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Conci N, Tassinari E, Tateo V, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Ricci C, Chessa F, Santoni M, Grande E, Mollica V, Massari F. How Do Molecular Classifications Affect the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma? Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:37-51. [PMID: 37874465 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant improvements in the field of oncological treatments in recent decades, and the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder remains a highly heterogeneous and difficult-to-treat neoplasm with a poor prognosis. In this context, owing to the new methods of genomic sequencing, numerous studies have analyzed the genetic features of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, providing a consensus set of molecular classes, to identify malignancies that may respond better to specific treatments (standard chemotherapy, immunotherapy, target therapy, local-regional treatment, or combinations) and improve the survival. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of the current status of the molecular landscape of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, focusing our attention on therapeutic and prognostic implications in order to select the most effective and tailored therapeutic regimen for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Conci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Tateo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Costantino Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital-AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Chessa
- Division of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Enrique Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Whynot EG, Tomko AM, Dupré DJ. Anticancer properties of cannabidiol and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synergistic effects with gemcitabine and cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:7. [PMID: 36870996 PMCID: PMC9985258 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the legalization of cannabis in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world, a larger proportion of the population consumes cannabis. Several studies have demonstrated anti-tumor effects of components present in cannabis in different models. Unfortunately, little is known about the potential anti-tumoral effects of cannabinoids in bladder cancer and how cannabinoids could potentially synergize with chemotherapeutic agents. Our study aims to identify whether a combination of cannabinoids, like cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, with agents commonly used to treat bladder cancer, such as gemcitabine and cisplatin, can produce desirable synergistic effects. We also evaluated if co-treatment with different cannabinoids resulted in synergistic effects. METHODS We generated concentration curves with several drugs, including several cannabinoids, to identify the range at which they could exert anti-tumor effects in bladder cancer cell lines. We tested the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine (up to 100 nM), cisplatin (up to 100 μM), and cannabinoids (up to 10 μM) in T24 and TCCSUP cells. We also evaluated the activation of the apoptotic cascade and whether cannabinoids have the ability to reduce invasion in T24 cells. RESULTS Cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabichromene, and cannabivarin reduce cell viability of bladder cancer cell lines, and their combination with gemcitabine or cisplatin may induce differential responses, from antagonistic to additive and synergistic effects, depending on the concentrations used. Cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol were also shown to induce apoptosis via caspase-3 cleavage and reduce invasion in a Matrigel assay. Cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol also display synergistic properties with other cannabinoids like cannabichromene or cannabivarin, although individual cannabinoids may be sufficient to reduce cell viability of bladder cancer cell lines. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that cannabinoids can reduce human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell viability, and that they can potentially exert synergistic effects when combined with other agents. Our in vitro results will form the basis for future studies in vivo and in clinical trials for the development of new therapies that could be beneficial for the treatment of bladder cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Whynot
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO BOX 15 000, 5850 College St., Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Andrea M. Tomko
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO BOX 15 000, 5850 College St., Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Denis J. Dupré
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO BOX 15 000, 5850 College St., Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
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Yang R, Chen JX, Luo SH, Chen TT, Chen LW, Huang B. Bladder preservation in complicated invasive urothelial carcinoma following treatment with cisplatin/gemcitabine plus tislelizumab: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1165-1174. [PMID: 36874416 PMCID: PMC9979306 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i5.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) with squamous and glandular differentiation is a highly malignant and complicated pathological subtype, and the standard care is radical cystectomy (RC). However, urinary diversion after RC significantly reduces patient quality of life, thus bladder-sparing therapy has become a research hotspot in this field. Recently, five immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for systemic therapy of locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer by the Food and Drug Administration, but the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for invasive UC is still unknown, especially for pathological subtypes with squamous and glandular differentiation.
CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 60-year-old male who complained of repetitive painless gross hematuria and was diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with squamous and glandular differentiation, defined as cT3N1M0 according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, who had a strong desire to preserve the bladder. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the tumor was positive. Thus, a transurethral resection to maximize removal of the bladder tumor was performed under cystoscopy, and the patient subsequently received a combination of chemotherapy (cisplatin/gemcitabine) and immunotherapy (tislelizumab) treatment. No tumor recurrence in the bladder was observed following pathological and imaging examination after 2 cycles and 4 cycles of treatment, respectively. The patient achieved bladder preservation and has been tumor-free for more than two years.
CONCLUSION This case shows that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy might be an effective and safe treatment strategy for PD-L1 expression positive UC with divergent histologic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Xing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ling-Wu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Preoperative CT features to predict risk stratification of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:659-668. [PMID: 36454277 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether preoperative CT features can be used to predict risk stratification of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). METHODS The 168 patients with pathologically confirmed NMIBC who underwent preoperative CT urography were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into training (n = 117) and testing (n = 51) sets. According to the European Association of Urology Guidelines, patients were classified into low-risk (n = 50), medium-risk (n = 23), and high-risk (n = 95) groups. A random over-sample was performed to handle the offset caused by the unbalanced groups. We measured some CT features that may help stratify which for modeling were determined using an F-test-based feature selection with a tenfold cross-validation procedure, and the Gaussian Naive Bayes model was trained on the entire training set. In the testing set, the performance of the model was evaluated. RESULTS The selected CT features were the maximum and the minimum diameter of the largest tumor, whether the largest tumor is located at the trigone, and tumor number. In the testing set, the model reached a macro- and micro- AUC of 0.783 and 0.745 with an accuracy of 0.529. As for the one-vs-rest problem, the model was most effective in identifying low-risk individuals, with an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.870, 0.647, 1.000, and 0.438, respectively; the medium-risk group reached 0.814, 0.882, 0.250, and 0.936, respectively; the identification of the high-risk group was harder, going 0.665, 0.529, 0.250, and 0.870, respectively. CONCLUSION It is feasible to predict the risk stratification of NMIBC using preoperative CT features.
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Tomko AM, Whynot EG, Dupré DJ. Anti-cancer properties of cannflavin A and potential synergistic effects with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and cannabinoids in bladder cancer. J Cannabis Res 2022; 4:41. [PMID: 35869542 PMCID: PMC9306207 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-022-00151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have shown anti-tumor effects of components present in cannabis in different models. Unfortunately, little is known about the potential anti-tumoral effects of most compounds present in cannabis in bladder cancer and how these compounds could potentially positively or negatively impact the actions of chemotherapeutic agents. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of a compound found in Cannabis sativa that has not been extensively studied to date, cannflavin A, in bladder cancer cell lines. We aimed to identify whether cannflavin A co-treatment with agents commonly used to treat bladder cancer, such as gemcitabine and cisplatin, is able to produce synergistic effects. We also evaluated whether co-treatment of cannflavin A with various cannabinoids could produce synergistic effects. Methods Two transitional cell carcinoma cell lines were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of the flavonoid cannflavin A up to 100 μM. We tested the potential synergistic cytotoxic effects of cannflavin A with gemcitabine (up to 100 nM), cisplatin (up to 100 μM), and cannabinoids (up to 10 μM). We also evaluated the activation of the apoptotic cascade using annexin V and whether cannflavin A has the ability to reduce invasion using a Matrigel assay. Results Cell viability of bladder cancer cell lines was affected in a concentration-dependent fashion in response to cannflavin A, and its combination with gemcitabine or cisplatin induced differential responses—from antagonistic to additive—and synergism was also observed in some instances, depending on the concentrations and drugs used. Cannflavin A also activated apoptosis via caspase 3 cleavage and was able to reduce invasion by 50%. Interestingly, cannflavin A displayed synergistic properties with other cannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, and cannabivarin in the bladder cancer cell lines. Discussion Our results indicate that compounds from Cannabis sativa other than cannabinoids, like the flavonoid cannflavin A, can be cytotoxic to human bladder transitional carcinoma cells and that this compound can exert synergistic effects when combined with other agents. In vivo studies will be needed to confirm the activity of cannflavin A as a potential agent for bladder cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42238-022-00151-y.
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Gender and Advanced Urothelial Cancer: Outcome, Efficacy and Toxicity following Chemotherapy. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070886. [PMID: 35888605 PMCID: PMC9318271 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The incidence of urothelial cancer in males is higher than in females; however, females have a higher risk of recurrence and progression. The aim of our study was to report the effect of gender on the oncological outcome in advanced urothelial cancer. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective study, all patients had undergone primary surgical treatment for urothelial cancer and were affected by stage IV disease at the time of chemotherapy. Response to therapy and toxicity were evaluated. Subgroups were analyzed for tumour presentation, first- and second-line treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results. Seventy-five patients, 18 (24%) females and 57 (76%) males, were considered. Investigation into the distribution of individual characteristics according to gender revealed a significant difference only for smoking, with a prevalence of smokers in women (p = 0.029). At the end of follow-up, OS was higher in females (27.5% vs. 17.4%; p = 0.047). Smoking did not significantly influence OS (p = 0.055), while univariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that males had a higher risk of death (HR = 2.28, 95% CI 0.99–129 5.25), with borderline statistical significance (p = 0.053). Men showed higher PFS than women both after first-line (p = 0.051) and second-line chemotherapy (p = 0.018), with a lower risk of progression (HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.10–0.86; p = 0.026). No differences were found between genders with regard to toxicity. Conclusions. In our series, PFS rates following first- and second-line therapies for advanced urothelial carcinoma confirmed that females have a greater risk of progression than males.
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Harold JA, Casilla-Lennon M, Kenney PA, Ratner ES. Vesical clear cell adenocarcinoma of Müllerian origin treated conservatively with partial cystectomy. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e245015. [PMID: 35383096 PMCID: PMC8984011 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old woman presented with an intravesical bladder mass found to be a clear cell adenocarcinoma of Müllerian origin with positive PAX-8 staining after transurethral resection. Partial cystectomy along with total hysterectomy were performed, and final pathology revealed no residual tumour and extensive endometriosis. She declined adjuvant therapy and was dispositioned to surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Harold
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Patrick A Kenney
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena S Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lu J, Zhao M, Wu C, Chu C, Zhang CZ, Cao Y. Comparison of RNAscope and immunohistochemistry for evaluation of the UPK2 status in urothelial carcinoma tissues. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:10. [PMID: 35027056 PMCID: PMC8759216 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UPK2 exhibits excellent specificity for urothelial carcinoma (UC). UPK2 evaluation can be useful in making the correct diagnosis of UC. However, UPK2 detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has relatively low sensitivity. This paper aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of RNAscope and IHC for evaluation of the UPK2 status in UC. METHODS Tissue blocks from 127 conventional bladder UCs, 45 variant bladder UCs, 24 upper tract UCs and 23 metastatic UCs were selected for this study. IHC and RNAscope were used to detect the UPK2 status in UCs. Then, comparisons of the two methods were undertaken. RESULTS There was no significant difference between RNAscope and IHC for the evaluation of the UPK2 positivity rate in UC (68.0% vs. 62.6%, P = 0.141). Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation for detection of UPK2: RNAscope vs. IHC (P < 0.001, R = 0.441). Our results showed a trend toward a higher positive UPK2 rate detected by RNAscope (53.3%) than by IHC (35.6%) in variant bladder UCs. Disappointingly, the P value did not indicate a significant difference (P = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS RNAscope for UPK2 appeared to perform similarly to IHC, with a marginally higher positive rate, suggesting it could be used as an alternative or adjunct to UPK2 IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hosipital Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chenyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengbiao Chu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Wang G, Yuan R, Zhou C, Guo C, Villamil C, Hayes M, Eigl BJ, Black P. Urinary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 22 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1399-1408. [PMID: 34074810 PMCID: PMC8428850 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary tract is a rare disease. We present a relatively large retrospective cohort of urinary LCNEC, 20 from the urinary bladder, and 2 from the ureter, from a single institution. The patients included 16 men and 6 women with a median age of 74.5 years. Most LCNEC presented at an advanced stage with tumors invading the muscularis propria and beyond (21/22). Eight cases were pure LCNEC, while 14 cases were mixed with other histologic types, including conventional urothelial carcinoma (n=9), carcinoma in situ (n=7), small cell carcinoma (n=6), and urothelial carcinoma with glandular (n=3) features. Most LCNEC expressed neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin (22/22), chromogranin (13/16), CD56 (7/7), TTF1 (8/8), and INSM1 (2/3). They were negative for common urothelial markers including HMWCK (0/3), p40/p63 (0/6), CK20 (0/10), and had variable GATA3 staining (4/8). Ki-67 stained 25% to nearly 100% tumor cell nuclei. Patient survival was associated with cancer stage, and pure LCNEC showed worse survival than mixed LCNEC. Compared with small cell carcinoma at similar stages from a prior study, LCNEC had a worse prognosis only when patients developed metastatic disease. For organ-confined LCNEC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical resection is the treatment option to achieve long-term survival.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/mortality
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Cystectomy
- Databases, Factual
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
- Ureteral Neoplasms/chemistry
- Ureteral Neoplasms/mortality
- Ureteral Neoplasms/pathology
- Ureteral Neoplasms/therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemistry
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Departments of Pathology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ren Yuan
- Radiology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chen Zhou
- Departments of Pathology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles Guo
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carlos Villamil
- Departments of Pathology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Malcolm Hayes
- Departments of Pathology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard J. Eigl
- Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Vancouver Centre
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Black
- Department of Urology, Vancouver General Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Rana C, Babu S, Agarwal H, Singhai A, Kumar M, Singh V, Sinha RJ, Shankhwar SN. Diagnostic Relevance of GATA 3 Expression in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma of Divergent Differentiation and Other Histological Variants. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12:678-685. [DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Daneshmand S, Nazemi A. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Variant Histology Bladder Cancer: Current Evidence. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6:639-641. [PMID: 32451316 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in variant histology bladder cancers has yet to be validated in randomized control trials. Several case series have reported experience with NAC in the setting of variant histology. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed outcomes for patients with variant histology muscle-invasive bladder cancer who received chemotherapy before cystectomy. Outcomes varied significantly in the current literature. The best outcomes are associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for small cell variants, while there is potential benefit with the use of NAC for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Nazemi
- USC Aresty Department of Urology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Seyer AK, Lehman HL, DeGraff DJ. Modeling Tumor Heterogeneity in Bladder Cancer: The Current State of the Field and Future Needs. Bladder Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-199009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Seyer
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Heather L. Lehman
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA
| | - David J. DeGraff
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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What Is the Prognostic and Clinical Importance of Urothelial and Nonurothelial Histological Variants of Bladder Cancer in Predicting Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer? A European Association of Urology Muscle Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel Systematic Review. Eur Urol Oncol 2019; 2:625-642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Koguchi D, Matsumoto K, Ikeda M, Taoka Y, Hirayama T, Murakami Y, Utsunomiya T, Matsuda D, Okuno N, Irie A, Iwamura M. Histologic variants associated with biological aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients treated with radical cystectomy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:373-378. [PMID: 30753532 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of histologic variants (HV) after radical cystectomy (RC) remains controversial. We evaluated the clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with pure urothelial carcinoma (UC) and HV following RC. METHODS From 1990 to 2015, 286 patients with bladder cancer were treated with RC at six Kitasato University-affiliated hospitals. All patients were divided into two groups: pure UC and HV, which contained pure variants and mixed-type UC with variant pattern. A comparison of patient characteristics between the two groups was made to assess the clinicopathological features, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate prognosis in the two groups. RESULTS Of the 286 patients, 226 (79%) had pure UC, while 60 (21%) had HV. Of all HV, pure variants accounted for 45% (n = 27). The prevalence of lymph node involvement, locally advanced stage (≥ pT3), positive soft tissue surgical margin and lymphovascular invasion were significantly higher in patients with HV than in those with pure UC. Patients with HV showed worse disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival than those with pure UC (P = 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). In multivariate analysis, HV and lymph node involvement were independent predictors of worse disease-free survival (P = 0.017 and 0.001, respectively). HV, locally advanced stage, lymph node involvement, and positive soft tissue surgical margin were also confirmed as independent predictors of worse cancer-specific survival (P = 0.011, 0.012, 0.003 and 0.010, respectively.). CONCLUSIONS HV was associated with greater biological aggressiveness and worse prognosis than pure UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Urology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Taoka
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hirayama
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yasukiyo Murakami
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takuji Utsunomiya
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Sagamihara Kyodo Hospital, Kanagawa 252-5188, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuda
- Department of Urology, Higashiyamato Hospital, Tokyo 207-0014, Japan
| | - Norihiko Okuno
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan
| | - Akira Irie
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Iwamura
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsironis
- Haematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotle Bamias
- Haematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Berg S, D’Andrea D, Vetterlein MW, Cole AP, Fletcher SA, Krimphove MJ, Marchese M, Lipsitz SR, Sonpavde G, Noldus J, Shariat SF, Kibel AS, Trinh Q, Mossanen M. Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with adverse features and variant histology at radical cystectomy for muscle‐invasive carcinoma of the bladder: Does histologic subtype matter? Cancer 2019; 125:1449-1458. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Berg
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Urology and Neurourology Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr‐University Bochum Herne Germany
| | - David D’Andrea
- Department of Urology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Malte W. Vetterlein
- Department of Urology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Alexander P. Cole
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sean A. Fletcher
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Marieke J. Krimphove
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Urology University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Maya Marchese
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Stuart R. Lipsitz
- Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Joachim Noldus
- Department of Urology and Neurourology Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr‐University Bochum Herne Germany
| | | | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Quoc‐Dien Trinh
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Mossanen
- Division of Urology and Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
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17
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Davaro F, Schaefer J, May A, Raza J, Siddiqui S, Hamilton Z. Invasive non-urachal adenocarcinoma of the bladder: analysis of the National Cancer Database. World J Urol 2018; 37:497-505. [PMID: 30030660 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the United States National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2015 and analyze survival outcomes of invasive non-urachal adenocarcinoma based on treatment modality. METHODS The NCDB 2004-2015 bladder dataset was queried for adenocarcinoma histology, excluding urachal variant, and limited to patients with clinical stage T2-T4 disease. Treatment modality was categorized as no treatment, cystectomy (partial or radical), external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), or EBRT plus cystectomy. Our primary outcome was overall survival. Cox regression (CR) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis were performed. RESULTS 851 patients were identified with invasive (cT2-T4) adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Treatment modalities included 398 (47.8%) no treatment, 298 (35.8%) cystectomy, 124 (14.9%) EBRT, and 31 (3.7%) EBRT plus cystectomy. On KM analysis excluding those with metastatic disease, the 5-year survival was significantly better (p < 0.001) for patients who underwent cystectomy (39.6%), versus no treatment (21.0%), EBRT (18.6%), or EBRT plus cystectomy (26.9%) (log rank, p < 0.001). On CR for mortality, age (HR 1.030, p < 0.001), Charlson score 1 (HR 1.287, p = 0.034), cT4 (HR 1.768, p < 0.001), and receiving treatment at a low-volume center (HR 1.289, p = 0.026) were associated with worsened survival; however, cystectomy (HR 0.593, p < 0.001) was the only factor associated with improved survival. For those undergoing cystectomy, the mean length of stay was 8.5 days and the 30-day readmission rate was 7.0%. CONCLUSIONS Invasive non-urachal adenocarcinoma of the bladder is a rare diagnosis. Survival benefits in patients without metastatic disease are seen only in those patients undergoing definitive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Davaro
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, 3rd Floor Desloge Towers, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jared Schaefer
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, 3rd Floor Desloge Towers, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Allison May
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, 3rd Floor Desloge Towers, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Johar Raza
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, 3rd Floor Desloge Towers, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sameer Siddiqui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, 3rd Floor Desloge Towers, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zachary Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, 3rd Floor Desloge Towers, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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18
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Wang G, Xiao L, Zhang M, Kamat AM, Siefker-Radtke A, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 81 cases. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:57-65. [PMID: 29763719 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the bladder is a rare disease. We retrospectively studied a large series of bladder SmCC from a single institution. The patients included 69 men and 12 women with a mean age of 68 years. Most bladder SmCCs were presented at advanced stage, with tumors invading the muscularis propria and beyond (n = 77). SmCC was pure in 27 cases and mixed with other histologic types in 54 cases, including urothelial carcinoma (UC) (n = 32), UC in situ (n = 26), glandular (n = 14), micropapillary (n = 4), sarcomatoid (n = 4), squamous (n = 3), and plasmacytoid (n = 1) features. Most SmCCs expressed neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin (41/56), chromogranin (26/55), and CD56 (39/41); however, they did not express UC luminal markers CK20 (0/17), GATA3 (1/30), and uroplakin II (1/22). Some SmCCs showed focal expression of CK5/6 (9/25), a marker for the basal molecular subtype. Furthermore, expression of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene protein was lost in most of the bladder SmCCs (2/23). The patients' survival was significantly associated with cancer stage but did not show a significant difference between mixed and pure SmCCs. Compared with conventional UC at similar stages, SmCC had a worse prognosis only when patients developed metastatic diseases. In conclusion, bladder SmCC is an aggressive disease that is frequently present at an advanced stage. A fraction of SmCCs show a basal molecular subtype, which may underlie its good response to chemotherapy. Inactivation of the RB1 gene may be implicated in the oncogenesis of bladder SmCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arlene Siefker-Radtke
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Vetterlein MW, Seisen T, Leow JJ, Preston MA, Sun M, Friedlander DF, Meyer CP, Chun FKH, Lipsitz SR, Menon M, Kibel AS, Bellmunt J, Choueiri TK, Trinh QD. Effect of Nonurothelial Histologic Variants on the Outcomes of Radical Cystectomy for Nonmetastatic Muscle-invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:S1558-7673(17)30248-3. [PMID: 28899722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge of the comparative oncologic outcomes of histologic variants after radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) relies on small case series. We compared the effect of pure squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine carcinoma compared with pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC) on overall survival (OS) and pathologic tumor, lymph node, and surgical margin status after RC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the National Cancer Database, we retrospectively examined patients undergoing RC for MIBC from 2003 to 2011. Our cohort was stratified according to histologic type and included only pure variants: squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine, and PUC. Inverse probability weighting-adjusted and facility-clustered Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of histologic variants versus PUC on OS and pathologic outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 475 (4.4%), 224 (2.1%), 155 (1.4%), and 10,033 (92.2%) patients underwent RC for MIBC with pure squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and PUC, respectively. In inverse probability weighting-adjusted analyses, squamous cell (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.49; P = .006) and neuroendocrine (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.21-1.95; P < .001) types were associated with worse OS relative to PUC. Squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.23-2.04; P < .001), adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.14; P = .030), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.58-3.55; P < .001) at diagnosis were associated with greater odds of ≥ pT3 disease. The squamous cell and neuroendocrine variants were associated with decreased (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91; P = .012) and increased (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.06-2.37; P = .026) odds of pN+ disease, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was associated with greater odds of positive margins (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.39-3.30; P = .001). CONCLUSION Pure squamous cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma histologic types were associated with worse OS relative to PUC. However, no difference was found between adenocarcinoma and PUC. All histologic variants were associated with higher tumor stage at surgery compared with PUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte W Vetterlein
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seisen
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Urology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey J Leow
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Urology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark A Preston
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maxine Sun
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David F Friedlander
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christian P Meyer
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix K-H Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Stuart R Lipsitz
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mani Menon
- Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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20
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Vetterlein MW, Wankowicz SAM, Seisen T, Lander R, Löppenberg B, Chun FKH, Menon M, Sun M, Barletta JA, Choueiri TK, Bellmunt J, Trinh QD, Preston MA. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with variant histology. Cancer 2017; 123:4346-4355. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte W. Vetterlein
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Stephanie A. M. Wankowicz
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Seisen
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Urology; Pitié-Salpêtriére Hospital, Pierre and Marie Curie University; Paris France
| | - Richard Lander
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Björn Löppenberg
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Urology; Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum; Herne Germany
| | - Felix K.-H. Chun
- Department of Urology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Mani Menon
- Center for Outcomes Research; Analytics and Evaluation, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System; Detroit Michigan
| | - Maxine Sun
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Justine A. Barletta
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Mark A. Preston
- Division of Urological Surgery; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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21
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Kim JK, Moon KC, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim HH, Ku JH. Variant histology as a significant predictor of survival after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:458.e9-458.e15. [PMID: 28347659 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Fox MD, Xiao L, Zhang M, Kamat AM, Siefker-Radtke A, Zhang L, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 49 Cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:500-506. [PMID: 28371875 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the bladder is a rare histologic variant. We retrospectively analyzed a large series of bladder PUC from a single institution. METHODS The patients consisted of 44 men and five women with a mean age of 62 years (range, 45-86 years). RESULTS PUC was pure in 23 cases and mixed with other histologic types in 26 cases. All PUCs diffusely invaded the bladder wall. Most PUCs lacked immunoreactivity for the retinoblastoma (RB) gene protein (12/32) and E-cadherin (8/30). Of the 44 patients with follow-up information, 25 died of PUC at a mean of 23 months, whereas 19 patients were alive at a mean of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that bladder PUC is a highly aggressive disease. The lack of E-cadherin expression in PUCs may underlie the distinct discohesive histologic appearance, and abnormal function of the RB gene may be implicated in the development of PUC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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23
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Li Z, Liao H, Tan Z, Mao D, Wu Y, Xiao YM, Yang SK, Zhong L. Micropapillary bladder cancer: a clinico-pathological characterization and treatment analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1217-1224. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Cohen AJ, Packiam V, Nottingham C, Steinberg G, Smith ND, Patel S. Upstaging of nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer at the time of surgical treatment in the National Cancer Data Base. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:34.e1-34.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Rodríguez-Cabello MA, Méndez-Rubio S, Sanz-Miguelañez JL, Saenz-Medina J, Garrido-Abad P, Del-Barrio-Díaz-Aldagalan A, López-Elzaurdia C, Platas-Sancho A. Lymphoepithelioma-Like Bladder Carcinoma: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge. Contribution Using a New Case and Review of the Literature. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 15:e507-e515. [PMID: 28139445 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Ramos JD, Casey MF, Crabb SJ, Bamias A, Harshman LC, Wong YN, Bellmunt J, De Giorgi U, Ladoire S, Powles T, Pal SK, Niegisch G, Recine F, Alva A, Agarwal N, Necchi A, Vaishampayan UN, Rosenberg JE, Galsky MD, Yu EY. Venous thromboembolism in metastatic urothelial carcinoma or variant histologies: incidence, associative factors, and effect on survival. Cancer Med 2016; 6:186-194. [PMID: 28000388 PMCID: PMC5269690 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in cancer patients. However, little is known about VTE risk in metastatic urothelial carcinoma or variant histologies (UC/VH). We sought to characterize the incidence, associative factors, including whether various chemotherapy regimens portend different risk, and impact of VTE on survival in metastatic UC/VH patients. Patients diagnosed with metastatic UC/VH from 2000 to 2013 were included in this multicenter retrospective, international study from 29 academic institutions. Cumulative and 6‐month VTE incidence rates were determined. The association of first‐line chemotherapy (divided into six groups) and other baseline characteristics on VTE were analyzed. Each chemotherapy treatment group and statistically significant baseline clinical characteristics were assessed in a multivariate, competing‐risk regression model. VTE patients were matched to non‐VTE patients to determine the impact of VTE on overall survival. In all, 1762 patients were eligible for analysis. There were 144 (8.2%) and 90 (5.1%) events cumulative and within the first 6 months, respectively. VTE rates based on chemotherapy group demonstrated no statistical difference when gemcitabine/cisplatin was used as the comparator. Non‐urotheilal histology (SHR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.72–4.16, P < 0.001), moderate to severe renal dysfunction (SHR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.26–3.59, P = 0.005), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors (SHR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.49–3.45, P = 0.001) were associated with increased VTE rates. Overall survival was worse in patients with VTE (median 6.0 m vs. 10.2 m, P < 0.001). Thus, in metastatic UC/VH patients, VTE is common and has a negative impact on survival. We identified multiple associated potential risk factors, although different chemotherapy regimens did not alter risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin F Casey
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Ning Wong
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Georges François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, England
| | | | | | - Federica Recine
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ajjai Alva
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Andrea Necchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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The prognostic impact of squamous and glandular differentiation for upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy. World J Urol 2015; 34:871-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-015-1715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Molina-Cerrillo J, Martínez-Sáez O, Alonso-Gordoa T, Tirado-Zambrano P, Delgado-Vargas B, Earl J, Grande E. Primary Sarcomatoid Tumor of the Bladder: A Different Entity but the Same Approach? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13:493-8. [PMID: 26027772 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer remains a frequent cancer worldwide, and most tumors are diagnosed at localized stages. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for 90% of bladder cancer cases. Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SaC) of the bladder is a rare variant (0.5% of total bladder cancers) characterized by 2 components based on histology; the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, which can be easily differentiated by immunohistochemistry. SaC has similar epidemiologic features to UC but different behavior, aggressiveness, and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the main differences between UC bladder cancers and SaC subtypes. The therapeutic strategies used in SaC today do not differ much from those used for the urothelial variant. However, there is still no standard treatment--the result of a lack of clinical trials for the sarcomatoid variant. Further multicenter comparative studies are needed to devise a better treatment strategy for patients with this rare histologic tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Martínez-Sáez
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Julie Earl
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Grande
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim HS, Moon KC, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim HH, Ku JH. Histological variant as the significant predictor of survival in patients with lymph node positive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9626. [PMID: 25959144 PMCID: PMC4427059 DOI: 10.1038/srep09626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of histological variants of urothelial carcinoma (UC) on survival outcomes in patients with lymph node (LN) positive UC of the bladder. We reviewed and analyzed the clinical data from 424 patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for UC of the bladder and who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our institution between 1991 and 2012. In total, 92 patients (21.7%) had histologically confirmed LN positive disease. In the LN negative group (332 patients), histological variants of UC were not a significant predictor in univariate analysis. However, in the LN positive group, histological variants of UC were a significant independent prognostic factor of overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 3.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77–7.08, p < 0.001) and cancer specific survival (HR 3.66; 95% CI 1.69–7.90, p = 0.001) in both uni-variate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The presence of histological variants of UC may indicate a worse prognosis in LN positive patients after RC with PLND for UC of the bladder and more aggressive adjuvant therapy may be required for the improvement of postoperative survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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First-Line Treatment and Prognostic Factors of Metastatic Bladder Cancer for Platinum-Eligible Patients. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29:319-28, ix-x. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li W, Liang Y, Deavers MT, Kamat AM, Matin SF, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Uroplakin II is a more sensitive immunohistochemical marker than uroplakin III in urothelial carcinoma and its variants. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:864-71. [PMID: 25389341 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp1j0jpjbpsuxf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uroplakin (UP) II and UPIII are highly specific immunohistochemical markers for urothelial differentiation. Here we studied the sensitivity of UPII and UPIII in conventional and variant urothelial carcinomas (UCs). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for UPII and UPIII was performed on tissue microarray slides, including 105 conventional bladder UCs (BUCs), 90 upper urinary tract UCs (UUTUCs), and 47 micropapillary, 16 plasmacytoid, 22 small cell carcinoma, and 41 sarcomatoid UC variants. RESULTS UPII expression was significantly higher than UPIII expression in conventional BUC (44% vs 17%, P < .001) and UUTUC (67% vs 46%, P = .045). UPIII expression was significantly higher in UUTUC than in BUC (P < .001). In UC variants, UPII expression was significantly higher than UPIII expression in micropapillary (91% vs 25%, P < .001), plasmacytoid (63% vs 6%, P < .001), and sarcomatoid (29% vs 5%, P = .032) variants. Only rare cases of the small cell carcinoma variant had focal UPII and UPIII expression. Compared with conventional UC, the sarcomatoid variant had significantly lower UPII expression, whereas the micropapillary variant had significantly higher UPII expression (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS UPII demonstrates a significantly higher sensitivity than UPIII in conventional and variant UCs. Thus, UPII is a more valuable marker than UPIII in immunohistochemical analyses for confirming the urothelial origin of carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Michael T. Deavers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ashish M. Kamat
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Surena F. Matin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Charles C. Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Concordance and Clinical Significance of Uncommon Variants of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in Transurethral Resection and Radical Cystectomy Specimens. Urology 2014; 84:1141-6. [PMID: 25239253 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Lee YJ, Moon KC, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim HH, Ku JH. Impact of squamous and glandular differentiation on oncologic outcomes in upper and lower tract urothelial carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107027. [PMID: 25191845 PMCID: PMC4156382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prognostic significance of squamous and/or glandular differentiation in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Materials and Methods Among 800 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy or nephroureterectomy at our institution from January 1990 to December 2010, 696 patients were included for the analysis. Clinicopathologic variables were compared according to the presence of squamous and/or glandular differentiation and the tumor location. Results A total of 51 (7.3%) patients had squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Patients with squamous and/or glandular differentiation had higher pathological T stage (p<0.001) and grade (p<0.001) than those with pure form of UC. After the median follow-up of 55.2 months, 84 (24.6%) and 82 (23.1%) died of upper urinary tract UC and UC of bladder, respectively. Patients with squamous and/or glandular differentiation in upper urinary tract UC showed poorer cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p<0.001) than those with pure form in upper urinary tract UC (p<0.001), but not in UC of bladder (p = 0.178 for CSS and p = 0.172 for OS). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, squamous and/or glandular differentiation was an independent predictor of CSS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–2.85, p = 0.023), but it was not associated with OS (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.00–2.32, p = 0.051). Conclusions The presence of variant histology could be associated with poorer survival outcome in patients with UC. Squamous and/or glandular differentiation is associated with features of biologically aggressive disease and an independent predictor of CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Liang Y, Heitzman J, Kamat AM, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Differential expression of GATA-3 in urothelial carcinoma variants. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1466-72. [PMID: 24745616 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) is a novel immunohistochemical marker for urothelial carcinoma (UC); however, few studies have investigated GATA-3's role as a marker for UC variants. We used immunohistochemistry to assess GATA-3 expression in different UC variants, including micropapillary (n = 46), sarcomatoid (n = 43), small cell carcinoma (n = 22), and plasmacytoid (n = 16) variants, and we also compared GATA-3 expression in conventional bladder UC (n = 103) to that in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14). GATA-3 expression was present in 70% (72/103) of conventional bladder UCs and highly concordant between matched primary and metastatic UCs. The GATA-3 expression levels of the micropapillary variants (57%; 26/46) and plasmacytoid variants (44%; 7/16) were not significantly different from that of conventional UC. However, the GATA-3 expression levels of the sarcomatoid variants (16%; 7/43) and small cell carcinoma variants (5%; 1/22), which only weakly expressed the protein, were significantly lower than that of conventional UC (P < .001). Only 7% of squamous cell carcinomas (1/14) expressed GATA-3, and it was also significantly lower than that of conventional UC (P < .001). GATA-3 expression was not significantly associated with tumor stage or patients' clinical outcomes. In conclusion, GATA-3 expression differed among UC variants. GATA-3 is a useful marker for confirming the urothelial origin of micropapillary and plasmacytoid UC variants but not that of sarcomatoid or small cell carcinoma variants. GATA-3 can also be used in differentiating UC from squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph Heitzman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Impact of variant histology on disease aggressiveness and outcome after nephroureterectomy in Japanese patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2014; 20:362-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-014-0721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Huang W, Williamson SR, Rao Q, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Eble JN, Grignon DJ, Idrees MT, Emerson RE, Zhou XJ, Zhang S, Baldridge LA, Hahn NM, Wang M, Koch MO, Cheng L. Novel markers of squamous differentiation in the urinary bladder. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1989-97. [PMID: 23806524 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation are often high-grade and high-stage tumors that are thought to be associated with a poorer prognosis and response to therapy compared with urothelial carcinoma without divergent differentiation. Therefore, recognition of a squamous component is increasingly important in guiding prognosis and therapy. We investigated the expression of MAC387, desmoglein-3, and TRIM29 in pure squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation to determine whether they have utility as diagnostic biomarkers for squamous differentiation. Eighty-four cases were retrieved from participating institutions including 51 pure urinary bladder squamous cell carcinomas and 33 urothelial carcinomas with squamous differentiation. MAC387, desmoglein-3, and TRIM29 antibodies demonstrated positive staining in pure squamous cell carcinoma in 51 (100%), 46 (90%), and 48 (93%) cases, respectively. Urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation showed reactivity for MAC387, desmoglein-3, and TRIM29 in the squamous component for 32 (97%), 26 (79%), and 32 (97%) cases, respectively. MAC387 demonstrated a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 70% for squamous differentiation, whereas desmoglein-3 yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 91%. No urothelial component showed greater than 10% labeling for desmoglein-3. TRIM29 labeling showed a sensitivity of 95%, but a poorer specificity of 33%. In summary, MAC387 and desmoglein-3 are reliable diagnostic markers for supporting the morphologic impression of squamous differentiation in urinary bladder carcinoma. Desmoglein-3 shows high specificity, whereas TRIM29 was most likely to demonstrate labeling in areas without light microscopically recognizable squamous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Hospital (Nanjing First Hospital), Nanjing 210006, China
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Endogenous BTG2 expression stimulates migration of bladder cancer cells and correlates with poor clinical prognosis for bladder cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:973-82. [PMID: 23299537 PMCID: PMC3590653 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is considered to act as a tumour-suppressor gene because of its antiproliferative and antimigratory activities. Higher levels of BTG2 expression in tumour cells have been linked to a better clinical outcome for several cancer entities. Here, we investigated the expression and function of BTG2 in bladder cancer. METHODS The expression of BTG2 in bladder cancer cells was silenced by RNA interference. Cell motility was investigated by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. The protein expression of BTG2 in bladder cancer was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed that targeted suppression of BTG2 by RNA interference did not result in growth stimulation but led to a substantial inhibition of bladder cancer cell motility. Tissue microarray analyses of bladder cancer cystectomy specimens revealed that higher BTG2 expression levels within the tumours correlated strongly with a decreased cancer-specific survival for bladder cancer patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate that endogenous BTG2 expression contributes to the migratory potential of bladder cancer cells. Moreover, high levels of BTG2 in bladder cancers are linked to decreased cancer-specific survival. These findings question the conception that BTG2 generally acts as a tumour suppressor and typically represents a favourable clinical marker for cancer patients.
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Rink M, Robinson BD, Green DA, Cha EK, Hansen J, Comploj E, Margulis V, Raman JD, Ng CK, Remzi M, Bensalah K, Kabbani W, Haitel A, Rioux-Leclercq N, Guo CC, Chun FK, Kikuchi E, Kassouf W, Sircar K, Sun M, Sonpavde G, Lotan Y, Pycha A, Karakiewicz PI, Scherr DS, Shariat SF. Impact of Histological Variants on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. J Urol 2012; 188:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rink
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - David A. Green
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Eugene K. Cha
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jens Hansen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Vitaly Margulis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jay D. Raman
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Casey K. Ng
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Wareef Kabbani
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Felix K. Chun
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Maxine Sun
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Yair Lotan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Douglas S. Scherr
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Aranguibel D, Benítez S, Guillen I, Villarreal L, Bandres D, Bastidas G. [Synchronous adenocarcinoma and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in the stomach: a case presentation and literature review]. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2012; 77:99-102. [PMID: 22658551 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. In Venezuela, gastric tumors represent 37% of all malignant tumors of the digestive system, but only 1,6% to 3,1% of these cases are lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Synchronous neoplastic lesions are also rare. The clinical case presented herein, a man with two synchronous tumor lesions, is the first of its kind in this country. Despite their incipient aspect, the histologic study reported two malignant tumors of epithelial origin: well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aranguibel
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Instituto de Previsión y Asistencia Social del Personal del Ministerio de Educación, Trujillo, Venezuela
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