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Garg V, Geurten BRH. Diving deep: zebrafish models in motor neuron degeneration research. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1424025. [PMID: 38966756 PMCID: PMC11222423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1424025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of biomedical science, the pursuit of effective treatments for motor neuron disorders like hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) remains a key priority. Central to this endeavor is the development of robust animal models, with the zebrafish emerging as a prime candidate. Exhibiting embryonic transparency, a swift life cycle, and significant genetic and neuroanatomical congruencies with humans, zebrafish offer substantial potential for research. Despite the difference in locomotion-zebrafish undulate while humans use limbs, the zebrafish presents relevant phenotypic parallels to human motor control disorders, providing valuable insights into neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores the zebrafish's inherent traits and how they facilitate profound insights into the complex behavioral and cellular phenotypes associated with these disorders. Furthermore, we examine recent advancements in high-throughput drug screening using the zebrafish model, a promising avenue for identifying therapeutically potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vranda Garg
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Adams L, De Bleecker J. A rare case of adult-onset spastic paraparesis associated with Klinefelter syndrome. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38225593 PMCID: PMC10788975 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
REPORT The rare association of Klinefelter syndrome and the clinical presentation of a late onset chronic progressive spastic paresis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND GENETICS An infertile, 61-year-old man, presented with late adult onset of gait problems, deep muscle pain, and bladder problems. He presented for the first time, years after onset with a spastic paraparesis with high arched feet. His parents had already died, but the patient described high arched feet with his mother. There is no further certain information about the parents. After thorough investigation, an additional X chromosome was found, whereafter the diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome could be made. Other acquired and genetic causes for spastic paraparesis or hereditary motor neuropathy are excluded. CONCLUSION This rare case, together with three other literature reports by Sasaki (Intern Med 58(3):437-440, 2019), Sajra (Med Arh 61(1):52-53, 2007) and Matsubara et al., (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57(5):640-642, 1994). suggests that Klinefelter syndrome can be associated with spastic paraparesis, besides the other various neuropsychiatric symptoms that are more commonly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Adams
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Chai E, Chen Z, Mou Y, Thakur G, Zhan W, Li XJ. Liver-X-receptor agonists rescue axonal degeneration in SPG11-deficient neurons via regulating cholesterol trafficking. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106293. [PMID: 37709208 PMCID: PMC10655618 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 11 (SPG11) is a common autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) characterized by the degeneration of cortical motor neuron axons, leading to muscle spasticity and weakness. Impaired lipid trafficking is an emerging pathology in neurodegenerative diseases including SPG11, though its role in axonal degeneration of human SPG11 neurons remains unknown. Here, we established a pluripotent stem cell-based SPG11 model by knocking down the SPG11 gene in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). These stem cells were then differentiated into cortical projection neurons (PNs), the cell types affected in HSP patients, to examine axonal defects and cholesterol distributions. Our data revealed that SPG11 deficiency led to reduced axonal outgrowth, impaired axonal transport, and accumulated swellings, recapitulating disease-specific phenotypes. In SPG11-knockdown neurons, cholesterol was accumulated in lysosome and reduced in plasma membrane, revealing impairments in cholesterol trafficking. Strikingly, the liver-X-receptor (LXR) agonists restored cholesterol homeostasis, leading to the rescue of subsequent axonal defects in SPG11-deficient cortical PNs. To further determine the implication of impaired cholesterol homeostasis in SPG11, we examined the cholesterol distribution in cortical PNs generated from SPG11 disease-mutation knock-in hESCs, and observed a similar cholesterol trafficking impairment. Moreover, LXR agonists rescued the aberrant cholesterol distribution and mitigated the degeneration of SPG11 disease-mutated neurons. Taken together, our data demonstrate impaired cholesterol trafficking underlying axonal degeneration of SPG11 human neurons, and highlight the therapeutic potential of LXR agonists for SPG11 through restoring cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yongchao Mou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gitika Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Weihai Zhan
- Office of Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA..
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Faccioli S, Cavalagli A, Falocci N, Mangano G, Sanfilippo I, Sassi S. Gait analysis patterns and rehabilitative interventions to improve gait in persons with hereditary spastic paraplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1256392. [PMID: 37799279 PMCID: PMC10548139 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1256392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inheritance diseases resulting in gait abnormalities, which may be detected using instrumented gait analysis. The aim of this systematic review was 2-fold: to identify specific gait analysis patterns and interventions improving gait in HSP subjects. Methods A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, REHABDATA, and PEDro databases, in accordance with reporting guidelines of PRISMA statement and Cochrane's recommendation. The review protocol was recorded on the PROSPERO register. Patients with pure and complicated HSP of any age were included. All types of studies were included. Risk of bias, quality assessment, and meta-analysis were performed. Results Forty-two studies were included: 19 were related to gait analysis patterns, and 24 were intervention studies. The latter ones were limited to adults. HSP gait patterns were similar to cerebral palsy in younger subjects and stroke in adults. Knee hyperextension, reduced range of motion at knee, ankle, and hip, reduced foot lift, and increased rapid trunk and arm movements were reported. Botulinum injections reduced spasticity but uncovered weakness and improved gait velocity at follow-up. Weak evidence supported intrathecal baclofen, active intensive physical therapy (i.e., robot-assisted gait training, functional exercises, and hydrotherapy), and functional electrical stimulation. Some improvements but adverse events were reported after transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation implant. Conclusion Knee hyperextension, non-sagittal pelvic movements, and reduced ROM at the knee, ankle, and hip represent the most peculiar patterns in HSP, compared to diplegic cerebral palsy and stroke. Botulinum improved comfortable gait velocity after 2 months. Nonetheless, interventions reducing spasticity might result in ineffective functional outcomes unveiling weakness. Intensive active physical therapy and FES might improve gait velocity in the very short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Faccioli
- Children Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Cavalagli
- Children Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Falocci
- Office of Policy Evaluation and Statistical Studies, Umbria Legislative Assembly, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mangano
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 3 (ASP 3), Acireale Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Sassi
- Children Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Lassmann C, Ilg W, Rattay TW, Schöls L, Giese M, Haeufle DFB. Dysfunctional neuro-muscular mechanisms explain gradual gait changes in prodromal spastic paraplegia. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:90. [PMID: 37454121 PMCID: PMC10349428 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) type 4 (SPG4) a length-dependent axonal degeneration in the cortico-spinal tract leads to progressing symptoms of hyperreflexia, muscle weakness, and spasticity of lower extremities. Even before the manifestation of spastic gait, in the prodromal phase, axonal degeneration leads to subtle gait changes. These gait changes - depicted by digital gait recording - are related to disease severity in prodromal and early-to-moderate manifest SPG4 participants. METHODS We hypothesize that dysfunctional neuro-muscular mechanisms such as hyperreflexia and muscle weakness explain these disease severity-related gait changes of prodromal and early-to-moderate manifest SPG4 participants. We test our hypothesis in computer simulation with a neuro-muscular model of human walking. We introduce neuro-muscular dysfunction by gradually increasing sensory-motor reflex sensitivity based on increased velocity feedback and gradually increasing muscle weakness by reducing maximum isometric force. RESULTS By increasing hyperreflexia of plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscles, we found gradual muscular and kinematic changes in neuro-musculoskeletal simulations that are comparable to subtle gait changes found in prodromal SPG4 participants. CONCLUSIONS Predicting kinematic changes of prodromal and early-to-moderate manifest SPG4 participants by gradual alterations of sensory-motor reflex sensitivity allows us to link gait as a directly accessible performance marker to emerging neuro-muscular changes for early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lassmann
- Multi-level Modeling in Motor Control and Rehabilitation Robotics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Engineering, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Ilg
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tim W. Rattay
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Giese
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel F. B. Haeufle
- Multi-level Modeling in Motor Control and Rehabilitation Robotics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Computer Engineering (ZITI), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chiropractic Care in a Patient With Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Chronic Pain. Cureus 2023; 15:e36602. [PMID: 36968681 PMCID: PMC10037221 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, which is challenging to diagnose and is known to be associated with more than 73 genes. Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Here, we report the case of a 13-year-old girl with a history of HSP who presented to a chiropractic clinic with chronic low back pain and rehabilitation for lower extremity weakness. She had been receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and baclofen for spasticity. Full-spine radiography revealed borderline acetabular dysplasia in the right hip. After nine months of chiropractic therapy, the patient reported reduced lower extremity spasticity and pain as well as improved strength and functionality. As non-invasive therapies have minimal side effects, chiropractic therapy can be used alongside or in combination with other treatments as an additional option for the long-term management of HSP.
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Marzoughi S, Pfeffer G, Cashman N. Primary lateral sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:89-99. [PMID: 37620095 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Like motor neuron diseases (MNDs) refer to a constellation of primarily sporadic neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of upper and/or lower motor neurons. Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is considered a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a gradually progressive course affecting the central motor systems, designated by the phrase "upper motor neurons." Despite significant development in neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and molecular biology, there is a growing consensus that PLS is of unknown etiology. Currently there is no disease-modifying treatment for PLS, or prospective randomized trials being carried out, partly due to the rarity of the disease and lack of significant understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Consequently, the approach to treatment remains largely symptomatic. In this chapter we provide an overview of primary lateral sclerosis including clinical and electrodiagnostic considerations, differential diagnosis, updates in genetics and pathophysiology, and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Marzoughi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Neil Cashman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Joseph C, Kravtsov S, Scroggie G, Cameron D, Rawicki B, Wells D, Murphy A. Gait classification in a population of adults with hereditary spastic paresis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 100:105793. [PMID: 36240618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification of gait in adults with hereditary spastic paresis is limited. Our aim was to use a previously established system to classify gait. METHODS Forty-nine participants were retrospectively recruited and grouped into existing classifications based on sagittal plane knee joint kinematic data extracted from a 3D analysis. Waveform analysis was used to compare the grouped data to determine if and where differences in the subjective classifications appeared. FINDINGS Classification of gait patterns in adults with hereditary spastic paresis is successful. Differences between groups in line with the classification system were confirmed by statistical analysis. Crouch gait is illustrated by a flexed knee throughout stance phase. Recurvatum gait is dominated by knee hyperextension in mid-late stance. Stiff-knee gait demonstrates limited knee range of motion in stance and jump-knee gait is characterised by less knee flexion in early and mid-stance phase than all groups. Sagittal plane hip and ankle kinematics compliment group differences at the knee joint. The jump-knee group is more flexed at the hip than all groups during loading response phase and mid-stance; and the recurvatum group is more extended at the hip than the crouch, jump-knee, and stiff-knee groups during mid and late-stance phase. There is less ankle dorsiflexion throughout stance phase in the recurvatum group than in all other groups. INTERPRETATION Sagittal plane knee joint kinematic data can be subjectively used to classify gait features in adults with hereditary spastic paresis. Novel analysis show hip and ankle sagittal plane kinematics can be used to further assist classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Joseph
- Clinical Gait Analysis Service, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stella Kravtsov
- Clinical Gait Analysis Service, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Dianne Cameron
- Clinical Gait Analysis Service, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry Rawicki
- Clinical Gait Analysis Service, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denny Wells
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Murphy
- Clinical Gait Analysis Service, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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Laßmann C, Ilg W, Schneider M, Völker M, Haeufle DFB, Schüle R, Giese M, Synofzik M, Schöls L, Rattay TW. Specific Gait Changes in Prodromal Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 4: preSPG4 Study. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2417-2426. [PMID: 36054444 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4), subclinical gait changes might occur years before patients realize gait disturbances. The prodromal phase of neurodegenerative disease is of particular interest to halt disease progression by future interventions before impairment has manifested. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify specific movement abnormalities before the manifestation of gait impairment and quantify disease progression in the prodromal phase. METHODS Seventy subjects participated in gait assessment, including 30 prodromal SPAST pathogenic variant carriers, 17 patients with mild-to-moderate manifest SPG4, and 23 healthy control subjects. An infrared-camera-based motion capture system assessed gait to analyze features such as range of motion and continuous angle trajectories. Those features were correlated with disease severity as assessed by the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale, neurofilament light chain as a fluid biomarker indicating neurodegeneration, and motor-evoked potentials. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, we found an altered gait pattern in prodromal pathogenic variant carriers during the swing phase in the segmental angle of the foot (Dunn's post hoc test, q = 3.1) and heel ground clearance (q = 2.8). Furthermore, range of motion of segmental angle was reduced for the foot (q = 3.3). These changes occurred in prodromal pathogenic variant carriers without quantified leg spasticity in clinical examination. Gait features correlated with neurofilament light chain levels, central motor conduction times of motor-evoked potentials, and Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale score. CONCLUSIONS Gait analysis can quantify changes in prodromal and mild-to-moderate manifest SPG4 patients. Thus, gait features constitute promising motor biomarkers characterizing the subclinical progression of spastic gait and might help to evaluate interventions in early disease stages. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Laßmann
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Computer Engineering, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Multi-level Modeling in Motor Control and Rehabilitation Robotics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Ilg
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Völker
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel F B Haeufle
- Multi-level Modeling in Motor Control and Rehabilitation Robotics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany.,Computational Biophysics and Biorobotics, Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE) University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Giese
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE) University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE) University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim W Rattay
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE) University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Ubap1 knock-in mice reproduced the phenotype of SPG80. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:679-686. [PMID: 35962060 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SPG80 is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a pure type of juvenile-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia and is caused by a heterozygous mutation of the UBAP1 (ubiquitin-associated protein 1) gene. UBAP1 is one of the subunits of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I and plays a role in endosome sorting by binding to ubiquitin-tagged proteins. In this study, we generated novel Ubap1+/E176Efx23 knock-in mice, in which the SOUBA domain of Ubap1 was completely deleted with the UMA domain being intact, as an animal model of SPG80. The knock-in mice with this heterozygous Ubap1 truncated mutation appeared normal at birth, but they developed progressive hind limb dysfunction several months later. Molecular pathologically, loss of neurons in the spinal cord and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins were observed in Ubap1+/E176Efx23 knock-in mice. In addition, changes in the distributions of Rab5 and Rab7 in the spinal cord suggest that this mutation in Ubap1 disturbs endosome-mediated vesicular trafficking. This is the first report of a mouse model that reproduces the phenotype of SPG80. Our knock-in mice may provide a clue for understanding the molecular pathogenesis underlying UBAP1-related HSP and screening of therapeutic agents.
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11
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Nan H, Mizuno T, Arisaka A, Sei K, Takiyama Y. A p.Glu420Gln mutation in SPAST is associated with infantile onset spastic paraplegia complicated by cerebella ataxia, epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2123-2126. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (prVEPs) in autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (ARHSPTCC) patients with SPG 11 mutations in Saudi Arabia, cross section hospital base study. J Neurol Sci 2022; 434:120144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Crosby D, Mikolaj MR, Nyenhuis SB, Bryce S, Hinshaw JE, Lee TH. Reconstitution of human atlastin fusion activity reveals autoinhibition by the C terminus. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212879. [PMID: 34817557 PMCID: PMC8624677 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ER network formation depends on membrane fusion by the atlastin (ATL) GTPase. In humans, three paralogs are differentially expressed with divergent N- and C-terminal extensions, but their respective roles remain unknown. This is partly because, unlike Drosophila ATL, the fusion activity of human ATLs has not been reconstituted. Here, we report successful reconstitution of fusion activity by the human ATLs. Unexpectedly, the major splice isoforms of ATL1 and ATL2 are each autoinhibited, albeit to differing degrees. For the more strongly inhibited ATL2, autoinhibition mapped to a C-terminal α-helix is predicted to be continuous with an amphipathic helix required for fusion. Charge reversal of residues in the inhibitory domain strongly activated its fusion activity, and overexpression of this disinhibited version caused ER collapse. Neurons express an ATL2 splice isoform whose sequence differs in the inhibitory domain, and this form showed full fusion activity. These findings reveal autoinhibition and alternate splicing as regulators of atlastin-mediated ER fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crosby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Melissa R Mikolaj
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sarah B Nyenhuis
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Samantha Bryce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tina H Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
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Méreaux JL, Banneau G, Papin M, Coarelli G, Valter R, Raymond L, Kol B, Ariste O, Parodi L, Tissier L, Mairey M, Ait Said S, Gautier C, Guillaud-Bataille M, Forlani S, de la Grange P, Brice A, Vazza G, Durr A, Leguern E, Stevanin G. Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2022; 145:1029-1037. [PMID: 34983064 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia refers to rare genetic neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative disorders in which spasticity due to length-dependent damage to the upper motor neuron is a core sign. Their high clinical and genetic heterogeneity makes their diagnosis challenging. Multigene panels allow a high-throughput targeted analysis of the increasing number of genes involved using next-generation sequencing. We report here the clinical and genetic results of 1550 index cases tested for variants in a panel of hereditary spastic paraplegia related genes analyzed in routine diagnosis. A causative variant was found in 475 patients (30.7%) in 35/65 screened genes. SPAST and SPG7 were the most frequently mutated genes, representing 142 (9.2%) and 75 (4.8%) index cases of the whole series, respectively. KIF1A, ATL1, SPG11, KIF5A and REEP1 represented more than 1% (> 17 cases) each. There were 661 causative variants (382 different ones) and 30 of them were structural variants. This large cohort allowed us obtaining an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in clinical practice. Because of the wide phenotypic variability, there was no very specific sign that could predict the causative gene but there were some constellations of symptoms that were found often related to specific subtypes. Finally, we confirmed the diagnostic effectiveness of a targeted sequencing panel as a first-line genetic test in hereditary spastic paraplegia. This is a pertinent strategy because of the relative frequency of several known genes (i.e.: SPAST, KIF1A) and it allows identifying variants in the rarest involved genes and to detect structural rearrangements via coverage analysis, which is less efficient in exome data sets. It is crucial because these structural variants represent a significant proportion of the pathogenic hereditary spastic paraplegia variants (∼6% of patients), notably for SPAST and REEP1. In a subset of 42 index cases negative for the targeted multigene panel, subsequent whole exome sequencing allowed to reach a theoretical diagnosis yield of ∼50%. We then propose a two-step strategy combining the use of a panel of genes followed by whole exome sequencing in negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Méreaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Papin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Valter
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Bophara Kol
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ariste
- GenoDiag-GenoSplice, Paris Biotech Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Livia Parodi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Laurène Tissier
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Samia Ait Said
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Celia Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Forlani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Vazza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
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15
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A novel insertion mutation in atlastin 1 is associated with spastic quadriplegia, increased membrane tethering, and aberrant conformational switching. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101438. [PMID: 34808209 PMCID: PMC8688574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) comprises a heterogeneous group of neuropathies affecting upper motor neurons and causing progressive gait disorder. Mutations in the gene SPG3A/atlastin-1 (ATL1), encoding a dynamin superfamily member, which utilizes the energy from GTP hydrolysis for membrane tethering and fusion to promote the formation of a highly branched, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), account for approximately 10% of all HSP cases. The continued discovery and characterization of novel disease mutations are crucial for our understanding of HSP pathogenesis and potential treatments. Here, we report a novel disease-causing, in-frame insertion in the ATL1 gene, leading to inclusion of an additional asparagine residue at position 417 (N417ins). This mutation correlates with complex, early-onset spastic quadriplegia affecting all four extremities, generalized dystonia, and a thinning of the corpus callosum. We show using limited proteolysis and FRET-based studies that this novel insertion affects a region in the protein central to intramolecular interactions and GTPase-driven conformational change, and that this insertion mutation is associated with an aberrant prehydrolysis state. While GTPase activity remains unaffected by the insertion, membrane tethering is increased, indicative of a gain-of-function disease mechanism uncommon for ATL1-associated pathologies. In conclusion, our results identify a novel insertion mutation with altered membrane tethering activity that is associated with spastic quadriplegia, potentially uncovering a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms that may affect neuronal function.
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16
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Li XJ. Non-cell autonomous role of astrocytes in axonal degeneration of cortical projection neurons in hereditary spastic paraplegias. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1265-1266. [PMID: 34782566 PMCID: PMC8643063 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Nan H, Shiraku H, Mizuno T, Takiyama Y. A p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST is associated with infantile-onset complicated spastic paraplegia: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:439. [PMID: 34753439 PMCID: PMC8576993 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) is caused by mutations in the SPAST gene, is the most common form of autosomal-dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP), and is rarely associated with a complicated form that includes ataxia, epilepsy, and cognitive decline. To date, the genotype-phenotype correlation has not been substantially established for SPAST mutations. Case presentation We present a Japanese patient with infantile-onset HSP and a complex form with coexisting ataxia and epilepsy. The sequencing of SPAST revealed a de novo c.1496G > A (p.R499H) mutation. A review of the literature revealed 16 additional patients with p.R499H mutations in SPAST associated with an early-onset complicated form of HSP. We found that the complicated phenotype of patients with p.Arg499His mutations could be mainly divided into three subgroups: (1) infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis, (2) HSP with severe dystonia, and (3) HSP with cognitive impairment. Moreover, the c.1496G > A mutation in SPAST may occur as a de novo variant at noticeably high rates. Conclusion We reviewed the clinical features of the patients reported in the literature with the p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST and described the case of a Japanese patient with this mutation presenting a new complicated form. Accumulating evidence suggests a possible association between infantile-onset complicated HSP and the p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST. The findings of this study may expand the clinical spectrum of the p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST and provide an opportunity to further study the genotype-phenotype correlation of SPG4. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02478-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraku
- Department of Pediatrics, JA Toride Medical Center, Ibaraki, 302-0022, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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18
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Pyromali I, Perani A, Nizou A, Benslimane N, Derouault P, Bourthoumieu S, Fradin M, Sole G, Duval F, Gomes C, Favreau F, Sturtz F, Magdelaine C, Lia AS. New structural variations responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: The first two large KIF5A deletions detected by CovCopCan software. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4265-4272. [PMID: 34429846 PMCID: PMC8355829 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the detection of mutations in inherited genetic diseases, like the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) which is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. The majority of mutations detected by NGS are single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small indels, while structural variants (SVs) are often underdiagnosed. PMP22 was the first gene described as being involved in CMT via a SV of duplication type. To date, more than 90 genes are known to be involved in CMT, with mainly SNVs and short indels described. Herein targeted NGS and the CovCopCan bioinformatic tool were used in two unrelated families, both presenting with typical CMT symptoms with pyramidal involvement. We have discovered two large SVs in KIF5A, a gene known to cause axonal forms of CMT (CMT2) in which no SVs have yet been described. In the first family, the patient presented with a large deletion of 12 kb in KIF5A from Chr12:57,956,278 to Chr12:57,968,335 including exons 2–15, that could lead to mutation c.(130-943_c.1717-533del), p.(Gly44_Leu572del). In the second family, two cases presented with a large deletion of 3 kb in KIF5A from Chr12:57,974,133 to Chr12:57,977,210 including exons 24–28, that could lead to mutation c.(2539-605_*36 + 211del), p.(Leu847_Ser1032delins33). In addition, bioinformatic sequence analysis revealed that a NAHR (Non-Allelic-Homologous-Recombination) mechanism, such as those in the PMP22 duplication, could be responsible for one of the KIF5A SVs and could potentially be present in a number of other patients. This study reveals that large KIF5A deletions can cause CMT2 and highlights the importance of analyzing not only the SNVs but also the SVs during diagnosis of neuropathies.
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Key Words
- ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- CMT, Charcot-Marie-Tooth
- CMT2, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2
- CNV, Copy Number Variants
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth
- CovCopCan
- DSMA, Distal-Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy
- HSP10, Hereditary-Spastic-Paraplegia-type-10
- KIF5A
- NAHR, Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination
- NEIMY, Neonatal-Intractable-MYoclonus
- NGS
- NGS, Next Generation Sequencing
- SNV, Single Nucleotide Variant
- SV, Structural Variant
- Structural variations
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Perani
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Paco Derouault
- CHU Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvie Bourthoumieu
- CHU Limoges, Service de Cytogénétique, Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Service de Génétique, F-35203 Rennes, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin), Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Duval
- CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin), Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Constantin Gomes
- Hôpital Pontchaillou, Département de Neurophysiologie, F-35200 Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France
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19
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Wei Q, Luo WJ, Yu H, Wang PS, Dong HL, Li HF, Wu ZY. A novel PCYT2 mutation identified in a Chinese consanguineous family with hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:751-754. [PMID: 34384721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Luo
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Pei-Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Hai-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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20
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Kerstens HCJW, Van Lith BJH, Nijkrake MJ, De Swart BJM, Van den Bemd LAC, Smeets RJEM, Klemens F, Van de Warrenburg BPC, Van der Wees PJ, Geurts ACH. Healthcare needs, expectations, utilization, and experienced treatment effects in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia: a web-based survey in the Netherlands. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:283. [PMID: 34167574 PMCID: PMC8223283 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify healthcare needs, expectations, utilization, and the experienced treatment effects in a population of Dutch patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). METHODS We distributed an online questionnaire among 194 adult persons with HSP in the Netherlands, of which 166 returned a fully completed version. After applying predefined exclusion criteria, 109 questionnaires from persons with pure HSP were analysed. RESULTS Healthcare needs and expectations were primarily focused on the relief of muscle stiffness and reduction of balance and gait impairments (65-80%), but many participants also expressed needs regarding relief of non-motor symptoms (e.g. pain, fatigue), emotional problems, impaired sleep and self-care capacity, and participation problems (> 60%). Remarkably, despite these frequent needs, relatively few participants (< 33%) expected to be able to improve in these additional domains. Rehabilitation physicians and physiotherapists were more frequently consulted than neurologists and occupational therapists, respectively. Physiotherapy was the most often proposed non-pharmacological intervention (85%), followed by orthopedic footwear (55%) and splints (28%). Approximately one third of the participants was never offered any pharmacological (spasmolytic) treatment. Spasmolytic oral drugs, injections, and intrathecal baclofen were given to 41%, 26%, and 5% of the participants, respectively. Independent of the type of pharmacological intervention, 35-46% of these participants experienced decreased spastiticy and improved general fitness. Other experienced effects differed per type of intervention. CONCLUSIONS Based on this web-based survey in the Netherlands, there seems to be ample room for improvement to meet and attune the healthcare needs and expectations of people with HSP concerning both their motor and non-motor symptoms and functional limitations. In addition, the provision of adequate information about non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions seems to be insufficient for many patients to allow shared decision making. These conclusions warrant a more pro-active attitude of healthcare providers as well as an interdisciplinary approach for a substantial proportion of the HSP population, also involving professionals with a primary occupational and/or psychosocial orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C J W Kerstens
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas J H Van Lith
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Nijkrake
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert J M De Swart
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob J E M Smeets
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CIR Revalidatie, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart P C Van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J Van der Wees
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander C H Geurts
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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O'Donnell JP, Kelly CM, Sondermann H. Nucleotide-Dependent Dimerization and Conformational Switching of Atlastin. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2159:93-113. [PMID: 32529366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0676-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) is their use of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to control protein dynamics. In the case of the endoplasmic- reticulum- (ER)-resident membrane protein atlastin (ATL), GTP binding and hydrolysis result in membrane fusion of ER tubules and the generation of a branched ER network. In this chapter, we describe two independent methods for dissecting the mechanism underlying nucleotide-dependent quaternary structure and conformational changes of ATL, focusing on size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), respectively. The high temporal resolution of the FRET-based assays enables the ordering of the molecular events identified in structural and equilibrium-based SEC-MALS studies. In combination, these complementary methods report on the oligomeric states of a system at equilibrium and timing of key steps along the enzyme's catalytic cycle. These methods are broadly applicable to proteins that undergo ligand-induced dimerization and/or conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carolyn M Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Holger Sondermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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22
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Gu C. Rapid and Reversible Development of Axonal Varicosities: A New Form of Neural Plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:610857. [PMID: 33613192 PMCID: PMC7886671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.610857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal varicosities are enlarged, heterogeneous structures along axonal shafts, profoundly affecting axonal conduction and synaptic transmission. They represent a key pathological feature believed to develop via slow accumulation of axonal damage that occurs during irreversible degeneration, for example in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Here this review first discusses recent in vitro results showing that axonal varicosities can be rapidly and reversibly induced by mechanical stress in cultured primary neurons from the central nervous system (CNS). This notion is further supported by in vivo studies revealing the induction of axonal varicosities across various brain regions in different mTBI mouse models, as a prominent feature of axonal pathology. Limited progress in understanding intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory mechanisms of axonal varicosity induction and development is further highlighted. Rapid and reversible formation of axonal varicosities likely plays a key role in CNS neuron mechanosensation and is a new form of neural plasticity. Future investigation in this emerging research field may reveal how to reverse axonal injury, contributing to the development of new strategies for treating brain injuries and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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23
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Bickley C, Mitchell K, Scott A, Bury M, Oyelami M. Familiarity with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and Differentiation of Upper Body Gait Characteristics between Children with HSP and Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2021; 41:99-113. [PMID: 32942942 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2020.1819934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this two-part, prospective study was to determine therapist familiarity with HSP and examine diagnostic accuracy between individuals with HSP and those with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy (SD-CP). METHODS Part-one surveyed physical therapists (PT) and physical therapist assistants (PTA) throughout Texas to determine familiarity with HSP and its gait deviations. Part-two examined accuracy in differential diagnosis of HSP versus SD-CP using gait analysis and the effects of an educational module on upper body gait deviations observed in individuals with HSP. RESULTS Both PTs and PTAs indicated a high degree (≥73.2%) of unfamiliarity with HSP. While a majority of respondents (≥88.7%) indicated use of observational gait analysis in clinical practice, ≥92.5% indicated never receiving instruction on HSP or its associated gait deviations. Whole group analysis revealed diagnostic accuracy increased 21.7% post educational module. In addition, individual case diagnostic accuracy yielded significant improvement in 14 out of 20 cases. CONCLUSIONS Physical and occupational therapists are in a unique position to assist with the identification and distinction of HSP from CP. This study demonstrated that brief instruction on common upper body gait deviations seen in individuals with HSP may improve a clinician's ability to distinguish SD-CP from HSP via gait analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bickley
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katy Mitchell
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allison Scott
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mayowa Oyelami
- Neurological Residency Program, Harris Health System, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Mou Y, Dong Y, Chen Z, Denton KR, Duff MO, Blackstone C, Zhang SC, Li XJ. Impaired lipid metabolism in astrocytes underlies degeneration of cortical projection neurons in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:214. [PMID: 33287888 PMCID: PMC7720406 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are caused by a length-dependent axonopathy of long corticospinal neurons, but how axons of these cortical projection neurons (PNs) degenerate remains elusive. We generated isogenic human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines for two ATL1 missense mutations associated with SPG3A, the most common early-onset autosomal dominant HSP. In hPSC-derived cortical PNs, ATL1 mutations resulted in reduced axonal outgrowth, impaired axonal transport, and accumulated axonal swellings, recapitulating disease-specific phenotypes. Importantly, ATL1 mutations dysregulated proteolipid gene expression, reduced lipid droplet size in astrocytes, and unexpectedly disrupted cholesterol transfer from glia to neurons, leading to cholesterol deficiency in SPG3A cortical PNs. Applying cholesterol or conditioned medium from control astrocytes, a major source of cholesterol in the brain, rescued aberrant axonal transport and swellings in SPG3A cortical PNs. Furthermore, treatment with the NR1H2 agonist GW3965 corrected lipid droplet defects in SPG3A astrocytes and promoted cholesterol efflux from astrocytes, leading to restoration of cholesterol levels and rescue of axonal degeneration in SPG3A cortical PNs. These results reveal a non-cell autonomous mechanism underlying axonal degeneration of cortical PNs mediated by impaired cholesterol homeostasis in glia.
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25
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Nan H, Okamoto K, Gao L, Morishima Y, Ichinose Y, Koh K, Hashiyada M, Adachi N, Takiyama Y. A Japanese SPG4 Patient with a Confirmed De Novo Mutation of the SPAST Gene. Intern Med 2020; 59:2311-2315. [PMID: 32522921 PMCID: PMC7578612 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4599-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) is caused by mutations of the SPAST gene and is the most common form of autosomal-dominantly inherited pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We herein report a Japanese patient with SPG4 with a confirmed de novo mutation of SPAST. On exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we identified the heterozygous missense mutation p.R460L in the SPAST gene. This mutation was absent in the parents, and the paternity and maternity of the parents were both confirmed. The patient showed a pure SPG4 phenotype with an infantile onset. This study may expand the clinical and genetic findings for SPG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kensho Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuto Morishima
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
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26
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Chakor RT, Patil NS. Case Series of Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia in Adults. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 24:272-275. [PMID: 34220084 PMCID: PMC8232467 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_315_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul T Chakor
- Department of Neurology, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelam S Patil
- Department of Neurology, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Allison R, Edgar JR, Reid E. Spastin MIT Domain Disease-Associated Mutations Disrupt Lysosomal Function. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1179. [PMID: 31787869 PMCID: PMC6856053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetic motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of corticospinal tract axons. Mutations in SPAST, encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin, are the most common causes of HSP. The broad SPAST mutational spectrum indicates a haploinsufficiency pathogenic mechanism in most cases. Most missense mutations cluster in the ATPase domain, where they disrupt the protein's ability to sever microtubules. However, several putative missense mutations in the protein's microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain have also been described, but the pathogenicity of these mutations has not been verified with functional studies. Spastin promotes endosomal tubule fission, and defects in this lead to lysosomal enzyme mistrafficking and downstream lysosomal abnormalities. We investigated the function of three disease-associated spastin MIT mutants and found that none was able to promote normal endosomal tubule fission, lysosomal enzyme receptor trafficking, or lysosomal morphology. One of the mutations affected recruitment of spastin to endosomes, a property that requires the canonical function of the MIT domain in binding endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III proteins. However, the other mutants did not affect spastin's endosomal recruitment, raising the possibility of pathologically important non-canonical roles for the MIT domain. In conclusion, we demonstrate that spastin MIT mutants cause functional abnormalities related to the pathogenesis of HSP. These mutations do not directly affect spastin's microtubule-severing capacity, and so we identify a new molecular pathological mechanism by which spastin mutations may cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Scalia F, Marino Gammazza A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Myelin Pathology: Involvement of Molecular Chaperones and the Promise of Chaperonotherapy. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110297. [PMID: 31671529 PMCID: PMC6896170 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of axon myelination involves various proteins including molecular chaperones. Myelin alteration is a common feature in neurological diseases due to structural and functional abnormalities of one or more myelin proteins. Genetic proteinopathies may occur either in the presence of a normal chaperoning system, which is unable to assist the defective myelin protein in its folding and migration, or due to mutations in chaperone genes, leading to functional defects in assisting myelin maturation/migration. The latter are a subgroup of genetic chaperonopathies causing demyelination. In this brief review, we describe some paradigmatic examples pertaining to the chaperonins Hsp60 (HSPD1, or HSP60, or Cpn60) and CCT (chaperonin-containing TCP-1). Our aim is to make scientists and physicians aware of the possibility and advantages of classifying patients depending on the presence or absence of a chaperonopathy. In turn, this subclassification will allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies (chaperonotherapy) by using molecular chaperones as agents or targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
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29
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Martindale CF, Roth N, Gasner H, Jensen D, Kohl Z, Eskofier BM. Mobile Gait Analysis using Personalised Hidden Markov Models for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Patients. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:5430-5433. [PMID: 30441565 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gait analysis provides a quantitative method to assess disease progression or intervention effect on gait disorders. While mobile gait analysis enables continuous monitoring in free living conditions, state of the art gait analysis for diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is currently limited to motion capture systems which are large and expensive. The challenge with HSP is its heterogeneous nature and rarity, leading to a wide range of ages, severity and gait patterns as well as small patient numbers. We propose a sensor-based mobile solution, based on a personalised hierarchical hidden Markov Model (hHMM) to extract spatio-temporal gait parameters. This personalised hHMM achieves a mean absolute error of 0.04 s ± 0.03 s for stride time estimation with respect to a GAITRite® reference system. We use the successful extraction of initial ground contact to explore the limits of the double integration method for such heterogeneous diseases. While our personalised model compensates for the heterogeneity of the disease, it would require a new model per patient. We observed that the general model was sufficient for some of the less severely affected patients.
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30
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ER-phagy and human diseases. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:833-842. [PMID: 31659280 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy regulates the degradation of unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components. This catabolic process requires the formation of a double-membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, that engulfs the cytosolic material and delivers it to the lysosome. Substrate specificity is achieved by autophagy receptors, which are characterized by the presence of at least one LC3-interaction region (LIR) or GABARAP-interaction motif (GIM). Only recently, several receptors that mediate the specific degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) components via autophagy have been identified (the process known as ER-phagy or reticulophagy). Here, we give an update on the current knowledge about the role of ER-phagy receptors in health and disease.
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31
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Zulfiqar S, Tariq M, Ali Z, Fatima A, Klar J, Abdullah U, Ali A, Ramzan S, He S, Zhang J, Khan A, Shah S, Khan S, Makhdoom EH, Schuster J, Dahl N, Baig SM. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel variant underlying hereditary spastic paraplegia in consanguineous Pakistani families. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 67:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Martindale CF, Roth N, Gasner H, List J, Regensburger M, Eskofier BM, Kohl Z. Technical Validation of an Automated Mobile Gait Analysis System for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Patients. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 24:1490-1499. [PMID: 31449035 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2937574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) represents a group of orphan neurodegenerative diseases with gait disturbance as the predominant clinical feature. Due to its rarity, research within this field is still limited. Aside from clinical analysis using established scales, gait analysis has been employed to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms behind the disease. However, state of the art gait analysis systems are often large, immobile and expensive. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents the first clinically relevant mobile gait analysis system for HSP patients. We propose an unsupervised model based on local cyclicity estimation and hierarchical hidden Markov models (LCE-hHMM). The system provides stride time, swing time, stance time, swing duration and cadence. These parameters are validated against a GAITRite system and manual sensor data labelling using a total of 24 patients within 2 separate studies. The proposed system achieves a stride time error of -0.00 ± 0.09 s (correlation coefficient, r = 1.00) and a swing duration error of -0.67 ± 3.27 % (correlation coefficient, r = 0.93) with respect to the GAITRite system. We show that these parameters are also correlated to the clinical spastic paraplegia rating scale (SPRS) in a similar manner to other state of the art gait analysis systems, as well as to supervised and general versions of the proposed model. Finally, we show a proof of concept for this system to be used to analyse alterations in the gait of individual patients. Thus, with further clinical studies, due to its automated approach and mobility, this system could be used to determine treatment effects in future clinical trials.
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33
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Newton T, Allison R, Edgar JR, Lumb JH, Rodger CE, Manna PT, Rizo T, Kohl Z, Nygren AOH, Arning L, Schüle R, Depienne C, Goldberg L, Frahm C, Stevanin G, Durr A, Schöls L, Winner B, Beetz C, Reid E. Mechanistic basis of an epistatic interaction reducing age at onset in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2019; 141:1286-1299. [PMID: 29481671 PMCID: PMC5917785 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic neurological disorders exhibit variable expression within affected families, often exemplified by variations in disease age at onset. Epistatic effects (i.e. effects of modifier genes on the disease gene) may underlie this variation, but the mechanistic basis for such epistatic interactions is rarely understood. Here we report a novel epistatic interaction between SPAST and the contiguous gene DPY30, which modifies age at onset in hereditary spastic paraplegia, a genetic axonopathy. We found that patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by genomic deletions of SPAST that extended into DPY30 had a significantly younger age at onset. We show that, like spastin, the protein encoded by SPAST, the DPY30 protein controls endosomal tubule fission, traffic of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from endosomes to the Golgi, and lysosomal ultrastructural morphology. We propose that additive effects on this pathway explain the reduced age at onset of hereditary spastic paraplegia in patients who are haploinsufficient for both genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Newton
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jennifer H Lumb
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine E Rodger
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul T Manna
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tania Rizo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,APHP, Genetic Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Goldberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,APHP, Genetic Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,APHP, Genetic Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
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34
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Wei Q, Dong HL, Pan LY, Chen CX, Yan YT, Wang RM, Li HF, Liu ZJ, Tao QQ, Wu ZY. Clinical features and genetic spectrum in Chinese patients with recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:19. [PMID: 31289639 PMCID: PMC6593507 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many causative genes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) have been uncovered in recent years, there are still approximately 50% of HSP patients without genetically diagnosis, especially in autosomal recessive (AR) HSP patients. Rare studies have been performed to determine the genetic spectrum and clinical profiles of recessive HSP patients in the Chinese population. METHODS In this study, we investigated 24 Chinese index AR/sporadic patients by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Further functional studies were performed to identify pathogenicity of those uncertain significance variants. RESULTS We identified 11 mutations in HSP related genes including 7 novel mutations, including two (p.V1979_L1980delinsX, p.F2343 fs) in SPG11, two (p.T55 M, p.S308 T) in AP5Z1, one (p.S242 N) in ALDH18A1, one (p.D597fs) in GBA2, and one (p.Q486X) in ATP13A2 in 8 index patients and their family members. Mutations in ALDH18A1, AP5Z1, CAPN1 and ATP13A2 genes were firstly reported in the Chinese population. Furthermore, the clinical phenotypes of the patients carrying mutations were described in detail. The mutation (p.S242 N) in ALDH18A1 decreased enzyme activity of P5CS and mutations (p.T55 M, p.S308 T) in AP5Z1 induced lysosomal dysfunction. CONCLUSION Our results expanded the genetic spectrum and clinical profiles of AR-HSP patients and further demonstrated the efficiency and reliability of targeted NGS diagnosing suspected HSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Hai-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Li-Ying Pan
- Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Cong-Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Yang-Tian Yan
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Rou-Min Wang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wagner F, Titelbaum DS, Engisch R, Coskun EK, Waugh JL. Subtle Imaging Findings Aid the Diagnosis of Adolescent Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Ataxia. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 29:215-221. [PMID: 29379980 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and hereditary spastic ataxia (HSA) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity resulting from pyramidal tract dysfunction. By identifying critical imaging findings within the clinical context of spasticity, radiologists are uniquely positioned to recommend specific genetic testing, and thus facilitate diagnosis. METHODS We present two examples of HSP and HSA that had gone clinically unrecognized for years, and in which magnetic resonance imaging played a critical role in the diagnosis. RESULTS Radiologists' awareness of HSP and HSA, combined with a critical review of the clinical history and characteristic imaging findings led to specific genetic testing and a definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSION Awareness of HSP and HSA among radiologists will expedite more accurate diagnosis, explanation of patient symptoms, recommendation for syndrome-specific treatment, and family planning considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Renate Engisch
- Department of Radiology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeff L Waugh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Nan H, Shimozono K, Ichinose Y, Tsuchiya M, Koh K, Hiraide M, Takiyama Y. Exome Sequencing Reveals a Novel Homozygous Frameshift Mutation in the CYP7B1 Gene in a Japanese Patient with SPG5. Intern Med 2019; 58:719-722. [PMID: 30333426 PMCID: PMC6443544 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1839-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SPG5 is a rare subtype of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by a homozygous mutation in the oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase gene, CYP7B1. We describe the first Japanese patient with SPG5 with a novel mutation in the CYP7B1 gene. On exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous frameshift mutation, c.741delA, p.K247fs, in exon 3 of the CYP7B1 gene. The patient showed spastic paraparesis with white matter hyperintensities in the bilateral corona radiata and periventricular and subcortical regions on brain magnetic resonance imaging. The present study expands the mutation spectrum of CYP7B1 and provides an opportunity to study the genotype-phenotype correlation in SPG5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimozono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuchiya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
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37
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Yang PF, Links DJR, Petrovski J. Anesthetic Considerations for Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy in a Patient With Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A Case Report. A A Pract 2018; 11:296-298. [PMID: 29851689 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), also known as familial spastic paraparesis or Strümpell-Lorrain disease, is a rare group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive spastic weakness in the lower limbs due to axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. We describe the anesthetic management of a 52-year-old man with HSP who underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is the first report in the literature describing the anesthetic management of a patient with HSP successfully undergoing complex thoracoabdominal surgery. Key to the provision of postoperative analgesia was the intraoperative placement of catheters in the right thoracic paravertebral space and retro-rectus plane for continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% for 3 days, as well as a fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip F Yang
- From the Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J R Links
- From the Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johnny Petrovski
- Department of Anaesthetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Betancourt-Solis MA, Desai T, McNew JA. The atlastin membrane anchor forms an intramembrane hairpin that does not span the phospholipid bilayer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18514-18524. [PMID: 30287684 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of flattened sheets and interconnected tubules that extend throughout the cytosol and makes physical contact with all other cytoplasmic organelles. This cytoplasmic distribution requires continuous remodeling. These discrete ER morphologies require specialized proteins that drive and maintain membrane curvature. The GTPase atlastin is required for homotypic fusion of ER tubules. All atlastin homologs possess a conserved domain architecture consisting of a GTPase domain, a three-helix bundle middle domain, a hydrophobic membrane anchor, and a C-terminal cytosolic tail. Here, we examined several Drosophila-human atlastin chimeras to identify functional domains of human atlastin-1 in vitro Although all chimeras could hydrolyze GTP, only chimeras containing the human C-terminal tail, hydrophobic segments, or both could fuse membranes in vitro We also determined that co-reconstitution of atlastin with reticulon does not influence GTPase activity or membrane fusion. Finally, we found that both human and Drosophila atlastin hydrophobic membrane anchors do not span the membrane, but rather form two intramembrane hairpin loops. The topology of these hairpins remains static during membrane fusion and does not appear to play an active role in lipid mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanvi Desai
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - James A McNew
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
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Stavrou M, Yeo JM, Davenport R. A 57-year-old man with deteriorating mobility and deafness. Pract Neurol 2018; 18:417-420. [DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2018-001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vantaggiato C, Panzeri E, Castelli M, Citterio A, Arnoldi A, Santorelli FM, Liguori R, Scarlato M, Musumeci O, Toscano A, Clementi E, Bassi MT. ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN and SPG11/SPATACSIN mutations in hereditary spastic paraplegia types AR-SPG15 and AR-SPG11 have different effects on autophagy and endocytosis. Autophagy 2018; 15:34-57. [PMID: 30081747 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1507438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFYVE26/Spastizin and SPG11/Spatacsin encode 2 large proteins that are mutated in hereditary autosomal-recessive spastic paraplegia/paraparesis (HSP) type 15 (AR-SPG15) and type 11 (AR-SPG11), respectively. We previously have reported that AR-SPG15-related ZFYVE26 mutations lead to autophagy defects with accumulation of immature autophagosomes. ZFYVE26 and SPG11 were found to be part of a complex including the AP5 (adaptor related protein complex 5) and to have a critical role in autophagic lysosomal reformation with identification of autophagic and lysosomal defects in cells with both AR-SPG15- and AR-SPG11-related mutations. In spite of these similarities between the 2 proteins, here we report that ZFYVE26 and SPG11 are differently involved in autophagy and endocytosis. We found that both ZFYVE26 and SPG11 interact with RAB5A and RAB11, 2 proteins regulating endosome trafficking and maturation, but only ZFYVE26 mutations affected RAB protein interactions and activation. ZFYVE26 mutations lead to defects in the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes, while SPG11 mutations do not affect this step and lead to a milder autophagy defect. We thus demonstrate that ZFYVE26 and SPG11 affect the same cellular physiological processes, albeit at different levels: both proteins have a role in autophagic lysosome reformation, but only ZFYVE26 acts at the intersection between endocytosis and autophagy, thus representing a key player in these 2 processes. Indeed expression of the constitutively active form of RAB5A in cells with AR-SPG15-related mutations partially rescues the autophagy defect. Finally the model we propose demonstrates that autophagy and the endolysosomal pathway are central processes in the pathogenesis of these complicated forms of hereditary spastic paraparesis. Abbreviations: ALR, autophagic lysosome reformation; AP5, adaptor related protein complex 5; AR, autosomal-recessive; HSP, hereditary spastic paraplegia/paraparesis; ATG14, autophagy related 14; BafA, bafilomycin A1; BECN1, beclin 1; EBSS, Earle balanced salt solution; EEA1, early endosome antigen 1; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; HSP, hereditary spastic paraplegias; LBPA, lysobisphosphatidic acid; MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MVBs, multivesicular bodies; PIK3C3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RFP, red fluorescent protein; RUBCN, RUN and cysteine rich domain containing beclin 1 interacting protein; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TCC: thin corpus callosum; TF, transferrin; UVRAG, UV radiation resistance associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vantaggiato
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy
| | - Marianna Castelli
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy
| | - Andrea Citterio
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy
| | - Alessia Arnoldi
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy
| | | | - Rocco Liguori
- c Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences , Bologna , Italy
| | - Marina Scarlato
- d Dept. of Neurosciences and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) , San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy.,f Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences , University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- a Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Bosisio Parini , Lecco , Italy
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Martindale CF, Strauss M, Gassner H, List J, Muller M, Klucken J, Kohl Z, Eskofier BM. Segmentation of gait sequences using inertial sensor data in hereditary spastic paraplegia. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:1266-1269. [PMID: 29060107 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gait analysis is an important tool for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of neurological diseases. Among these are hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) whose main characteristic is heterogeneous gait disturbance. So far HSP gait has been analysed in a limited number of studies, and within a laboratory set up only. Although the rarity of orphan diseases often limits larger scale studies, the investigation of these diseases is still important, not only to the affect population, but also for other diseases which share gait characteristics.
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Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Gómez-Andrés D, Martín-Gonzalo JA, Rodríguez-Andonaegui I, López-López J, Pascual-Pascual SI, Rausell E. Gait phenotypes in paediatric hereditary spastic paraplegia revealed by dynamic time warping analysis and random forests. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518090 PMCID: PMC5843164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a wide spectrum of underlying neural pathology, and hence HSP patients express a variety of gait abnormalities. Classification of these phenotypes may help in monitoring disease progression and personalizing therapies. This is currently managed by measuring values of some kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters at certain moments during the gait cycle, either in the doctor´s surgery room or after very precise measurements produced by instrumental gait analysis (IGA). These methods, however, do not provide information about the whole structure of the gait cycle. Classification of the similarities among time series of IGA measured values of sagittal joint positions throughout the whole gait cycle can be achieved by hierarchical clustering analysis based on multivariate dynamic time warping (DTW). Random forests can estimate which are the most important isolated parameters to predict the classification revealed by DTW, since clinicians need to refer to them in their daily practice. We acquired time series of pelvic, hip, knee, ankle and forefoot sagittal angular positions from 26 HSP and 33 healthy children with an optokinetic IGA system. DTW revealed six gait patterns with different degrees of impairment of walking speed, cadence and gait cycle distribution and related with patient's age, sex, GMFCS stage, concurrence of polyneuropathy and abnormal visual evoked potentials or corpus callosum. The most important parameters to differentiate patterns were mean pelvic tilt and hip flexion at initial contact. Longer time of support, decreased values of hip extension and increased knee flexion at initial contact can differentiate the mildest, near to normal HSP gait phenotype and the normal healthy one. Increased values of knee flexion at initial contact and delayed peak of knee flexion are important factors to distinguish GMFCS stages I from II-III and concurrence of polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, TRADESMA-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Neuroimmunology and Service of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Research "August Pi Sunyer", Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (ER); (IPV)
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, TRADESMA-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Child Neurology Unit Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Reçerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, TRADESMA-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- School of Physiotherapy ONCE, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier López-López
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, TRADESMA-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, TRADESMA-IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Rausell
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, TRADESMA-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (ER); (IPV)
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Kashima R, Hata A. The role of TGF-β superfamily signaling in neurological disorders. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:106-120. [PMID: 29190314 PMCID: PMC5846707 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily signaling is involved in a variety of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult tissue homeostasis. Faulty regulation of the signaling pathway that transduces the TGF-β superfamily signals accordingly leads to a number of ailments, such as cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic, urinary, intestinal, skeletal, and immune diseases. In recent years, a number of studies have elucidated the essential roles of TGF-βs and BMPs during neuronal development in the maintenance of appropriate innervation and neuronal activity. The new advancement implicates significant roles of the aberrant TGF-β superfamily signaling in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this review, we compile a number of reports implicating the deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders in animal models and patients. We apologize in advance that the review falls short of providing details of the role of TGF-β/BMP signaling or mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The goal of this article is to reveal a gap in our knowledge regarding the association between TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways and neuronal tissue homeostasis and development and facilitate the research with a potential to develop new therapies for neurological ailments by modulating the pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kashima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Nam DE, Yoo DH, Choi SS, Choi BO, Chung KW. Wide phenotypic spectrum in axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2 patients with KIF5A mutations. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:77-84. [PMID: 29892902 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The kinesin heavy chain isoform 5A (KIF5A) gene, which encodes a microtubule-based motor protein, plays an important role in the transport of organelles in the nerve cells. Mutations in the KIF5A showed a wide phenotypic spectrum from hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) to axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy type 2 (CMT2). This study identified three pathogenic KIF5A mutations in Korean CMT2 patients by whole exome sequencing. Two mutations (p.Arg204Trp and p.Arg280His) were previously reported, but p.Leu558Pro was determined to be a novel de novo mutation. All the mutations were not observed in the healthy controls and were located in highly conserved domains among vertebrate species. The p.Arg204Trp mutation was identified from a CMT2 patient with additional complex phenotypes of HSP, ataxia, fatigability and pyramidal sign, but the p.Arg280His and p.Leu588Pro mutations were identified in each axonal CMT2 patient. The p.Arg204Trp mutation was previously reported in a HSP patient with no CMT symptom. The p.Arg280His mutation was reported in a CMT2 patient, which was similarly with our case. However, it was also once reported in a HSP patient with pes cavus. As the first report in Korea, this study identified three KIF5A mutations as the underlying cause of axonal peripheral neuropathy with or without the HSP phenotype. We confirmed a wide inter- and intra-allelic phenotypic spectrum by the mutations in the KIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gonjudaehak-ro, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gonjudaehak-ro, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
| | - Sun Seong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gonjudaehak-ro, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, and Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gonjudaehak-ro, Gongju, 32588, South Korea.
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Rinaldi M, Ranavolo A, Conforto S, Martino G, Draicchio F, Conte C, Varrecchia T, Bini F, Casali C, Pierelli F, Serrao M. Increased lower limb muscle coactivation reduces gait performance and increases metabolic cost in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2017; 48:63-72. [PMID: 28779695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the lower limb muscle coactivation and its relationship with muscles spasticity, gait performance, and metabolic cost in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis. METHODS Kinematic, kinetic, electromyographic and energetic parameters of 23 patients and 23 controls were evaluated by computerized gait analysis system. We computed ankle and knee antagonist muscle coactivation indexes throughout the gait cycle and during the subphases of gait. Energy consumption and energy recovery were measured as well. In addition to the correlation analysis between coactivation indexes and clinical variables, correlations between coactivation indexes and time-distance, kinematic, kinetic, and energetic parameters were estimated. FINDINGS Increased coactivity indexes of both knee and ankle muscles throughout the gait cycle and during the subphases of gait were observed in patients compared with controls. Energetic parameters were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Both knee and ankle muscle coactivation indexes were positively correlated with knee and ankle spasticity (Ashworth score), respectively. Knee and ankle muscle coactivation indexes were both positively correlated with energy consumption and both negatively correlated with energy recovery. INTERPRETATION Positive correlations between the Ashworth score and lower limb muscle coactivation suggest that abnormal lower limb muscle coactivation in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis reflects a primary deficit linked to lower limb spasticity. Furthermore, these abnormalities influence the energetic mechanisms during walking. Identifying excessive muscle coactivation may be helpful in individuating the rehabilitative treatments and designing specific orthosis to restrain spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rinaldi
- Department of Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Ostiense 159, 00154 Rome, Italy; Rehabilitation Centre, Policlinico Italia, Piazza del Campidano 6, 00162 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Conforto
- Department of Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Ostiense 159, 00154 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Martino
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Orazio Raimondo 18, 00173 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Piazzale Morandi 6, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiwana Varrecchia
- Department of Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Ostiense 159, 00154 Rome, Italy; Rehabilitation Centre, Policlinico Italia, Piazza del Campidano 6, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical & Thermal Measurement Lab, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Faggiana 34, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pierelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Faggiana 34, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Mariano Serrao
- Rehabilitation Centre, Policlinico Italia, Piazza del Campidano 6, 00162 Rome, Italy; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Faggiana 34, 04100 Latina, Italy.
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Minase G, Miyatake S, Nabatame S, Arai H, Koshimizu E, Mizuguchi T, Nakashima M, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Miyamoto T, Sengoku K, Matsumoto N. An atypical case of SPG56/CYP2U1-related spastic paraplegia presenting with delayed myelination. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:997-1000. [PMID: 28725025 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurological disorder characterized by a progressive spasticity and muscle weakness of the lower limbs. It is divided into two subtypes, uncomplicated and complicated forms. Biallelic mutations in the cytochrome P450 2U1 gene (CYP2U1) are associated with spastic paraplegia type 56 (SPG56), manifesting both uncomplicated and complicated HSP. Accompanying clinical features include intellectual disability, dystonia, cerebellar ataxia, subclinical peripheral neuropathy, visual impairment, as well as abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging. As a rare clinical feature, delayed myelination has previously been reported in only two patients with CYP2U1 mutations. Here, we report a patient with SPG56 with novel compound heterozygous mutations in CYP2U1 which were identified by whole exome sequencing. Our patient exhibited complex features together with delayed myelination, broadening the phenotypic spectrum of SPG56, and implying that CYP2U1 should be screened in HSP with delayed myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Minase
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Morinomiya Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Sizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sengoku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Levytskyy RM, Germany EM, Khalimonchuk O. Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteases in Neuronal Welfare. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:629-644. [PMID: 27137937 PMCID: PMC5093085 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional integrity of mitochondria is a critical determinant of neuronal health and compromised mitochondrial function is a commonly recognized factor that underlies a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic demands of neural cells require high bioenergetic outputs that are often associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Unopposed accumulation of these respiratory byproducts over time leads to oxidative damage and imbalanced protein homeostasis within mitochondrial subcompartments, which in turn may result in cellular demise. The post-mitotic nature of neurons and their vulnerability to these stress factors necessitate strict protein homeostatic control to prevent such scenarios. A series of evolutionarily conserved proteases is one of the central elements of mitochondrial quality control. These versatile proteolytic enzymes conduct a multitude of activities to preserve normal mitochondrial function during organelle biogenesis, metabolic remodeling and stress. In this review we discuss neuroprotective aspects of mitochondrial quality control proteases and neuropathological manifestations arising from defective proteolysis within the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Levytskyy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Edward M Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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48
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Yu ACS, Chan AYY, Au WC, Shen Y, Chan TF, Chan HYE. Whole-genome sequencing of two probands with hereditary spastic paraplegia reveals novel splice-donor region variant and known pathogenic variant in SPG11. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 2:a001248. [PMID: 27900367 PMCID: PMC5111012 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, which are often presented with overlapping phenotypes such as progressive paraparesis and spasticity. To assist the diagnosis of HSP subtypes, next-generation sequencing is often used to provide supporting evidence. In this study, we report the case of two probands from the same family with HSP symptoms, including bilateral lower limb weakness, unsteady gait, cognitive decline, dysarthria, and slurring of speech since the age of 14. Subsequent whole-genome sequencing revealed that the patients are compound heterozygous for variants in the SPG11 gene, including the paternally inherited c.6856C>T (p.Arg2286*) variant and the novel maternally inherited c.2316+5G>A splice-donor region variant. Variants in SPG11 are the common cause of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 11. According to the ClinVar database, there are already 101 reported pathogenic variants in SPG11 that are associated with HSPs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SPG11 variants in our local population. The novel splice variant identified in this study enriches the catalog of SPG11 variants, potentially leading to better genetic diagnosis of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Chi-Shing Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR;; Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Anne Yin-Yan Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wing Chi Au
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR;; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yun Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR;; Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR;; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ho-Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR;; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
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Serrao M, Rinaldi M, Ranavolo A, Lacquaniti F, Martino G, Leonardi L, Conte C, Varrecchia T, Draicchio F, Coppola G, Casali C, Pierelli F. Gait Patterns in Patients with Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164623. [PMID: 27732632 PMCID: PMC5061421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spastic gait is a key feature in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis, but the gait characterization and the relationship between the gait impairment and clinical characteristics have not been investigated. Objectives To describe the gait patterns in hereditary spastic paraparesis and to identify subgroups of patients according to specific kinematic features of walking. Methods We evaluated fifty patients by computerized gait analysis and compared them to healthy participants. We computed time-distance parameters of walking and the range of angular motion at hip, knee, and ankle joints, and at the trunk and pelvis. Lower limb joint moments and muscle co-activation values were also evaluated. Results We identified three distinct subgroups of patients based on the range of motion values. Subgroup one was characterized by reduced hip, knee, and ankle joint range of motion. These patients were the most severely affected from a clinical standpoint, had the highest spasticity, and walked at the slowest speed. Subgroup three was characterized by an increased hip joint range of motion, but knee and ankle joint range of motion values close to control values. These patients were the most mildly affected and had the highest walking speed. Finally, subgroup two showed reduced knee and ankle joint range of motion, and hip range of motion values close to control values. Disease severity and gait speed in subgroup two were between those of subgroups one and three. Conclusions We identified three distinctive gait patterns in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis that correlated robustly with clinical data. Distinguishing specific features in the gait patterns of these patients may help tailor pharmacological and rehabilitative treatments and may help evaluate therapeutic effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Serrao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
- Rehabilitation Centre, Policlinico Italia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lacquaniti
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martino
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Leonardi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- G.B. Bietti Foundation-IRCCS, Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Pierelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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Modeling Axonal Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:339-354. [PMID: 27956894 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical motor neurons, also known as upper motor neurons, are large projection neurons whose axons convey signals to lower motor neurons to control the muscle movements. Degeneration of cortical motor neuron axons is implicated in several debilitating disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since the discovery of the first HSP gene, SPAST that encodes spastin, over 70 distinct genetic loci associated with HSP have been identified. How the mutations of these functionally diverse genes result in axonal degeneration and why certain axons are affected in HSP remains largely unknown. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers an excellent resource to generate patient-specific human neurons to model human neuropathologic processes including axonal defects. METHODS In this article, we will frst review the pathology and pathways affected in the common forms of HSP subtypes by searching the PubMed database. We will then summurize the findings and insights gained from studies using iPSC-based models, and discuss the challenges and future directions. RESULTS HSPs, a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, are characterized by lower extremity weakness and spasticity that result from retrograde axonal degeneration of cortical motor neurons. Recently, iPSCs have been generated from several common forms of HSP including SPG4, SPG3A, and SPG11 patients. Neurons derived from HSP iPSCs exhibit disease-relevant axonal defects, such as impaired neurite outgrowth, increased axonal swellings, and reduced axonal transport. CONCLUSION These patient-derived neurons offer unique tools to study the pathogenic mechanisms and explore the treatments for rescuing axonal defects in HSP, as well as other diseases involving axonopathy.
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