Potential of AI-Driven Chatbots in Urology: Revolutionizing Patient Care Through Artificial Intelligence

The content analysis used in nursing research and the possibility of including artificial intelligence support: A methodological review

BACKGROUND

This article explores how AI supports nurses by employing content analysis for scientific nursing research.

METHODS

A narrative literature review was conducted.

RESULTS

The article summarizes the knowledge known about content analysis and outlines qualitative and quantitative content analysis concepts and simplifies the issues related to the coding process. It explains how to identify and assess quality during content analysis and gives examples of topics that can be investigated using it, especially in the field of nursing.

CONCLUSIONS

Knowledge of AI capabilities is needed to make positive use of it. These capabilities change very quickly and require constant knowledge updates. Legal and ethical regulations concerning the use of technology are still lacking, so AI outputs still require human verification of them.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Men's Health Clinic Efficiency and Clinic Billing

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has produced a significant impact across various industries, including healthcare. In the outpatient clinic setting, AI offers promising improvements in efficiency through Chatbots, streamlined medical documentation, and personalized patient education materials. On the billing side, AI technologies hold potential for optimizing the selection of appropriate billing codes, automating prior authorizations, and enhancing healthcare fraud detection. The purpose of this review is to explore the current applications of AI in men's health clinics, with a focus on enhancing clinic efficiency and billing practices.

RECENT FINDINGS

Current uses of AI, including AI-powered Chatbots, Large Language Models (LLM) and Natural Language Processing (NLP), are discussed with a focus on their application in men's health clinics. Additionally, the challenges associated with their implementation are highlighted.

Reliability and quality of information provided by artificial intelligence chatbots on post-contrast acute kidney injury: an evaluation of diagnostic, preventive, and treatment guidance

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and quality of information provided by artificial intelligence chatbots regarding the diagnosis, preventive methods, and treatment of contrast-associated acute kidney injury, while also discussing their benefits and drawbacks.

METHODS

The most frequently asked questions regarding contrast-associated acute kidney injury on Google Trends between January 2022 and January 2024 were posed to four artificial intelligence chatbots: ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Perplexity. The responses were evaluated based on the DISCERN score, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials score, the Web Resource Rating scale, the Coleman-Liau index, and a Likert scale.

RESULTS

As per the DISCERN score, the quality of information provided by Perplexity received a rating of "good", while the quality of information acquired by ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot was scored as "average." Based on the Coleman-Liau index, the readability of the responses was greater than 11 for all artificial intelligence chatbots, suggesting a high level of complexity requiring a university-level education. Similarly, the understandability and applicability scores on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials and the Web Resource Rating scale were low for all artificial intelligence programs. In consideration of the Likert score, all artificial intelligence chatbots received favorable ratings.

CONCLUSIONS

While patients increasingly utilize artificial intelligence chatbots to acquire information about contrast-associated acute kidney injury, the readability and understandability of the information provided may be low.

Can Patients With Urogenital Cancer Rely on Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Treatment Decisions?

OBJECTIVES

In the era of artificial intelligence, almost half of the patients use the internet to get information about their diseases. Our study aims to demonstrate the reliability of the information provided by artificial intelligence chatbots (AICs) about urogenital cancer treatments.

METHODS

The most frequently searched keyword about prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancer treatment via Google Trends was asked to 3 different AICs (ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot). The answers were evaluated by 5 different examiners in terms of readability, understandability, actionability, reliability, and transparency.

RESULTS

The DISCERN score evaluation indicates that ChatGPT and Gemini provided moderate quality information, while Copilot's quality was low. (Total DISCERN scores; 41, 42, 35, respectively). PEMAT-P Understandability scores were low (40%) and PEMAT-P Actionability scores were moderate only for Gemini (60%) and low for the others (40%). Their readability according to the Coleman-Liau index was above the college level (16.9, 17.2, 16, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In the era of artificial intelligence, patients will inevitably use AICs due to their easy and fast accessibility. However, patients need to recognize that AICs do not provide stage-specific treatment options, but only moderate-quality, low-reliability information about the disease, as well as information that is very difficult to read.

Beyond the Scalpel: Assessing ChatGPT's potential as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant in oral surgery

AI has revolutionized the way we interact with technology. Noteworthy advances in AI algorithms and large language models (LLM) have led to the development of natural generative language (NGL) systems such as ChatGPT. Although these LLM can simulate human conversations and generate content in real time, they face challenges related to the topicality and accuracy of the information they generate. This study aimed to assess whether ChatGPT-4 could provide accurate and reliable answers to general dentists in the field of oral surgery, and thus explore its potential as an intelligent virtual assistant in clinical decision making in oral surgery. Thirty questions related to oral surgery were posed to ChatGPT4, each question repeated 30 times. Subsequently, a total of 900 responses were obtained. Two surgeons graded the answers according to the guidelines of the Spanish Society of Oral Surgery, using a three-point Likert scale (correct, partially correct/incomplete, and incorrect). Disagreements were arbitrated by an experienced oral surgeon, who provided the final grade Accuracy was found to be 71.7%, and consistency of the experts' grading across iterations, ranged from moderate to almost perfect. ChatGPT-4, with its potential capabilities, will inevitably be integrated into dental disciplines, including oral surgery. In the future, it could be considered as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant, though it would never replace oral surgery experts. Proper training and verified information by experts will remain vital to the implementation of the technology. More comprehensive research is needed to ensure the safe and successful application of AI in oral surgery.

The Frontiers of Smart Healthcare Systems

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize numerous aspects of human life, with healthcare among the most critical fields set to benefit from this transformation. Medicine remains one of the most challenging, expensive, and impactful sectors, with challenges such as information retrieval, data organization, diagnostic accuracy, and cost reduction. AI is uniquely suited to address these challenges, ultimately improving the quality of life and reducing healthcare costs for patients worldwide. Despite its potential, the adoption of AI in healthcare has been slower compared to other industries, highlighting the need to understand the specific obstacles hindering its progress. This review identifies the current shortcomings of AI in healthcare and explores its possibilities, realities, and frontiers to provide a roadmap for future advancements.

Social media and urology: The good, the bad and the ugly

Social media (SoMe) is now a core part of modern-day life with increased use among both patients and urologists. The interplay of SoMe between these two parties is complex. From a patient perspective, SoMe platforms can serve as educational tools as well as communication portals to support networks and patient communities. However, studies report the educational value of content online is often poor and may contain misinformation. For urologists, SoMe can lead to research collaborations, networking and educational content but areas of concern include the potential negative impact SoMe can have on mental health and sharing of patient images without appropriate consent. This review serves to provide an overview of the interaction between SoMe and urology practice and provide practical guidance to navigating it.

Implications of using conversational robots (chatbots) in uro-oncology A patient and physician perspective

Chatbots, or conversational robots, have become a strategy or support tool for urologic patient care, diagnostic communication, and treatment. With regard to patients, studies have shown that chatbots can answer medical questions with similar percentages of acceptability as urologists. In addition, they can contribute to patient education, allowing them to ask questions that do not arise during medical consultation. They have also proven to be good tools for health promotion and disease prevention. These benefits can also serve doctors, as robots can support medical consultation and the reading of medical records, making patient care more efficient; however, there are several limitations, including the accuracy of bot-generated answers and the acceptability that urologists give to this type of tool.

ChatGPT and generative AI in urology and surgery-A narrative review

Introduction

ChatGPT (generative pre-trained transformer [GPT]), developed by OpenAI, is a type of generative artificial intelligence (AI) that has been widely utilised since its public release. It orchestrates an advanced conversational intelligence, producing sophisticated responses to questions. ChatGPT has been successfully demonstrated across several applications in healthcare, including patient management, academic research and clinical trials. We aim to evaluate the different ways ChatGPT has been utilised in urology and more broadly in surgery.

Methods

We conducted a literature search of the PubMed and Embase electronic databases for the purpose of writing a narrative review and identified relevant articles on ChatGPT in surgery from the years 2000 to 2023. A PRISMA flow chart was created to highlight the article selection process. The search terms 'ChatGPT' and 'surgery' were intentionally kept broad given the nascency of the field. Studies unrelated to these terms were excluded. Duplicates were removed.

Results

Multiple papers have been published about novel uses of ChatGPT in surgery, ranging from assisting in administrative tasks including answering frequently asked questions, surgical consent, writing operation reports, discharge summaries, grants, journal article drafts, reviewing journal articles and medical education. AI and machine learning has also been extensively researched in surgery with respect to patient diagnosis and predicting outcomes. There are also several limitations with the software including artificial hallucination, bias, out-of-date information and patient confidentiality.

Conclusion

The potential of ChatGPT and related generative AI models are vast, heralding the beginning of a new era where AI may eventually become integrated seamlessly into surgical practice. Concerns with this new technology must not be disregarded in the urge to hasten progression, and potential risks impacting patients' interests must be considered. Appropriate regulation and governance of this technology will be key to optimising the benefits and addressing the intricate challenges of healthcare delivery and equity.

Patient experiences and perceptions of kidney stone surgery: what lessons can be learned from TikTok?

Introduction

The aim of this study was to perform an evaluation of patient experiences and perceptions regarding kidney stone surgery on the social media platform TikTok. An increasing number of the public use social media (SoMe) as a platform to share their views regarding their experiences related to surgical treatment.

Methods

Using the hashtag #kidneystonesurgery, the 100 most recent video posts as of 01.01.2024 on TikTok were included. As well as demographic data such as gender and location, thematic content was also collected. To achieve this, a previously published framework was used and adapted for application in the setting of kidney stone surgery. This was piloted on 20 sample videos to assess its feasibility before revision and establishment of the final framework. This included the following key areas: Pain, Complications, Anxiety, Recovery, Return to work, Finances, Treatment delays, Diet and Prevention and stent complaints.

Results

The majority of posts (95%) were from North America, 80% by females and the mean number of video views was 92,826 (range: 261-2,000,000). 76% of the videos discussed ureteroscopy (URS). 49% were filmed at the hospital, which was named in 9% of the videos. Top three topics discussed were: Recovery (65%), pain (62%) and stents (55%). This was followed by anxiety (39%) and complications (24%). 12% of these videos uploaded by lay people included basic medical information that was wholly incorrect. More than half of the posts (51%) were negative in tone. Treatment delays (5%) and a lack of sufficient preoperative information (4%) were also raised, that appeared to contribute to the negative reports. However, the main cause for negative tone owed to the 80% of the patients (n = 44) who discussed stents that focused their video on the pain suffered from the post operative stent.

Conclusion

There is a high level of usership and engagement on TikTok on the subject of kidney stone surgery. The proportion of negative videos is high and much of this is related to the bothersome stent symptoms and complications. This could easily lead to misperceptions among potential patients about the true burden of such adverse events.

The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Social Media in Shaping the New Digital Health Frontier: Powers and Perils

Use of artificial intelligence (AI) in social media (SoMe) in health care is increasing. Benefits include personalisation of SoMe content for individual patients and identification of trends to prompt timely generation of relevant content. Data security, ethical considerations, medical accuracy, patient engagement, and regulatory compliance are issues to address for this evolving AI use.