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Bührer E, D'Haese D, Daugaard G, de Wit R, Albany C, Tryakin A, Fizazi K, Stahl O, Gietema JA, De Giorgi U, Cafferty FH, Hansen AR, Tandstad T, Huddart RA, Necchi A, Sweeney CJ, Garcia-Del-Muro X, Heng DYC, Lorch A, Chovanec M, Winquist E, Grimison P, Feldman DR, Terbuch A, Hentrich M, Bokemeyer C, Negaard H, Fankhauser C, Shamash J, Vaughn DJ, Sternberg CN, Heidenreich A, Collette L, Gillessen S, Beyer J. Impact of teratoma on survival probabilities of patients with metastatic non- seminomatous germ cell cancer: Results from the IGCCCG Update Consortium. Eur J Cancer 2024; 202:114042. [PMID: 38564927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To resolve the ongoing controversy surrounding the impact of teratoma (TER) in the primary among patients with metastatic testicular non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours (NSGCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) Update Consortium database, we compared the survival probabilities of patients with metastatic testicular GCT with TER (TER) or without TER (NTER) in their primaries corrected for known prognostic factors. Progression-free survival (5y-PFS) and overall survival at 5 years (5y-OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among 6792 patients with metastatic testicular NSGCT, 3224 (47%) had TER in their primary, and 3568 (53%) did not. In the IGCCCG good prognosis group, the 5y-PFS was 87.8% in TER versus 92.0% in NTER patients (p = 0.0001), the respective 5y-OS were 94.5% versus 96.5% (p = 0.0032). The corresponding figures in the intermediate prognosis group were 5y-PFS 76.9% versus 81.6% (p = 0.0432) in TER and NTER and 5y-OS 90.4% versus 90.9% (p = 0.8514), respectively. In the poor prognosis group, there was no difference, neither in 5y-PFS [54.3% in TER patients versus 55.4% (p = 0.7472) in NTER], nor in 5y-OS [69.4% versus 67.7% (p = 0.3841)]. NSGCT patients with TER had more residual masses (65.3% versus 51.7%, p < 0.0001), and therefore received post-chemotherapy surgery more frequently than NTER patients (46.8% versus 32.0%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Teratoma in the primary tumour of patients with metastatic NSGCT negatively impacts on survival in the good and intermediate, but not in the poor IGCCCG prognostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bührer
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David D'Haese
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Costantine Albany
- Horizon Oncology Research, 1345 Unity PI Ste 345, Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Alexey Tryakin
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olof Stahl
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ugo De Giorgi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy and the Italian Germ Cell Cancer Group (IGG), Italy
| | - Fay H Cafferty
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Torgrim Tandstad
- The Cancer Clinic, St Olavs University Hospital and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Andrea Necchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xavier Garcia-Del-Muro
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL Institute of Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Y C Heng
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anja Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Urology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia; Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eric Winquist
- Division of Medical Oncology, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Grimison
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group, Sydney, Australia
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, United States of America; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Angelika Terbuch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hentrich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Red Cross Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helene Negaard
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - David J Vaughn
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurence Collette
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Universita della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Beyer
- University Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Seelemeyer F, Pfister D, Pappesch R, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Paffenholz P, Heidenreich A. Reply to Fumihiko Urabe, Takashi Yoshioka, and Takahiro Kimura's Letter to the Editor re: Felix Seelemeyer, David Pfister, Robert Pappesch, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Pia Paffenholz and Axel Heidenreich. Evaluation of a miRNA-371a-3p Assay for Predicting Final Histopathology in Patients Undergoing Primary Nerve-sparing Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy for Stage IIA/B Seminoma or Nonseminoma. Eur Urol Oncol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2023.10.021. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:306. [PMID: 38238223 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Seelemeyer
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pfister
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Pappesch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Farahani H, Dehghanian AR, Khademolhosseini A, Haghshenas MR, Erfani N. Frequent expression of CD45RO memory T cell marker as well as low to high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitory molecules in seminoma and dysgerminoma. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104184. [PMID: 38171036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seminoma and dysgerminoma are rare testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors characterized by a significant infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. According to the failure of conventional treatments in some patients, it is crucial to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of CD45RO and PD-1/PD-L1 and investigate their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of CD45RO, PD-1, and PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor cells in 33 seminoma and 31 dysgerminoma patients. The expression levels were evaluated using a semiquantitative approach, weighted histoscore, which considers both the intensity and extent of staining. RESULTS All seminoma and dysgerminoma patients exhibited CD45RO expression in TILs, with 66.7 % and 90.3 % displaying high levels of expression, respectively. PD-1 expression in TILs was observed at low levels in 81.8 % and 77.4 % and at high levels in 18.2 % and 19.4 % of seminoma and dysgerminoma patients, respectively. Likewise, low expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was detected in 63.6 % of seminoma and 61.3 % of dysgerminoma patients, while none of the patients exhibited high expression of PD-L1. In seminoma patients, a positive correlation was observed between PD-1 expression in TILs and CD45RO expression and between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and TILs score. CONCLUSION The frequent infiltration of CD45RO, along with variable expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on TILs and tumor cells, could impact the effectiveness of anti-tumor responses and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Farahani
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Reza Dehghanian
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aida Khademolhosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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4
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Argyris PP, Challa B, Satturwar S, VanKoevering KK, Wakely PE. SMARCB1-Deficient Skull Base Chondrosarcoma with 12p Duplication Presenting as Somatic-Type Malignancy Arising from Metastatic Seminoma. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:1. [PMID: 38236556 PMCID: PMC10796880 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Somatic-type malignancy (STM) can occur infrequently within a primary or metastatic testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and is associated with dismal prognosis and survival. STM with chondrosarcomatous features is exceedingly rare and head and neck involvement has not been previously documented. A 39-year-old white man presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Imaging disclosed a 6.9-cm expansile tumor involving the nasal cavity and skull base with intraorbital and intracranial extension. The histopathologic properties of the tumor were compatible with chondrosarcoma, grade II-III. Immunohistochemically, malignant cells were strongly and diffusely positive for S100 and epithelial markers, and showed loss of SMARCB1 expression. IDH1/2 mutations were not detected. Following whole-body PET scan, a 7.0-cm left testicular mass was discovered and diagnosed as seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic cells, stage pT3NXM1b. Extensive retroperitoneal, mediastinal, and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy was also noticed. Histopathologic examination of the left supraclavicular lymph node revealed metastatic seminoma. By FISH, most metastatic nodal seminoma cells harbored 1 to 4 copies of isochromosome 12p, while the chondrosarcoma featured duplication of 12p. Presence of a malignant TGCT with disseminated supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy, the unique immunophenotypic properties of the skull-based chondrosarcoma and lack of IDH1/2 aberrations with gain of 12p strongly support the diagnosis of STM chondrosarcoma arising from metastatic TGCT. The patient did not respond to chemotherapy and succumbed three months after diagnosis. Although exceedingly uncommon, metastasis to the head and neck may occur in patients with TGCT. This case of STM chondrosarcoma demonstrated divergent immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics compared to "typical" examples of head and neck chondrosarcoma. High index of suspicion is advised regarding the diagnosis of lesions that present with otherwise typical histomorphology but unexpected immunohistochemical or molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios P Argyris
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Postle Hall, Room 2191 305 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Bindu Challa
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Swati Satturwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyle K VanKoevering
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio-State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul E Wakely
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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5
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Alonso-Crisostomo L, Trendell J, Ferraresso M, Bailey S, Ward D, Scurlock ZGL, Wenlock SC, Bastos CAP, Jugdaohsingh R, Faria NJ, Enright AJ, Scarpini CG, Coleman N, Murray MJ. Testicular germ cell tumour cells release microRNA-containing extracellular vesicles that induce phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells of the tumour microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:372-388. [PMID: 37632231 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignant germ-cell-tumours (GCTs) are characterised by microRNA (miRNA/miR-) dysregulation, with universal over-expression of miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 clusters regardless of patient age, tumour site, or subtype (seminoma/yolk-sac-tumour/embryonal carcinoma). These miRNAs are released into the bloodstream, presumed within extracellular-vesicles (EVs) and represent promising biomarkers. Here, we comprehensively examined the role of EVs, and their miRNA cargo, on (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells representative of the testicular GCT (TGCT) tumour microenvironment (TME). Small RNA next-generation-sequencing was performed on 34 samples, comprising representative malignant GCT cell lines/EVs and controls (testis fibroblast [Hs1.Tes] cell-line/EVs and testis/ovary samples). TME cells received TGCT co-culture, TGCT-derived EVs, and a miRNA overexpression system (miR-371a-OE) to assess functional relevance. TGCT cells secreted EVs into culture media. MiR-371~373 and miR-302/367 cluster miRNAs were overexpressed in all TGCT cells/subtypes compared with control cells and were highly abundant in TGCT-derived EVs, with miR-371a-3p/miR-371a-5p the most abundant. TGCT co-culture resulted in increased levels of miRNAs from the miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 clusters in TME (fibroblast) cells. Next, fluorescent labelling demonstrated TGCT-derived EVs were internalised by all TME (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells. TME (fibroblast/endothelial) cell treatment with EVs derived from different TGCT subtypes resulted in increased miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 miRNA levels, and other generic (eg, miR-205-5p/miR-148-3p) and subtype-specific (seminoma, eg, miR-203a-3p; yolk-sac-tumour, eg, miR-375-3p) miRNAs. MiR-371a-OE in TME cells resulted in increased collagen contraction (fibroblasts) and angiogenesis (endothelial cells), via direct mRNA downregulation and alteration of relevant pathways. TGCT cells communicate with nontumour stromal TME cells through release of EVs enriched in oncogenic miRNAs, potentially contributing to tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shivani Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawn Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Carlos A P Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuno J Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anton J Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Lopez-Beltran A. Testicular cancer: new developments, molecular pathology, and current research keynote. Pathologie (Heidelb) 2023; 44:204-207. [PMID: 37975918 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are now considered a curable cancer, with a > 95% cure rate in all patients and about 90% cure rate in patients with metastatic disease. The success of physicians in curing the disease is underpinned by multidisciplinary advances. Of relevance in this regard are the nowadays-applied homogeneous terminology based on pathologically better characterized testicular neoplasms and the development of a widely used risk stratification model for metastatic disease introduced by the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group in 1997 and updated in 2021. Non-pulmonary visceral metastases, high levels of the serum tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and primary mediastinal non-seminoma are currently identified as determinants of poor prognosis. In addition, the presence of distinct microRNA profiles between seminomas and non-seminoma GCTs has opened up important perspectives in terms of noninvasive biomarkers that can be used in diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cordoba University Medical School, Avda. Menendez-Pidal S/N, 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
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Wu Z, Trabert B, Guillemette C, Caron P, Bradwin G, Graubard BI, Weiderpass E, Ursin G, Langseth H, McGlynn KA. Prediagnostic Hormone Levels and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Nested Case-Control Study in the Janus Serum Bank. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1564-1571. [PMID: 37619591 PMCID: PMC10655159 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that poorly functioning Leydig and/or Sertoli cells of the testes, indicated by higher levels of serum gonadotropins and lower levels of androgens, are related to the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a nested case-control study within the Janus Serum Bank cohort. METHODS Men who developed TGCT (n = 182) were matched to men who did not (n = 364). Sex steroid hormones were measured using LC/MS. Sex hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were quantified by direct immunoassay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between hormone levels and TGCT risk. RESULTS Higher FSH levels [tertile (T) 3 vs. T2: OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.83-4.57] were associated with TGCT risk, but higher LH levels were not (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.81-1.96). The only sex steroid hormone associated with risk was androstane-3α, 17β-diol-3G (3α-diol-3G; OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.46-3.83). Analysis by histology found that increased FSH levels were related to seminoma (OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 2.12-5.95) but not nonseminoma (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.38-3.13). Increased levels of 3α-diol-3G were related to seminoma (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.35-3.89) and nonsignificantly related to nonseminoma (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 0.82-8.92). CONCLUSIONS Higher FSH levels are consistent with the hypothesis that poorly functioning Sertoli cells are related to the development of TGCT. In contrast, higher levels of 3α-diol-3G do not support the hypothesis that insufficient androgenicity is related to risk of TGCT. IMPACT Clarifying the role of sex hormones in the development of TGCT may stimulate new research hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lee K, Kim YI, Oh JS, Seo SY, Yun JK, Lee GD, Choi S, Kim HR, Kim YH, Kim DK, Park SI, Ryu JS. [ 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography characteristics of primary mediastinal germ cell tumors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17619. [PMID: 37848723 PMCID: PMC10582033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumor (MGCT) is an uncommon tumor. Although it has histology similar to that of gonadal germ cell tumor (GCT), the prognosis for MGCT is generally worse than that for gonadal GCT. We performed visual assessment and quantitative analysis of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) for MGCTs. A total of 35 MGCT patients (age = 33.1 ± 16.8 years, F:M = 16:19) who underwent preoperative PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. The pathologic diagnosis of MGCTs identified 24 mature teratomas, 4 seminomas, 5 yolk sac tumors, and 2 mixed germ cell tumors. Visual assessment was performed by categorizing the uptake intensity, distribution, and contour of primary MGCTs. Quantitative parameters including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and maximum diameter were compared between benign and malignant MGCTs. On visual assessment, the uptake intensity was the only significant parameter for differentiating between benign and malignant MGCTs (p = 0.040). In quantitative analysis, the SUVmax (p < 0.001), TBR (p < 0.001), MTV (p = 0.033), and TLG (p < 0.001) showed significantly higher values for malignant MGCTs compared with benign MGCTs. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of these quantitative parameters, the SUVmax had the highest area under the curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.947, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the SUVmax could differentiate between seminomas and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (p = 0.042) and reflect serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels (p = 0.012). The visual uptake intensity and SUVmax on [18F]FDG PET/CT showed discriminative ability for benign and malignant MGCTs. Moreover, the SUVmax may associate with AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koeun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Seo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Yun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Dong Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryul Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Speicher P, Fankhauser CD, Lorch A, Ardizzone D, Helnwein S, Hoch D, Hermanns T, Beyer J, Akhoundova D. Excellent survival in relapsed stage I testicular cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:870. [PMID: 37715132 PMCID: PMC10503206 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two thirds of patients with germ-cell cancer (GCC) present as clinical stage I (CSI). Following orchiectomy, active surveillance (AS) has become their standard management. However, 15-50% of patients eventually relapse with metastatic disease after AS. Relapses need to be detected early in order to achieve cure and avoid overtreatment. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed consecutive GCC patients treated at two Swiss academic centers between 2010 and 2020. Patients with stage IS and extragonadal primaries were excluded. We compared disease characteristics and survival outcomes of patients relapsed from initial CSI to patients with de novo metastatic disease. Primary endpoint was the IGCCCG category at the time of relapse. Main secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS We identified 360 GCC patients with initial CSI and 245 de novo metastatic patients. After a median follow-up of 47 months, 81 of 360 (22.5%) CSI patients relapsed: 41 seminoma (Sem) and 40 non-seminoma (NSem) patients. All Sems relapsed in the IGCCCG good prognosis group. NSem relapsed with good 29/40 (72.5%) and intermediate 11/40 (27.5%) prognostic features; 95.1% of relapses occurred within five years post-orchiectomy. Only 3 relapsed NSem patients died from metastatic disease. Five-year OS for relapsed CSI patients was 100% for Sem and 87% (95% CI: 61-96%) for NSem patients; five-year PFS was 92% (95% CI: 77-97) and 78% (95% CI: 56-90) for Sem and NSem, respectively. When stratified by IGCCCG prognostic groups, good risk relapsed patients had a trend towards better OS and PFS as compared to de novo metastatic patients. CONCLUSIONS GCC patients who relapse after initial CSI can be detected early by active surveillance and have an excellent survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Speicher
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Thun, 3600, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anja Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ardizzone
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Helnwein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Hoch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Beyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Dilara Akhoundova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
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Törzsök P, Oswald D, Dieckmann KP, Angerer M, Scherer LC, Tymoszuk P, Kunz Y, Pinggera GM, Lusuardi L, Horninger W, Pichler R. Subsets of preoperative sex hormones in testicular germ cell cancer: a retrospective multicenter study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14604. [PMID: 37669975 PMCID: PMC10480169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative homeostasis of sex hormones in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients is scarcely characterized. We aimed to explore regulation of sex hormones and their implications for histopathological parameters and prognosis in TGCT using a data-driven explorative approach. Pre-surgery serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and prolactin were measured in a retrospective multicenter TGCT cohort (n = 518). Clusters of patients were defined by latent class analysis. Clinical, pathologic and survival parameters were compared between the clusters by statistical hypothesis testing, Random Forest modeling and Peto-Peto test. Cancer tissue expression of sex hormone-related genes was explored in the publicly available TCGA cohort (n = 149). We included 354 patients with pure seminoma and 164 patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT), with a median age of 36 years. Three hormonal clusters were defined: 'neutral' (n = 228) with normal sex hormone homeostasis, 'testicle' (n = 91) with elevated T and E2, low pituitary hormones, and finally 'pituitary' subset (n = 103) with increased FSH and LH paralleled by low-to-normal levels of the gonadal hormones. Relapse-free survival in the hormonal subsets was comparable (p = 0.64). Cancer tissue expression of luteinizing hormone- and follicle-stimulating hormone-coding genes was significantly higher in seminomas, while genes of T and E2 biosynthesis enzymes were strongly upregulated in NSGCT. Substantial percentages of TGCT patients are at increased risk of sex hormone dysfunction at primary diagnosis before orchiectomy. TGCT may directly influence systemic hormonal homeostasis by in-situ synthesis of sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Törzsök
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Oswald
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Markus Angerer
- Department of Urology, Hodentumorzentrum, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Christian Scherer
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Yannic Kunz
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Germar-Michael Pinggera
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Lusuardi
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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11
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Radio-Chemo-Therapie beim Seminom. Aktuelle Urol 2023; 54:354-6. [PMID: 37611599 DOI: 10.1055/a-2059-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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12
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Leng C, Cui Y, Mai Z, Chen R, Yuan J, Wang K, Wen J, Fu J, Liu Q. Analysis of prognostic factors and establishment of prognostic model for primary mediastinal germ cell tumors: a case controlled study. Int J Surg 2023; 109:2574-2584. [PMID: 37222675 PMCID: PMC10498837 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall prognosis of primary mediastinal germ cell tumors (PMGCTs) is poor and the associated prognostic factors are not fully understood. Our goal was to investigate the prognostic factors of PMGCTs and to develop a validated prognostic prediction model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 114 PMGCTs with specific pathological types were included in this study. Clinicopathological characteristics of nonseminomatous PMGCTs and mediastinal seminomas were compared using the χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Independent prognostic factors of nonseminomatous PMGCTs screened using the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were then used to generate a nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index, decision curve, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and validated by bootstrap resampling. The Kaplan-Meier curves of independent prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS This study included 71 cases of nonseminomatous PMGCTs and 43 cases of mediastinal seminomas. The 3-year overall survival rates for nonseminomatous PMGCTs and mediastinal seminomas patients were 54.5 and 97.4%, respectively. The overall survival prognostic nomogram for nonseminomatous PMGCTs was established by integrating independent prognostic factors, including the Moran-Suster stage, white blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. The nomogram demonstrated good performance with a concordance index of 0.760 and the 1-year and 3-year AUC values of 0.821 and 0.833, respectively. These values were better than those of the Moran-Suster stage system. The bootstrap validation had an AUC of 0.820 (0.724-0.915) and showed a well-fitting calibration curve. Besides, patients with mediastinal seminomas showed favorable clinical outcomes and all the nine patients received neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative surgery achieved pathological complete response. CONCLUSION A nomogram based on staging and blood routine examination results was established to accurately and consistently predict the prognosis of patients with nonseminomatous PMGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsen Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Jansson AK, Söderling J, Reutfors J, Thor A, Sköld C, Cohn-Cedermark G, Ståhl O, Smedby KE, Pettersson A, Glimelius I. Risk and mortality of testicular cancer in patients with neurodevelopmental or other psychiatric disorders. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2261-2269. [PMID: 37088800 PMCID: PMC10241835 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with urogenital malformations. Few studies have investigated the association between psychiatric disorders and TGCT. We investigated whether history of any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with increased risk or mortality of TGCT. METHOD This is a nested case-control study including 6166 TGCT patients diagnosed during 1992-2014, individually matched for age and calendar period to 61,660 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between type of psychiatric diagnoses and TGCT risk. Among the cases, we used a cohort design and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of the association between psychiatric diagnose and all-cause and TGCT-specific death. RESULTS History of a neurodevelopmental disorder (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities) was associated with an increased risk of seminoma (OR: 1.54; 1.09-2.19). Seminoma patients with neurodevelopmental disorders were younger (34 versus 38 years, p = 0.004) and had more stage IV disease (5.4% versus 1.2%) than those without. Psychiatric history overall was not associated with TGCT. Patient history of any psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased all-cause and TGCT-specific death. CONCLUSIONS We report an association between neurodevelopmental disorders and testicular seminoma, and an increased TGCT-specific mortality for TGCT patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Jansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Söderling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Reutfors
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Thor
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Sköld
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Cohn-Cedermark
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genitourinary Oncology Unit, Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ståhl
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Glazer CH, Hauser R, Juul A, Bräuner EV. Maternal Serum α-Fetoprotein Levels during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Male Offspring: A Cohort Study within a Danish Pregnancy Screening Registry. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192114112. [PMID: 36360990 PMCID: PMC9655085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is believed to originate from disruptions of normal androgen-estrogen balance in-utero. α-fetoprotein (AFP) may modify fetal response to estrogens via estrogen interaction. In a cohort study, we investigated the association between circulating maternal pregnancy AFP and testicular cancer risk in offspring. Of the 56,709 live-born males from a pregnancy screening registry in 1980-1995, our study included 50,519 singleton males with available second trimester blood samples from their mothers and complete covariate ascertainment. Testicular cancer diagnoses and covariate data were obtained from nationwide Danish health registries. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses estimated the prospective risk of testicular cancer (all, seminoma, nonseminoma) by AFP multiples of the median. During follow-up, 163 (0.3%) of the included males developed testicular cancer, of which 89 (54.6%) were nonseminomas. Maternal serum AFP levels greater than/equal to the median were associated with a relative risk of testicular cancer close to unity (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.76; 1.41) compared to AFP below the median. Associations differed by type of testicular cancer (RRseminoma 0.81, 95% CI 0.51; 1.29, RRnonseminoma 1.31, 95% CI 0.85; 2.02). On balance, our findings do not support that serum AFP in pregnancy can be used as a predictor of testicular cancer in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie S. Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Clara H. Glazer
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V. Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3545-0820
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15
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Fioretti AM, Leopizzi T, Puzzovivo A, Giotta F, Lorusso V, Luzzi G, Oliva S. Edoxaban: front-line treatment for brachiocephalic vein thrombosis in primitive mediastinal seminoma: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29429. [PMID: 36042679 PMCID: PMC9410609 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Venous thromboembolism is a feared frequent complication of cancer with a 2-way relationship. Low molecular weight heparin is the mainstay of treatment. The use of direct oral anticoagulants is supported by established evidence for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis also in active cancer and they are prioritized over low molecular weight heparin for cancer-associated thrombosis according to current guidelines. However, upper limb deep vein thrombosis is poorly studied with scant data on the use of direct oral anticoagulants in noncatheter-related deep vein thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with noncatheter-related deep vein thrombosis and a rare tumor site effectively and safely treated with a direct oral anticoagulant, edoxaban, after lack of efficacy with low molecular weight heparin. PATIENT CONCERNS A 35-year-old man with primitive mediastinal seminoma presented at our Cardio-Oncology Unit for prechemotherapy assessment. DIAGNOSIS Persistent brachiocephalic deep vein thrombosis, despite full-dose enoxaparin, was detected at ultrasonography. INTERVENTION We decided to switch the anticoagulant treatment from enoxaparin to edoxaban. OUTCOME The 3-month ultrasonography showed almost total regression of the deep vein thrombosis without any adverse effects and a good patient compliance. LESSONS We conducted a literature review on upper limb deep vein thrombosis, since its management is challenging due to inconsistency of evidence. This report highlights the benefits of direct oral anticoagulants compared to low molecular weight heparins in cancer-associated thrombosis therapy in terms of efficacy, safety and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Maria Fioretti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Agnese Maria Fioretti, Cardio-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy (e-mail: )
| | - Tiziana Leopizzi
- Cardiology-Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via Francesco Bruno 1, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Agata Puzzovivo
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luzzi
- Cardiology-Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via Francesco Bruno 1, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Stefano Oliva
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Mahé D, Matusali G, Deleage C, Alvarenga RLLS, Satie AP, Pagliuzza A, Mathieu R, Lavoué S, Jégou B, de França LR, Chomont N, Houzet L, Rolland AD, Dejucq-Rainsford N. Potential for Virus Endogenization in Humans through Testicular Germ Cell Infection: the Case of HIV. J Virol 2020; 94:e01145-20. [PMID: 32999017 PMCID: PMC7925188 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01145-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have colonized the germ line of our ancestors on several occasions during evolution, leading to the integration in the human genome of viral sequences from over 30 retroviral groups and a few nonretroviruses. Among the recently emerged viruses infecting humans, several target the testis (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], Zika virus, and Ebola virus). Here, we aimed to investigate whether human testicular germ cells (TGCs) can support integration by HIV, a contemporary retrovirus that started to spread in the human population during the last century. We report that albeit alternative receptors enabled HIV-1 binding to TGCs, HIV virions failed to infect TGCs in vitro Nevertheless, exposure of TGCs to infected lymphocytes, naturally present in the testis from HIV+ men, led to HIV-1 entry, integration, and early protein expression. Similarly, cell-associated infection or bypassing viral entry led to HIV-1 integration in a spermatogonial cell line. Using DNAscope, HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA were detected within a few TGCs in the testis from one infected patient, one rhesus macaque, and one African green monkey in vivo Molecular landscape analysis revealed that early TGCs were enriched in HIV early cofactors up to integration and had overall low antiviral defenses compared with testicular macrophages and Sertoli cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that TGCs can support the entry and integration of HIV upon cell-associated infection. This could represent a way for this contemporary virus to integrate into our germ line and become endogenous in the future, as happened during human evolution for a number of viruses.IMPORTANCE Viruses have colonized the host germ line on many occasions during evolution to eventually become endogenous. Here, we aimed at investigating whether human testicular germ cells (TGCs) can support such viral invasion by studying HIV interactions with TGCs in vitro Our results indicate that isolated primary TGCs express alternative HIV-1 receptors, allowing virion binding but not entry. However, HIV-1 entered and integrated into TGCs upon cell-associated infection and produced low levels of viral proteins. In vivo, HIV-1 and SIV DNA was detected in a few TGCs. Molecular landscape analysis showed that TGCs have overall weak antiviral defenses. Altogether, our results indicate that human TGCs can support HIV-1 early replication, including integration, suggesting potential for endogenization in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mahé
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Deleage
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Raquel L L S Alvarenga
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anne-Pascale Satie
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pontchaillou, Service Urologie, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Lavoué
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pontchaillou, Centre de Coordination des Prélèvements, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Jégou
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Luiz R de França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Houzet
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine D Rolland
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
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17
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Ye JF, Wang B, Ma LL, Zhao L, Wang GL, Hong K. [Long-term follow up experience of comprehensive treatment of testicular mixed germ cell tumors]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:648-651. [PMID: 28816282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testicular mixed germ cell tumor is mixed with embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, seminoma and other two or more components of the testicular tumor, the clinical is relatively rare and high degree of malignancy, this article will summarize its clinical features and optimize its treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 22 patients with testicular tumor mixed germ cell in Peking University Third Hospital from May 1994 to November 2016 was conducted using a combination of statistical analysis and discussion of the relevant literature. RESULTS The mean age of the 22 patients was (30.8±10.4) years and the rate of cryptorchidism was 13.6%. The maximum diameter of the tumor was (5.1±2.7 ) cm. The pathological results suggested that 12 cases (54.5%) contained two different germ cell tumor components, 7 cases (31.8%) contained 3 different tumor components, 2 cases (9.2%) contained 4 different tumor components, and 1 case (4.5%) contained 5 different tumor components. Tumor constituent analysis included yolk sac tumors(16 cases, 72.7%), mature teratoma (7 cases, 31.8%), immature teratoma (5 cases, 22.7%), embryonal carcinoma (17 cases, 77.3%) , choriocarcinoma (4 cases, 18.1%) and seminoma (6 cases, 27.3%). American Joint Committee of Cancer tumor staging indicated 19 cases of stage I a tumor, 2 cases of stage IIa tumor and 1 case of stage IIIa tumor. The mean values of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase were 414.50 MIU/mL, 242.95 μg/L, 196.95 U/L (preoperative) and 17.20 MIU /mL, 90.20 μg/L, 183.70 U/L (postoperative within a year), and the comparison of the P values between the preoperative and the postoperative within a year were 0.079, 0.043 and 0.624. Fourteen patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph nodes dissection. Most patients lived with long-term survival (94.4%) after operation. CONCLUSION Comprehensive treatment of radical orchiectomy with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy combined with necessary radiotherapy or chemotherapy might help to control the tumor and achieve long-term survival for most patients with testicular mixed germ cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ye
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L L Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - G L Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - K Hong
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Richie JP. Re: Patterns of Relapse in Patients with Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer Managed with Active Surveillance. J Urol 2016; 195:930. [PMID: 27302787 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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BUSSER F, GOIDIN E, GOUYGOU C. [Epididymal semoma]. J Urol Medicale Chir 2014; 53:337-340. [PMID: 18918532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Khader J, Salem A, Abuodeh Y, Almousa A, Farah N, Abdelrahman F. Stage I seminoma: Treatment outcomes in a low-income country. Gulf J Oncolog 2013; 1:20-27. [PMID: 23996863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to address treatment outcomes of patients with early-stage seminoma in a developing country with special reference to patients with history of surgical violation of the scrotum and the potential predictors of disease relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy four patients with pure seminoma were treated at King Hussein Cancer Center (Amman, Jordan) between 2003 and 2010. All patients underwent orchiectomy. All but 3 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients who underwent surgical violation of the scrotum prior to referral were managed by further excision or irradiation of the scrotal scar. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 200 months (mean, 33 months). RESULTS At the time of follow-up; all but one patient remain alive. The 3-year relapse-free survival for the entire cohort was 95.9%. Three patients were burdened by relapse, all of whom received adjuvant irradiation following inguinal orchiectomy and initially harbored tumors larger than 4cm upon pathological examination. Median time to relapse was 14 months (range, 8-25 months). None were associated with elevated tumor markers prior to detection of relapse. All but one patient were successfully salvaged by chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the excellent prognosis for patients with early-stage seminoma treated by orchiectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy in a developing country. Although all patients burdened by relapse demonstrated adverse pathological findings upon initial assessment, no consistent predictor of relapse was found. Scrotal scar re-excision or irradiation in patients with prior history of surgical violation of the scrotum is effective in preventing local failure. KEYWORDS Seminoma, stage I, radiotherapy, scrotal violation, developing country, management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khader
- Jamal Khader, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Queen Rania Alabdulla Street, Amman, Jordan, Tel. +962788305344, Fax: +96265857323,
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Miki T. Editorial comment from Dr Miki to risk factors for chronic kidney disease after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Int J Urol 2013; 20:723. [PMID: 23621627 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Basten SG, Davis EE, Gillis AJM, van Rooijen E, Stoop H, Babala N, Logister I, Heath ZG, Jonges TN, Katsanis N, Voest EE, van Eeden FJ, Medema RH, Ketting RF, Schulte-Merker S, Looijenga LHJ, Giles RH. Mutations in LRRC50 predispose zebrafish and humans to seminomas. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003384. [PMID: 23599692 PMCID: PMC3627517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminoma is a subclass of human testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), the most frequently observed cancer in young men with a rising incidence. Here we describe the identification of a novel gene predisposing specifically to seminoma formation in a vertebrate model organism. Zebrafish carrying a heterozygous nonsense mutation in Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing protein 50 (lrrc50 also called dnaaf1), associated previously with ciliary function, are found to be highly susceptible to the formation of seminomas. Genotyping of these zebrafish tumors shows loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type lrrc50 allele in 44.4% of tumor samples, correlating with tumor progression. In humans we identified heterozygous germline LRRC50 mutations in two different pedigrees with a family history of seminomas, resulting in a nonsense Arg488* change and a missense Thr590Met change, which show reduced expression of the wild-type allele in seminomas. Zebrafish in vivo complementation studies indicate the Thr590Met to be a loss-of-function mutation. Moreover, we show that a pathogenic Gln307Glu change is significantly enriched in individuals with seminoma tumors (13% of our cohort). Together, our study introduces an animal model for seminoma and suggests LRRC50 to be a novel tumor suppressor implicated in human seminoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander G. Basten
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erica E. Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ad J. M. Gillis
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Stoop
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolina Babala
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ive Logister
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary G. Heath
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Trudy N. Jonges
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emile E. Voest
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J. van Eeden
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rene H. Medema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René F. Ketting
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rachel H. Giles
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tanaka T. Editorial comment from Dr Tanaka to risk factors for chronic kidney disease after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Int J Urol 2012. [PMID: 23186156 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wallacides A, Chesnel A, Ajj H, Chillet M, Flament S, Dumond H. Estrogens promote proliferation of the seminoma-like TCam-2 cell line through a GPER-dependent ERα36 induction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 350:61-71. [PMID: 22138413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Seminoma, originated from carcinoma in situ cells (CIS), is one of the main causes of cancer in young men. Postpubertal development of these testicular germ cell tumors suggests a hormone-sensitive way of CIS cell proliferation induction. Using the unique seminoma TCam-2 cell line, we demonstrate that both estradiol and testosterone can stimulate TCam-2 cell proliferation in the absence of the estradiol receptor ERα. We establish that estradiol can activate GPER-cAMP/PKA signalling pathway. TCam-2 cells express ERα36, a truncated isoform of the canonical ERα receptor, the expression of which is rapidly induced after estrogen treatment in a GPER-dependent manner. ERα36 knockdown indicates that ERα36 is (i) a downstream target of E(2)-activated GPER/PKA/CREB pathway, (ii) required for estradiol-dependent EGFR expression, (iii) necessary for cell proliferation. Colocalization of ERα36 with cytoskeleton microfilaments suggests a role of estrogens in cell motility. Our results highlight the functional role of ERα36 in context of seminoma cell proliferation and the importance of testing ERα36 in vivo as a possible future prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Wallacides
- EA4421, Signalisation, Génomique et Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie, Nancy-Université, Nancy, France
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25
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de Jong J, Stoop H, Gillis AJM, van Gurp RJHLM, van Drunen E, Beverloo HB, Lau YFC, Schneider DT, Sherlock JK, Baeten J, Hatakeyama S, Ohyama C, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LHJ. JKT-1 is not a human seminoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 30:350-65. [PMID: 17705808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The JKT-1 cell line has been used in multiple independent studies as a representative model of human testicular seminoma. However, no cell line for this specific tumour type has been independently confirmed previously; and therefore, the seminomatous origin of JKT-1 must be proven. The genetic constitution of the JKT-1 cells was determined using flow cytometry and spectral karyotyping, as well as array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Marker profiling, predominantly based on differentially expressed proteins during normal germ cell development, was performed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Moreover, genome wide affymetrix mRNA expression and profiling of 157 microRNAs was performed, and the status of genomic imprinting was determined. A germ cell origin of the JKT-1 cells was in line with genomic imprinting status and marker profile (including positive staining for several cancer-testis antigens). However, the supposed primary tumour, from which the cell line was derived, being indeed a classical seminoma, was molecularly proven not to be the origin of the cell line. The characteristic chromosomal anomalies of seminoma, e.g. gain of the short arm of chromosome 12, as well as the informative marker profile (positive staining for OCT3/4, NANOG, among others) were absent in the various JKT-1 cell lines investigated, irrespective of where the cells were cultured. All results indicate that the JKT-1 cell line is not representative of human seminoma. Although it can originate from an early germ cell, a non-germ cell derivation cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center
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26
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Boswell JS, Flam MS, Tashjian DN, Tschang TP. Basal cell carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes and lungs. Dermatol Online J 2006; 12:9. [PMID: 17083889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma (MBCC) of the skin is rare in occurrence and may initially elude proper diagnosis and management. We describe a case of MBCC to cervical lymph nodes, originally evaluated and treated surgically as metastatic thyroid carcinoma. After definitive diagnosis of MBCC was made, chemotherapy and concomitant radiation treatment were initiated; however, despite these measures, the patient then developed MBCC to the lung. Risk factors and current therapeutic modalities for MBCC are also discussed. In addition to the more commonly metastasizing carcinomas, metastases from a cutaneous basal cell carcinoma primary tumor should be considered when evaluating cervical lymph node metastases of an uncertain head and neck primary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Boswell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract
In 1927 Wangensteen wrote, ‘No greater diversity of opinion probably exists concerning anything in medicine than the question of malignancy in the undescended testicle.’ Since this was written a great number of papers has been published on this subject, and now it is generally accepted that the maldescended testis is more liable to undergo malignant change than the normally descended organ. The main factors which swayed opinion to this view were Campbell's analytical papers of 1942 and 1959. His conclusions were that malignancy was eleven times more frequent in the inguinal testis and sixty times more frequent in the intra-abdominal testis. The maldescended testis is also known to be more liable to torsion and trauma than is the normal organ.
The following case illustrates two of the dangers to which an intra-abdominal testis is exposed.
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Steele GS, Richie JP. The management of non seminomatous testicular cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2004; 4 Suppl 1:316-29. [PMID: 15349555 PMCID: PMC5956454 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2004.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme S Steele
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
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Loutfi R, Kattan J, Kikano T. Spontaneous pneumothorax following chemotherapy for metastatic germ cell tumor: a case report. J Med Liban 2004; 52:115-7. [PMID: 15884692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 30-year-old man with metastatic non seminomatous germ cell tumor of the left testicle to the abdomen and the lungs, who suddenly developed a bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax after the first course of salvage chemotherapy. Rapid destruction and lysis of lung nodules by chemotherapy seem to be the main mechanism of pneumothorax development. According to our case report and to the literature, the onset of acute dyspnea after chemotherapy for lung metastatic germ cell tumor should alert to the possibility of spontaneous pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Loutfi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Extragonadal germ cell carcinoma represents between 3% and 5% of all germ cell carcinomas. A metachronous primary germ cell carcinoma is exceedingly rare in these patients. We report the eighth case, which occurred in a 29-year-old man who presented with testicular seminoma 7 years after his initial presentation with extragonadal non-seminomatous germ cell carcinoma. The seven other patients also presented with extragonadal non-seminomatous germ cell carcinoma, followed subsequently by testicular seminoma in 6 patients and non-seminomatous germ cell carcinoma in the seventh. The mean time to presentation was 8 years. Although rare, this case emphasizes the need for long-term surveillance, including testicular evaluation of patients with a history of extragonadal germ cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allaway
- Department of Urology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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Sablitzky F, Moore A, Bromley M, Deed RW, Newton JS, Norton JD. Stage- and subcellular-specific expression of Id proteins in male germ and Sertoli cells implicates distinctive regulatory roles for Id proteins during meiosis, spermatogenesis, and Sertoli cell function. Cell Growth Differ 1998; 9:1015-24. [PMID: 9869302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistological detection of each of the four Id proteins (Id1-Id4) in sections of mouse testis revealed a unique temporal and spatial expression pattern for each Id protein during spermatogenesis. Furthermore, each Id protein displayed a distinctive, dynamic pattern of subcellular distribution. Id1 was uniquely expressed in MI/MII spermatocytes undergoing meiotic division. Id4 protein was detectable in the cytoplasm of type A1 spermatogonia, as well as in late pachytene and in diplotene spermatocytes. Id2 protein, which was most abundant in Sertoli cell nuclei, was also detectable in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, but as with Id4, it was absent from MI/MII cells. In postmeiotic spermatids, Id1, Id2, and Id4 proteins were expressed in a stage- and subcellular-specific manner. Expression of Id3 was restricted to Sertoli cell cytoplasm. In malignant seminoma cells, all four Id proteins were abundantly expressed with accompanying changes in their subcellular distribution. The observed expression of Id proteins in postproliferative Sertoli cells and spermatids and during specific stages of meiosis implies novel functional roles for this class of transcriptional regulator during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sablitzky
- Department of Medicine, The Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Abo-Auda WS, Chidambaram BS, Baker K, Whitaker J. Ventricular myxoma presenting as acute visual loss. Tenn Med 1998; 91:391-2. [PMID: 9780821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of left ventricular myxoma with embolization to the left posterior cerebral artery, causing acute visual loss. The tumor was successfully resected and a follow-up echocardiography after 21 months revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence. The patient also had a past history of testicular seminoma. We believe that this is the first case report of an association of cardiac myxoma and testicular seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Abo-Auda
- Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614, USA
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PACHTER MR, LATTES R. "GERMINAL" TUMORS OF THE MEDIASTINUM: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF ADULT TERATOMAS, TERATOCARCINOMAS, CHORIOCARCINOMAS AND SEMINOMAS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 45:301-10. [PMID: 14132277 DOI: 10.1378/chest.45.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Abstract
Stages in the retrogression of testicular seminoma are described. Eosinophilic necrosis fringed by palisaded histiocytes may be followed by fibrous replacement. Oxidation of unsaturated phospholipids in necrotic tumour may lead to deposition of lipofuscin around the lesion. Search for partially or completely scarred lesions is essential before contemplating a diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal seminoma. Retrogressed seminoma can often be distinguished from retrogressed teratoid tumours. Apparently paradoxical teratoid metastases in association with a testicular seminoma are explained on the basis of misinterpreted retrogressed teratoid tumours in association with the seminoma. Inguinal node metastases from testicular seminoma may be the result of abnormal lymphatic drainage following previous scrotal operations, testicular torsion etc.
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40
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Abstract
Testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease are two malignancies sharing many epidemiological similarities, including age class and geographical distribution. However, the association of these tumours in the same patient is an exceptional event; to date, only 14 metachronous and three synchronous cases have been described in the literature. We report on a case of testicular seminoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma association, with the additional occurrence, nearly 20 years later, of a colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Porta
- Institute of Therapeutic Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
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Aubert J, Bon D, Dore B, Irani J. [The treatment of stage I malignant non-seminoma tumors of the testis without systematic lumbo-aortic dissection. Results of a study begun 20 years ago. Apropos of 21 cases]. Prog Urol 1994; 4:349-56. [PMID: 7519099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over a 20-year period (1971-1991), the authors have treated 75 malignant testicular tumours, corresponding to 33 seminomas and 42 nonseminomatous tumours. The latter group included 23 stage I tumours according to Peckham's classification. The authors studied the therapeutic modalities of 21 of these patgients (2 non-protocol patients excluded) treated without lumboaortic lymph node dissection. Adjuvant therapy consisted of radiotherapy alone (2 cases), radiotherapy and chemotherapy (5 cases) and chemotherapy alone (14 cases). All patients are alive in complete remission (100%) with a follow-up of at least 24 months (range: 31-222 months, mean survival: 102.2 months). In line with what they already believed in 1971, the authors consider that systematic lumboaortic lymph node dissection is not essential in the treatment of stage I nonseminomatous testicular tumours, but propose systematic adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy (PVB or, preferably, PEB) provides a guarantee of security and good acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aubert
- Service d'Urologie, CHU de Poitiers
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About I, Bazet E, Capdeville J, Bernard P, Voigt JJ. [Retroperitoneal teratoma as "first symptom"]. Rev Med Interne 1993; 14:888-9. [PMID: 8191109 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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STRICKLAND P. SEMINOMA TESTIS WITH METASTASES AFTER 31 YEARS. Br Med J 1965; 1:356. [PMID: 14237903 PMCID: PMC2165351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KISZEL J, VARGA J. [BIRTH OF A HEALTHY INFANT FOLLOWING RADIATION THERAPY OF FATHER FOR SEMINOMA]. Zentralbl Gynakol 1965; 87:191-4. [PMID: 14268271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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LINQUETTE M, GAUTIER P, FOSSATI P, MAY JP, MONTOIS R. [DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMINOMA ON AN ECTOIC TESTICLE IN MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM]. Rev Fr Endocrinol Clin 1965; 6:57-62. [PMID: 14303772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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WEBB JN. CO-EXISTENT SEMINOMA AND TERATOMA: REPORT OF A CASE. BJU Int 1964; 36:570-2. [PMID: 14243819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1964.tb09551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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BLAUSTEIN A, CHASSIN J, TUAZON R. INTRATUBULAR SEMINOMA IN AN ATROPHIC TESTICLE: A CASE REPORT. J Urol 1964; 92:511-2. [PMID: 14226481 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)63997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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