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Farahani H, Dehghanian AR, Khademolhosseini A, Haghshenas MR, Erfani N. Frequent expression of CD45RO memory T cell marker as well as low to high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitory molecules in seminoma and dysgerminoma. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104184. [PMID: 38171036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seminoma and dysgerminoma are rare testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors characterized by a significant infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. According to the failure of conventional treatments in some patients, it is crucial to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of CD45RO and PD-1/PD-L1 and investigate their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of CD45RO, PD-1, and PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor cells in 33 seminoma and 31 dysgerminoma patients. The expression levels were evaluated using a semiquantitative approach, weighted histoscore, which considers both the intensity and extent of staining. RESULTS All seminoma and dysgerminoma patients exhibited CD45RO expression in TILs, with 66.7 % and 90.3 % displaying high levels of expression, respectively. PD-1 expression in TILs was observed at low levels in 81.8 % and 77.4 % and at high levels in 18.2 % and 19.4 % of seminoma and dysgerminoma patients, respectively. Likewise, low expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was detected in 63.6 % of seminoma and 61.3 % of dysgerminoma patients, while none of the patients exhibited high expression of PD-L1. In seminoma patients, a positive correlation was observed between PD-1 expression in TILs and CD45RO expression and between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and TILs score. CONCLUSION The frequent infiltration of CD45RO, along with variable expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on TILs and tumor cells, could impact the effectiveness of anti-tumor responses and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Farahani
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Reza Dehghanian
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aida Khademolhosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Al-Ezzi EM, Zahralliyali A, Hansen AR, Hamilton RJ, Crump M, Kuruvilla J, Wood L, Nappi L, Kollmannsberger CK, North SA, Winquist E, Soulières D, Hotte SJ, Jiang DM. The Use of Salvage Chemotherapy for Patients with Relapsed Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (GCT) in Canada: A National Survey. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6166-6176. [PMID: 37504318 PMCID: PMC10378146 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metastatic germ cell tumor (GCT) is highly curable with initial cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT), 20-30% of patients relapse. Salvage CT options include conventional (CDCT) and high dose chemotherapy (HDCT), however definitive comparative data remain lacking. We aimed to characterize the contemporary practice patterns of salvage CT across Canada. METHODS We conducted a 30-question online survey for Canadian medical and hematological oncologists with experience in treating GCT, assessing treatment availability, patient selection, and management strategies used for relapsed GCT patients. RESULTS There were 30 respondents from 18 cancer centers across eight provinces. The most common CDCT regimens used were TIP (64%) and VIP (25%). HDCT was available in 13 centers (70%). The HDCT regimen used included carboplatin and etoposide for two cycles (76% in 7 centers), three cycles (6% in 2 centers), and the TICE protocol (11%, in 2 centers). "Bridging" CDCT was used by 65% of respondents. Post-HDCT treatments considered include surgical resection for residual disease (87.5%), maintenance etoposide (6.3%), and surveillance only (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS HDCT is the most commonly used GCT salvage strategy in Canada. Significant differences exist in the treatment availability, selection, and delivery of HDCT, highlighting the need for standardization of care for patients with relapsed testicular GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M Al-Ezzi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Amer Zahralliyali
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Brisbane, QLD 4113, Australia
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael Crump
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - John Kuruvilla
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lori Wood
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Department of Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christian K Kollmannsberger
- Department of Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scott A North
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Denis Soulières
- Département Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Sebastien J Hotte
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Di Maria Jiang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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