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Li S, Zhang H, Bao Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Liu M, Yan R, Wang Z, Wu X, Jin Y. Immunoantitumor Activity and Oxygenation Effect Based on Iron-Copper-Doped Folic Acid Carbon Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16653-16668. [PMID: 38520338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and recurrence are closely associated with immunosuppression and a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermodynamic therapy (PTT) have been shown to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), effectively inhibiting cancer metastasis and recurrence when combined with immune adjuvants. However, the limited efficacy of Fenton's reaction and suboptimal photothermal effect present significant challenges for successfully inducing ICD through CDT and PTT. This paper described the synthesis and immunoantitumor activity of the novel iron-copper-doped folic acid carbon dots (CFCFB). Copper-doped folic acid carbon dots (Cu-FACDs) were initially synthesized via a hydrothermal method, using folic acid and copper gluconate as precursors. Subsequently, the nanoparticles CFCFB were obtained through cross-linking and self-assembly of Cu-FACDs with ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FeDA) and 3-bromopyruvic acid (3BP). The catalytic effect of carbon dots in CFCFB enhanced the activity of the Fenton reaction, thereby promoting CDT-induced ICD and increasing the intracellular oxygen concentration. Additionally, 3BP inhibited cellular respiration, further amplifying the oxygen concentration. The photothermal conversion efficiency of CFCFB reached 55.8%, which significantly enhanced its antitumor efficacy through photothermal therapy. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that treatment with CFCFB led to an increased expression of ICD markers, including calreticulin (CRT) and ATP, as well as extracellular release of HMGB-1, indicating the induction of ICD by CFCFB. Moreover, the observed downregulation of ARG1 expression indicates a transition in the tumor microenvironment from an immunosuppressive state to an antitumor state following treatment with CFCFB. The upregulation of IL-2 and CD8 expression facilitated the differentiation of effector T cells, resulting in an augmented population of CD8+ T cells, thereby indicating the activation of systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yujun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Huanli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingxue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
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Choi H, Baek IC, Park SA, Park JS, Jeun SS, Kim TG, Ahn S. Polymorphisms of Killer Ig-like Receptors and the Risk of Glioblastoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4780. [PMID: 37510895 PMCID: PMC10380963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune responses of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells vary by patient. Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which are some of the major receptors involved in regulating NK cell activity for killing cancer cells, have significant genetic variation. Numerous studies have suggested a potential association between the genetic variation of KIR genes and the risk of development or prognosis of various cancer types. However, an association between genetic variations of KIR genes and glioblastoma (GB) remains uncertain. We sought to evaluate the association of genetic variations of KIRs and their ligand genes with the risk of GB development in Koreans. METHODS A case-control study was performed to identify the odds ratios (ORs) of KIR genes and Classes A, B, and, C of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) for GB. The GB group was comprised of 77 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype GB at our institution, and the control group consisted of 200 healthy Korean volunteers. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the frequency of KIR genes and KIR haplotypes between the GB and control groups. Genetic variations of KIR-2DL1, 3DL1, and 3DS1 with their ligand genes (HLA-C2, HLA-Bw4/6, and Bw4, respectively) had effects on the risk of GB in Korean patients. The frequency of KIR-2DL1 with HLA-C2 (OR 2.05, CI 1.19-3.52, p = 0.009), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 without HLA-Bw4 (80I) (OR 8.36, CI 4.06-17.18, p < 0.001), and the frequency of KIR-3DL1 with Bw6 (OR 4.54, CI 2.55-8.09, p < 0.001) in the GB group were higher than in the control group. In addition, the frequency of KIR-2DL1 without HLA-C2 (OR 0.44, CI 0.26-0.75, p = 0.003), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 with HLA-Bw4 (80T) (OR 0.13, CI 0.06-0.27, p < 0.001), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 without Bw6 (OR 0.27, CI 0.15-0.49, p < 0.001), and the frequency of KIR-3DS1 with Bw4 (80I) (OR 0.03, CI 0.00-0.50, p < 0.001) in the GB group were lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that genetic variations of KIRs and their ligand genes may affect GB development in the Korean population. Further investigations are needed to demonstrate the different immune responses for GB cells according to genetic variations of KIR genes and their ligand genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoun Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hwang S, Lim J, Kang H, Jeong JY, Joung JG, Heo J, Jung D, Cho K, An HJ. Predictive biomarkers for the responsiveness of recurrent glioblastomas to activated killer cell immunotherapy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 36694264 PMCID: PMC9875464 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary malignant brain tumor that is resistant to existing treatments. Recently, we reported that activated autologous natural killer (NK) cell therapeutics induced a marked increase in survival of some patients with recurrent GBM. METHODS To identify biomarkers that predict responsiveness to NK cell therapeutics, we examined immune profiles in tumor tissues using NanoString nCounter analysis and compared the profiles between 5 responders and 7 non-responders. Through a three-step data analysis, we identified three candidate biomarkers (TNFRSF18, TNFSF4, and IL12RB2) and performed validation with qRT-PCR. We also performed immunohistochemistry and a NK cell migration assay to assess the function of these genes. RESULTS Responders had higher expression of many immune-signaling genes compared with non-responders, which suggests an immune-active tumor microenvironment in responders. The random forest model that identified TNFRSF18, TNFSF4, and IL12RB2 showed a 100% accuracy (95% CI 73.5-100%) for predicting the response to NK cell therapeutics. The expression levels of these three genes by qRT-PCR were highly correlated with the NanoString levels, with high Pearson's correlation coefficients (0.419 (TNFRSF18), 0.700 (TNFSF4), and 0.502 (IL12RB2)); their prediction performance also showed 100% accuracy (95% CI 73.54-100%) by logistic regression modeling. We also demonstrated that these genes were related to cytotoxic T cell infiltration and NK cell migration in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION We identified TNFRSF18, TNFSF4, and IL12RB2 as biomarkers that predict response to NK cell therapeutics in recurrent GBM, which might provide a new treatment strategy for this highly aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Hwang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea ,grid.452398.10000 0004 0570 1076CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaejoon Lim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea
| | - Haeyoun Kang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- grid.452398.10000 0004 0570 1076CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- grid.452398.10000 0004 0570 1076CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea ,grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jinhyung Heo
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea
| | - Daun Jung
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea
| | - Kyunggi Cho
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496 Korea ,grid.452398.10000 0004 0570 1076CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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Barish ME, Weng L, Awabdeh D, Zhai Y, Starr R, D'Apuzzo M, Rockne RC, Li H, Badie B, Forman SJ, Brown CE. Spatial organization of heterogeneous immunotherapy target antigen expression in high-grade glioma. Neoplasia 2022; 30:100801. [PMID: 35550513 PMCID: PMC9108993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-grade (WHO grades III-IV) glioma remains one of the most lethal human cancers. Adoptive transfer of tumor-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T cells for high-grade glioma has revealed promising indications of anti-tumor activity, but objective clinical responses remain elusive for most patients. A significant challenge to effective immunotherapy is the highly heterogeneous structure of these tumors, including large variations in the magnitudes and distributions of target antigen expression, observed both within individual tumors and between patients. To obtain a more detailed understanding of immunotherapy target antigens within patient tumors, we immunochemically mapped at single cell resolution three clinically-relevant targets, IL13Rα2, HER2 and EGFR, on tumor samples drawn from a 43-patient cohort. We observed that within individual tumor samples, expression of these antigens was neither random nor uniform, but rather that they mapped into local neighborhoods - phenotypically similar cells within regions of cellular tumor - reflecting not well understood properties of tumor cells and their milieu. Notably, tumor cell neighborhoods of high antigen expression were not arranged independently within regions. For example, in cellular tumor regions, neighborhoods of high IL13Rα2 and HER2 expression appeared to be reciprocal to those of EGFR, while in areas of pseudopalisading necrosis, expression of IL13Rα2 and HER2, but not EGFR, appeared to reflect the radial organization of tumor cells around hypoxic cores. Other structural features affecting expression of immunotherapy target antigens remain to be elucidated. This structured but heterogeneous organization of antigen expression in high grade glioma is highly permissive for antigen escape, and combinatorial antigen targeting is a commonly suggested potential mitigating strategy. Deeper understanding of antigen expression within and between patient tumors will enhance optimization of combination immunotherapies, the most immediate clinical application of the observations presented here being the importance of including (wild-type) EGFR as a target antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Barish
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
| | - Lihong Weng
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Dina Awabdeh
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Yubo Zhai
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Massimo D'Apuzzo
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Haiqing Li
- Integrative Genomics Core, Division of Translational Bioinformatics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Behnam Badie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
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5
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Ding XC, Wang LL, Zhang XD, Xu JL, Li PF, Liang H, Zhang XB, Xie L, Zhou ZH, Yang J, Weichselbaum RR, Yu JM, Hu M. The relationship between expression of PD-L1 and HIF-1α in glioma cells under hypoxia. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:92. [PMID: 34118979 PMCID: PMC8199387 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) up-regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in some extracranial malignancies. However, whether it could increase PD-L1 expression in intracranial tumor is still unknown. Here, we explored the relationship between HIF-1α and PD-L1 expression in glioma, and investigated their clinical significance. In glioma patients, HIF-1α and PD-L1 were overexpressed in high grade glioma tissues and were significantly associated with poor survival. In glioma cells, PD-L1 expression was induced under hypoxia condition, and the enhanced PD-L1 expression was abrogated by either HIF-1α knock-down or HIF-1α inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR analysis showed the direct binding of HIF-1α to PD-L1 proximal promoter region, providing evidence that HIF-1α up-regulates PD-L1 in glioma. In glioma murine model, the combination treatment with HIF-1α inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody caused a more pronounced suppressive effect on tumor growth compared to either monotherapy. Immunologically, the combination treatment improved both dendritic cell (DC) and CD8+ T cell activation. Overall, our results demonstrated that positive correlation between PD-L1 and HIF-1α in glioma, and provide an alternative strategy, inhibiting HIF-1α, as combination therapies with immunotherapies to advance glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xue-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng Hospital of China, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jun-Long Xu
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng Hospital of China, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, The 960Th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xian-Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Carson International Cancer Research Centre, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Han Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Jin-Ming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Man Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Przystal JM, Becker H, Canjuga D, Tsiami F, Anderle N, Keller AL, Pohl A, Ries CH, Schmittnaegel M, Korinetska N, Koch M, Schittenhelm J, Tatagiba M, Schmees C, Beck SC, Tabatabai G. Targeting CSF1R Alone or in Combination with PD1 in Experimental Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102400. [PMID: 34063518 PMCID: PMC8156558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Targeting the immunosuppressive glioblastoma-associated microenvironment is an interesting therapeutic approach. Tumor-associated macrophages represent an abundant population of tumor-infiltrating host cells with tumor-promoting features. The colony stimulating factor-1/ colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1/CSF1R) axis plays an important role for macrophage differentiation and survival. We thus aimed at investigating the antiglioma activity of CSF1R inhibition alone or in combination with blockade of programmed death (PD) 1. We investigated combination treatments of anti-CSF1R alone or in combination with anti-PD1 antibodies in an orthotopic syngeneic glioma mouse model, evaluated post-treatment effects and assessed treatment-induced cytotoxicity in a coculture model of patient-derived microtumors (PDM) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ex vivo. Anti-CSF1R monotherapy increased the latency until the onset of neurological symptoms. Combinations of anti-CSF1R and anti-PD1 antibodies led to longterm survivors in vivo. Furthermore, we observed treatment-induced cytotoxicity of combined anti-CSF1R and anti-PD1 treatment in the PDM/TILs cocultures ex vivo. Our results identify CSF1R as a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma, potentially in combination with PD1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Przystal
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
- German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Hannes Becker
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
- German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Denis Canjuga
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Foteini Tsiami
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
- German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Nicole Anderle
- NMI, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (N.A.); (A.-L.K.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Anna-Lena Keller
- NMI, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (N.A.); (A.-L.K.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Anja Pohl
- NMI, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (N.A.); (A.-L.K.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Carola H. Ries
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, 82377 Penzberg, Germany; (C.H.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Schmittnaegel
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, 82377 Penzberg, Germany; (C.H.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Nataliya Korinetska
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Marilin Koch
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (N.A.); (A.-L.K.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Susanne C. Beck
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
- German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.M.P.); (H.B.); (D.C.); (F.T.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.C.B.)
- German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)7071-298-5018; Fax: +49-(0)7071-292-5167
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El-Khayat SM, Arafat WO. Therapeutic strategies of recurrent glioblastoma and its molecular pathways 'Lock up the beast'. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1176. [PMID: 33680090 PMCID: PMC7929780 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis-despite aggressive primary treatment composed of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, median survival is still around 15 months. It starts to grow again after a year of treatment and eventually nothing is effective at this stage. Recurrent GBM is one of the most disappointing fields for researchers in which their efforts have gained no benefit for patients. They were directed for a long time towards understanding the molecular basis that leads to the development of GBM. It is now known that GBM is a heterogeneous disease and resistance comes mainly from the regrowth of malignant cells after eradicating specific clones by targeted treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor are known to be highly active in primary and recurrent GBM through different underlying pathways, despite this bevacizumab is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for recurrent GBM. Immunotherapy is another important promising modality of treatment of GBM, after proper understanding of the microenvironment of the tumour and overcoming the reasons that historically stigmatise GBM as an 'immunologically cold tumour'. Radiotherapy can augment the effect of immunotherapy by different mechanisms. Also, dual immunotherapy which targets immune pathways at different stages and through different receptors further enhances immune stimulation against GBM. Delivery of pro-drugs to be activated at the tumour site and suicidal genes by gene therapy using different vectors shows promising results. Despite using neurotropic viral vectors specifically targeting glial cells (which are the cells of origin of GBM), no significant improvement of overall-survival has been seen as yet. Non-viral vectors 'polymeric and non-polymeric' show significant tumour shrinkage in pre-clinical trials and now at early-stage clinical trials. To this end, in this review, we aim to study the possible role of different molecular pathways that are involved in GBM's recurrence, we will also review the most relevant and recent clinical experience with targeted treatments and immunotherapies. We will discuss trials utilised tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy and gene therapy in recurrent GBM pointing to the causes of potential disappointing preliminary results of some of them. Additionally, we are suggesting a possible future treatment based on recent successful clinical data that could alter the outcome for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M El-Khayat
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Waleed O Arafat
- Alexandria Clinical Oncology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
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8
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Zhang N, Wei L, Ye M, Kang C, You H. Treatment Progress of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592612. [PMID: 33329578 PMCID: PMC7734213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant and aggressive primary brain tumor mostly prevalent in adults and is associated with a very poor prognosis. Moreover, only a few effective treatment regimens are available due to their rapid invasion of the brain parenchyma and resistance to conventional therapy. However, the fast development of cancer immunotherapy and the remarkable survival benefit from immunotherapy in several extracranial tumor types have recently paved the way for numerous interventional studies involving GBM patients. The recent success of checkpoint blockade therapy, targeting immunoinhibitory proteins such as programmed cell death protein-1 and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, has initiated a paradigm shift in clinical and preclinical investigations, and the use of immunotherapy for solid tumors, which would be a potential breakthrough in the field of drug therapy for the GBM treatment. However clinical trial showed limited benefits for GBM patients. The main reason is drug resistance. This review summarizes the clinical research progress of immune checkpoint molecules and inhibitors, introduces the current research status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the field of GBM, analyzes the molecular resistance mechanism of checkpoint blockade therapy, proposes corresponding re-sensitive strategies, and describes a reference for the design and development of subsequent clinical studies on immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Medical Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboartory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua You
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Pi Castro D, José-López R, Fernández Flores F, Rabanal Prados RM, Mandara MT, Arús C, Pumarola Batlle M. Expression of FOXP3 in Canine Gliomas: Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory Lymphocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:184-193. [PMID: 31846038 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop gliomas with similar histopathological features to human gliomas and share with them the limited success of current therapeutic regimens such as surgery and radiation. The tumor microenvironment in gliomas is influenced by immune cell infiltrates. The present study aims to immunohistochemically characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population of naturally occurring canine gliomas, focusing on the expression of Forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Forty-three canine gliomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of CD3+, FOXP3+, and CD20+ TILs. In low-grade gliomas, CD3+ TILs were found exclusively within the tumor tissue. In high-grade gliomas, they were present in significantly higher numbers throughout the tumor and in the brain-tumor junction. CD20+ TILs were rarely found in comparison to CD3+ TILs. FOXP3+ TILs shared a similar distribution with CD3+ TILs. The accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs within the tumor was more pronounced in astrocytic gliomas than in tumors of oligodendroglial lineage and the difference in expression was significant when comparing low-grade oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. Only high-grade astrocytomas presented FOXP3+ cells with tumoral morphology. In spontaneous canine gliomas, TILs display similar characteristics (density and distribution) as described for human gliomas, supporting the use of the dog as an animal model for translational immunotherapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Pi Castro
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco Fernández Flores
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosa M Rabanal Prados
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Arús
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola Batlle
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and the available treatment options are limited. This article reviews the recent preclinical and clinical investigations that seek to expand the repertoire of effective medical and radiotherapy options for GBM. RECENT FINDINGS Recent phase III trials evaluating checkpoint inhibition did not result in significant survival benefit. Select vaccine strategies have yielded promising results in early phase clinical studies and warrant further validation. Various targeted therapies are being explored but have yet to see breakthrough results. In addition, novel radiotherapy approaches are in development to maximize safe dose delivery. A multitude of preclinical and clinical studies in GBM explore promising immunotherapies, targeted agents, and novel radiation modalities. Recent phase III trial failures have once more highlighted the profound tumor heterogeneity and diverse resistance mechanisms of glioblastoma. This calls for the development of biomarker-driven and personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa K Liu
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, 240 E. 38th Street, 19th floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvia C Kurz
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, 240 E. 38th Street, 19th floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA. .,Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Shu C, Li Q. Current advances in PD-1/PD-L1 axis-related tumour-infiltrating immune cells and therapeutic regimens in glioblastoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 151:102965. [PMID: 32442903 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour in the brain, and current treatments are not curative and cannot control recurrence. This limitation indirectly places immunotherapy at the focus of translational GBM research. Many studies on the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in GBM are ongoing, and the immunosuppressive mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 in GBM is different from that in other solid tumours. This review focuses on the effect of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis on infiltrating immune cells in the suppressive GBM immune microenvironment and summarizes the recent progress in PD-1/PD-L1 axis-related therapies reported in preclinical and clinical GBM studies, providing a reference for the systematic study of PD-1/PD-L1 axis-related anti-GBM immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Tianjin Cerebral Vascular and Neural Degenerative Disease Key Laboratory, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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12
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You H, Baluszek S, Kaminska B. Supportive roles of brain macrophages in CNS metastases and assessment of new approaches targeting their functions. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2949-2964. [PMID: 32194848 PMCID: PMC7053204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases to the central nervous system (CNS) occur frequently in adults and their frequency increases with the prolonged survival of cancer patients. Patients with CNS metastases have short survival, and modern therapeutics, while effective for extra-cranial cancers, do not reduce metastatic burden. Tumor cells attract and reprogram stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages that support cancer growth by promoting tissue remodeling, invasion, immunosuppression and metastasis. Specific roles of brain resident and infiltrating macrophages in creating a pre-metastatic niche for CNS invading cancer cells are less known. There are populations of CNS resident innate immune cells such as: parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal, CNS border-associated macrophages that colonize CNS in early development and sustain its homeostasis. In this study we summarize available data on potential roles of different brain macrophages in most common brain metastases. We hypothesize that metastatic cancer cells exploit CNS macrophages and their cytoprotective mechanisms to create a pre-metastatic niche and facilitate metastatic growth. We assess current pharmacological strategies to manipulate functions of brain macrophages and hypothesize on their potential use in a therapy of CNS metastases. We conclude that the current data strongly support a notion that microglia, as well as non-parenchymal macrophages and peripheral infiltrating macrophages, are involved in multiple stages of CNS metastases. Understanding their contribution will lead to development of new therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Nikolaou M, Nikolaou G, Digklia A, Pontas C, Tsoukalas N, Kyrgias G, Tolia M. Immunotherapy of Cancer: Developments and Reference Points, an Unorthodox Approach. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419827090. [PMID: 30791740 PMCID: PMC7242802 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419827090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncology is currently a sector of medical science with accelerated progress due to rapid technological development, the advancement in molecular biology, and the invention of many innovative therapies. Immunotherapy partially accounts for this advance, since it is increasingly playing an important role in the treatment of cancer patients, bringing on a sense of hope and optimism through a series of clinical studies and cases with spectacular results. Immunotherapy, after the initial successes it experienced in the early 20th century, was forgotten after chemotherapy and radiotherapy prevailed and developed slowly in the background. Today, it is the new hope for cancer treatment, despite the unorthodox path it has followed. In this article, we study the course and key points of the discovery of immune-oncology from the oncologist's point of view. We also record the questions that have been posed about immunotherapy that sometimes lead to confusion or stalemate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Nikolaou
- Hippokration University Hospital of
Athens, Athens, Greece
- Michail Nikolaou, Oncology Clinic, Internal
Medicine Department, Hippokration University Hospital of Athens, V. Sofias 114,
115 27 Athens, Greece.
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14
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Hermida MA, Kumar JD, Schwarz D, Laverty KG, Di Bartolo A, Ardron M, Bogomolnijs M, Clavreul A, Brennan PM, Wiegand UK, Melchels FP, Shu W, Leslie NR. Three dimensional in vitro models of cancer: Bioprinting multilineage glioblastoma models. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100658. [PMID: 31727590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting of multiple cell types within optimised extracellular matrices has the potential to more closely model the 3D environment of human physiology and disease than current alternatives. In this study, we used a multi-nozzle extrusion bioprinter to establish models of glioblastoma made up of cancer and stromal cells printed within matrices comprised of alginate modified with RGDS cell adhesion peptides, hyaluronic acid and collagen-1. Methods were developed using U87MG glioblastoma cells and MM6 monocyte/macrophages, whilst more disease relevant constructs contained glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), co-printed with glioma associated stromal cells (GASCs) and microglia. Printing parameters were optimised to promote cell-cell interaction, avoiding the 'caging in' of cells due to overly dense cross-linking. Such printing had a negligible effect on cell viability, and cells retained robust metabolic activity and proliferation. Alginate gels allowed the rapid recovery of printed cell protein and RNA, and fluorescent reporters provided analysis of protein kinase activation at the single cell level within printed constructs. GSCs showed more resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in 3D printed tumour constructs compared to 2D monolayer cultures, reflecting the clinical situation. In summary, a novel 3D bioprinting strategy is developed which allows control over the spatial organisation of tumour constructs for pre-clinical drug sensitivity testing and studies of the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Hermida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jothi Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniela Schwarz
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith G Laverty
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alberto Di Bartolo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcus Ardron
- Renishaw PLC, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, France
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ulrich K Wiegand
- Queens' Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ferry Pw Melchels
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Will Shu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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16
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Mehrian-Shai R, Reichardt JKV, Harris CC, Toren A. The Gut-Brain Axis, Paving the Way to Brain Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:200-207. [PMID: 30961828 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis formed by blood and lymphatic vessels paves the way for microbiota to impact the brain. Bacterial populations in the gut are a good candidate for a nongenetic factor contributing substantively to brain tumor development and to the success of therapy. Specifically, suppression of the immune system and induction of inflammation by microbiota sustain proliferative signaling, limit cell death, and induce angiogenesis as well as invasiveness. In addition, altered microbial metabolites and their levels could stimulate cell proliferation. We propose here a novel gear model connecting these complex interdisciplinary fields. Our model may impact mechanistic studies of brain cancer and better treatment outcomes through precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Chen M, Sun R, Shi B, Wang Y, Di S, Luo H, Sun Y, Li Z, Zhou M, Jiang H. Antitumor efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells against EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma in C57BL/6 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108734. [PMID: 30849636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown remarkable success in hematological tumors. However, many challenges remain in improving the efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumors. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is only expressed in tumors but barely found in normal tissues, making it a good target for CAR T therapy. It is reported that 31-64% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are EGFRvIII positive. Here we report the robust antitumor activities of CAR T cells targeting EGFRvIII-expressing mouse GBM cells. In vitro and in vivo, 806-28Z CAR T cells were able to lyse GL261/EGFRvIII cellsin a dose-dependent manner. A low dose of 806-28Z CAR T cells suppressed GL261/EGFRvIII tumor growth, whereas a high dose of 806-28Z CAR T cells completely eradicated xenograft tumors. Higher concentrations of granzyme B in mice plasma were correlated with increased CAR T cells infusion. Enhanced CD8+ T cells infiltration within the tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry in sections from the mice treated by CAR T cells. The 806-28Z CAR T cells can also inhibit the growth of antigenic heterogeneous GBM tumors. More importantly, additional rechallenge experiments indicated that GL261/EGFRvIII cells or parental GL261 cells could not grow in the cured mice. Therefore, the cell dose is a crucial determinant for CAR T efficacy against EGFRvIII-expressing GBM and granzyme B release is a predictive marker for the antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengmeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yansha Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Jahan N, Talat H, Alonso A, Saha D, Curry WT. Triple combination immunotherapy with GVAX, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and agonist anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody is highly effective against murine intracranial glioma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1577108. [PMID: 31069135 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1577108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-agent immunotherapy, including with immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibody, has not extended survival in patients with malignant glioma. However, PD-1 inhibition may still play a role in combination immunotherapy with multiple agents. In this study, we evaluated anti-PD-1 antibody treatment in combination with multiple approaches, including vaccination and agonist anti-OX40 immunotherapy, as well as triple combination immunotherapy with each of the above agents in a murine glioma model. Treatments were delivered on days 3,6, and 9 after intracranial implantation of glioma cells in the right frontal lobes of the mice. Vaccination consisted of subcutaneous implantation of irradiated GL261 cells engineered to express GM-CSF. We harvested splenocytes and brain tissue 18 days after glioma implantation and analyzed them by ELISPOT and flow cytometry, respectively. Treated mice surviving for 120 days were challenged with implantation of large numbers of GL261 cells and either followed for survival or sacrificed for study of the memory response. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Means were compared by the 2-tailed student's t-test. We report that combining anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with either vaccination or agonist anti-OX40 immunotherapy improves survival in GL261-bearing mice compared with any of the above as monotherapy. Triple combination immunotherapy with vaccination, anti-PD-1 antibody, and agonist anti-OX40 antibody results in long-term survival in all mice. Triple combination immunotherapy resulted in an elevated CD4+/CD8 + T lymphocyte ratio amongst tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as a diminished fraction of regulatory T lymphocytes, likely reflective of a more vigorous Th1 antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan
- Translational Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hammad Talat
- Translational Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Alonso
- Deparment of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - William T Curry
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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