potential to mitigate food and nutritional insecurity but also offers humongous opportunities for the development of novel value-added food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Goyal
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manvesh Kumar Sihag
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, India.
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Öztürk Er E, Şahin A, Bakırdere S. Accurate, sensitive determination of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human plasma, urine samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4951. [PMID: 32706403 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human plasma and urine with high accuracy and precision provides significant information to monitor the underlying etiology of several diseases. In this regard, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a good choice owing to its great selectivity and sensitivity. Additionally, the hybrid quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer systems provides easy identification of target compounds with superior mass measurements. In this study, an analytical method has been developed for simple, accurate and simultaneous determination of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in a short chromatographic analysis period. The developed method is suitable for the quantitative detection of these four compounds with detection limits ranging between 1.1-3.0 ng ml-1 and its applicability was assessed in human urine and plasma samples. As a result, acceptable accuracy (between 83 and 111%) and good precision (<6%) were obtained for target compounds using matrix matching calibration strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Öztürk Er
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Şahin
- Department of Pediatric, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Choudhury P, Dutta KN, Singh A, Malakar D, Pillai M, Talukdar NC, Samanta SK, Devi R. Assessment of nutritional value and quantitative analysis of bioactive phytochemicals through targeted LC-MS/MS method in selected scented and pigmented rice varietals. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1781-1792. [PMID: 32468588 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scented (joha) and black rice indigenous to northeast region (NER) of India are the two among 40,000 varieties of species Oryza sativa, prevalent for its great aroma, medicinal property, and/or equally noteworthy taste. Biochemical and target-based liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis was performed to identify and quantify the different phytonutrients from the selected rice grains of those two varieties. Biochemical assay revealed that the selected black rice (Chakhao Amubi) contains ∼1.8-fold higher amount of total phenolic and ∼2.3-fold higher amount of total flavonoid than the scented rice grain (Kon joha). The total starch content was significantly lower in scented rice in comparison to black rice grain. The health beneficial ratio of ω-6/ω-3 essential unsaturated fatty acid is notably better in scented rice grain than black rice grain. The targeted LC-MS/MS analysis confirms the presence of oryzanol and ferulic acid in both the samples. The presence of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, apigenin, tricin, avenasterol, coumarin, coumaric acid, phenyl alanine, caffeic acid, and α-tocophenol were confirmed in the scented rice, whereas the black rice confirms the presence of protocatechuic acid and dehydroxy myricetin. Further the quantitative analysis showed that the lipids lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) 16:0, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) 14:0, lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) 18:2, LPE 18:2, phosphatidyl etanolamine (PE), along with oryzanol, hydroxy docosanoic acid are at least threefold higher in scented rice varietal; whereas, in Chakhao Amubi, the content of petunidin galactoside, LMMPE18:2, PC14:0 are higher than the scented rice grain. In conclusion, different phytonutrients including phenol, polyphenol, and flavonoid have been identified as bioactive phytochemicals in selected rice varietals. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work will provide the information about the nutritional benefit of studied rice varietals. The used targeted LC-MS/MS analysis will provide the one-step information about the bioactive phytochemicals. Overall, this study will help to commercialize those varieties with proper scientific evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Choudhury
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Krishna N Dutta
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | | | | | | | - Narayan C Talukdar
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
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Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Brain Following Ozone Exposure in Rats Maintained on Coconut, Fish and Olive Oil-Rich Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246303. [PMID: 31847143 PMCID: PMC6941048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids offer cardioprotection against air pollution, but these protections have not been established in the brain. We tested whether diets rich in omega-3 or -6 fatty acids offered neuroprotective benefits, by measuring mitochondrial complex enzyme I, II and IV activities and oxidative stress measures in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of male rats that were fed either a normal diet, or a diet enriched with fish oil olive oil, or coconut oil followed by exposure to either filtered air or ozone (0.8 ppm) for 4 h/day for 2 days. Results show that mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the cerebellum, hypothalamus and hippocampus by diets. Complex II enzyme activity was significantly lower in frontal cortex and cerebellum of rats maintained on all test diets. Complex IV enzyme activity was significantly lower in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus of animals maintained on fish oil. Ozone exposure decreased complex I and II activity in the cerebellum of rats maintained on the normal diet, an effect blocked by diet treatments. While diet and ozone have no apparent influence on endogenous reactive oxygen species production, they do affect antioxidant levels in the brain. Fish oil was the only diet that ozone exposure did not alter. Microglial morphology and GFAP immunoreactivity were assessed across diet groups; results indicated that fish oil consistently decreased reactive microglia in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. These results indicate that acute ozone exposure alters mitochondrial bioenergetics in brain and co-treatment with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids alleviate some adverse effects within the brain.
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Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092022. [PMID: 31466350 PMCID: PMC6770316 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the plasma FFA profile of subjects with T2DM changes is unclear, but it is thought that dietary fats and changes to lipid metabolism are likely to contribute. Therefore, establishing the changes in concentrations of specific FFAs in an individual’s plasma is important. Each type of FFA has different effects on physiological processes, including the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, inflammation, endocrine signalling and the composition and properties of cellular membranes. Alterations in such processes due to altered plasma FFA concentrations/profiles can potentially result in the development of insulin resistance and coagulatory defects. Finally, fibrates and statins, lipid-regulating drugs prescribed to subjects with T2DM, are also thought to exert part of their beneficial effects by impacting on plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, it is also interesting to consider their effects on the concentration of FFAs in plasma. Collectively, we review how FFAs are altered in T2DM and explore the likely downstream physiological and pathological implications of such changes.
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Orang Z, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Sivandzadeh G, Pantovic A. The effect of omega-3 supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Orang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - GholamReza Sivandzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Randolph CE, Foreman DJ, Betancourt SK, Blanksby SJ, McLuckey SA. Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions Involving Tris-Phenanthroline Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes as Charge Inversion Reagents for the Identification of Fatty Acids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12861-12869. [PMID: 30260210 PMCID: PMC6688842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) play vital biological roles as energy sources, signaling molecules and key building blocks of complex lipids in cell membranes. Modifications to FA structure and composition are associated with the onset and progression of a number of chronic diseases. Consequently, the sensitive detection and unambiguous structure elucidation of FA is integral to the advancement of biomedical sciences. Recent advances in FA analysis have taken advantage of wet chemical derivatization to enhance detection and drive unique fragmentation in tandem mass spectrometry protocols. Here, we significantly further this approach through demonstrating gas-phase charge inversion of singly deprotonated FA ions, [M - H]-, using doubly charged tris-phenanthroline alkaline earth metal complexes, [Cat(Phen)3]2+ (Cat = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+). Metal cationized FA, [M - H + Cat]+ are obtained after the gas-phase ion/ion reaction. Low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the [M - H + Cat]+ cations facilitates double bond localization for a variety of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAs. Ultimately, detailed characterization presented unambiguous distinction among FA double bond positional isomers, such as n-3 and n-6 isomers. The method was successfully used to identify the FA profile of corn oil, including double bond localization for unsaturated FAs present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Randolph
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - David J. Foreman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Stella K. Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Scott A. McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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Ma H, Chen P, Sang C, Huang D, Geng Q, Wang L. Modulation of apoptosis-related microRNAs following myocardial infarction in fat-1 transgenic mice vs wild-type mice. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5698-5707. [PMID: 30589501 PMCID: PMC6201345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFAs) may support cardiac healing after MI, but the mechanism is unclear. METHODS The fat-1 transgenic mouse expresses a ω-3 fatty acid desaturase which converts ω-6 PUFAs to ω-3 PUFAs in vivo. MI was induced in fat-1 transgenic (n = 30) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 30) using permanent ligation. Other transgenic and WT mice underwent sham procedure (n = 30 and n = 30, respectively). One week after occlusion, cardiac function was measured by echocardiography and the infarct size was assessed using histology and miRNA microarray profiling. Expression of selected miRNA was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS One week following MI, the fat-1 transgenic myocardium had better cardiac function, a smaller fibrotic area, and fewer apoptotic cardiomyocytes than WT myocardium. Post-MI profiling showed 33 miRNAs that were significantly up-regulated, and 35 were down-regulated, in fat-1 group compared to the WT group (n = 3 and n = 2 mice, respectively). Among selected apoptosis-associated miRNAs, 9 miRNAs were up-regulated (miR-101a-3p, miR-128-3p,miR-133a-5p,miR-149-5p,miR-192-5p,miR-1a-3p,miR-208a-3p,miR-29c-5p,miR-30c-2-3p), and 3 were down-regulated (miR-210-3p,miR-21a-3p,miR-214-3p) in fat-1 transgenic mice compared with WT mice. Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated likely roles for these miRNAs in MI. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression was increased, and caspase-3 decreased, in infarcted fat-1 transgenic mouse hearts compared to WT hearts. CONCLUSIONS ω-3 PUFAs may have a protective effect on cardiomyocytes following MI through their modulation of apoptosis-related miRNAs and target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ma
- Cardic Rehabilitation DepartmentGuangdong General HospitalGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Peipei Chen
- Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuanlan Sang
- Laboratory of Experimental AnimalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Daozheng Huang
- Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Geriatric InstituteGuangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Guangdong General HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Yu EA, Hu PJ, Mehta S. Plasma fatty acids in de novo lipogenesis pathway are associated with diabetogenic indicators among adults: NHANES 2003-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:622-632. [PMID: 30535092 PMCID: PMC6915820 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin regulates fatty acids (FAs) in the blood; conversely, FAs may mediate insulin sensitivity and are potentially modifiable risk factors of the diabetogenic state. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the associations between plasma concentrations of FAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals (n = 1433) in the NHANES (2003-2004). Design Plasma concentrations of 24 individual FAs were considered individually and in subgroups, per chemical structure. Study participants were categorized in diabetogenic groups: Group 1 (HbA1c ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7% to <6.5% or FPG 100 to <126 mg/dL), and Group 3 (HbA1c <5.7% and FPG <100 mg/dL). We assessed associations between diabetogenic groups and plasma FAs in multivariate multinomial regressions (with Group 3 as the reference). Results Overall, 7.0% of study participants were in Group 1; 33.3% were in Group 2. Plasma concentrations of several individual FAs, including even-chain saturated FAs (SFAs; myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; cis-vaccenic, oleic acids), were respectively associated with greater odds of Groups 1 and 2 status, adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of SFA and MUFA subgroups (highest compared with lowest quartile) were associated with increased odds of Group 2 status [SFAs adjusted OR (aOR): 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.18); MUFAs aOR: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.85)]. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentration was associated with decreased odds of Group 1 status [quartile 4 aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.95)]. Conclusions Higher plasma concentrations of SFAs and MUFAs, primary de novo lipogenesis products, were associated with elevated FPG and HbA1c in a nationally representative study population in the United States. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate potential causal relationships between FAs (from endogenous production and dietary consumption) and diabetogenic indicators, as well as clinical implications for managing diabetes and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Neuman JC, Fenske RJ, Kimple ME. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites: Implications for diabetes pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2017; 4:127-140. [PMID: 28447067 PMCID: PMC5391679 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Neuman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel J. Fenske
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveDietary fatty acid composition likely affects prediabetic conditions such as isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); however, this risk has not been evaluated in a large population nor has it been followed prospectively.DesignDiet, physical activity, anthropometric, socio-economic and blood glucose data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were obtained from BioLINCC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations of dietary SFA, MUFA, PUFA,n-3 fatty acid (FA) andn-6 FA intakes with incidence of one (isolated IFG) or two (IFG with IGT) prediabetic conditions at the end of 12-year follow-up.SettingStudy volunteers were from counties in North Carolina, Mississippi, Minnesota and Maryland, USA.SubjectsData from 5288 volunteers who participated in the ARIC study were used for all analyses reported herein.ResultsThe study population was 62% male and 84 % white, mean age 53·5 (sd5·7) years and mean BMI 26·2 (sd4·6) kg/m2. A moderately high intake of dietary MUFA (10–15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % reduced risk of isolated IFG incidence, while a high intake ofn-3 FA (>0·15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % increase in risk. Curiously, moderately high intake ofn-6 PUFA (4–5 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 12 % reduction in IFG and IGT incidence.ConclusionsMUFA,n-3 andn-6 FA contribute differently to the development of isolated IFGv. IFG with IGT; and their mechanism may be more complex than originally proposed.
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Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Hogue JC, Couture P. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Has No Effect on Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Kinetics in Men with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2909210. [PMID: 27034958 PMCID: PMC4789436 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2909210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed to modulate plasma lipids, lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory state and to reduce triglyceride (TG) concentrations. The present double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation at 3 g/d for 8 weeks on the intravascular kinetics of intestinally derived apolipoprotein (apo) B-48-containing lipoproteins in 10 men with type 2 diabetes. In vivo kinetics of the TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apoB-48 and VLDL apoB-100 were assessed using a primed-constant infusion of L-[5,5,5-D3] leucine for 12 hours in a fed state. Compared with the placebo, n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced fasting TG concentrations by -9.7% (P = 0.05) but also significantly increased plasma levels of cholesterol (C) (+6.0%, P = 0.05), LDL-C (+12.2%, P = 0.04), and HDL-C (+8.4, P = 0.007). n-3 PUFA supplementation had no significant impact on postprandial TRL apoB-48 and VLDL apoB-100 levels or on the production or catabolic rates of these lipoproteins. These data indicate that 8-week supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in men with type 2 diabetes has no beneficial effect on TRL apoB-48 and VLDL apoB-100 levels or kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J. Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Charles Hogue
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- CHUQ Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
- *Patrick Couture:
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16
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Mikaelyan NP, Terentev AA, Nguen KH, Mikaelyan AV, Novikova SA. [Changes of blood fatty acid in women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:760-4. [PMID: 26716749 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM2) in women are accompanied by atherogenic dyslipidemia, with the activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as disturbances in the antioxidant defense system (ADS). DM2 due to imbalance in LPO-ADS is accompanied by a high concentration of LPO products, decreased parameters of antioxidant systems and timpaired utilization of glucose by cells. The results obtained in this study suggest an important role of fatty acids and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of obesity and DM2, which should be taken into consideration during design and selection of appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at prevention or elimination of the violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Mikaelyan
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Terentev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - K H Nguen
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Mikaelyan
- Moscow Regional SRI Obstatrics and Ginecology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Novikova
- Moscow Regional SRI Obstatrics and Ginecology, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Bhardwaj K, Verma N, Trivedi R, Bhardwaj S. Flaxseed Oil and Diabetes: A Systemic Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2015.135.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Serhiyenko VA, Serhiyenko AA. Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Do we have any treatment perspectives? World J Diabetes 2015; 6:245-258. [PMID: 25789106 PMCID: PMC4360418 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite its relationship to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and its association with multiple symptoms and impairments, the significance of CAN has not been fully appreciated. CAN among DM patients is characterized review the latest evidence and own data regarding the treatment and the treatment perspectives for diabetic CAN. Lifestyle modification, intensive glycemic control might prevent development or progression of CAN. Pathogenetic treatment of CAN includes: balanced diet and physical activity; optimization of glycemic control; treatment of dyslipoproteinemia; correction of metabolic abnormalities in myocardium; prevention and treatment of thrombosis; use of aldose reductase inhibitors; dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), acetyl-L-carnitine, antioxidants, first of all α-lipoic acid (α-LA), use of long-chain ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs), vasodilators, fat-soluble vitamin B1, aminoguanidine; substitutive therapy of growth factors, in severe cases-treatment of orthostatic hypotension. The promising methods include research and use of tools that increase blood flow through the vasa vasorum, including prostacyclin analogues, thromboxane A2 blockers and drugs that contribute into strengthening and/or normalization of Na+, K+-ATPase (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), α-LA, DGLA, ω-3 PUFAs, and the simultaneous prescription of α-LA, ω-3 PUFA and DGLA.
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Lee TC, Ivester P, Hester AG, Sergeant S, Case LD, Morgan T, Kouba EO, Chilton FH. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid-based dietary supplements on disease biomarkers in a metabolic syndrome/diabetes population. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:196. [PMID: 25515553 PMCID: PMC4290816 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been proposed to influence several chronic diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD) and type-2 diabetes (T2D).There is strong evidence that omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs provide protection against CHD and biomarkers of atherosclerosis. In contrast, there is more limited and inconsistent data for T2D. Few studies have examined the impact of n-3 PUFA-containing botanical oils on T2D. Methods Fifty-nine subjects with early-stageT2D or metabolic syndrome participated in an 8-week, randomized, single-blind, parallel intervention study and were provided PUFA-containing oils. Individuals received either corn oil (CO), a botanical oil (BO) combination (borage [Borago officinalis L.]/echium oil [Echium plantagineum L.]) or fish oil (FO). The BO combination was enriched in alpha-linolenic, gamma-linolenic, and stearidonic acids and the FO in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Serum fatty acids and other serum lipids(triglycerides and total, HDL and LDL cholesterol), as well as markers of inflammation (leptin, and C-reactive protein) and glucose regulation (glucose and hemoglobin A1c) were assessed from fasting participants at baseline and after the intervention. Results Compliance was verified by expected increases in specific PUFAs in each of the three oil arms. Participants in the CO group showed no differences in serum lipids, markers of inflammation or glucose regulation between pre- and post-treatment measures. Supplementation with BO significantly lowered total and LDL cholesterol levels and FO reduced serum triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c and increased HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion Short-term dietary supplementation with BO and FO improved biomarkers associated with T2D/metabolic syndrome. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov NCT01145066
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd,, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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20
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Di Girolamo FG, Situlin R, Mazzucco S, Valentini R, Toigo G, Biolo G. Omega-3 fatty acids and protein metabolism: enhancement of anabolic interventions for sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:145-50. [PMID: 24500439 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increased age observed in most countries, with the associated higher rates of chronic illnesses and cancer, and a diffuse sedentary lifestyle, will increase the number of patients with clinically relevant anabolic resistance, sarcopenia and its complications. The need for solutions to this major health issue is, therefore, pressing. RECENT FINDINGS The metabolic derangements and other consequences associated with sarcopenia can be slowed or even prevented by specific nutritional interventions. New evidence is available about the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation to improve protein metabolism and counteract anabolic resistance through indirect effects. Studies show that the anabolic stimuli from substrates (e.g. amino acids or proteins), hormones (e.g. insulin) and/or physical activity in skeletal muscle can be enhanced by long-term fish oil administration. SUMMARY The review of data from recent studies on this topic suggests that dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, in association with an anabolic stimulus, could potentially provide a safe, simple and low-cost intervention to counteract anabolic resistance and sarcopenia. This intervention may contribute to prevent cachexia and disabilities. Supplementation should be given in the earlier stages of sarcopenia (e.g. precachexia). Further research should, however, be performed to better understand the mechanisms involved and the best dosage and timing of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- aClinica Medica AOUTS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste bOrthopedic Unit AOUTS cGeriatric Unit AOUTS, Trieste, Italy
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FLACHS P, ROSSMEISL M, KOPECKY J. The Effect of n-3 Fatty Acids on Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S93-118. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent major complications of obesity and associated metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome). This review focuses on the effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3) on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, which are improved by omega-3 in many animal models of metabolic syndrome, but remain frequently unaffected in humans. Here we focus on: (i) mechanistic aspects of omega-3 action, reflecting also our experiments in dietary obese mice; and (ii) recent studies analysing omega-3’s effects in various categories of human subjects. Most animal experiments document beneficial effects of omega-3 on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism even under conditions of established obesity and insulin resistance. Besides positive results obtained in both cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies on healthy human populations, also some intervention studies in prediabetic subjects document amelioration of impaired glucose homeostasis by omega-3. However, the use of omega-3 to reduce a risk of new-onset diabetes in prediabetic subjects still remains to be further characterized. The results of a majority of clinical trials performed in T2D patients suggest that omega-3 have none or marginal effects on metabolic control, while effectively reducing hypertriglyceridemia in these patients. Despite most of the recent randomized clinical trials do not support the role of omega-3 in secondary prevention of CVD, this issue remains still controversial. Combined interventions using omega-3 and antidiabetic or hypolipidemic drugs should be further explored and considered for treatment of patients with T2D and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. KOPECKY
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mahendran Y, Cederberg H, Vangipurapu J, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Kuusisto J, Uusitupa M, Ala-Korpela M, Laakso M. Glycerol and fatty acids in serum predict the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in Finnish men. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:3732-8. [PMID: 24026559 PMCID: PMC3816902 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of fasting serum glycerol and fatty acids (FAs) as predictors for worsening of hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the population-based METabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) Study included 9,398 Finnish men (mean age 57 ± 7 years). At baseline, levels of serum glycerol, free FAs (FFAs), and serum FA profile, relative to total FAs, were measured with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS At baseline, levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, saturated FAs, and monounsaturated n-7 and -9 FAs, relative to total FAs, were increased in categories of fasting and 2-h hyperglycemia, whereas the levels of n-3 and n-6 FAs, relative to total FAs, decreased (N = 9,398). Among 4,335 men with 4.5-year follow-up data available, 276 developed type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, and saturated and monounsaturated n-7 and -9 FAs, relative to total FAs, predicted worsening of hyperglycemia and development of incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounding factors. n-6 FAs, mainly linoleic acid (LA), relative to total FAs, were associated with reduced risk for the worsening of hyperglycemia and conversion to type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our large population-based study shows that fasting serum levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, saturated FAs, and n-7 and -9 FAs are biomarkers for an increased risk of development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes, whereas high levels of serum n-6 FAs, reflecting dietary intake of LA, were associated with reduced risk for hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
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Yang K, Dilthey BG, Gross RW. Identification and quantitation of fatty acid double bond positional isomers: a shotgun lipidomics approach using charge-switch derivatization. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9742-50. [PMID: 24003890 DOI: 10.1021/ac402104u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The specific locations of double bonds in mammalian lipids have profound effects on biological membrane structure, dynamics and lipid second messenger production. Herein, we describe a shotgun lipidomics approach that exploits charge-switch derivatization with N-(4-aminomethylphenyl) pyridinium (AMPP) and tandem mass spectrometry for identification and quantification of fatty acid double bond positional isomers. Through charge-switch derivatization of fatty acids followed by positive-ion mode ionization and fragmentation analysis, a marked increase in analytic sensitivity (low fmol/μL) and the identification of double bond positional isomers can be obtained. Specifically, the locations of proximal double bonds in AMPP-derivatized fatty acids are identified by diagnostic fragment ions resulting from the markedly reduced 1,4-hydrogen elimination from the proximal olefinic carbons. Additional fragmentation patterns resulting from allylic cleavages further substantiated the double bond position assignments. Moreover, quantification of fatty acid double bond positional isomers is achieved by the linear relationship of the normalized intensities of characteristic fragment ions vs the isomeric compositions of discrete fatty acid positional isomers. The application of this approach for the analysis of fatty acids in human serum demonstrated the existence of two double bond isomers of linolenic acid (i.e., Δ(6,9,12) 18:3, γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and Δ(9,12,15) 18:3, α-linolenic acid (ALA)). Remarkably, the isomeric ratio of GLA vs ALA esterified in neutral lipids was 3-fold higher than the ratio of their nonesterified moieties. Through this developed method, previously underestimated or unidentified alterations in fatty acid structural isomers can be determined facilitating the identification of novel biomarkers and maladaptive alterations in lipid metabolism during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and ‡Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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