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Chen L, Li C, Chen H, Xie Y, Su N, Luo F, Huang J, Zhang R, Chen L, Chen B, Yang J. Cross-sectional studies of the causal link between asthma and osteoporosis: insights from Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analysis. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:1007-1017. [PMID: 38430243 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The study, using data from Chongqing, China, and employing Mendelian randomization along with bioinformatics, establishes a causal link between asthma and osteoporosis, beyond glucocorticoid effects. Asthma may contribute to osteoporosis by accelerating bone turnover through inflammatory factors, disrupting the coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately leading to osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Asthma and osteoporosis are prevalent health conditions with substantial public health implications. However, their potential interplay and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Previous research has primarily focused on the impact of glucocorticoids on osteoporosis, often overlooking the role of asthma itself. METHODS We conducted a multi-stage stratified random sampling in Chongqing, China and excluded individuals with a history of glucocorticoid use. Participants underwent comprehensive health examinations, and their clinical data, including asthma status, were recorded. Logistic regression and Mendelian randomization were employed to investigate the causal link between asthma and osteoporosis. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses and serum biomarker assessments were conducted to explore potential mechanistic pathways. RESULTS We found a significant association between asthma and osteoporosis, suggesting a potential causal link. Mendelian Randomization analysis provided further support for this causal link. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that several molecular pathways might mediate the impact of asthma on bone health. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated in the asthma group, suggesting potential involvement in bone turnover. CONCLUSION Our study confirms a causal link between asthma and osteoporosis and highlights the importance of considering asthma in osteoporosis prediction models. It also suggests that asthma may accelerate osteoporosis by increasing bone turnover through inflammatory factors, disrupting the coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately leading to bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Chen
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Can Li
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Development, Laboratory of Injury Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:264-272. [PMID: 38297158 PMCID: PMC10907717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principal cells that efficiently resorb bone. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular pathways leading to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to improve the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-destructive diseases. While the cumulative knowledge of osteoclast regulatory molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), contributes to the understanding of the developmental progression of osteoclasts, little is known about how the discrete steps of osteoclastogenesis modify osteoclast status but not the absolute number of osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms involved in osteoclast maturation but not those involved in differentiation deserve special attention due to their potential use in establishing a more effective treatment strategy: targeting late-phase differentiation while preserving coupled bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the molecules that govern late-phase osteoclast differentiation and maturation, as well as the metabolic changes needed to adapt to shifting metabolic demands. This review outlines the current understanding of the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, as well as osteoclast metabolic adaptation as a differentiation control mechanism. Additionally, this review introduces molecules that regulate the late-phase osteoclast differentiation and thus minimally impact coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Qian J, Qin H, Zeng P, Hou J, Mo X, Shen G, Zeng H, Zhang W, Chen Y, Wan G. Metal-organic Zn-zoledronic acid and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid nanostick-mediated zinc phosphate hybrid coating on biodegradable Zn for osteoporotic fracture healing implants. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:685-704. [PMID: 37196904 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Zn and its alloys are increasingly under consideration for biodegradable bone fracture fixation implants owing to their attractive biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, their clinical application is a challenge for osteoporotic bone fracture healing, due to their uneven degradation mode, burst release of zinc ions, and insufficient osteo-promotion and osteo-resorption regulating properties. In this study, a type of Zn2+ coordinated zoledronic acid (ZA) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) metal-organic hybrid nanostick was synthesized, which was further mixed into zinc phosphate (ZnP) solution to mediate the deposition and growth of ZnP to form a well-integrated micro-patterned metal-organic/inorganic hybrid coating on Zn. The coating protected noticeably the Zn substrate from corrosion, in particular reducing its localized occurrence as well as suppressing its Zn2+ release. Moreover, the modified Zn was osteo-compatible and osteo-promotive and, more important, performed osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo of well-balanced pro-osteoblast and anti-osteoclast responses. Such favorable functionalities are related to the nature of its bioactive components, especially the bio-functional ZA and the Zn ions it contains, as well as its unique micro- and nano-scale structure. This strategy provides not only a new avenue for surface modification of biodegradable metals but also sheds light on advanced biomaterials for osteoporotic fracture and other applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Developing appropriate biodegradable metallic materials is of clinical relevance for osteoporosis fracture healing, whereas current strategies are short of good balance between the bone formation and resorption. Here, we designed a micropatterned metal-organic nanostick mediated zinc phosphate hybrid coating modified Zn biodegradable metal to fulfill such a balanced osteogenicity. The in vitro assays verified the coated Zn demonstrated outstanding pro-osteoblasts and anti-osteoclasts properties and the coated intramedullary nail promoted fracture healing well in an osteoporotic femur fracture rat model. Our strategy may offer not only a new avenue for surface modification of biodegradable metals but also shed light on better understanding of new advanced biomaterials for orthopedic application among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Haotian Qin
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Peijie Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiaming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaoshan Mo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Gang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Wentai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Guojiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Marcucci G, Domazetovic V, Nediani C, Ruzzolini J, Favre C, Brandi ML. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Osteoporosis: Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020373. [PMID: 36829932 PMCID: PMC9952369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate the bone remodeling process in relation to oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory factors, and estrogen deficiency. OS is considered an important pathogenic factor of osteoporosis, inducing osteocyte apoptosis and varying levels of specific factors, such as receptor activator κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, and, according to recent evidence, fibroblast growth factor 23, with consequent impairment of bone remodeling and high bone resorption. Bone loss increases the risk of fragility fractures, and the most commonly used treatments are antiresorptive drugs, followed by anabolic drugs or those with a double effect. In addition, recent data show that natural antioxidants contained in the diet are efficient in preventing and reducing the negative effects of OS on bone remodeling and osteocytes through the involvement of sirtuin type 1 enzyme. Indeed, osteocytes and some of their molecular factors are considered potential biological targets on which antioxidants can act to prevent and reduce bone loss, as well as to promote bone anabolic and regenerative processes by restoring physiological bone remodeling. Several data suggest including antioxidants in novel therapeutic approaches to develop better management strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and OS-related bone diseases. In particular, anthocyanins, as well as resveratrol, lycopene, oleuropein, some vitamins, and thiol antioxidants, could have protective and therapeutic anti-osteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis after bisphosphonate therapy discontinuation: an in vitro approach. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:669-677. [PMID: 35701706 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are specialized cells that degrade and resorb bone. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are drugs with well-known capacity to inhibit the resorption of mineralized tissues. Nitrogen-containing BPs, like alendronate (ALN) and zoledronic acid (ZA), inactivate osteoclast activity mostly by alterations on the cytoskeleton architecture of the cell. In this study, we used an in vitro model to test the hypothesis that bisphosphonates may have inhibitory effects on the osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity after the therapy was discontinued. Primary osteoclasts were generated from mouse bone marrow in media supplemented with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and cultivated over bones pre-treated with ALN and ZA. The pre-saturation of the bone slices with bisphosphonates did not affect cell viability. We found, however, that by disrupting the gene expression of RANKL and OPG the osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity of osteoclasts was significantly disturbed. These inhibitory effects were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy resorption assay, assessment of osteoclast ultrastructure, and by gene expression analysis of TRAP and Cathepsin K. In conclusion, ALN and ZA adhered to the bone matrix reduced the osteoclast activity in vitro.
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6
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Fang H, Deng Z, Liu J, Chen S, Deng Z, Li W. The Mechanism of Bone Remodeling After Bone Aging. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:405-415. [PMID: 35411139 PMCID: PMC8994557 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s349604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence mainly manifests as a series of degenerative changes in the morphological structure and function of the body. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disease characterized by destruction of bone microstructure, low bone mineral content, decreased bone strength, and increased brittleness and fracture susceptibility. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are the main cellular components of bones. However, in the process of aging, due to various self or environmental factors, the body’s function and metabolism are disordered, and osteoporosis will appear in the bones. Here, we summarize the mechanism of aging, and focus on the impact of aging on bone remodeling homeostasis, including the mechanism of ion channels on bone remodeling. Finally, we summarized the current clinical medications, targets and defects for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankun Fang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenhan Deng, Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13928440786, Fax +86 755-83366388, Email
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Wencui Li, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13923750767, Email
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7
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Oei HLDW, Vlug AG, Winter EM. The effect of osteoporosis treatment on bone mass. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 36:101623. [PMID: 35219602 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades there have been significant developments in the pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis. The therapeutic arsenal has expanded with monoclonal antibodies which have been developed based on discoveries of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone resorption and bone formation. Denosumab, the antibody binding RANKL, inhibits bone resorption, and romosozumab, the antibody binding sclerostin, inhibits bone resorption and stimulates bone formation as well. Both antibodies have shown potent anti-fracture efficacy in randomized clinical trials and this review will discuss the preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the effects on bone mass. After discontinuation of these antibodies, bone mineral density quickly returns to baseline and in the case of denosumab, discontinuation can not only induce rebound bone loss, but also the occurrence of vertebral fractures. Therefore, sequential antiresorptive therapy to maintain bone mass gains and anti-fracture efficacy is of utmost importance and will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - H Ling D W Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Annegreet G Vlug
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elizabeth M Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Lee S, Hong N, Kim Y, Park S, Kim KJ, Jeong J, Jung HI, Rhee Y. Circulating miR-122-5p and miR-375 as Potential Biomarkers for Bone Mass Recovery after Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1704. [PMID: 34574045 PMCID: PMC8472510 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. Although bone mineral density (BMD) tends to recover after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients, the degree of recovery varies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) profiles are known to be correlated with osteoporosis and fracture. We aimed to investigate whether osteoporotic fracture-related miRNAs are associated with postoperative BMD recovery in PHPT. Here, 16 previously identified osteoporotic fracture-related miRNAs were selected. We analyzed the association between the preoperative level of each miRNA and total hip (TH) BMD change. All 12 patients (among the 18 patients enrolled) were cured of PHPT after parathyroidectomy as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels were restored to the normal range. Preoperative miR-19b-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-375 showed a negative association with the percent changes in TH BMD from baseline. The association remained robust for miR-122-5p and miR-375 even after adjusting for sex, age, PTH, and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide levels in a multivariable model. In conclusion, preoperative circulating miR-122-5p and miR-375 levels were negatively associated with TH BMD changes after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients. miRNAs have the potential to serve as predictive biomarkers of treatment response in PHPT patients, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Yongnyun Kim
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-I.J.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jongju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-I.J.)
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (N.H.)
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9
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18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126504. [PMID: 34204387 PMCID: PMC8234710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In a healthy body, homeostatic actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts maintain the integrity of the skeletal system. When cellular activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts become abnormal, pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis, can occur. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiographs, are insensitive to the early cellular changes that precede gross pathological findings, often leading to delayed disease diagnoses and suboptimal therapeutic strategies. 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF)-positron emission tomography (PET) is an emerging imaging modality with the potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of bone diseases through the detection of subtle metabolic changes. Specifically, the dissociated 18F- is incorporated into hydroxyapatite, and its uptake reflects osteoblastic activity and bone perfusion, allowing for the quantification of bone turnover. While 18F-NaF-PET has traditionally been used to detect metastatic bone disease, recent literature corroborates the use of 18F-NaF-PET in benign osseous conditions as well. In this review, we discuss the cellular mechanisms of 18F-NaF-PET and examine recent findings on its clinical application in diverse metabolic, autoimmune, and osteogenic bone disorders.
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10
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Kress BJ, Kim DH, Mayo JR, Farris JT, Heck B, Sarver JG, Andy D, Trendel JA, Heck BE, Erhardt PW. Synthesis and Evaluation of PPARδ Agonists That Promote Osteogenesis in a Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and in a Mouse Model of Human Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6996-7032. [PMID: 33988379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a directed library of compounds to explore the structure-activity relationships of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation relative to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis. Our scaffold used para-substituted cinnamic acids as a polar headgroup, a heteroatom and heterocycle core connecting units, and substituted phenyl groups for the lipophilic tail. Compounds were screened for their ability to increase osteogenesis in MSCs, and the most promising were examined for subunit specificity using a quantitative PPAR transactivation assay. Six compounds were selected for in vivo studies in an ovariectomized mouse model of human postmenopausal osteoporosis. Four compounds improved bone density in vivo, with two (12d and 31a) having activity comparable to that of GW0742, a well-studied PPARδ-selective agonist. 31a (2-methyl-4-[N-methyl-N-[5-methylene-4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiazole]]aminocinnamic acid) had the highest selectivity for PPARδ compared to other subtypes, its selectivity far exceeding that of GW0742. Our results confirm that PPARδ is a new drug target for possible treatment of osteoporosis via in situ manipulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kress
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 16419, Republic of Korea.,Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Jared R Mayo
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jeffery T Farris
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Benjamin Heck
- Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States.,Bluffton University, Bluffton, Ohio 45817, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Divya Andy
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jill A Trendel
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Bruce E Heck
- Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
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11
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Ishida M, Kawao N, Mizukami Y, Takafuji Y, Kaji H. Serpinb1a suppresses osteoclast formation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101004. [PMID: 33997318 PMCID: PMC8100536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serpinb1a, a serine protease inhibitor family protein, has been implicated in immunoregulation and several metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity; however, its roles in bone remain unknown. Therefore, we herein investigated the physiological functions of Serpinb1a in osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation using mouse cell lines. Serpinb1a overexpression markedly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)- and calcitonin receptor-positive multinucleated cells increased by receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in mouse preosteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it significantly decreased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), TRAP and cathepsin K in these cells. Regarding osteoblasts, Serpinb1a overexpression significantly reduced the mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin as well as ALP activity induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in mouse mesenchymal ST2 cells, although it did not alter osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Concerning the pathophysiological relevance of Serpinb1a, Serpinb1a mRNA levels were decreased in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice 4 weeks after bilateral sciatic nerve resection. In conclusion, we herein revealed for the first time that Serpinb1a inhibited osteoclast formation induced by RANKL in RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed BMP-2-induced ALP activity in ST2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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12
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Liu J, Liu J, Duan S, Liu L, Zhang G, Peng X. Reprogrammed Epigenetic Landscape-Prophesied Functions of Bioactive Polysaccharides in Alleviating Diseases: A Pilot Study of DNA Methylome Remodeling in Astragalus Polysaccharide (APS)-Improved Osteoporosis in a Rat Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15449-15459. [PMID: 33320666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic event that plays critical roles in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of human diseases. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic mechanisms for Astragalus polysaccharide (APS)-improved osteoporosis in a rat model. The results showed that APS significantly changed the DNA methylome in colonic epithelia with great efficiency. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) based on differentially methylated sites (DMSs) revealed that APS caused promoter DNA methylation changes of genes associated with calcium homeostasis, osteoclast/osteoblast balance, Wnt signaling, and hormone-related processes. Further analysis showed high consistency of APS-induced gene methylomic changes in colonic epithelia and its effects on diabetes, virus infection, and wound healing, which had been reported already. Moreover, we suggested new functions and the involved mechanisms of APS in heart disease, neurological disorder, reproductive problem, and olfactory dysfunction. In this study, we offered epigenetic mechanisms for APS-improved osteoporosis. More importantly, we proposed and proved a reliable method to explore the beneficial effects of bioactive polysaccharides by studying DNA methylation changes at nonfocal sites. We firmly believed the promising prospects of this method for its great efficiency, rapidness, and economy in exploring possible beneficial or therapeutic effects of functional macromolecules with one single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Shan Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
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13
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Kim JM, Lin C, Stavre Z, Greenblatt MB, Shim JH. Osteoblast-Osteoclast Communication and Bone Homeostasis. Cells 2020; 9:E2073. [PMID: 32927921 PMCID: PMC7564526 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly regulated by a cross-talk between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts communicate with each other to regulate cellular behavior, survival and differentiation through direct cell-to-cell contact or through secretory proteins. A direct interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows bidirectional transduction of activation signals through EFNB2-EPHB4, FASL-FAS or SEMA3A-NRP1, regulating differentiation and survival of osteoblasts or osteoclasts. Alternatively, osteoblasts produce a range of different secretory molecules, including M-CSF, RANKL/OPG, WNT5A, and WNT16, that promote or suppress osteoclast differentiation and development. Osteoclasts also influence osteoblast formation and differentiation through secretion of soluble factors, including S1P, SEMA4D, CTHRC1 and C3. Here we review the current knowledge regarding membrane bound- and soluble factors governing cross-talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Chujiao Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zheni Stavre
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Matthew B. Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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14
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Rao M, Awasthi M. A review on interventions to prevent osteoporosis and improve fracture healing in osteoporotic patients. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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The Coumarin Derivative 5'-Hydroxy Auraptene Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation via Inhibiting MAPK and c-Fos/NFATc1 Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9395146. [PMID: 31976330 PMCID: PMC6949687 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9395146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical substances, coumarin derivatives, have demonstrated antiresorptive bone effects by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we have identified 5′-hydroxy auraptene (5′-HA), a coumarin derivative isolated from Lotus lalambensis Schweinf, as a novel stimulator for osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of 5′-HA on osteoclast differentiation of mouse bone marrow (BM) cells. The effect of 5′-HA on BM cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation was determined by measuring cell viability and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity, quantification of TRAP+ multinucleated cells (TRAP+MNCs), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of osteoclastic gene expression. Regulation of NF-κB, c-Fos/NFATc1, and MAPK signaling pathways by 5′-HA during osteoclastogenesis was measured by the NF-κB reporter assay and Western blot analysis. 5′-HA significantly suppresses the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation of BM cells in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, treatment of BM cells with 5′-HA significantly inhibited RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and c-Fos/NFATc1 pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p-38, and JNK was significantly inhibited by 5′-HA in BM cells. In conclusion, we identified 5′-HA as a novel coumarin derivative that suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting c-Fos/NFATc1 and MAPK signaling pathways.
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16
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Sun X, Gao X, Deng Z, Zhang L, McGilvray K, Gadomski BC, Amra S, Bao G, Huard J. High bone microarchitecture, strength, and resistance to bone loss in MRL/MpJ mice correlates with activation of different signaling pathways and systemic factors. FASEB J 2019; 34:789-806. [PMID: 31914651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901229rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The MRL/MpJ mice have demonstrated an enhanced tissue regeneration capacity for various tissues. In the present study, we systematically characterized bone microarchitecture and found that MRL/MpJ mice exhibit higher bone microarchitecture and strength compared to both C57BL/10J and C57BL/6J WT mice at 2, 4, and 10 months of age. The higher bone mass in MRL/MpJ mice was correlated to increased osteoblasts, decreased osteoclasts, higher cell proliferation, and bone formation, and enhanced pSMAD5 signaling earlier during postnatal development (2-month old) in the spine trabecular bone, and lower bone resorption rate at later age. Furthermore, these mice exhibit accelerated fracture healing via enhanced pSMAD5, pAKT and p-P38MAPK pathways compared to control groups. Moreover, MRL/MpJ mice demonstrated resistance to ovariectomy-induced bone loss as evidenced by maintaining higher bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and lower percentage of bone loss later after ovariectomy. The consistently higher serum IGF1 level and lower RANKL level in MRL/MpJ mice may contribute to the maintenance of high bone mass in uninjured and injured bone. In conclusion, our results indicate that enhanced pSMAD5, pAKT, and p-P38MAPK signaling, higher serum IGF-1, and lower RANKL level contribute to the higher bone microarchitecture and strength, accelerated healing, and resistance to osteoporosis in MRL/MpJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kirk McGilvray
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sarah Amra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
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17
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Blank M, Sims NA. Cellular Processes by Which Osteoblasts and Osteocytes Control Bone Mineral Deposition and Maturation Revealed by Stage-Specific EphrinB2 Knockdown. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:270-280. [PMID: 31401710 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. RECENT FINDINGS Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effects on skeletal strength. Early-stage deletion in osteoblasts leads to osteoblast apoptosis, delayed initiation of mineralization, and increased bone flexibility. Deletion later in the lineage targeted to osteocytes leads to a brittle bone phenotype and increased osteocyte autophagy. In these latter mice, although mineralization is initiated normally, all processes involved in matrix maturation, including mineral accrual, carbonate substitution, and collagen compaction, progress more rapidly. Osteoblasts and osteocytes control the many processes involved in bone mineralization; defining the contributing signaling activities may lead to new ways to understand and treat human skeletal fragilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Blank
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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18
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Sims NA, Martin TJ. Osteoclasts Provide Coupling Signals to Osteoblast Lineage Cells Through Multiple Mechanisms. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:507-529. [PMID: 31553686 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is essential for the repair and replacement of damaged and old bone. The major principle underlying this process is that osteoclast-mediated resorption of a quantum of bone is followed by osteoblast precursor recruitment; these cells differentiate to matrix-producing osteoblasts, which form new bone to replace what was resorbed. Evidence from osteopetrotic syndromes indicate that osteoclasts not only resorb bone, but also provide signals to promote bone formation. Osteoclasts act upon osteoblast lineage cells throughout their differentiation by facilitating growth factor release from resorbed matrix, producing secreted proteins and microvesicles, and expressing membrane-bound factors. These multiple mechanisms mediate the coupling of bone formation to resorption in remodeling. Additional interactions of osteoclasts with osteoblast lineage cells, including interactions with canopy and reversal cells, are required to achieve coordination between bone formation and resorption during bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; , .,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; , .,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Bone tissue is comprised of a collagen-rich matrix containing non-collagenous organic compounds, strengthened by mineral crystals. Bone strength reflects the amount and structure of bone, as well as its quality. These qualities are determined and maintained by osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells) on the surface of the bone and osteocytes embedded within the bone matrix. Bone development and growth also involves cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These cells do not act in isolation, but function in a coordinated manner, including co-ordination within each lineage, between the cells of bone, and between these cells and other cell types within the bone microenvironment. This chapter will briefly outline the cells of bone, their major functions, and some communication pathways responsible for controlling bone development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Ansari
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Nicolin V, De Tommasi N, Nori SL, Costantinides F, Berton F, Di Lenarda R. Modulatory Effects of Plant Polyphenols on Bone Remodeling: A Prospective View From the Bench to Bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31396157 PMCID: PMC6663995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past, a more comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms implicated in bone resorption processes has driven researchers to develop a compound library of many small molecules that specifically interfere with the genesis of osteoclast precursors cells. Natural compounds that suppress osteoclast commitment may have therapeutic value in treating pathologies associated with bone resorption like osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone metastasis, and periodontal disease. The present review is focused on the current knowledge on the polyphenols derived from plants that could be efficacious in suppressing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolin
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Nicolin
| | | | | | | | - Federico Berton
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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21
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Russow G, Jahn D, Appelt J, Märdian S, Tsitsilonis S, Keller J. Anabolic Therapies in Osteoporosis and Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010083. [PMID: 30587780 PMCID: PMC6337474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis represents the most common bone disease worldwide and results in a significantly increased fracture risk. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors implicated in the development of osteoporosis are also associated with delayed fracture healing and impaired bone regeneration. Based on a steadily increasing life expectancy in modern societies, the global implications of osteoporosis and impaired bone healing are substantial. Research in the last decades has revealed several molecular pathways that stimulate bone formation and could be targeted to treat both osteoporosis and impaired fracture healing. The identification and development of therapeutic approaches modulating bone formation, rather than bone resorption, fulfils an essential clinical need, as treatment options for reversing bone loss and promoting bone regeneration are limited. This review focuses on currently available and future approaches that may have the potential to achieve these aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Russow
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Denise Jahn
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Märdian
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johannes Keller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Colón-Bernal ID, Duong LT, Pennypacker B, Henderson J, Kozloff KM, Banaszak Holl MM. Cathepsin K inhibition preserves compressive load in lumbar vertebrae of osteoporotic monkeys. Bone Rep 2018; 9:159-164. [PMID: 30406161 PMCID: PMC6214835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-resorptive drugs treat bone loss by blocking osteoclast activity through a variety of mechanisms of action. Once significant bone loss has occurred, the ability to restore biomechanical function may differ based on the drug chosen. To assess this question, bisphosphonate (alendronate, ALN) and cathepsin K inhibitor (MK-0674, CatKi) were employed in treatment mode to compare the relative changes to cancellous bone microstructure and mechanical properties in ovariectomized (OVX) cynomolgus monkeys. Lumbar vertebrae (LV) bone mineral density (BMD) values taken two years post-surgery prior to drug treatment show a 10-15% decrease (p < 0.05) for all OVX animals. OVX animals were then treated with vehicle (VEH), ALN (0.03 mg/kg weekly), or CatKi MK-0674 (0.6 or 2.5 mg/kg daily, CatKi-L and H respectively) for two years and compared to a control Sham surgery group. Ex-vivo microcomputed tomography (μCT) of LV2 and compression testing of LV4-6 were used to measure cancellous bone microstructure and changes in bone mechanics, respectively. After two years of treatment, ALN-treated animals showed no significant difference in μCT or biomechanical parameters when compared to Veh. However, treatment with CatKi-H resulted in a 30% increase in yield and peak loads, and apparent peak and yield stress as compared to Veh (p < 0.05) and gave average mechanical values greater than the Sham sample. Treatment with CatKi-L exhibited a similar trend of increase to CatKi-H (p < 0.08). Intriguingly, these changes were realized despite no significant differences in mean values of trabecular bone morphologic parameters. Together these data suggest matrix-level changes in bone composition that are unique to the CatK inhibition mechanism, resulting in the preservation of bone compressive load with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le T. Duong
- Bone Biology Group, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - James Henderson
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research (CSCAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Vrahnas C, Buenzli PR, Pearson TA, Pennypacker BL, Tobin MJ, Bambery KR, Duong LT, Sims NA. Differing Effects of Parathyroid Hormone, Alendronate, and Odanacatib on Bone Formation and on the Mineralization Process in Intracortical and Endocortical Bone of Ovariectomized Rabbits. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:625-637. [PMID: 30019315 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone is formed by deposition of a collagen-containing matrix (osteoid) that hardens over time as mineral crystals accrue and are modified; this continues until bone remodeling renews that site. Pharmacological agents for osteoporosis differ in their effects on bone remodeling, and we hypothesized that they may differently modify bone mineral accrual. We, therefore, assessed newly formed bone in mature ovariectomized rabbits treated with the anti-resorptive bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN-100µ g/kg/2×/week), the anabolic parathyroid hormone (PTH (1-34)-15µ g/kg/5×/week), or the experimental anti-resorptive odanacatib (ODN 7.5 µM/day), which suppresses bone resorption without suppressing bone formation. Treatments were administered for 10 months commencing 6 months after ovariectomy (OVX). Strength testing, histomorphometry, and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy were used to measure bone strength, bone formation, and mineral accrual, respectively, in newly formed endocortical and intracortical bone. In Sham and OVX endocortical and intracortical bone, three modifications occurred as the bone matrix aged: mineral accrual (increase in mineral:matrix ratio), carbonate substitution (increase in carbonate:mineral ratio), and collagen molecular compaction (decrease in amide I:II ratio). ALN suppressed bone formation but mineral accrued normally at those sites where bone formation occurred. PTH stimulated bone formation on endocortical, periosteal, and intracortical bone surfaces, but mineral accrual and carbonate substitution were suppressed, particularly in intracortical bone. ODN treatment did not suppress bone formation, but newly deposited endocortical bone matured more slowly with ODN, and ODN-treated intracortical bone had less carbonate substitution than controls. In conclusion, these agents differ in their effects on the bone matrix. While ALN suppresses bone formation, it does not modify bone mineral accrual in endocortical or intracortical bone. While ODN does not suppress bone formation, it slows matrix maturation. PTH stimulates modelling-based bone formation not only on endocortical and trabecular surfaces, but may also do so in intracortical bone; at this site, new bone deposited contains less mineral than normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vrahnas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas A Pearson
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mark J Tobin
- The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith R Bambery
- The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Le T Duong
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Ferreira Junior DB, Pizziolo VR, Oliveira TTD, Matta SLPD, Píccolo MS, Queiroz JHD. Perfil biométrico, histomorfométrico e bioquímico no tratamento com atorvastatina cálcica de ratas com osteoporose induzida com dexametasona. Rev Bras Ortop 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbo.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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25
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Ferreira Junior DB, Pizziolo VR, Oliveira TTD, Matta SLPD, Píccolo MS, Queiroz JHD. Biometric, histomorphometric, and biochemical profile in atorvastatin calcium treatment of female rats with dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. Rev Bras Ortop 2018; 53:607-613. [PMID: 30245999 PMCID: PMC6147763 DOI: 10.1016/j.rboe.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of atorvastatin calcium in the treatment of dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. METHODS Osteoporosis induction consisted of the administration of an intramuscular dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight of dexamethasone, once a week for four weeks, except for the control animals (G1). The animals were divided into the following groups: G1 (control group without osteoporosis), G2 (control group with untreated osteoporosis), G3 (control group with osteoporosis treated with sodium alendronate 0.2 mg/kg) and G4 (group with osteoporosis treated with atorvastatin calcium 1.2 mg/kg). Serum alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, and biometric and bone histomorphometric assessments were performed after 30 and 60 days of treatment onset. RESULTS In relation to the biometric and histomorphometric analyses, at 60 days of treatment, G4 presented bone density (Seedor index), bone trabecular density, and cortical thickness of 0.222 ± 0.004 g/cm, 59.167 ± 2.401%, and 387,501 ± 8573 μm, respectively, with a positive and statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), in relation to G2. At 30 and 60 days of treatment, G4 presented statistically significant serum levels of alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05) that were higher than all groups (7.451 ± 0.173 μg/L and 7.473 ± 0.529 μg/L, respectively). CONCLUSION Treatment with atorvastatin calcium demonstrated the ability of this drug to increase osteoblastic activity and bone tissue repair activity, acting differently from alendronate sodium, which demonstrated predominantly antirebsorptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virgínia Ramos Pizziolo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Tânia Toledo de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Mayra Soares Píccolo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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26
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He L, Hong G, Zhou L, Zhang J, Fang J, He W, Tickner J, Han X, Zhao L, Xu J. Asiaticoside, a component of Centella asiatica attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via NFATc1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4267-4276. [PMID: 30146787 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of natural compounds that inhibit osteoclastogenesis will facilitate the development of antiresorptive treatment of osteolytic bone diseases. Asiaticoside is a triterpenoid derivative isolated from Centella asiatica, which exhibits varying biological effects like angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and osteogenic differentiation. However, its role in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that Asiaticoside can suppress RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Asiaticoside attenuated the expression of osteoclast marker genes including Ctsk, Atp6v0d2, Nfatc1, Acp5, and Dc-stamp. Furthermore, Asiaticoside inhibited RANKL-mediated NF-κB and NFATc1 activities, and RANKL-induced calcium oscillation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Asiaticoside inhibited osteoclast formation and function through attenuating RANKL-induced key signaling pathways, which may indicate that Asiaticoside is a potential antiresorptive agent against osteoclast-related osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Foshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoju Hong
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Radiography, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilian Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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27
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Reis MVP, de Souza GL, Moura CCG, da Silva MV, Souza MA, Soares PBF, Soares CJ. Effects of Lectin (ScLL) on osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells' maturation-A preliminary in vitro study. Dent Traumatol 2018; 34:329-335. [PMID: 29856524 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lectin (ScLL) has been recently evaluated in the oral cavity due to its anti-inflammatory activities. ScLL could be a promising agent for blocking osteoclast activity and preventing root resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ScLL on the viability of the RAW 264.7 macrophage lineage, osteoclast-like maturation and the release of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability of RAW 264.7 cells was determined by MTT and Alamar Blue assays after ScLL treatment for 24 hours. ScLL effects on RANKL-induced osteoclast-like maturation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F-actin ring formation. The supernatant was collected to detect the release of TNF-α using ELISA and NO using a nitrite assay. RESULTS ScLL suppressed osteoclast-like maturation by decreasing TRAP activity as well as F-actin ring formation. ScLL at 10 μg/mL showed the highest values of NO release compared with all other groups (P < .05). Lower levels of TNF-α were found for the negative control. CONCLUSIONS ScLL at 5 μg/mL suppressed osteoclast-like maturation in vitro and had no cytotoxic effect on RAW cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella V P Reis
- Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela L de Souza
- Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Camilla C G Moura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcus V da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Maria A Souza
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B F Soares
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Soares
- Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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28
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Kindstedt E, Johansson L, Palmqvist P, Koskinen Holm C, Kokkonen H, Johansson I, Rantapää Dahlqvist S, Lundberg P. Association Between Marginal Jawbone Loss and Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Relationship to Plasma Levels of RANKL. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:508-515. [PMID: 29195021 DOI: 10.1002/art.40394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether periodontitis, characterized by marginal jawbone loss, precedes the onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to analyze plasma levels of RANKL (a cytokine that is crucial for bone resorption) and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) in presymptomatic individuals compared with matched referent controls. METHODS Marginal jawbone loss was measured on dental radiographs of the premolar/molar regions in the jaws in 176 subjects, 93 of whom subsequently developed RA. Among these participating subjects, 46 had documented radiographs predating symptom onset, and 45 cases could be matched to controls, according to sex, age, and smoking status. Plasma RANKL concentrations were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the cutoff value for RANKL positivity. RESULTS Bone loss was significantly greater in presymptomatic subjects classified as never smokers compared with that in controls, and increasing levels of bone loss were associated with a higher risk of the subsequent development of RA (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.05). No association between jawbone loss and RA was observed in smokers. A significantly greater extent of marginal jawbone loss was detected in RANKL-positive presymptomatic subjects, and even more pronounced jawbone loss was observed in those who were positive for both RANKL and ACPA. CONCLUSION Marginal jawbone loss preceded the clinical onset of RA symptoms, but this was observed only in nonsmokers. Moreover, marginal jawbone loss was significantly greater in RANKL-positive presymptomatic subjects compared with RANKL-negative presymptomatic subjects and was highest in presymptomatic subjects positive for both ACPA and RANKL.
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29
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Maugars Y, Bart G, Guillot P, Chemel-Mary M, Glémarec J, Gahier-Penhoat M, Le Goff B, Darrieutort-Laffite C. Multiple Vertebral Osteonecroses (Kümmell's Disease) After 10 Years on Denosumab: Is Osteocyte Apoptosis to Blame? Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:368-372. [PMID: 29103161 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report here a case of multiple vertebral osteonecroses with intrasomatic gaseous dissection (Kümmell's disease) occurring 1 year after the end of a 10-year course of denosumab treatment for osteoporosis without fractures. Histomorphometry and bone remodeling markers revealed major bone resorption and the persistence of an inhibition of bone formation. The presence of multiple empty lacunae in the bone provided evidence for high levels of osteocyte apoptosis. Osteocytes direct bone resorption (via the RANK/RANK-L/osteoprotegerin system) and formation (Wnt system, with SOST and DKK1) pathways. The vertebral osteonecrosis in our case may, therefore, have resulted from osteocyte apoptosis, decompensated by the sudden reactivation of bone remodeling after the cessation of denosumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Maugars
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France.
| | - Géraldine Bart
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Guillot
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Marguerite Chemel-Mary
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Glémarec
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Gahier-Penhoat
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Le Goff
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex, France
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30
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Li G, Zhang L, Wang L, Yuan G, Dai K, Pei J, Hao Y. Dual modulation of bone formation and resorption with zoledronic acid-loaded biodegradable magnesium alloy implants improves osteoporotic fracture healing: An in vitro and in vivo study. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:486-500. [PMID: 29079514 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture (OPF) remains a major clinical challenge for skeletal regeneration. Impaired osteogenesis and excessive remodeling result in prolonged and poor quality of fracture healing. To augment bone formation and inhibit excessive resorption simultaneously, we constructed a biodegradable magnesium-based implant integrated with the anti-catabolic drug zoledronic acid (ZA); this implant exhibits controllable, sustained release of magnesium degradation products and ZA in vitro. The extracts greatly stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of rat-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), while osteoclastogenesis is inhibited by ZA. Implantation of intramedullary nails to fix femur fracture in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats for up to 12 weeks demonstrates magnesium implants alone can enhance OPF repair through promoting callus formation compared to conventional stainless steel, while the combinatory treatment with local ZA release from implant coating further increases bone regeneration rate and callus size, remarkably improves bone quality and mechanical strength and suppresses osteoclasts and bone remodeling, due to the synergistic effect of both agents. The slow and uniform degradation of the implant ensures a steady decrease in bending force, which meets clinical requirements. In summary, biodegradable magnesium-based implants can locally co-deliver magnesium degradation products and zoledronic acid in a controlled manner, and can be superior alternatives for the reconstruction of osteoporosis-related fracture. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Management of osteoporotic fracture has posed a major challenge in orthopedics, as the imbalance between diminished osteogenesis and excessive bone remodeling often leads to delayed and compromised fracture repair. Among various efforts expended on augmenting osteoporotic fracture healing, herein we reported a new strategy by engineering and utilizing a biodegradable magnesium-based implant integrated with local drug delivery, specifically, zoledronic acid (ZA)-loaded polylactic acid/brushite bilayer coating on a biodegradable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy (denoted as Mg/ZA/CaP), aiming to combine the favorable properties of Mg and zoledronic acid for simultaneous modulation of bone formation and bone resorption. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated its superior treatment efficacy along with adequate degradation. It stimulated new bone formation while suppressing remodeling, ascribed to the local release of magnesium degradation products and zoledronic acid. To our knowledge, the enhanced fracture repair capability of Mg-based implants was for the first time demonstrated in an osteoporotic fracture animal model. This innovative biodegradable Mg-based orthopedic implant presents great potential as a superior alternative to current internal fixation devices for treating osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Pei
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Diepenhorst N, Rueda P, Cook AE, Pastoureau P, Sabatini M, Langmead CJ. G protein-coupled receptors as anabolic drug targets in osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 184:1-12. [PMID: 29080701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disorder characterised by imbalance between bone building (anabolism) and resorption (catabolism). Most therapeutics target inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, but more recent attention in early drug discovery has focussed on anabolic targets in osteoblasts or their precursors. Two marketed agents that display anabolic properties, strontium ranelate and teriparatide, mediate their actions via the G protein-coupled calcium-sensing and parathyroid hormone-1 receptors, respectively. This review explores their activity, the potential for improved therapeutics targeting these receptors and other putative anabolic GPCR targets, including Smoothened, Wnt/Frizzled, relaxin family peptide, adenosine, cannabinoid, prostaglandin and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Diepenhorst
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Patricia Rueda
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anna E Cook
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Pastoureau
- Therapeutic Innovation Pole of Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Massimo Sabatini
- Therapeutic Innovation Pole of Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia.
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32
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Zhu S, Yao F, Qiu H, Zhang G, Xu H, Xu J. Coupling factors and exosomal packaging microRNAs involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:469-480. [PMID: 28795526 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodelling is a continuous process by which bone resorption by osteoclasts is followed by bone formation by osteoblasts to maintain skeletal homeostasis. These two forces must be tightly coordinated not only quantitatively, but also in time and space, and its malfunction leads to diseases such as osteoporosis. Recent research focusing on the cross-talk and coupling mechanisms associated with the sequential recruitment of osteoblasts to areas where osteoclasts have removed bone matrix have identified a number of osteogenic factors produced by the osteoclasts themselves. Osteoclast-derived factors and exosomal-containing microRNA (miRNA) can either enhance or inhibit osteoblast differentiation through paracrine and juxtacrine mechanisms, and therefore may have a central coupling role in bone formation. Entwined with angiocrine factors released by vessel-specific endothelial cells and perivascular cells or pericytes, these factors play a critical role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling essential in bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, M504, Australia
| | - Felix Yao
- Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, M504, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, M504, Australia
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, M504, Australia
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33
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Su YW, Chen KM, Hassanshahi M, Tang Q, Howe PR, Xian CJ. Childhood cancer chemotherapy-induced bone damage: pathobiology and protective effects of resveratrol and other nutraceuticals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1403:109-117. [PMID: 28662275 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intensive cancer chemotherapy causes significant bone loss, for which the mechanisms remain unclear and effective treatments are lacking. This is a significant issue particularly for childhood cancers, as the most common ones have a >75% cure rate following chemotherapy; there is an increasing population of survivors who live with chronic bone defects. Studies suggest that these defects are the result of reduced bone from increased marrow fat formation and increased bone resorption following chemotherapy. These changes probably result from altered expression/activation of regulatory molecules or pathways regulating skeletal cell formation and activity. Treatment with methotrexate, an antimetabolite commonly used in childhood oncology, has been shown to increase levels of proinflammatory/pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines (e.g., enhanced NF-κB activation), leading to increased osteoclast formation and bone resorption, as well as to attenuate Wnt signaling, leading to both decreased bone and increased marrow fat formation. In recent years, understanding the mechanisms of action and potential health benefits of selected nutraceuticals, including resveratrol, genistein, icariin, and inflammatory fatty acids, has led to preclinical studies that, in some cases, indicate efficacy in reducing chemotherapy-induced bone defects. We summarize the supporting evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Qian Tang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter R Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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34
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Córdova LA, Guilbaud F, Amiaud J, Battaglia S, Charrier C, Lezot F, Piot B, Redini F, Heymann D. Severe compromise of preosteoblasts in a surgical mouse model of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1387-94. [PMID: 27519659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of amino-bisphosphonates on osteoblastic lineage and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) remain controversial. We assessed the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on bone and vascular cells of the alveolar socket using a mouse model of BONJ. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two mice were treated twice a week with either 100 μg/kg of ZOL or saline for 12 weeks. The first left maxillary molar was extracted at the third week. Alveolar sockets were assessed at both 3 weeks (intermediate) and 9 weeks (long-term) after molar extraction by semi-quantitative histomorphometry for empty lacunae, preosteoblasts (Osterix), osteoclasts (TRAP), and pericyte-like cells (CD146). Also, the bone microarchitecture was assessed by micro-CT. RESULTS Osteonecrotic-like lesions were observed in 21% of mice. Moreover, a decreased number of preosteoblasts contrasted with the increased number of osteoclasts at both time points. In addition, osteoclasts display multinucleation and detachment from the endosteal surface. Furthermore, the number of pericyte-like cells increased at the intermediate time point. The alveolar bone mass increased exclusively with long-term ZOL treatment. CONCLUSION The severe imbalance between bone-forming cells and bone-resorbing cells shown in this study could contribute to the pathogenesis of BONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Córdova
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Borja Arriarán University Hospital - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Polhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Florian Guilbaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Céline Charrier
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Frédéric Lezot
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Benoît Piot
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France; Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours Laboratory, 1 rue Gaston Veil, Nantes Cedex 1, 44035, Nantes, France; Nantes University Hospital, 1 Place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France; Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
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Rizzoli R, Benhamou CL, Halse J, Miller PD, Reid IR, Rodríguez Portales JA, DaSilva C, Kroon R, Verbruggen N, Leung AT, Gurner D. Continuous treatment with odanacatib for up to 8 years in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: a phase 2 study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2099-107. [PMID: 26879200 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The efficacy and safety of weekly oral odanacatib (ODN) 50 mg for up to 8 years were assessed in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Treatment with ODN for up to 8 years resulted in continued or maintained increases in BMD at multiple sites and was well tolerated. INTRODUCTION ODN is a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K. In a 2-year phase 2b study (3/10/25/50 mg ODN once weekly [QW] or placebo) and extensions (50 mg ODN QW or placebo), ODN treatment for 5 years progressively increased BMD and decreased bone resorption markers in postmenopausal women with low BMD ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00112437). METHODS In this prespecified interim analysis at year 8 of an additional 5-year extension (years 6 to 10), patients (n = 117) received open-label ODN 50 mg QW plus weekly vitamin D3 (5600 IU) and calcium supplementation as needed. Primary end points were lumbar spine BMD and safety. Patients were grouped by ODN exposure duration. RESULTS Mean (95 % confidence interval [CI]) lumbar spine BMD changes from baseline were 4.6 % (2.4, 6.7; 3-year continuous ODN exposure), 12.9 % (8.1, 17.7; 5 years), 12.8 % (10.0, 15.7; 6 years), and 14.8 % (11.0, 18.6; 8 years). Similar patterns of results were observed for BMD of trochanter, femoral neck, and total hip versus baseline. Geometric mean changes from baseline to year 8 for bone resorption markers were approximately -50 % (uNTx/Cr) and -45 % (sCTx), respectively (all groups); bone formation markers remained near baseline levels. No osteonecrosis of the jaw, delayed fracture union, or morphea-like skin reactions were reported. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with ODN for up to 8 years resulted in gains in BMD at multiple sites. Bone resorption markers remained reduced, with no significant change observed in bone formation markers. Treatment with ODN for up to 8 years was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | | | - J Halse
- Osteoporoseklinikken, Oslo, Norway
| | - P D Miller
- Colorado Center for Bone Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - I R Reid
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - C DaSilva
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - R Kroon
- Formerly MSD, Oss, The Netherlands
| | | | - A T Leung
- Formerly Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - D Gurner
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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36
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Drissi H, Sanjay A. The Multifaceted Osteoclast; Far and Beyond Bone Resorption. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1753-6. [PMID: 27019318 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The accepted function of the bone resorbing cell, osteoclast, has been linked to bone remodeling and pathological osteolysis. Emerging evidence points to novel functions of osteoclasts in controlling bone formation and angiogenesis. Thus, while the concept of a "clastokine" with the potential to regulate osteogenesis during remodeling did not come as a surprise, new evidence provided unique insight into the mechanisms underlying osteoclastic control of bone formation. The question still remains as to whether osteoclast precursors or a unique trap positive mononuclear cell, can govern any aspect of bone formation. The novel paradigm eloquently proposed by leaders in the field brings together the concept of clastokines and osteoclast precursor-mediated bone formation, potentially though enhanced angiogenesis. These fascinating advances in osteoclast biology have motivated this short review, in which we discuss these new roles of osteoclasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1753-1756, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Drissi
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Orthopaedics Surgery, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington 06034, Connecticut
| | - Archana Sanjay
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Orthopaedics Surgery, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington 06034, Connecticut
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37
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Panwar P, Søe K, Guido RV, Bueno RVC, Delaisse JM, Brömme D. A novel approach to inhibit bone resorption: exosite inhibitors against cathepsin K. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:396-410. [PMID: 26562357 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cathepsin K (CatK) is a major drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Potent active site-directed inhibitors have been developed and showed variable success in clinical trials. These inhibitors block the entire activity of CatK and thus may interfere with other pathways. The present study investigates the antiresorptive effect of an exosite inhibitor that selectively inhibits only the therapeutically relevant collagenase activity of CatK. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human osteoclasts and fibroblasts were used to analyse the effect of the exosite inhibitor, ortho-dihydrotanshinone (DHT1), and the active site inhibitor, odanacatib (ODN), on bone resorption and TGF-ß1 degradation. Cell cultures, Western blot, light and scanning electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, molecular modelling and enzymatic assays were used to evaluate the inhibitors. KEY RESULTS DHT1 selectively inhibited the collagenase activity of CatK, without affecting the viability of osteoclasts. Both inhibitors abolished the formation of resorption trenches, with DHT1 having a slightly higher IC50 value than ODN. Maximal reductions of other resorption parameters by DHT1 and ODN were comparable, respectively 41% and 33% for total resorption surface, 46% and 48% for resorption depths, and 83% and 61% for C-terminal telopetide fragment (CTX) release. DHT1 did not affect the turnover of fibrosis-associated TGF-ß1 in fibroblasts, whereas 500 nM ODN was inhibitory. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study shows that an exosite inhibitor of CatK can specifically block bone resorption without interfering with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Center for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Rafael Vc Guido
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Renata V C Bueno
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Center for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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38
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Sims NA, Romas E. Is RANKL inhibition both anti-resorptive and anabolic in rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:328. [PMID: 26577945 PMCID: PMC4650503 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A small peptide, OP3-4, blocks receptor activator of NF-κB from binding to its ligand, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and was reported recently to inhibit bone resorption, promote bone formation and protect cartilage in a preclinical rheumatoid arthritis model. The latter effects may result from inhibition of RANKL reverse signalling in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Whether other RANKL inhibitors, such as denosumab, share this action is not known, but OP3-4 at least has potential to provide anabolic treatment for both systemic and focal bone loss in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Evange Romas
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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39
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He LH, Xiao E, Duan DH, Gan YH, Zhang Y. Osteoclast Deficiency Contributes to Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosed Bone Mass Formation. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1392-400. [PMID: 26250572 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosed bone mass in temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is an important factor affecting mouth-opening limitation. However, the mechanism underlying the occurrence of ankylosed bone mass remains unknown. Research has shown that osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintain balance in bone remodeling. Thus, we hypothesized that aberrant osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis may be involved in the occurrence of ankylosed bone mass in TMJA. In this study, we characterized the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells and the osteoclastogenesis of myelomonocyte in clinical specimens of TMJA and normal controls. Results showed that, compared with control bone marrow stem cells, TMJA bone marrow stem cells had lower proliferative and osteogenic capacities. The number of osteoclasts in the ankylosed bone mass group dramatically decreased, and myelomonocyte osteoclastogenic potential was impaired. The RANKL/OPG ratio of the ankylosed bone mass group was lower than that of the control group. Thus, our study suggests that osteoclast deficiency may be an important factor affecting bone mass ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - E Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - D H Duan
- Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Gan
- Central Laboratory and Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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40
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Sims NA, Martin TJ. Coupling Signals between the Osteoclast and Osteoblast: How are Messages Transmitted between These Temporary Visitors to the Bone Surface? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:41. [PMID: 25852649 PMCID: PMC4371744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Sims
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence:
| | - T. John Martin
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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41
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Yang W, Ko H, Kim H, Kim M. The effect of cathepsin K inhibitor on osteoclastic activity compared to alendronate and enamel matrix protein. Dent Traumatol 2014; 31:202-8. [PMID: 25394885 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM There have been several attempts to treat delayed replantation with agents that inhibit root resorption. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cathepsin K inhibitor in inhibiting osteoclastic activity compared to that of alendronate and enamel matrix protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of the receptor activator of NF-kB and lipopolysaccharide, followed by treatment with odanacatib, alendronate, or Emdogain at various concentrations. After drug treatment, an MTT assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity, while reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine the expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Data were analyzed by one-way anova and Tukey's post-hoc test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Of all tested agents, Emdogain resulted in the least cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells, while 10(-9) M odanacatib had the largest suppressive effects on the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Odanacatib inhibits osteoclastic activity, showing the possibility as a treatment agent for delayed replantation of avulsed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Sims NA, Vrahnas C. Regulation of cortical and trabecular bone mass by communication between osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Zhuo Y, Gauthier JY, Black WC, Percival MD, Duong LT. Inhibition of bone resorption by the cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib is fully reversible. Bone 2014; 67:269-80. [PMID: 25038310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitor odanacatib (ODN) is currently being developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. In clinical trials, efficacy and resolution of effect of ODN treatment on bone turnover biomarkers and accrued bone mass have been demonstrated. Here, we examine the effects of continuing treatment and discontinuation of ODN versus alendronate (ALN) on osteoclast (OC) function. First, accessibility and reversible engagement of active CatK in intracellular vesicles and resorption lacunae of actively resorbing OCs were demonstrated by the selective and reversible CatK inhibitors, BODIPY-L-226 (IC50=39nM) and L-873,724 (IC50=0.5nM). Next, mature human OCs on bone slices were treated with vehicle, ODN, or ALN for 2days, followed by either continuing with the same treatment, or replacement of the inhibitors by vehicle for additional times as specified per experimental conditions. Maintaining OCs on ODN or ALN significantly reduced CTx-I release compared to vehicle controls. However, only the treatment of OCs with ODN resulted in the formation of small shallow discrete resorption pits, retention of intracellular vesicles enriched with CatK and other lysosomal enzymes, increase in 1-CTP release and number of TRAP(+) OCs. Upon discontinuation of ODN treatment, OCs rapidly resumed bone resorption activity, as demonstrated by a return of OC functional markers (CTx-I, 1-CTP), cell number and size, morphology and number of resorption pits, and vesicular secretion of CatK toward the respective vehicle levels. As expected, discontinuation of ALN did not reverse the treatment-related inhibition of OC activity in the time frame of the experiment. In summary, this study demonstrated rapid kinetics of inhibition and reversibility of the effects of ODN on OC bone resorption, that differentiated the cellular mechanism of CatK inhibition from that of the bisphosphate antiresorptive ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhuo
- Department of Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
| | - J-Y Gauthier
- Pharmascience, 6111 Avenue Royalmount, suite100, Montréal, QC H4P 2T4, Canada.
| | - W C Black
- Kaneq Pharma Inc., 110 Churchill, Baie d'Urfé, QC H9X 2Y6, Canada.
| | - M D Percival
- Inception Sciences Canada Inc., 887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, BC V5T4T5, Canada.
| | - L T Duong
- Department of Bone Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
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44
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Guo Y, Li Y, Xue L, Severino RP, Gao S, Niu J, Qin LP, Zhang D, Brömme D. Salvia miltiorrhiza: an ancient Chinese herbal medicine as a source for anti-osteoporotic drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1401-16. [PMID: 25109459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), also known as Danshen in Chinese, has been used historically and is currently exploited in combination with other herbs to treat skeletal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the advance of modern analytical technology, a multitude of bone-targeting, pharmaceutically active, compounds has been isolated and characterized from various sources of TCM including those produced in Salvia miltiorrhiza root. The aim of the review is to provide a comprehensive overview about the historical TCM interpretation of the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza in osteoporosis, its use clinical trials, its main phytochemical constituents, and its action on bone-resorptive and bone formation-stimulating mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature sources used were Pubmed, CNKI.net, Cqvip.com, PubChem, and the Web of Science. For the inquiry, keywords such as Salvia, danshen, osteoporosis, bone, osteoclast and osteoblast were used in various combinations. About 130 research papers and reviews were consulted. RESULTS In TCM, the anti-osteopororotic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza is ascribed to its action on liver and blood stasis as main therapeutic targets defining osteoporosis. 36 clinical trials were identified which used Salvia miltiorrhiza in combination with other herbs and components to treat post-menopausal, senile, and secondary osteoporosis. On average the trials were characterized by high efficacy (>80%) and low toxicity problems. However, various limitations such as small patient samples, short treatment duration, frequent lack of detailed numerical data, and no clear endpoints must be taken into consideration. To date, more than 100 individual compounds have been isolated from this plant and tested in various animal models and biochemical assays. Compounds display anti-resorptive and bone formation-stimulating features targeting different pathways in the bone remodeling cycle. Pathways affected include the activation of osteoblasts, the modulation of osteoclastogenesis, and the inhibition of collagen degradation by cathepsin K. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of Salvia miltiorrhiza in more than 30% of all herbal clinical trials successfully targeting osteoporosis has stimulated significant interest in the identification and characterization of individual constituents of this herb. The review highlights the anti-osteoporotic potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza in clinical applications and the potential of the herb to provide potent compounds targeting specific pathways in bone resorption and bone formation.
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Key Words
- Anti-resorptive activity
- Danshen
- Osteoporosis
- Pro-anabolic activity
- Salvia miltiorrhiza
- Salvianolic acid A, CID 5281793
- caffeic acid, CID 689043
- cryptotanshinone, CID 160254
- oleanolic acid, CID 10494
- p-coumaric acid, CID 637542
- raloxifene, CID 5035
- salvianolic acid B (Synonym: Salvianic acid B), CID 11629084
- tanshinone I, CID 114917
- tanshinone IIA, CID 164676
- ursolic acid, CID 64945
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Guo
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liming Xue
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z3
| | - Richele P Severino
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z3
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z3.
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z3.
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Fijalkowski I, Boudin E, Mortier G, Van Hul W. Sclerosing bone dysplasias: leads toward novel osteoporosis treatments. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2014; 12:243-51. [PMID: 24947952 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-014-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing bone dysplasias are a group of rare, monogenic disorders characterized by increased bone density resulting from the disturbance in the fragile equilibrium between bone formation and resorption. Over the last decade, major contributions have been made toward better understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions. These studies provided us with important insights into the bone biology and yielded the identification of numerous drug targets for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Here, we review this heterogeneous group of disorders focusing on their utility in the development of novel osteoporosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fijalkowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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