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Kim DU, Na JY, Paik SS, Jee S, Lee YH, Kim YJ. Mucosal distribution of somatostatin-secreting gastric Delta cells in children with gastrointestinal reflux diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1275842. [PMID: 37928353 PMCID: PMC10623155 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1275842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastric delta cells (D-cells) secrete somatostatin, which is the primary paracrine suppressor of acid secretion. The number and distribution of D-cells were investigated in children exhibiting endoscopic findings of duodenogastric and gastroesophageal reflux. This study aimed to determine whether the number of D-cells in the gastric body differs from that in the gastric antrum in children using endoscopic findings. Methods We retrospectively used immunohistochemical assessments to determine the number of D-cells in the gastric body and antrum in 102 children who presented with abdominal symptoms. The number and distribution of D-cells were investigated according to symptoms, endoscopic findings of gastroesophageal reflux and duodenogastric reflux, and Helicobacter pylori infection status. Results The average age of the patients was 13.3 ± 3.3 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.68. The mean number of D-cells per high-power field in the antrum and body did not significantly differ by symptoms. However, these values were significantly lower in the gastric body than in the antrum for all symptoms (p < 0.05). Children with reflux had a higher mean number of D-cells (9.6 ± 8.8) in the gastric body than did those without reflux (4.3 ± 3.4) (p = 0.007). Furthermore, the number of D-cells in the gastric body was marginally significantly lower in Helicobacter pylori-positive children (4.9 ± 6.5) than in Helicobacter pylori-negative children (8.5 ± 8.2) (p = 0.053). Conclusion The number of D-cells in the gastric body decreased in Helicobacter pylori-positive children but significantly increased in children with duodenogastric reflux. Therefore, somatostatin peptide secretion by D-cells may be a major pathophysiological pathway in gastrointestinal reflux disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Uk Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Na
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyun Jee
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chen X, Liu Y, Pu J, Gui S, Wang D, Zhong X, Tao W, Chen X, Chen W, Chen Y, Qiao R, Xie P. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Age-Related Microbial and Metabolite Alterations in Non-Human Primates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2406. [PMID: 37894064 PMCID: PMC10609416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a systemic physiological degenerative process, with alterations in gut microbiota and host metabolism. However, due to the interference of multiple confounding factors, aging-associated molecular characteristics have not been elucidated completely. Therefore, based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomic detection, our study systematically analyzed the composition and function of the gut microbiome, serum, and fecal metabolome of 36 male rhesus monkeys spanning from 3 to 26 years old, which completely covers juvenile, adult, and old stages. We observed significant correlations between 41 gut genera and age. Moreover, 86 fecal and 49 serum metabolites exhibited significant age-related correlations, primarily categorized into lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic oxygen compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Further results suggested that aging is associated with significant downregulation of various amino acids constituting proteins, elevation of lipids, particularly saturated fatty acids, and steroids. Additionally, age-dependent changes were observed in multiple immune-regulatory molecules, antioxidant stress metabolites, and neurotransmitters. Notably, multiple age-dependent genera showed strong correlations in these changes. Together, our results provided new evidence for changing characteristics of gut microbes and host metabolism during aging. However, more research is needed in the future to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Renjie Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.C.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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3
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Felípez N, Montori S, Mendizuri N, Llach J, Delgado PG, Moreira L, Santamaría E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Albéniz E. The Human Gastric Juice: A Promising Source for Gastric Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119131. [PMID: 37298081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major public health problem worldwide, with high mortality rates due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Biomarker research is essential to improve the early detection of GC. Technological advances and research methodologies have improved diagnostic tools, identifying several potential biomarkers for GC, including microRNA, DNA methylation markers, and protein-based biomarkers. Although most studies have focused on identifying biomarkers in biofluids, the low specificity of these markers has limited their use in clinical practice. This is because many cancers share similar alterations and biomarkers, so obtaining them from the site of disease origin could yield more specific results. As a result, recent research efforts have shifted towards exploring gastric juice (GJ) as an alternative source for biomarker identification. Since GJ is a waste product during a gastroscopic examination, it could provide a "liquid biopsy" enriched with disease-specific biomarkers generated directly at the damaged site. Furthermore, as it contains secretions from the stomach lining, it could reflect changes associated with the developmental stage of GC. This narrative review describes some potential biomarkers for gastric cancer screening identified in gastric juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Felípez
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sheyla Montori
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naroa Mendizuri
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joan Llach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro G Delgado
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Mérida, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Albéniz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Geng S, Li Q, Zhou X, Zheng J, Liu H, Zeng J, Yang R, Fu H, Hao F, Feng Q, Qi B. Gut commensal E. coli outer membrane proteins activate the host food digestive system through neural-immune communication. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1401-1416.e8. [PMID: 36057258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract facilitates food digestion, with the gut microbiota playing pivotal roles in nutrient breakdown and absorption. However, the microbial molecules and downstream signaling pathways that activate food digestion remain unexplored. Here, by establishing a food digestion system in C. elegans, we discover that food breakdown is regulated by the interaction between bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and a neural-immune pathway. E. coli OmpF/A activate digestion by increasing the neuropeptide NLP-12 that acts on the receptor CCKR. NLP-12 is homologous to mammalian cholecystokinin, known to stimulate dopamine, and we found that loss of dopamine receptors or addition of a dopamine antagonist inhibited OMP-mediated digestion. Dopamine and NLP-12-CKR-1 converge to inhibit PMK-1/p38 innate immune signaling. Moreover, directly inhibiting PMK-1/p38 boosts food digestion. This study uncovers a role of bacterial OMPs in regulating animal nutrient uptake and supports a key role for innate immunity in digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Geng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Junkang Zheng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Herui Fu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fanrui Hao
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qianxu Feng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Qi
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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5
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Milajerdi A, Bagheri F, Mousavi SM, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Breakfast skipping and prevalence of heartburn syndrome among Iranian adults. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2173-2181. [PMID: 33184767 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available linking breakfast consumption to Heart Burn Syndrome (HBS). This study was done to investigate to find whether breakfast consumption is associated with HBS. This cross-sectional study was done to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and HBS among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among 4763 general adults of Isfahan, Iran. Participants' patterns of breakfast eating were assessed by asking two questions from them. How often do you eat breakfast in a week?" Participants were able to respond as: "never or 1 day/wk", "2-4 days/wk", "5-6 days/wk", "every day". HBS was defined as the presence of HBS at sometimes, often or always using a Persian version of validated self-administered modified ROME III questionnaire. RESULTS Totally, 4763 patients with HBS completed this cross-sectional study, where about 32.4% of them intake breakfast less than one time per week. After controlling for potential confounders, participants who consumed breakfast every day had a 43% lower risk for having HBS as compared with those who had breakfast ≤ 1 times/wk (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41-0.80). A significant inverse relationship was found between breakfast consumption and frequent than scare HBS (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.40-0.77) among the whole population, not in patients with HBS. No significant association was observed between breakfast intake and severity of HBS (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.31-1.04). CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between frequency of breakfast consumption and odds of HBS as well as the frequency of HBS among the adult population. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Amigo L, Hernández-Ledesma B. Current Evidence on the Bioavailability of Food Bioactive Peptides. Molecules 2020; 25:E4479. [PMID: 33003506 PMCID: PMC7582556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-derived bioactive peptides are recognized as valuable ingredients of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, although peptides have been demonstrated to exert multiple benefits by biochemical assays, cell culture, and animal models, the ability to translate the new findings into practical or commercial uses remains delayed. This fact is mainly due to the lack of correlation of in vitro findings with in vivo functions of peptides because of their low bioavailability. Once ingested, peptides need to resist the action of digestive enzymes during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract and cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target organs in an intact and active form to exert their health-promoting properties. Thus, for a better understanding of the in vivo physiological effects of food bioactive peptides, extensive research studies on their gastrointestinal stability and transport are needed. This review summarizes the most current evidence on those factors affecting the digestive and absorptive processes of food bioactive peptides, the recently designed models mimicking the gastrointestinal environment, as well as the novel strategies developed and currently applied to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Research in Food Sciences (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI-UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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7
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Kim DU, Moon JH, Lee YH, Paik SS, Kim Y, Kim YJ. Analysis of Somatostatin-Secreting Gastric Delta Cells according to Upper Abdominal Symptoms and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2020; 23:243-250. [PMID: 32483545 PMCID: PMC7231749 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric delta cells (D-cells), which are somatostatin-secreting cells, are the main paracrine inhibitor of acid secretion. The number of D-cells was studied in children presenting with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) disease. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the number of D-cells in the gastric body and antrum through immunofluorescence examinations according to symptoms, endoscopic findings, and Helicobacter pylori infection in 75 children who visited Hanyang University Hospital Pediatrics. RESULTS The mean patient age was 12.2±3.3 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.4. The mean D-cell number per high-power field in the antrum and body was 20.5 and 12 in children with substernal pain, 18.3 and 10.3 in vomiting, 22.3 and 6 in diarrhea, and 9.3 and 6 in abdominal pain, respectively (p>0.05). According to endoscopic findings, the mean D-cell number in the antrum and body was 14.3 and 6 with gastritis, 14 and 9.3 with reflux esophagitis, 16.7 and 8.7 with duodeno-gastric reflux, 19.3 and 12.7 with gastric ulcer, 16 and 13.7 with duodenitis, and 12.3 and 4 with duodenal ulcer, respectively (p>0.05). The D-cell number in the gastric body was 2.7 and 8.7 in children with current H. pylori infection and non-infected children, respectively (p=0.01), while those in the antrum were 15.5 and 14, respectively, with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION The D-cell number was lower in the gastric body of children with current H. pylori infection. Further studies concerning peptide-secreting cells with a control group would provide information about the pathogenic pathways of UGI disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Uk Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sanches E, Timmermans M, Topal B, Celik A, Sundbom M, Ribeiro R, Parmar C, Ugale S, Proczko M, Stepaniak PS, Pujol Rafols J, Mahawar K, Buise MP, Neimark A, Severin R, Pouwels S. Cardiac remodeling in obesity and after bariatric and metabolic surgery; is there a role for gastro-intestinal hormones? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:771-790. [PMID: 31746657 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1690991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It affects several organ systems, including the pulmonary and cardiac systems. Furthermore, it induces pulmonary and cardiac changes that can result in right and/or left heart failure.Areas covered: In this review, authors provide an overview of obesity and cardiovascular remodeling, the individual actions of the gut hormones (like GLP-1 and PYY), the effects after bariatric/metabolic surgery and its influence on cardiac remodeling. In this review, we focussed and searched for literature in Pubmed and The Cochrane library (from the earliest date until April 2019), regarding cardiac function changes before and after bariatric surgery and literature regarding changes in gastrointestinal hormones.Expert opinion: Regarding the surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases there is recognition of the importance of both weight loss (bariatric surgery) and improvement in metabolic milieu (metabolic surgery). A growing body of evidence further suggests that bariatric surgical procedures [like the Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), or One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)] have can improve outcomes of patients suffering from a number of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Sanches
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Timmermans
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Besir Topal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alper Celik
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Sisli, Turkey
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centro Multidisciplinar da Doença Metabólica, Clínica de Santo António, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Department of Surgery, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - Surendra Ugale
- Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Kirloskar Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Gdansk University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pieter S Stepaniak
- Department of Operating Rooms, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kamal Mahawar
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
| | - Marc P Buise
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Neimark
- Department of Surgery, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rich Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Yoshioka M, Watanabe T, Iida M, Nakagawa Y, Uchinami H, Watanabe G, Abe Y, Yagi F, Yokoyama N, Yamamoto Y. Effect of Lansoprazole on the Control of the Intragastric pH in a Patient with Short Bowel Syndrome. Intern Med 2019; 58:1723-1726. [PMID: 30799357 PMCID: PMC6630122 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2221-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old man suffered from short bowel syndrome. Since a large amount of intestinal output and watery diarrhea hampered his quality of life, we tried to control the intestinal output by reducing the secretion of gastric acid with lansoprazole. Because the small intestine was only 10 cm in length and effective absorption of oral lansoprazole was doubtful, we monitored his intragastric pH for 24 hours and confirmed that the holding time above pH 3.0 was 14.5 hours (60.4%). He spent his home life eating porridge during the day, and receiving total parenteral nutrition of 1,100 mL/day at night while taking lansoprazole as an oral tablet (30 mg) once a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tasuku Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatake Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchinami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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10
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Crowe MS, Kinsey SG. MAGL inhibition modulates gastric secretion and motility following NSAID exposure in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:198-204. [PMID: 28478068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are common analgesic drugs that also cause well-known, negative gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The physiological mechanism(s) of NSAID-induced GI damage are unclear and are likely due to multiple causes. The most studied contributing mechanisms are increased gastric acid secretion and increased gastric motility. The present study was designed to determine which ulcerogenic effects of the NSAID diclofenac sodium are reversed by blocking the endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Both male and female mice were used to identify possible sex differences. We hypothesized that the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 would attenuate diclofenac-induced increases in both gastric acid secretion and gastric motility. Diclofenac dose-dependently induced gastric hemorrhages to a similar extent in both male and female mice. Gastric hemorrhage severity significantly correlated with gastric levels of myeloperoxidase, an objective measure of neutrophil infiltration. Similarly, JZL184 reduced gastric acidity, in controls as well as mice treated with pentagastrin, which stimulates gastric acid release. As hypothesized, JZL184 decreased gastric motility. Surprisingly, diclofenac also slowed gastric emptying, indicating that diclofenac-induced ulcers most likely occur through increased gastric acid secretion, and not increased gastric motility, as measured in the present study. Thus, MAGL inhibition may proffer gastroprotection through modulating the secretory pathway of gastric hemorrhage. These data underscore the importance of sampling multiple time points and using both sexes in research, in addition to multiple mechanistic targets, and contribute to the basic understanding of NSAID-induced gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Crowe
- West Virginia University, Department of Psychology, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- West Virginia University, Department of Psychology, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
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11
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Daure E, Ross L, Webster CRL. Gastroduodenal Ulceration in Small Animals: Part 1. Pathophysiology and Epidemiology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:1-10. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals is a complex and important comorbidity that occurs when the physiological homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted secondary to administration of medications or the presence of local or systemic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the veterinary literature regarding the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors associated with gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals. Pertinent concepts from the human literature will be integrated into the discussion. This article serves as an introduction to the second part of this series, which will review current evidence regarding the use of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evence Daure
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
| | - Linda Ross
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
| | - Cynthia R. L. Webster
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
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12
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Afroze S, Meng F, Jensen K, McDaniel K, Rahal K, Onori P, Gaudio E, Alpini G, Glaser SS. The physiological roles of secretin and its receptor. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 1:29. [PMID: 25332973 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2012.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretin is secreted by S cells in the small intestine and affects the function of a number of organ systems. Secretin receptors (SR) are expressed in the basolateral domain of several cell types. In addition to regulating the secretion of a number of epithelia (e.g., in the pancreas and biliary epithelium in the liver), secretin exerts trophic effects in several cell types. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review on the multiple roles of secretin and SR signaling in the regulation of epithelial functions in various organ systems with particular emphasis in the liver. We will discuss the role of secretin and its receptor in health and biliary disease pathogenesis. Finally, we propose future areas of research for the further evaluation of the secretin/secretin receptor axis in liver pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Afroze
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Fanyin Meng
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Kendal Jensen
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Kinan Rahal
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, 2 Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA ; 4 Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy ; 5 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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13
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Coletta R, Khalil BA, Morabito A. Short bowel syndrome in children: surgical and medical perspectives. Semin Pediatr Surg 2014; 23:291-7. [PMID: 25459014 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main cause of intestinal failure in children is due to short bowel syndrome (SBS) resulting from congenital or acquired intestinal lesions. From the first lengthening procedure introduced by Bianchi, the last three decades have seen lengthening procedures established as fundamental components of multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation programs. Debate on indications and timing of the procedures is still open leaving SBS surgical treatment a great challenge. However, enteral autonomy is possible only with an individualized approach remembering that each SBS patient is unique. Current literature on autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction technique was reviewed aiming to assess a comprehensive pathway in SBS non-transplant management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Coletta
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Royal Manchester Children׳s Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Basem A Khalil
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Royal Manchester Children׳s Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonino Morabito
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Royal Manchester Children׳s Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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14
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Najimi M, Sarrieau A, Kopp N, Chigr F. An autoradiographic study of neurotensin receptors in the human hypothalamus. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:382-9. [PMID: 24144485 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to determine a detailed mapping of neurotensin (NT) in the human hypothalamus, the brain region involved in neuroendocrine control. For this, we investigated the presence and the distribution of neurotensin binding sites in the human hypothalamus, using an in vitro quantitative autoradiography technique and the selective radioligand monoiodo-Tyr3-neurotensin (2000Ci/mM). This study was performed on nine adult human postmortem hypothalami. We first determined the biochemical kinetics of the binding and found that binding affinity constants were of high affinity and do not differ significantly between all cases investigated. Our analysis of the autoradiographic distribution shows that NT binding sites are widely distributed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hypothalamus. However, the distribution of NT binding sites is not homogenous and regional variations exist. In general, the highest densities are mainly present in the anterior hypothalamic level, particularly in the preoptic region and the anterior boarding limit (i.e. the diagonal band of Broca). Important NT binding site densities are also present at the mediobasal hypothalamic level, particularly in the paraventricular, parafornical and dorsomedial nuclei. At the posterior level, relatively moderate densities could be observed in the mammillary complex subdivisions, apart from the supramammillary nucleus and the posterior hypothalamic area. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the occurrence of high concentrations of NT binding sites in various structures in many regions in the human adult hypothalamus, involved in the control of neuroendocrine and/or neurovegetative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Najimi
- Laboratoire Génie Biologique, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box: 523, 23000 Beni Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Alain Sarrieau
- EA 2972 Régulations Neuroendocriniennes, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Kopp
- Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
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15
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Kumpf VJ. Pharmacologic management of diarrhea in patients with short bowel syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 38:38S-44S. [PMID: 24463352 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113520618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS) can have multiple etiologies, including accelerated intestinal transit, gastric acid hypersecretion, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and malabsorption of fats and bile salts. As a result, patients may need multiple medications to effectively control fecal output. The armamentarium of antidiarrheal drugs includes antimotility agents, antisecretory drugs, antibiotics and probiotics, bile acid-binding resins, and pancreatic enzymes. An antidiarrheal regimen must be individualized for each patient and should be developed using a methodical, stepwise approach. Treatment should be initiated with a single first-line medication at the low end of its dosing range. Dosage and/or dosing frequency can then be slowly escalated to achieve maximal effect while minimizing adverse events. If diarrhea remains poorly controlled, additional agents can be incorporated sequentially. If modification of the regimen is required, a single medication should be altered or exchanged at a time. After each adjustment of the regimen, sufficient time should be permitted to fully assess response (≥3-5 days) before initiating additional changes. SBS-associated malabsorption is a major obstacle to optimization of an antidiarrheal regimen because drug absorption is impaired. Patients may benefit from high dosages and/or frequent dosing intervals, liquid preparations, or nonoral routes of drug delivery. Although the diarrhea associated with SBS can be debilitating, effective pharmaceutical management has the potential to substantially improve health outcomes and quality of life for these patients.
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16
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Guerra A, Etienne-Mesmin L, Livrelli V, Denis S, Blanquet-Diot S, Alric M. Relevance and challenges in modeling human gastric and small intestinal digestion. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:591-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Walker J, Hell J, Liszt KI, Dresel M, Pignitter M, Hofmann T, Somoza V. Identification of beer bitter acids regulating mechanisms of gastric acid secretion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1405-1412. [PMID: 22313115 DOI: 10.1021/jf204306z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Beer, one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, has been shown to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Although organic acids, formed by fermentation of glucose, are known to be stimulants of gastric acid secretion, very little is known about the effects of different types of beer or the active constituents thereof. In the present study, we compared the effects of different beers on mechanisms of gastric acid secretion. To investigate compound-specific effects on mechanisms of gastric acid secretion, organic acids and bitter compounds were quantified by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS/MS and tested in human gastric cancer cells (HGT-1) by means of a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye which determines the intracellular pH as an indicator of proton secretion. The expression of relevant genes, coding the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase, ATP4A, the histamine receptor, HRH2, the acetylcholine receptor, CHRM3, and the somatostatin receptor, SSTR2, was determined by qPCR. Ethanol and the organic acids succinic acid, malic acid, and citric acid were demonstrated to contribute to some extent to the effect of beer. The bitter acids comprising α-, β-, and iso-α-acids were identified as potential key components promoting gastric acid secretion and up-regulation of CHRM3 gene expression by a maximum factor of 2.01 compared to that of untreated control cells with a correlation to their respective bitterness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Walker
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Mordecai A, Sellon RK, Mealey KL. Normal dogs treated with famotidine for 14 days have only transient increases in serum gastrin concentrations. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1248-52. [PMID: 22092612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In people, serum gastrin concentrations increase in response to administration of H(2) receptor antagonists, but the effect of famotidine administration on serum gastrin concentrations has not been evaluated in dogs. OBJECTIVES To determine if serum gastrin concentrations increase in response to 14 days of famotidine treatment and the time needed to return to baseline after discontinuation of famotidine; define stability of gastrin in samples held at room temperature. ANIMALS Eleven healthy dogs were included in part A (famotidine treatment) and 7 healthy dogs in Part B (serum gastrin stability). In part A, famotidine (0.5 mg/kg p.o. q12h) was administered for 14 days. Fasting blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22. In part B, blood was collected after a 12-hour fast. Gastrin concentrations in serum samples held at room temperature for ≤30 minutes after sampling were compared to concentrations in samples held at room temperature for 150 minutes after sampling. RESULTS Serum gastrin concentrations increased by day 3 of famotidine administration and returned to baseline concentrations in all dogs by day 14 despite continued famotidine administration. Serum gastrin concentrations were lower (20% mean decrease; P = .0005) in samples held at room temperature for 150 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE After 14 days of famotidine administration, clinically healthy dogs have normal serum gastrin concentrations. In a dog with clinical features consistent with gastrinoma, chronic famotidine administration is unlikely to contribute to increases in serum gastrin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mordecai
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Center, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA
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19
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von Rosenvinge EC, Raufman JP. Gastrointestinal peptides and regulation of gastric acid secretion. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:40-3. [PMID: 19855274 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32833304e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Update on the role of gastrointestinal peptides in regulating gastric acid secretion. RECENT FINDINGS A novel transgenic mouse that expresses the entire human gastrin gene locus in G-cells of gastrin-null mice will facilitate investigation of gastrin gene regulatory elements. Isolation of a highly homogeneous population of G-cells permits the elucidation of stimulatory and inhibitory ligands without the confounding presence of other neuroendocrine cells. The use of somatostatin receptor knockout mice demonstrated the plasticity of gastric acid regulatory mechanisms and compensation by upregulation of the galanin pathway which inhibits secretion by enterochromaffin-like cells. The importance of adenosine in regulating somatostatin release was shown using adenosine receptor knockout mice. SUMMARY The importance of gastrointestinal peptides for regulating gastric acid is evident. Ongoing investigations will characterize the mechanisms underlying actions of these agents on gastric acid secretion, particularly with regard to their combinatorial effects and interplay with other acid-regulating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C von Rosenvinge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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20
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Khurana S, Mills JC. The gastric mucosa development and differentiation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 96:93-115. [PMID: 21075341 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381280-3.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development and differentiation of the gastric mucosa are controlled by a complex interplay of signaling proteins and transcriptional regulators. This process is complicated by the fact that the stomach is derived from two germ layers, the endoderm and the mesoderm, with the first giving rise to the mature epithelium and the latter contributing the smooth muscle required for peristalsis. Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions dictate the formation of the stomach during fetal development, and also contribute to its continuous regeneration and differentiation throughout adult life. In this chapter, we discuss the discoveries that have been made in different model systems, from zebrafish to human, which show that the Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, bone morphogenetic protein, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling systems play essential roles during various stages of stomach development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Khurana
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal-dominant inherited tumor syndrome characterized by hyperplasia and/or tumors in the parathyroid glands, the pancreatic islets, the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands, as well as neuroendocrine tumors in the thymus, lungs and stomach, and tumors in nonendocrine tissues. In 1997, the responsible MEN1 gene was identified as a tumor-suppressor gene and its product was named menin. In this review, guidelines for early diagnosis, including MEN1 gene mutation analysis, and treatment, including periodic clinical monitoring, have been formulated, enabling improvement of life expectancy and quality of life. Identification of menin-interacting proteins has provided new insights into the function of menin, notably involving regulation of gene transcription related to proliferation and apoptosis, genome stability and DNA repair, and endocrine/metabolic homeostasis. In the near future, target-directed intervention may prevent or delay the onset of MEN 1-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Jm Lips
- a University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Internal Medicine, Wassenaarseweg 109, 2596 CN The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Dreijerink
- b University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Internal Medicine, F02.126, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thera P Links
- c University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jo Wm Höppener
- d Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht.
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Ashrafian H, le Roux CW. Metabolic surgery and gut hormones - a review of bariatric entero-humoral modulation. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:620-31. [PMID: 19303889 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic of obesity is increasing. Inappropriate food intake relative to energy expenditure results in increased adiposity. These factors are partly regulated by signals through the gut-brain and adipose-brain axes. Metabolic operations (otherwise known as Bariatric surgery) offer the most effective results for sustained metabolic improvement and weight loss. They modulate a number of gut hormones that constitute the gut-brain axis. This review summarizes the literature to-date reporting the gut hormone changes associated with these operations and their subsequent effects on appetite. Understanding the anatomical differences between each operation and how these can differentially regulate gut hormonal release can provide new treatments and targets for obesity, appetite and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hutan Ashrafian
- Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, UK
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