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Morse JW, Rios M, Ye J, Rios A, Zhang CC, Daver NG, DiNardo CD, Zhang N, An Z. Antibody therapies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: exploring current and emerging therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:107-125. [PMID: 36762937 PMCID: PMC10031751 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2179482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and deadly type of leukemia affecting adults. It is typically managed with rounds of non-targeted chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplants, but this is only possible in patients who can tolerate these harsh treatments and many are elderly and frail. With the identification of novel tumor-specific cell surface receptors, there is great conviction that targeted antibody therapies will soon become available for these patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe the current landscape of known target receptors for monospecific and bispecific antibody-based therapeutics for AML. Here, we characterize each of the receptors and targeted antibody-based therapeutics in development, illustrating the rational design behind each therapeutic compound. We then discuss the bispecific antibodies in development and how they improve immune surveillance of AML. For each therapeutic, we also summarize the available pre-clinical and clinical data, including data from discontinued trials. EXPERT OPINION One antibody-based therapeutic has already been approved for AML treatment, the CD33-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Many more are currently in pre-clinical and clinical studies. These antibody-based therapeutics can perform tumor-specific, elaborate cytotoxic functions and there is growing confidence they will soon lead to personalized, safe AML treatment options that induce durable remissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Morse
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margarita Rios
- Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - John Ye
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adan Rios
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Naval G Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liu Q, Liu YY, Chen XM, Tao BY, Chen K, Li WM, Xu CT, Shi Y, Li H, Liu HR. KIF5A upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel prognostic biomarker associated with unique tumor microenvironment status. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1071722. [PMID: 36686769 PMCID: PMC9853384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is one of the most common liver malignancies with high mortality and morbidity. Thus, it is crucial to identify potential biomarker that is capable of accurately predicting the prognosis and therapeutic response of LIHC. Kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) is a microtubule-based motor protein involved in the transport of macromolecules such as organelle proteins in cells. Recent studies have illustrated that the high expression of KIF5A was related to poor prognosis of solid tumors, including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. However, little is currently known concerning the clinical significance of KIF5A expression in LIHC. Herein, by adopting multi-omics bioinformatics analysis, we comprehensively uncovered the potential function and the predictive value of KIF5A in stratifying clinical features among patients with LIHC, for which a high KIF5A level predicted an unfavorable clinical outcome. Results from KIF5A-related network and enrichment analyses illustrated that KIF5A might involve in microtubule-based process, antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II. Furthermore, immune infiltration and immune function analyses revealed upregulated KIF5A could predict a unique tumor microenvironment with more CD8+T cells and a higher level of anti-tumor immune response. Evidence provided by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) further validated our findings at the protein level. Taken together, KIF5A might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response and could be a potential target for anti-cancer strategies for LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatobiliary, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-yang Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-min Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China,Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kuang Chen
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-min Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatobiliary, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-tao Xu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatobiliary, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-run Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatobiliary, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hao-run Liu,
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Li W, Zhang Y, Kankala RK, Zou L, Chen Z. Antibody and Cellular-Based Therapies for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Mechanisms and Prospects. Pharmacology 2022; 107:368-375. [PMID: 35390793 DOI: 10.1159/000524040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in children. Despite enormous efforts to treat ALL over the past decade, the intensity of conventional chemotherapeutic strategies has reached the tolerance limit. Among various recently developed therapeutic approaches, antibody and cellular-based therapies showed less toxicity and better curative effect. SUMMARY Due to advanced mechanistic actions, these innovative therapies have provided durable responses and long-term survival in eradicating pediatric ALL, especially patients with refractory/relapsed ALL. Owing to these aspects, herein, we emphasize the mechanisms of action and application status of antibodies targeting tumor antigens, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. KEY MESSAGES The significant prospects and challenges are discussed, highlighting the innovative immunotherapies to deal with ALL. Together, this review will summarize the progress of antibody and cellular-based therapies for pediatric ALL, which may promote further research on antibody-based biopharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yayu Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoujiang Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Boissel N, Chevallier P, Doronin V, Griskevicius L, Maschan A, McCloskey J, Rambaldi A, Rossi G, Sokolov A, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Oprea C, Abbadessa G, Gosselin A, Macé S, Thomas X. Isatuximab monotherapy in patients with refractory T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia or T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: Phase 2 study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1292-1298. [PMID: 35106962 PMCID: PMC8894690 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of acute T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) and T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) in older adults and patients with relapsed/refractory illness is an unmet clinical need, as there is no defined standard of care and there are few treatment options. Abnormally elevated CD38 expression in T‐ALL and T‐LBL is associated with tumor expansion and disease development, making CD38 a potential target for anti‐T‐ALL and T‐LBL treatment. Isatuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to a specific epitope on CD38. The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of isatuximab monotherapy in a phase 2, multicenter, one‐arm, open‐label study in patients with relapsed or refractory T‐ALL or T‐LBL (Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT02999633). The primary endpoint was to assess the efficacy of isatuximab by overall response rate (ORR). An interim analysis based on the efficacy and safety of isatuximab in the first 19 patients enrolled was scheduled, however only 14 patients were enrolled in the study. No patient achieved complete response (CR) or CR with incomplete peripheral recovery. Most patients (11 [78.6%]) developed progressive disease and had progressive disease as their best response. A total of 10 (71.4%) patients had treatment emergent adverse events considered treatment‐related, with infusion reactions as the most frequent drug‐related TEAE, occurring in 8 (57.1%) patients. Despite the low efficacy of isatuximab in the current study, it is likely that the use of immunotherapy medication in T‐ALL will be expanded through logically targeted approaches, together with advances in the design of T‐cell therapy and clinical experience and will provide restorative options beyond chemotherapy and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boissel
- Department of Adult Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Vadim Doronin
- Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Laimonas Griskevicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexey Maschan
- Federal Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - James McCloskey
- Division of Leukemia, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Università Statale di Milano, Milan and Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Divisione di Ematologia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrey Sokolov
- National Research Center for Hematology of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Thomas
- Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
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Aureli A, Marziani B, Sconocchia T, Del Principe MI, Buzzatti E, Pasqualone G, Venditti A, Sconocchia G. Immunotherapy as a Turning Point in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246246. [PMID: 34944865 PMCID: PMC8699368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite recent progress achieved in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it remains a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis, particularly in the elderly, having an average 5-year survival of approximately 28%. However, recent evidence suggests that immunotherapy can provide the background for developing personalized targeted therapy to improve the clinical course of AML patients. Our review aimed to assess the immunotherapy effectiveness in AML by discussing the impact of monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and vaccines in AML preclinical and clinical studies. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of hematopoietic precursors at the earliest stage of maturation, resulting in a clonalproliferation of myoblasts replacing normal hematopoiesis. AML represents one of the most common types of leukemia, mostly affecting elderly patients. To date, standard chemotherapy protocols are only effective in patients at low risk of relapse and therapy-related mortality. The average 5-year overall survival (OS) is approximately 28%. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) improves prognosis but is limited by donor availability, a relatively young age of patients, and absence of significant comorbidities. Moreover, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, increasing understanding of AML immunobiology is leading to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Immunotherapy is considered an attractive strategy for controlling and eliminating the disease. It can be a real breakthrough in the treatment of leukemia, especially in patients who are not eligible forintensive chemotherapy. In this review, we focused on the progress of immunotherapy in the field of AML by discussing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), and vaccine therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aureli
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Beatrice Marziani
- Emergency and Urgent Department, University Hospital Sant’Anna of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Maria Ilaria Del Principe
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.P.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Elisa Buzzatti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.P.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Gianmario Pasqualone
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.P.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.I.D.P.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.S.)
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Hamilton JAG, Lee MY, Hunter R, Ank RS, Story JY, Talekar G, Sisroe T, Ballak DB, Fedanov A, Porter CC, Eisenmesser EZ, Dinarello CA, Raikar SS, DeGregori J, Henry CJ. Interleukin-37 improves T-cell-mediated immunity and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in aged backgrounds. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13309. [PMID: 33480151 PMCID: PMC7884049 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging‐associated declines in innate and adaptive immune responses are well documented and pose a risk for the growing aging population, which is predicted to comprise greater than 40 percent of the world's population by 2050. Efforts have been made to improve immunity in aged populations; however, safe and effective protocols to accomplish this goal have not been universally established. Aging‐associated chronic inflammation is postulated to compromise immunity in aged mice and humans. Interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) is a potent anti‐inflammatory cytokine, and we present data demonstrating that IL‐37 gene expression levels in human monocytes significantly decline with age. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transgenic expression of interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) in aged mice reduces or prevents aging‐associated chronic inflammation, splenomegaly, and accumulation of myeloid cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) in the bone marrow and spleen. Additionally, we show that IL‐37 expression decreases the surface expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and augments cytokine production from aged T‐cells. Improved T‐cell function coincided with a youthful restoration of Pdcd1, Lat, and Stat4 gene expression levels in CD4+ T‐cells and Lat in CD8+ T‐cells when aged mice were treated with recombinant IL‐37 (rIL‐37) but not control immunoglobin (Control Ig). Importantly, IL‐37‐mediated rejuvenation of aged endogenous T‐cells was also observed in aged chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cells, where improved function significantly extended the survival of mice transplanted with leukemia cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate the potency of IL‐37 in boosting the function of aged T‐cells and highlight its therapeutic potential to overcome aging‐associated immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. G. Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Miyoung Y. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Rae Hunter
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Raira S. Ank
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jamie Y. Story
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Program Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Laney Graduate School Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Ganesh Talekar
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Dov B. Ballak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Elan Z. Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Sunil S. Raikar
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Curtis J. Henry
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
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Liu S, Luo X, Zhang X, Xu L, Wang Y, Yan C, Chen H, Chen Y, Han W, Wang F, Wang J, Liu K, Huang X, Mo X. Preemptive interferon-α treatment could protect against relapse and improve long-term survival of ALL patients after allo-HSCT. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20148. [PMID: 33214615 PMCID: PMC7677364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse was the major cause of treatment failure in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We aimed to identify the efficacy and safety of preemptive interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment in ALL patients who had minimal residual disease (MRD) after allo-HSCT. Multiparameter flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction assays were applied for MRD monitoring. Recombinant human IFN-α-2b injections were administered subcutaneously twice weekly in every 4 weeks cycle. Twenty-four (35.3%), 5 (7.4%), 6 (8.8%), and 13 (19.1%) patients achieved MRD negativity at 1, 2, 3, and > 3 months, respectively, after treatment. Seven patients showed grade ≥ 3 toxicities after IFN-α treatment. The 4-year cumulative incidence of total acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), severe aGVHD, total chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and severe cGVHD after treatment was 14.7%, 2.9%, 40.0%, and 7.5%, respectively. The 4-year cumulative incidences of relapse and non-relapse mortality after treatment was 31.9% and 6.0%, respectively. The 4-year probabilities of disease-free survival and overall survival after IFN-α treatment were 62.1% and 71.1%, respectively. Thus, preemptive IFN-α treatment could protect against relapse and improve long-term survival for ALL patients who had MRD after allo-HSCT. The study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02185261 (09/07/2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xueyi Luo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lanping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chenhua Yan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wei Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatments of Hematologic Malignancies, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU029, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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8
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Riccardi C, Napolitano E, Musumeci D, Montesarchio D. Dimeric and Multimeric DNA Aptamers for Highly Effective Protein Recognition. Molecules 2020; 25:E5227. [PMID: 33182593 PMCID: PMC7698228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent interactions frequently occur in biological systems and typically provide higher binding affinity and selectivity in target recognition than when only monovalent interactions are operative. Thus, taking inspiration by nature, bivalent or multivalent nucleic acid aptamers recognizing a specific biological target have been extensively studied in the last decades. Indeed, oligonucleotide-based aptamers are suitable building blocks for the development of highly efficient multivalent systems since they can be easily modified and assembled exploiting proper connecting linkers of different nature. Thus, substantial research efforts have been put in the construction of dimeric/multimeric versions of effective aptamers with various degrees of success in target binding affinity or therapeutic activity enhancement. The present review summarizes recent advances in the design and development of dimeric and multimeric DNA-based aptamers, including those forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures, recognizing different key proteins in relevant pathological processes. Most of the designed constructs have shown improved performance in terms of binding affinity or therapeutic activity as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anticancer agents and their number is certainly bound to grow in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (E.N.); (D.M.); (D.M.)
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9
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Diao S, Gu C, Zhang H, Yu C. Immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion analysis reveal a non-inflammatory microenvironment of medulloblastoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:397. [PMID: 33193857 PMCID: PMC7656115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common lethal malignant pediatric brain tumor. Adjuvant immunotherapy for medulloblastoma has been proposed in both pre-clinical and clinical practice. To provide a precision strategy of designing immunotherapy for MB, the present study performed a descriptive analysis of immune microenvironment in a cohort and compared the differences between four subgroups of MB. Subtypes (WNT, SHH Group 3 and Group 4) of medulloblastoma were identified using K-means clustering according to the expression of signature genes. Tumor infiltrating immune cell population was assessed by both bio-informative algorithm based on gene expression and immunohistochemistry staining. Cytokines in tumor microenvironment were detected using Luminex. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated a raised immune response in the SHH subgroup. Lymphocyte infiltration was low in all four subgroups, while more CD4+ T cells were observed in the Group 4 subtype. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/ ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was absent in the cohort. The SHH subtype recruited more activated tumor associated macrophage/microglia compared with the other subgroups. Cytokines within the MB microenvironment were low compared with the glioblastoma samples. In contrast to glioblastoma, the immune microenvironment of pediatric MB is non-inflammatory and does not recruit many immune cells. These observations provide important considerations for the design of immunotherapeutic approaches for MB, such as inducing more lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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10
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Harker-Murray PD, Pommert L, Barth MJ. Novel Therapies Potentially Available for Pediatric B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020; 18:1125-1134. [PMID: 32755987 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma are the most common aggressive pediatric mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs). Despite excellent survival with current chemotherapy regimens, therapy for Burkitt lymphoma and DLBCL has a high incidence of short- and long-term toxicities. Patients who experience relapse generally have a very poor prognosis. Therefore, novel approaches using targeted therapies to reduce toxicities and improve outcomes in the relapse setting are needed. The addition of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20, to upfront therapy has improved survival outcomes for high-risk patients and may allow decreased total chemotherapy in those with low-risk disease. Antibody-drug conjugates have been combined with chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) NHL, and multiple antibody-drug conjugates are in development. Additionally, bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody constructs and autologous CAR T-cells have been successful in the treatment of R/R acute leukemias and are now being applied to R/R B-NHL with some successes. PD-L1 and PD-L2 on tumor cells can be targeted with checkpoint inhibitors, which restore T-cell-mediated immunity and antitumor responses and can be added to conventional chemotherapy and immune-directed therapies to augment responses. Lastly, trials of small molecule inhibitors targeting cell signaling pathways in NHL subtypes are underway. This article reviews many of the targeted therapies under development that could be considered for future trials in R/R pediatric mature B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Pommert
- Pediatric Oncology, Midwest Children's Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
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