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Saharan BS, Dhanda D, Mandal NK, Kumar R, Sharma D, Sadh PK, Jabborova D, Duhan JS. Microbial contributions to sustainable paddy straw utilization for economic gain and environmental conservation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 7:100264. [PMID: 39205828 PMCID: PMC11350505 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Paddy straw is a versatile and valuable resource with multifaceted benefits for nutrient cycling, soil health, and climate mitigation. Its role as a rich nutrient source and organic matter significantly enhances soil vitality while improving soil structure and moisture retention. The impact of paddy straw extends beyond traditional agricultural benefits, encompassing the promotion of microbial activity, erosion control, and carbon sequestration, highlighting its crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Furthermore, the potential of paddy straw in bioenergy is explored, encompassing its conversion into biogas, biofuels, and thermal energy. The inherent characteristics of paddy straw, including its high cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content, position it as a viable candidate for bioenergy production through innovative processes like pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and combustion. Recent research has uncovered state-of-the-art techniques and innovative technologies capable of converting paddy straw into valuable products, including sugar, ethanol, paper, and fiber, broadening its potential applications. This paper aims to underscore the possibilities for value creation through paddy straw, emphasizing its potential use in bioenergy, bio-products, and other environmental applications. Therefore, by recognizing and harnessing the value of paddy straw, we can advocate for sustainable farming practices, reduce waste, and pave the way for a resource-efficient circular economy. Incorporating paddy straw utilization into agricultural systems can pave the way for enhanced resource efficiency and a more sustainable circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljeet Singh Saharan
- Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Environmental Science), Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Deepika Dhanda
- Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Environmental Science), Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Neelam Kumari Mandal
- Department of Botany, Government P.G. College, Panchkula, Haryana, 134112, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Agriculture Extension, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ambala, 133104, India
| | - Deepansh Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, India
| | - Dilfuza Jabborova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Kibray 111208, Uzbekistan
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, India
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Xu P, Shu L, Yang Y, Kumar S, Tripathi P, Mishra S, Qiu C, Li Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. Microbial agents obtained from tomato straw composting effectively promote tomato straw compost maturation and improve compost quality. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115884. [PMID: 38154152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate management of agricultural organic waste (AOW) presents a significant obstacle in the endeavor to attain sustainable agricultural development. The proper management of AOW is a necessity for sustainable agricultural development. This can be done skillfully by incorporating microbial agents in the composting procedure. In this study, we isolated relevant bacteria strains from tomato straw AOW, which demonstrated efficient degradation of lignocellulose without any antagonistic effects in them. These strains were then combined to create a composite microbial agent called Zyco Shield (ZS). The performance of ZS was compared with a commercially effective microorganism (EM) and a control CK. The results indicate that the ZS treatment significantly prolonged the elevated temperature phase of the tomato straw pile, showing considerable degradation of lignocellulosic material. This substantial degradation did not happen in the EM and CK treatments. Moreover, there was a temperature rise of 4-6 ℃ in 2 days of thermophilic phase, which was not the case in the EM and CK treatments. Furthermore, the inoculation of ZS substantially enhanced the degradation of organic waste derived from tomato straw. This method increased the nutrient content of the resulting compost and elevated the enzymatic activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, while reducing the urease enzyme activity within the pile. The concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N showed increases of (2.13% and 47.51%), (14.81% and 32.17%) respectively, which is again very different from the results of the EM and CK treatments. To some extent, the alterations observed in the microbial community and the abundance of functional microorganisms provide indirect evidence supporting the fact that the addition of ZS microbial agent facilitates the composting process of tomato straw. Moreover, we confirmed the degradation process of tomato straw through X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy to analyze the role of ZS microbial inoculum composting. Consequently, reinoculation compost strains improves agricultural waste composting efficiency and enhances product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luolin Shu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sita Mishra
- Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Chun Qiu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- School of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenchao Yang
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Xu P, Shu L, Li Y, Zhou S, Zhang G, Wu Y, Yang Z. Pretreatment and composting technology of agricultural organic waste for sustainable agricultural development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16311. [PMID: 37305492 PMCID: PMC10256924 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of agriculture, Agricultural organic waste (AOW) has become the most abundant renewable energy on earth, and it is a hot spot of research in recent years to realize the recycling of AOW to achieve sustainable development of agricultural production. However, lignocellulose, which is difficult to degrade in AOW, greenhouse gas emissions, and pile pathogenic fungi and insect eggs are the biggest obstacles to its return to land use. In response to the above problems researchers promote organic waste recycling by pretreating AOW, controlling composting conditions and adding other substances to achieve green return of AOW to the field and promote the development of agricultural production. This review summarizes the ways of organic waste treatment, factors affecting composting and problems in composting by researchers in recent years, with a view to providing research ideas for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Luolin Shu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Guanzhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Zhenchao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
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Benito-Vaquerizo S, Nouse N, Schaap PJ, Hugenholtz J, Brul S, López-Contreras AM, Martins dos Santos VAP, Suarez-Diez M. Model-driven approach for the production of butyrate from CO 2/H 2 by a novel co-culture of C. autoethanogenum and C. beijerinckii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1064013. [PMID: 36620068 PMCID: PMC9815533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1064013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One-carbon (C1) compounds are promising feedstocks for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals. CO2 is a particularly advantageous C1-feedstock since it is an unwanted industrial off-gas that can be converted into valuable products while reducing its atmospheric levels. Acetogens are microorganisms that can grow on CO2/H2 gas mixtures and syngas converting these substrates into ethanol and acetate. Co-cultivation of acetogens with other microbial species that can further process such products, can expand the variety of products to, for example, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and longer chain alcohols. Solventogens are microorganisms known to produce MCFA and alcohols via the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation in which acetate is a key metabolite. Thus, co-cultivation of an acetogen and a solventogen in a consortium provides a potential platform to produce valuable chemicals from CO2. In this study, metabolic modeling was implemented to design a new co-culture of an acetogen and a solventogen to produce butyrate from CO2/H2 mixtures. The model-driven approach suggested the ability of the studied solventogenic species to grow on lactate/glycerol with acetate as co-substrate. This ability was confirmed experimentally by cultivation of Clostridium beijerinckii on these substrates in batch serum bottles and subsequently in pH-controlled bioreactors. Community modeling also suggested that a novel microbial consortium consisting of the acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum, and the solventogen C. beijerinckii would be feasible and stable. On the basis of this prediction, a co-culture was experimentally established. C. autoethanogenum grew on CO2/H2 producing acetate and traces of ethanol. Acetate was in turn, consumed by C. beijerinckii together with lactate, producing butyrate. These results show that community modeling of metabolism is a valuable tool to guide the design of microbial consortia for the tailored production of chemicals from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benito-Vaquerizo
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Niels Nouse
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,UNLOCK Large Scale Infrastructure for Microbial Communities, Wageningen University and Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hugenholtz
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana M. López-Contreras
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Maria Suarez-Diez ✉
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Pal DB, Tiwari AK, Mohammad A, Prasad N, Srivastava N, Srivastava KR, Singh R, Yoon T, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Gupta VK. Enhanced biogas production potential analysis of rice straw: Biomass characterization, kinetics and anaerobic co-digestion investigations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127391. [PMID: 35636675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Present study of the biofuel potential of rice straw (RS) waste biomass materials. The average activation energy of rice straw was determined from KAS, FWO and Starink are 84.11, 89.62 and 84.52 kJ/mol, respectively. The characterized rice straw biomass has been tested for biogas potential under co-digestion mode of rice straw and cow dung in ratio 1/2. The maximum 339 ml/g Vs of biogas has been recorded in 35 days with CH4 concentration of 58.3%. The rest being CO2 as well as H2S has been found in trace amounts with observed 85% total solids and 74% volatile solids, present in rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Nirupama Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri, Dhanbad 828123, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K R Srivastava
- Indian Biogas Association 216, Spaze i-Tech Park, Sector 49, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Taeho Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Kraiwattanawong K. A review on the development of a porous carbon-based as modeling materials for electric double layer capacitors. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091383. [PMID: 33922794 PMCID: PMC8123011 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for potential methods for their utilization. In the presented work, we investigated the recycling potential of wastes originated from the agricultural films recycling line. Their structure and properties were analyzed, and they were modified with 2.5 wt % of commercially available compatibilizers. The mechanical and thermal performance of modified wastes were evaluated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that incorporation of such a small amount of modifiers may overcome the drawbacks caused by the presence of impurities. The incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted compounds enhanced the tensile strength of wastes by 13–25%. The use of more ductile compatibilizers—ethylene-vinyl acetate and paraffin increased the elongation at break by 55–64%. The presence of compatibilizers also reduced the stiffness of materials resulting from the presence of solid particles. It was particularly emphasized for styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, which caused up to a 20% drop of Young’s modulus. Such effects may facilitate the further applications of analyzed wastes, e.g., in polymer film production. Thermal performance was only slightly affected by compatibilization. It caused a slight reduction in polyethylene melting temperatures (up to 2.8 °C) and crystallinity degree (up to 16%). For more contaminated materials, the addition of compatibilizers caused a minor reduction in the decomposition onset (up to 6 °C). At the same time, for the waste after three washing cycles, thermal stability was improved. Moreover, depending on the desired properties and application, materials do not have to go through the whole recycling line, simplifying the process, reducing energy and water consumption. The presented results indicate that it is possible to efficiently use the materials, which do not have to undergo the whole recycling process. Despite the presence of impurities, they could be applied in the manufacturing of products which do not require exceptional mechanical performance.
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Nagle NJ, Donohoe BS, Wolfrum EJ, Kuhn EM, Haas TJ, Ray AE, Wendt LM, Delwiche ME, Weiss ND, Radtke C. Chemical and Structural Changes in Corn Stover After Ensiling: Influence on Bioconversion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:739. [PMID: 32923429 PMCID: PMC7457055 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of biofuels, bioproducts, and bioenergy requires a well-characterized, stable, and reasonably uniform biomass supply and well-established supply chains for shipping biomass from farm fields to biorefineries, while achieving year-round production targets. Preserving and stabilizing biomass feedstock during storage is a necessity for cost-effective and sustainable biofuel production. Ensiling is a common storage method used to preserve and even improve forage quality; however, the impact of ensiling on biomass physical and chemical properties that influence bioconversion processes has been variable. Our objective in this work was to determine the effects of ensiling on lignocellulosic feedstock physicochemical properties and how that influences bioconversion requirements. We observed statistically significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the content of two major structural carbohydrates (glucan and xylan) of 5 and 8%, respectively, between the ensiled and non-ensiled materials. We were unable to detect differences in sugar yields from structural carbohydrates after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the ensiled materials compared to non-ensiled controls. Based on this work, we conclude that ensiling the corn stover did not change the bioconversion requirements compared to the control samples and incurred losses of structural carbohydrates. At the light microscopy level, ensiled corn stover exhibited little structural change or relocation of cell wall components as detected by immunocytochemistry. However, more subtle structural changes were revealed by electron microscopy, as ensiled cell walls exhibit ultrastructural characteristics such as wall delimitation intermediate between non-ensiled and dilute-acid-pretreated cell walls. These findings suggest that alternative methods of conversion, such as deacetylation and mechanical refining, could take advantage of lamellar defects and may be more effective than dilute acid or hot water pretreatment for biomass conversion of ensiled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick J Nagle
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Bryon S Donohoe
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | | | - Erik M Kuhn
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J Haas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Allison E Ray
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, United States
| | - Lynn M Wendt
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, United States
| | | | - Noah D Weiss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wu P, Li L, Jiang J, Sun Y, Yuan Z, Feng X, Guo Y. Effects of fermentative and non-fermentative additives on silage quality and anaerobic digestion performance of Pennisetum purpureum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122425. [PMID: 31786034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of additives on the silage quality, microbial community, and anaerobic digestion performance of Pennisetum purpureum with high moisture content was studied. The sample treated with a mixed additive had best silage quality with the lowest pH and highest lactic acid/acetic acid ratio. Different additives influenced the dominant desirable bacteria. Correspondingly, Enterobacter was the dominant bacterial genus for sample with non-fermentative additives, whereas for the samples with fermentative or mixed additives, both Enterobacter and Lactobacillus had high relative abundance. The parameters of NH3-N, hemicellulose and lactic acid were positively correlated with the specific methane yield, while the lignin content was inversely correlated with the specific methane yield. The higher specific methane yield of 293.81 ± 0.15-334.69 ± 22.75 mL/g VS was obtained for samples treated with fermentative additive. Therefore, the mixed additive and fermentative additive are recommended for the silage of material with high-moisture content to improve the silage quality and methane yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lianhua Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xidan Feng
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Müller J, Hahn J. Ensilability of Biomass From Effloresced Flower Strips as Co-substrate in Bioenergy Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:14. [PMID: 32083070 PMCID: PMC7006225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower strips are grown to an increasing degree in order to enhance the ecological value of agricultural landscapes. Depending on their profitable life span and the crop sequence, the strips' biomass must be mulched after flowering to enable repeated tillage. A promising alternative is the use of the flower strips' biomass as a co-substrate for biomethanisation - thereby contributing to the climate-friendly generation of energy. This potential bioenergy substrate occurs only seasonally and is commonly produced only in limited quantities at a farm scale. To realize the additional benefit of flower strips as energy suppliers, stock piling of the strips' biomass is required. However, information about the ensilability of flower strip biomass is still rare. We conducted a 2-year study to analyze the ensilability of pure biomass from effloresced flower strips and mixtures of flower strip biomass with 33 and 67% whole crop maize, respectively. Ensiling took place in 3 l model silos at laboratory scale after chopping the substrate. Before ensiling several chemical characteristics of the biomass stock were determined to assess the substrate's biochemical ensilability potential (dry matter content, water-soluble carbohydrates, buffering capacity, nitrate content). The process-engineered ensiling success after 90 days was determined based on fermentation patterns. The ensilability potential of the pure flower strip substrates reached modest levels (fermentability coefficients according to Weißbach vary around the threshold of 45). Nevertheless, acceptable silage qualities were achieved under the laboratory conditions (pH ranging from 4.2 to 4.7). Compared to pure flower strip biomass, the addition of maize noticeably improved both the substrate's biochemical ensilability potential and the quality of real fermented silage. We conclude that a mixture of 33% biomass from flower strips with 67% whole crop maize can be regarded as a recommendable ratio if proper ensiling technology is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Müller
- Group Grassland and Forage Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Hahn
- Group Crop Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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12
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Li L, Liu C, Qu M, Zhang W, Pan K, OuYang K, Song X, Zhao X. Characteristics of a recombinant Lentinula edodes endoglucanase and its potential for application in silage of rape straw. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:49-56. [PMID: 31374269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics of recombinant endoglucanase and its effects on rape straw silage. The endoglucanase from Lentinula edodes (LeCel12A) was produced in Pichia pastoris and shown maximum activity at 40 °C and pH 3.0. The LeCel12A exhibited preferential hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose. The activity of LeCel12A could be enhanced by MnCl2 in dose-dependent manners. Trp22 was a key amino acid affecting LeCel12A activity. The LeCel12A enhanced the hydrolysis of rape straw, rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw. Supplemental LeCel12A increased lactic acid concentration and reduced lignocellulosic content of the rape straw silage. Though an increase in the saccharification efficiency of LeCel12A-treated rape straw silage was observed when the fibrolytic enzyme loading of hydrolysis system was enough, supplemental LeCel12A did not dramatically enhance the saccharification of rape straw silage in the current study. This study demonstrates that LeCel12A may be useful for improving the utilization of rape straw silage as an additive, but its supplemental dose, cost benefit, and consequent application possibility in biofuel production require careful consideration and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; College of Life science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Kehui OuYang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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Ostos-Garrido FJ, de Castro AI, Torres-Sánchez J, Pistón F, Peña JM. High-Throughput Phenotyping of Bioethanol Potential in Cereals Using UAV-Based Multi-Spectral Imagery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31396251 PMCID: PMC6664021 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol production obtained from cereal straw has aroused great interest in recent years, which has led to the development of breeding programs to improve the quality of lignocellulosic material in terms of the biomass and sugar content. This process requires the analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships, and although genotyping tools are very advanced, phenotypic tools are not usually capable of satisfying the massive evaluation that is required to identify potential characters for bioethanol production in field trials. However, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms have demonstrated their capacity for efficient and non-destructive acquisition of crop data with an application in high-throughput phenotyping. This work shows the first evaluation of UAV-based multi-spectral images for estimating bioethanol-related variables (total biomass dry weight, sugar release, and theoretical ethanol yield) of several accessions of wheat, barley, and triticale (234 cereal plots). The full procedure involved several stages: (1) the acquisition of multi-temporal UAV images by a six-band camera along different crop phenology stages (94, 104, 119, 130, 143, 161, and 175 days after sowing), (2) the generation of ortho-mosaicked images of the full field experiment, (3) the image analysis with an object-based (OBIA) algorithm and the calculation of vegetation indices (VIs), (4) the statistical analysis of spectral data and bioethanol-related variables to predict a UAV-based ranking of cereal accessions in terms of theoretical ethanol yield. The UAV-based system captured the high variability observed in the field trials over time. Three VIs created with visible wavebands and four VIs that incorporated the near-infrared (NIR) waveband were studied, obtaining that the NIR-based VIs were the best at estimating the crop biomass, while the visible-based VIs were suitable for estimating crop sugar release. The temporal factor was very helpful in achieving better estimations. The results that were obtained from single dates [i.e., temporal scenario 1 (TS-1)] were always less accurate for estimating the sugar release than those obtained in TS-2 (i.e., averaging the values of each VI obtained during plant anthesis) and less accurate for estimating the crop biomass and theoretical ethanol yield than those obtained in TS-3 (i.e., averaging the values of each VI obtained during full crop development). The highest correlation to theoretical ethanol yield was obtained with the normalized difference vegetation index (R 2 = 0.66), which allowed to rank the cereal accessions in terms of potential for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana I. de Castro
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge Torres-Sánchez
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Pistón
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M. Peña
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Peña,
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14
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Essien D, Richard TL. Ensiled Wet Storage Accelerates Pretreatment for Bioconversion of Corn Stover. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:195. [PMID: 30619843 PMCID: PMC6302026 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic acids produced during ensiled wet storage are beneficial during the storage process, both for biomass preservation, and to aid in mild in-situ pretreatment. However, there is concern these acids could later have negative impacts on downstream processes, especially microbial fermentation. Organic acids can inhibit microbial metabolism or growth, which in turn could affect biofuel productivity or yield. This study investigated the interaction of organic acids produced during ensiled storage with subsequent pretreatment of the resulting corn stover silage, as well as the potential for interference with downstream ethanol fermentation. Interaction with pretreatment was observed by measuring xylan and glucan removal and the formation of inhibitors. The results indicated that organic acids generally do not impede downstream processes and in fact can be beneficial. The levels of organic acids produced during 220 days of storage jar tests at 23°C or 37°C, and their transformation during pretreatment, remained below inhibitory levels. Concentrations of individual acids did not exceed 6 g per liter of the pretreated volume, and < 5% on a dry matter basis. Whereas, unensiled corn stover required 15 min of 190°C pretreatment to optimize sugar release, ensiled corn stover could be treated equally effectively at a lower pretreatment duration of 10 min. Furthermore, the different organic acid profiles that accumulate at various storage moisture levels (35-65%) do not differ significantly in their impact on downstream ethanol fermentation. These results indicate biorefineries using ensiled corn stover feedstock at 35-65% moisture levels can expect as good or better biofuel yields as with unensiled stover, while reducing pretreatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzidzor Essien
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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15
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Biomass recalcitrance in barley, wheat and triticale straw: Correlation of biomass quality with classic agronomical traits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205880. [PMID: 30403701 PMCID: PMC6221549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global production of cereal straw as an agricultural by-product presents a significant source of biomass, which could be used as feedstock for the production of second generation biofuels by fermentation. The production of sugars for fermentation is an important measure of straw quality and in its suitability for biofuel production. In this paper, we present a characterization of straw digestibility from a wide range of cereal. Our main objective is to evaluate the variability of fermentable sugars released from different species including wheat (Triticum durum L., Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). To this end, we adapted a saccharification method (IAS Method) capable of detecting significant differences of released sugars between cultivars and species, while using separately another method that would serve as a control and with which we could contrast our results (CNAP method). ANOVA analyses revealed that barley has a higher saccharification potential than wheat and triticale and shows more variation between genotypes. Thus, populations derived from crosses among them such as Steptoe × Morex and OWB Dominant × OWB Recessive hold potential for the identification of genetic basis for saccharification-related traits. The correlation of glucose released between the two methods was moderate (R2 = 0.57). An evaluation of the inter- and intra- specific correlation between a number of chemical and agronomical parameters and saccharification suggests that the cell wall thickness and lignin content in straw could be used in breeding programs for the improvement of the saccharification potential. Finally, the lack of correlation between grain yield and saccharification suggests that it would be possible to make a selection of genotypes for dual purpose, low recalcitrance and grain yield.
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16
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Ren H, Wang C, Fan W, Zhang B, Li Z, Li D. Effects of Formic or Acetic Acid on the Storage Quality
of Mixed Air-Dried Corn Stover and Cabbage Waste,
and Microbial Community Analysis. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:71-82. [PMID: 29795999 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.01.18.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixture of air-dried corn stover and cabbage waste was ensiled to preserve lignocellulosic biomass for use as biofuel. Furthermore, the effects of different fresh mass fractions (0.3 and 0.6%) of formic or acetic acid on the mixed silage quality were evaluated to guarantee its quality. The application of formic or acetic acid prior to mixing the silage led to higher water-soluble carbohydrate fractions than the negative control, indicating that both acids contributed to preservation of water-soluble carbohydrates during storage for 170 days. The dry matter content was also increased after storage from 90 to 170 days. It was found that the content of neutral and acid detergent fibre, cellulose and holocellulose (the sum of cellulose and hemicellulose) in mixed silage treated with formic or acetic acid was significantly lower than that obtained in the negative control. The pH and the ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to total nitrogen in mixed silage treated with acetic acid also significantly decreased. Furthermore, the addition of formic or acetic acid significantly weakened the fermentation intensity of lactic acid, depending on the ratio of lactic to acetic acid, as well as the ratio of lactic acid to total organic acids. The number of bacterial species and their relative abundance shifted during silage mixing, wherein microbial communities at phylum level mainly consisted of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The dominant bacteria were also observed to shift from Lactobacillus and Enterobacter in presilage biomass to Lactobacillus and Paralactobacillus. Specifically, Enterobacter disappeared after 130 days of storage. In conclusion, the addition of a low dose of acetic acid to fresh mass (0.3%) could effectively improve the fermentation quality and is conducive to the preservation of the organic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, 730050 Lanzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, Gansu Province, 287 Langongping Road, 730050 Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, 730050 Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, 730050 Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Bingyun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, 730050 Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, 730050 Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, PR China
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17
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Technological Processes for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Bioethanol. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Larsen SU, Hjort-Gregersen K, Vazifehkhoran AH, Triolo JM. Co-ensiling of straw with sugar beet leaves increases the methane yield from straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:106-115. [PMID: 28892679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of co-ensiling of wheat straw and sugar beet leaves on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) by both lab-scale and pilot-scale co-ensiling. BMP was increased by co-ensiling, and the increase ranged from 19 to 34% after 9months of co-ensiling in lab-scale and from 18 to 32% after 6months of co-ensiling in pilot-scale. No effluent run-off was found through pilot-scale co-ensiling and there was a mass loss of only 0.1%. The study demonstrates that co-ensiling of straw and green biomass has potential as biological pretreatment and for avoiding effluent run-off from pure beet leave silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Ugilt Larsen
- Danish Technological Institute, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Ali Heidarzadeh Vazifehkhoran
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jin Mi Triolo
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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19
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Shrestha S, Fonoll X, Khanal SK, Raskin L. Biological strategies for enhanced hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass during anaerobic digestion: Current status and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1245-1257. [PMID: 28941664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable bioresource on earth. In lignocellulosic biomass, the cellulose and hemicellulose are bound with lignin and other molecules to form a complex structure not easily accessible to microbial degradation. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass with a focus on improving hydrolysis, the rate limiting step in AD of lignocellulosic feedstocks, has received considerable attention. This review highlights challenges with AD of lignocellulosic biomass, factors contributing to its recalcitrance, and natural microbial ecosystems, such as the gastrointestinal tracts of herbivorous animals, capable of performing hydrolysis efficiently. Biological strategies that have been evaluated to enhance hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass include biological pretreatment, co-digestion, and inoculum selection. Strategies to further improve these approaches along with future research directions are outlined with a focus on linking studies of microbial communities involved in hydrolysis of lignocellulosics to process engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilva Shrestha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, 107 EWRE Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Xavier Fonoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, 107 EWRE Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, 107 EWRE Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA.
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20
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Ravindran R, Jaiswal S, Abu-Ghannam N, Jaiswal AK. Evaluation of ultrasound assisted potassium permanganate pre-treatment of spent coffee waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 199:92-102. [PMID: 27866804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, novel pre-treatment for spent coffee waste (SCW) has been proposed which utilises the superior oxidising capacity of alkaline KMnO4 assisted by ultra-sonication. The pre-treatment was conducted for different exposure times (10, 20, 30 and 40min) using different concentrations of KMnO4 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5%w/v) at room temperature with solid/liquid ratio of 1:10. Pretreating SCW with 4% KMnO4 and exposing it to ultrasound for 20min resulted in 98% cellulose recovery and a maximum lignin removal of 46%. 1.7 fold increase in reducing sugar yield was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of KMnO4 pretreated SCW as compared to raw. SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis of the pretreated SCW revealed the various effects of pretreatment. Thermal behaviour of the pretreated substrate against the native biomass was also studied using DSC. Ultrasound-assisted potassium permanganate oxidation was found to be an effective pretreatment for SCW, and can be a used as a potential feedstock pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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21
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Schwarz D, Dörrstein J, Kugler S, Schieder D, Zollfrank C, Sieber V. Integrated biorefinery concept for grass silage using a combination of adapted pulping methods for advanced saccharification and extraction of lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:462-470. [PMID: 27262721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An integrated refining and pulping process for ensiled biomass from permanent grassland was established on laboratory scale. The liquid phase, containing the majority of water-soluble components, including 24% of the initial dry matter (DM), was first separated by mechanical pressing. The fiber fraction was subjected to high solid load saccharification (25% DM) to enhance the lignin content in the feed for subsequent organosolvation. The saccharification enzymes were pre-selected applying experimental design approaches. Cellulose convertibility was improved by a secondary pressing step during liquefaction. Combined saccharification and organosolvation showed high degree of saccharide solubilization with recovery of 98% of the glucan and 73% of the xylan from the fiber fraction in the hydrolysates, and enabled the recovery of 41% of the grass silage lignin. The effects of the treatment were confirmed by XRD and SEM tracking of cellulose crystallinity and fiber morphology throughout the pulping procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schwarz
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jörg Dörrstein
- Technische Universität München, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Sabine Kugler
- Technische Universität München, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Doris Schieder
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Technische Universität München, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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22
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Keshav PK, Naseeruddin S, Rao LV. Improved enzymatic saccharification of steam exploded cotton stalk using alkaline extraction and fermentation of cellulosic sugars into ethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:363-370. [PMID: 27155264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton stalk, a widely available and cheap agricultural residue lacking economic alternatives, was subjected to steam explosion in the range 170-200°C for 5min. Steam explosion at 200°C and 5min led to significant hemicellulose solubilization (71.90±0.10%). Alkaline extraction of steam exploded cotton stalk (SECOH) using 3% NaOH at room temperature for 6h led to 85.07±1.43% lignin removal with complete hemicellulose solubilization. Besides, this combined pretreatment allowed a high recovery of the cellulosic fraction from the biomass. Enzymatic saccharification was studied between steam exploded cotton stalk (SECS) and SECOH using different cellulase loadings. SECOH gave a maximum of 785.30±8.28mg/g reducing sugars with saccharification efficiency of 82.13±0.72%. Subsequently, fermentation of SECOH hydrolysate containing sugars (68.20±1.16g/L) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 23.17±0.84g/L ethanol with 0.44g/g yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Keshav
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Shaik Naseeruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - L Venkateswar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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23
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Fungal Pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for Enhancement of Biogas Production from Corn Stover Silage. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1907-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ambye-Jensen M, Johansen KS, Didion T, Kádár Z, Meyer AS. Ensiling and hydrothermal pretreatment of grass: consequences for enzymatic biomass conversion and total monosaccharide yields. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:95. [PMID: 25024743 PMCID: PMC4096529 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensiling may act as a pretreatment of fresh grass biomass and increase the enzymatic conversion of structural carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. However, ensiling does not provide sufficient severity to be a standalone pretreatment method. Here, ensiling of grass is combined with hydrothermal treatment (HTT) with the aim of improving the enzymatic biomass convertibility and decrease the required temperature of the HTT. RESULTS Grass silage (Festulolium Hykor) was hydrothermally treated at temperatures of 170, 180, and 190°C for 10 minutes. Relative to HTT treated dry grass, ensiling increased the solubilization of dry matter (DM) during HTT and gave increased glucan content, but lower lignin in the insoluble fiber fraction. Ensiling improved glucose yields in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the washed solid fiber fraction at the lower HTT temperatures. At 170°C glucose yield improved from 17 to 24 (w/w)% (45 to 57% cellulose convertibility), and at 180°C glucose yield improved from 22 to 29 (w/w)% (54 to 69% cellulose convertibility). Direct HTT of grass at 190°C gave the same high glucose yield as for grass silage (35 (w/w)% (77% cellulose convertibility)) and improved xylan yields (27% xylan convertibility). The effect of ensiling of grass prior to HTT improved the enzymatic conversion of cellulose for HTT at 170 and 180°C, but the increased glucose release did not make up for the loss of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) during ensiling. Overall, sugar yields (C6 + C5) were similar for HTT of grass and grass silage at both 170 and 180°C, but at 190°C the overall sugar yield was better for HTT of dry grass. CONCLUSIONS This study unequivocally establishes that ensiling of grass as a biomass pretreatment method comes with a loss of WSC. The loss of WSC by ensiling is not necessarily compensated for by providing a lower temperature requirement for HTT for high enzymatic monosaccharide release. However, ensiling can be an advantageous storage method prior to grass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ambye-Jensen
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Didion
- Danish Plant Breeding Research Division, DLF TRIFOLIUM A/S, Højerupvej 31, DK-4660 Store Heddinge, Denmark
| | - Zsófia Kádár
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Liu S, Wu S, Pang C, Li W, Dong R. Microbial Pretreatment of Corn Stovers by Solid-State Cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for Biogas Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1365-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Liu ZH, Qin L, Jin MJ, Pang F, Li BZ, Kang Y, Dale BE, Yuan YJ. Evaluation of storage methods for the conversion of corn stover biomass to sugars based on steam explosion pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:5-15. [PMID: 23395737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dry and wet storage methods without or with shredding on the conversion of corn stover biomass were investigated using steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugar conversions and yields for wet stored biomass were obviously higher than those for dry stored biomass. Shredding reduced sugar conversions compared with non-shredding, but increased sugar yields. Glucan conversion and glucose yield for non-shredded wet stored biomass reached 91.5% and 87.6% after 3-month storage, respectively. Data of micro-structure and crystallinity of biomass indicated that corn stover biomass maintained the flexible and porous structure after wet storage, and hence led to the high permeability of corn stover biomass and the high efficiency of pretreatment and hydrolysis. Therefore, the wet storage methods would be desirable for the conversion of corn stover biomass to fermentable sugars based on steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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Ambye-Jensen M, Thomsen ST, Kádár Z, Meyer AS. Ensiling of wheat straw decreases the required temperature in hydrothermal pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:116. [PMID: 23945109 PMCID: PMC3751596 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensiling is a well-known method for preserving green biomasses through anaerobic production of organic acids by lactic acid bacteria. In this study, wheat straw is subjected to ensiling in combination with hydrothermal treatment as a combined pretreatment method, taking advantage of the produced organic acids. RESULTS Ensiling for 4 weeks was accomplished in a vacuum bag system after addition of an inoculum of Lactobacillus buchneri and 7% w/w xylose to wheat straw biomass at 35% final dry matter. Both glucan and xylan were preserved, and the DM loss after ensiling was less than 0.5%. When comparing hydrothermally treated wheat straw (170, 180 and 190°C) with hydrothermally treated ensiled wheat straw (same temperatures), several positive effects of ensiling were revealed. Glucan was up-concentrated in the solid fraction and the solubilisation of hemicellulose was significantly increased. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid fractions showed that ensiling significantly improved the effect of pretreatment, especially at the lower temperatures of 170 and 180°C. The overall glucose yields after pretreatments of ensiled wheat straw were higher than for non-ensiled wheat straw hydrothermally treated at 190°C, namely 74-81% of the theoretical maximum glucose in the raw material, which was ~1.8 times better than the corresponding yields for the non-ensiled straw pretreated at 170 or 180°C. The highest overall conversion of combined glucose and xylose was achieved for ensiled wheat straw hydrothermally treated at 180°C, with overall glucose yield of 78% and overall conversion yield of xylose of 87%. CONCLUSIONS Ensiling of wheat straw is shown to be an effective pre-step to hydrothermal treatment, and can give rise to a welcomed decrease of process temperature in hydrothermal treatments, thereby potentially having a positive effect on large scale pretreatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ambye-Jensen
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
| | - Sune Tjalfe Thomsen
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
| | - Zsófia Kádár
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DTU, Denmark
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Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1447-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Improved Bioethanol Production Using Fusants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xylose-Fermenting Yeasts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:873-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Umar R, Alam F. Assessment of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of Hindon-Yamuna interfluve region, Baghpat District, western Uttar Pradesh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:2321-2336. [PMID: 21611844 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to assess groundwater quality in parts of Hindon-Yamuna interfluve region of western Uttar Pradesh. Fifty-five groundwater samples were collected from hand pumps in post-monsoon 2005 and pre-monsoon 2006 period, respectively, covering an area of about 1,345 km(2). Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO(3), Cl, and SO(4) were determined. Concentration of the chemical constituents in groundwater of the study area varies spatially and temporarily. Interpretation of analytical data of major ion chemistry helps to identify three chemical types of groundwater i.e. 'mixed', 'mixed bicarbonate' and 'alkali bicarbonate' types. The species likely to occur in groundwater of the study area are Ca-HCO(3), Mg-HCO(3), Ca-SO(4), Na-Cl, Na-SO(4), Na-HCO(3), K-Cl, and some other possible species of K, depending on its abundance. The groundwater of the study area comes under the category of moderately hard to very hard, mildly acidic to slightly alkaline in nature. There is anomalously high concentration of major ions, particularly, Na, K, SO(4), and Cl. High SO(4) and K values may be related to anthropogenic influences, rather than through some natural process. Sodium along with Cl may be added to the system through sewage pollution and leachate percolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Umar
- Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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31
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Cui Z, Shi J, Wan C, Li Y. Comparison of alkaline- and fungi-assisted wet-storage of corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 109:98-104. [PMID: 22306079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Storage of lignocellulosic biomass is critical for a year-round supply of feedstock for a biorefinery. Compared with dry storage, wet storage is a promising alternative technology, providing several advantages including reduced dry matter loss and fire risk and improved feedstock digestibility after storage. This study investigated the concurrent pretreatment and wet-storage of corn stover with the assistance of NaOH or a lignin-degrading fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, during a 90-d period. Compared with ensilage, adding NaOH or inoculation with C. subvermispora significantly enhanced the enzymatic degradability of corn stover by 2-3-fold after 90-d wet storage. Lignin and xylan removal during NaOH pretreatment and wet-storage were influenced by NaOH loading and moisture. NaOH pretreatment retarded the production of organic acids during storage and the acetate release correlated with lignin and xylan removal. Further study is needed to reduce cellulose degradation during the late stage of fungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Cui
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
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Pakarinen A, Maijala P, Jaakkola S, Stoddard FL, Kymäläinen M, Viikari L. Evaluation of preservation methods for improving biogas production and enzymatic conversion yields of annual crops. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:20. [PMID: 21771298 PMCID: PMC3155480 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of energy crops and agricultural residues is expected to increase to fulfil the legislative demands of bio-based components in transport fuels. Ensiling methods, adapted from the feed sector, are suitable storage methods to preserve fresh crops throughout the year for, for example, biogas production. Various preservation methods, namely ensiling with and without acid addition for whole crop maize, fibre hemp and faba bean were investigated. For the drier fibre hemp, alkaline urea treatment was studied as well. These treatments were also explored as mild pretreatment methods to improve the disassembly and hydrolysis of these lignocellulosic substrates. RESULTS The investigated storage treatments increased the availability of the substrates for biogas production from hemp and in most cases from whole maize but not from faba bean. Ensiling of hemp, without or with addition of formic acid, increased methane production by more than 50% compared to fresh hemp. Ensiling resulted in substantially increased methane yields also from maize, and the use of formic acid in ensiling of maize further enhanced methane yields by 16%, as compared with fresh maize. Ensiled faba bean, in contrast, yielded somewhat less methane than the fresh material. Acidic additives preserved and even increased the amount of the valuable water-soluble carbohydrates during storage, which affected most significantly the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of maize. However, preservation without additives decreased the enzymatic hydrolysis yield especially in maize, due to its high content of soluble sugars that were already converted to acids during storage. Urea-based preservation significantly increased the enzymatic hydrolysability of hemp. Hemp, preserved with urea, produced the highest carbohydrate increase of 46% in enzymatic hydrolysis as compared to the fresh material. Alkaline pretreatment conditions of hemp improved also the methane yields. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present work show that ensiling and alkaline preservation of fresh crop materials are useful pretreatment methods for methane production. Improvements in enzymatic hydrolysis were also promising. While all three crops still require a more powerful pretreatment to release the maximum amount of carbohydrates, anaerobic preservation is clearly a suitable storage and pretreatment method prior to production of platform sugars from fresh crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annukka Pakarinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Maijala
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seija Jaakkola
- University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frederick L Stoddard
- University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maritta Kymäläinen
- HAMK University of Applied Sciences, PO BOX 230, 13101 Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Liisa Viikari
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Compositional Changes in Sugarcane Bagasse on Low Temperature, Long-term Diluted Ammonia Treatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 161:34-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Choi GW, Kang HW, Moon SK, Chung BW. Continuous Ethanol Production from Cassava Through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Self-Flocculating Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae CHFY0321. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1517-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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