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Chen S, Xu Z, Ding B, Zhang Y, Liu S, Cai C, Li M, Dale BE, Jin M. Big data mining, rational modification, and ancestral sequence reconstruction inferred multiple xylose isomerases for biorefinery. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd8835. [PMID: 36724227 PMCID: PMC9891696 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The isomerization of xylose to xylulose is considered the most promising approach to initiate xylose bioconversion. Here, phylogeny-guided big data mining, rational modification, and ancestral sequence reconstruction strategies were implemented to explore new active xylose isomerases (XIs) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Significantly, 13 new active XIs for S. cerevisiae were mined or artificially created. Moreover, the importance of the amino-terminal fragment for maintaining basic XI activity was demonstrated. With the mined XIs, four efficient xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae were constructed and evolved, among which the strain S. cerevisiae CRD5HS contributed to ethanol titers as high as 85.95 and 94.76 g/liter from pretreated corn stover and corn cob, respectively, without detoxifying or washing pretreated biomass. Potential genetic targets obtained from adaptive laboratory evolution were further analyzed by sequencing the high-performance strains. The combined XI mining methods described here provide practical references for mining other scarce and valuable enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Boning Ding
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chenggu Cai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Muzi Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Centre (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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2
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Liu ZH, Hao N, Wang YY, Dou C, Lin F, Shen R, Bura R, Hodge DB, Dale BE, Ragauskas AJ, Yang B, Yuan JS. Transforming biorefinery designs with 'Plug-In Processes of Lignin' to enable economic waste valorization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3912. [PMID: 34162838 PMCID: PMC8222318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological lignin valorization has emerged as a major solution for sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, current biorefineries yield lignin with inadequate fractionation for bioconversion, yet substantial changes of these biorefinery designs to focus on lignin could jeopardize carbohydrate efficiency and increase capital costs. We resolve the dilemma by designing 'plug-in processes of lignin' with the integration of leading pretreatment technologies. Substantial improvement of lignin bioconversion and synergistic enhancement of carbohydrate processing are achieved by solubilizing lignin via lowering molecular weight and increasing hydrophilic groups, addressing the dilemma of lignin- or carbohydrate-first scenarios. The plug-in processes of lignin could enable minimum polyhydroxyalkanoate selling price at as low as $6.18/kg. The results highlight the potential to achieve commercial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a co-product of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we show that the plug-in processes of lignin could transform biorefinery design toward sustainability by promoting carbon efficiency and optimizing the total capital cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Naijia Hao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yun-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Dou
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Furong Lin
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rongchun Shen
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Renata Bura
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Kim S, Zhang X, Reddy AD, Dale BE, Thelen KD, Jones CD, Izaurralde RC, Runge T, Maravelias C. Carbon-Negative Biofuel Production. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:10797-10807. [PMID: 32786588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achievement of the 1.5 °C limit for global temperature increase relies on the large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. In this article, we explore two CDR technologies: soil carbon sequestration (SCS), and carbon capture and storage (CCS) integrated with cellulosic biofuel production. These CDR technologies are applied as part of decentralized biorefinery systems processing corn stover and unfertilized switchgrass grown in riparian zones in the Midwestern United States. Cover crops grown on corn-producing lands are chosen from the SCS approach, and biogenic CO2 in biorefineries is captured, transported by pipeline, and injected into saline aquifers. The decentralized biorefinery system using SCS, CCS, or both can produce carbon-negative cellulosic biofuels (≤-22.2 gCO2 MJ-1). Meanwhile, biofuel selling prices increase by 15-45% due to CDR costs. Economic incentives (e.g., cover crop incentives and/or a CO2 tax credit) can mitigate price increases caused by CDR technologies. A combination of different CDR technologies in decentralized biorefinery systems is the most efficient method for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, and its total GHG mitigation potential in the Midwest is 0.16 GtCO2 year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungdo Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
- Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 4001 College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Ashwan Daram Reddy
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Kurt D Thelen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Curtis Dinneen Jones
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Roberto Cesar Izaurralde
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
| | - Troy Runge
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Christos Maravelias
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Chundawat SPS, Pal RK, Zhao C, Campbell T, Teymouri F, Videto J, Nielson C, Wieferich B, Sousa L, Dale BE, Balan V, Chipkar S, Aguado J, Burke E, Ong RG. Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32364543 DOI: 10.3791/57488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are plant-derived feedstocks, such as crop residues (e.g., corn stover, rice straw, and sugar cane bagasse) and purpose-grown energy crops (e.g., miscanthus, and switchgrass) that are available in large quantities to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and animal feed. Plant polysaccharides (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) embedded within cell walls are highly recalcitrant towards conversion into useful products. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) is a thermochemical pretreatment that increases accessibility of polysaccharides to enzymes for hydrolysis into fermentable sugars. These released sugars can be converted into fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery. Here, we describe a laboratory-scale batch AFEX process to produce pretreated biomass on the gram-scale without any ammonia recycling. The laboratory-scale process can be used to identify optimal pretreatment conditions (e.g., ammonia loading, water loading, biomass loading, temperature, pressure, residence time, etc.) and generates sufficient quantities of pretreated samples for detailed physicochemical characterization and enzymatic/microbial analysis. The yield of fermentable sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover pretreated using the laboratory-scale AFEX process is comparable to pilot-scale AFEX process under similar pretreatment conditions. This paper is intended to provide a detailed standard operating procedure for the safe and consistent operation of laboratory-scale reactors for performing AFEX pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir P S Chundawat
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey;
| | - Ramendra K Pal
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Bradley Wieferich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University
| | - Leonardo Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, Biotechnology Program, College of Technology, University of Houston;
| | - Sarvada Chipkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
| | - Jacob Aguado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
| | - Emily Burke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
| | - Rebecca G Ong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University;
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5
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Xie S, Sun S, Lin F, Li M, Pu Y, Cheng Y, Xu B, Liu Z, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Ragauskas AJ, Dai SY, Yuan JS. Mechanism-Guided Design of Highly Efficient Protein Secretion and Lipid Conversion for Biomanufacturing and Biorefining. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1801980. [PMID: 31380177 PMCID: PMC6662401 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial protein secretion represents a significant challenge in biotechnology, which is essential for the cost-effective production of therapeutics, enzymes, and other functional proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that proteomics-guided engineering of transcription, translation, secretion, and folding of ligninolytic laccase balances the process, minimizes the toxicity, and enables efficient heterologous secretion with a total protein yield of 13.7 g L-1. The secretory laccase complements the biochemical limits on lignin depolymerization well in Rhodococcus opacus PD630. Further proteomics analysis reveals the mechanisms for the oleaginous phenotype of R. opacus PD630, where a distinct multiunit fatty acid synthase I drives the carbon partition to storage lipid. The discovery guides the design of efficient lipid conversion from lignin and carbohydrate. The proteomics-guided integration of laccase-secretion and lipid production modules enables a high titer in converting lignin-enriched biorefinery waste to lipid. The fundamental mechanisms, engineering components, and design principle can empower transformative platforms for biomanufacturing and biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxian Xie
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Su Sun
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Furong Lin
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Muzi Li
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Yanbing Cheng
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences and Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and FisheriesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Susie Y. Dai
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
- State Hygienic LaboratoryUniversity of IowaCoralvilleIA52246USA
| | - Joshua S. Yuan
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub and Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
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Abstract
A sustainable chemical industry cannot exist at scale without both sustainable feedstocks and feedstock supply chains to provide the raw materials. However, most current research focus is on producing the sustainable chemicals and materials. Little attention is given to how and by whom sustainable feedstocks will be supplied. In effect, we have put the bioproducts cart before the sustainable feedstocks horse. For example, bulky, unstable, non-commodity feedstocks such as crop residues probably cannot supply a large-scale sustainable industry. Likewise, those who manage land to produce feedstocks must benefit significantly from feedstock production, otherwise they will not participate in this industry and it will never grow. However, given real markets that properly reward farmers, demand for sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy can drive the adoption of more sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, providing many societal "win-win" opportunities. Three case studies are presented to show how this "win-win" process might unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48910, USA.
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Kim S, Dale BE, Zhang X, Jones CD, Reddy AD, Izaurralde RC. The Renewable Fuel Standard May Limit Overall Greenhouse Gas Savings by Corn Stover-Based Cellulosic Biofuels in the U.S. Midwest: Effects of the Regulatory Approach on Projected Emissions. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:2288-2294. [PMID: 30730719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program specifies a greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction threshold for cellulosic biofuels, while the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program in California does not. Here, we investigate the effects of the GHG threshold under the RFS on projected GHG savings from two corn stover-based biofuel supply chain systems in the United States Midwest. The analysis is based on a techno-economic framework that minimizes ethanol selling price. The GHG threshold lowers the lifecycle GHG of ethanol: 34.39 ± 4.92 gCO2 MJ-1 in the RFS-compliant system and 46.30 ± 10.05 gCO2 MJ-1 in the non RFS-compliant system. However, hypothetical biorefinery systems complying with the RFS will not process the more GHG-intensive corn stover, and thus much less biofuel will be produced compared to the non RFS-compliant system. Thus, taken as a whole, the non RFS-compliant system would achieve more GHG savings than an RFS-compliant system: 10.7 TgCO2 year-1 in the non RFS-compliant system compared with 4.4 TgCO2 year-1 in the RFS-compliant system. These results suggest that the current RFS GHG reduction threshold may not be the most efficient way to carry out the purposes of the Energy Security and Independence Act in the corn stover-based biofuel system: relaxing the threshold could actually increase the overall GHG savings from corn stover-based biofuels. Therefore, the LCFS-type regulatory approach is recommended for the corn stover-based cellulosic biofuel system under the RFS program. In addition, our calculation of the GHG balance for stover-based biofuel accounts for SOC losses, while the current RFS estimates do not include effects on SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungdo Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center , Michigan State University , 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Michigan State University , 3815 Technology Boulevard , Lansing , Michigan 48910 , United States
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center , Michigan State University , 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Michigan State University , 3815 Technology Boulevard , Lansing , Michigan 48910 , United States
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Joint Global Change Research Institute , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500 , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Curtis Dinneen Jones
- Department of Geographical Sciences , University of Maryland , 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Drive , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Ashwan Daram Reddy
- Department of Geographical Sciences , University of Maryland , 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Drive , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Roberto Cesar Izaurralde
- Department of Geographical Sciences , University of Maryland , 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, 7251 Preinkert Drive , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension , Texas A&M University , Temple , Texas 76502 , United States
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Mokomele T, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V, van Rensburg E, Dale BE, Görgens JF. Incorporating anaerobic co-digestion of steam exploded or ammonia fiber expansion pretreated sugarcane residues with manure into a sugarcane-based bioenergy-livestock nexus. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:326-336. [PMID: 30384207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The co-digestion of pretreated sugarcane lignocelluloses with dairy cow manure (DCM) as a bioenergy production and waste management strategy, for intensive livestock farms located in sugarcane regions, was investigated. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) increased the nitrogen content and accelerated the biodegradability of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and cane leaf matter (CLM) through the cleavage of lignin carbohydrate crosslinks, resulting in the highest specific methane yields (292-299 L CH4/kg VSadded), biogas methane content (57-59% v/v) and biodegradation rates, with or without co-digestion with DCM. To obtain comparable methane yields, untreated and steam exploded (StEx) SCB and CLM had to be co-digested with DCM, at mass ratios providing initial C/N ratios in the range of 18 to 35. Co-digestion with DCM improved the nutrient content of the solid digestates, providing digestates that could be used as biofertilizer to replace CLM that is removed from sugarcane fields during green harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapelo Mokomele
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Division, School of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Johann F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Valenti F, Zhong Y, Sun M, Porto SMC, Toscano A, Dale BE, Sibilla F, Liao W. Anaerobic co-digestion of multiple agricultural residues to enhance biogas production in southern Italy. Waste Manag 2018; 78:151-157. [PMID: 32559898 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To valorize agricultural wastes and byproducts in southern Italy, anaerobic co-digestion of six feedstocks (citrus pulp, olive pomace, cattle manure, poultry litter, whey, and corn silage) was studied to produce biogas for renewable energy generation. Both batch and semi-continuous co-digestion approaches were adopted to carry out the investigation. The feedstocks were mixed at different percentages according to their availabilities in southern Italy. The batch anaerobic co-digestion demonstrated that six studied feedstock mixtures generated an average of 239 mL CH4/g VS loading without significant difference between each other, which concluded that the feedstock mixtures can be used for biogas production. Considering the feedstock availability of citrus pulp and olive pomace in Sicily, three feedstock mixtures with the highest volatile solids concentration of citrus pulp (42% citrus pulp, 17% corn silage, 4% cattle manure, 8% poultry litter, and 18% whey; 34% citrus pulp, 8% olive pomace, 17% corn silage, 4% cattle manure, 8% poultry litter, and 18% whey; and 25% citrus pulp, 16% olive pomace, 17% corn silage, 4% cattle manure, 8% poultry litter, and 18% whey, respectively) were selected to run the semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. Under the stabilized culture condition, the feed mixture with 42% citrus pulp, 17% corn silage, 4% cattle manure, 8% poultry litter, and 18% whey presented the best biogas production (231 L methane/kg VS loading/day). The corresponding mass and energy balance concluded that all three tested feedstock mixtures have positive net energy outputs (1.5, 0.9, and 1.2 kWh-e/kg dry feedstock mixture, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Valenti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy; Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mingxuan Sun
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Simona M C Porto
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Attilio Toscano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Wei Liao
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Zhou L, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Feng JX, Balan V. Correction to: 'The effect of alkali-soluble lignin on purified core cellulase and hemicellulase activities during hydrolysis of extractive ammonia-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass'. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:181213. [PMID: 30225091 PMCID: PMC6124048 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171529.].
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11
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Zhou L, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Feng JX, Balan V. The effect of alkali-soluble lignin on purified core cellulase and hemicellulase activities during hydrolysis of extractive ammonia-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171529. [PMID: 30110471 PMCID: PMC6030313 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Removing alkali-soluble lignin using extractive ammonia (EA) pretreatment of corn stover (CS) is known to improve biomass conversion efficiency during enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, we investigated the effect of alkali-soluble lignin on six purified core glycosyl hydrolases and their enzyme synergies, adopting 31 enzyme combinations derived by a five-component simplex centroid model, during EA-CS hydrolysis. Hydrolysis experiment was carried out using EA-CS(-) (approx. 40% lignin removed during EA pretreatment) and EA-CS(+) (where no lignin was extracted). Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were done at three different enzyme mass loadings (7.5, 15 and 30 mg protein g-1 glucan), using a previously developed high-throughput microplate-based protocol, and the sugar yields of glucose and xylose were detected. The optimal enzyme combinations (based on % protein mass loading) of six core glycosyl hydrolases for EA-CS(-) and EA-CS(+) were determined that gave high sugar conversion. The inhibition of lignin on optimal enzyme ratios was studied, by adding fixed amount of alkali-soluble lignin fractions to EA-CS(-), and pure Avicel, beechwood xylan and evaluating their sugar conversion. The optimal enzyme ratios that gave higher sugar conversion for EA-CS(-) were CBH I: 27.2-28.2%, CBH II: 18.2-22.2%, EG I: 29.2-34.3%, EX: 9.0-14.1%, βX: 7.2-10.2%, βG: 1.0-5.0% (at 7.5-30 mg g-1 protein mass loading). Endoglucanase was inhibited to a greater extent than other core cellulases and xylanases by lignin during enzyme hydrolysis. We also found that alkali-soluble lignin inhibits cellulase more strongly than hemicellulase during the course of enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Division, School of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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12
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Mokomele T, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V, van Rensburg E, Dale BE, Görgens JF. Ethanol production potential from AFEX™ and steam-exploded sugarcane residues for sugarcane biorefineries. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:127. [PMID: 29755586 PMCID: PMC5934847 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanding biofuel markets are challenged by the need to meet future biofuel demands and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, while using domestically available feedstock sustainably. In the context of the sugar industry, exploiting under-utilized cane leaf matter (CLM) in addition to surplus sugarcane bagasse as supplementary feedstock for second-generation ethanol production has the potential to improve bioenergy yields per unit land. In this study, the ethanol yields and processing bottlenecks of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX™) and steam explosion (StEx) as adopted technologies for pretreating sugarcane bagasse and CLM were experimentally measured and compared for the first time. RESULTS Ethanol yields between 249 and 256 kg Mg-1 raw dry biomass (RDM) were obtained with AFEX™-pretreated sugarcane bagasse and CLM after high solids loading enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. In contrast, StEx-pretreated sugarcane bagasse and CLM resulted in substantially lower ethanol yields that ranged between 162 and 203 kg Mg-1 RDM. The ethanol yields from StEx-treated sugarcane residues were limited by the aggregated effect of sugar degradation during pretreatment, enzyme inhibition during enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial inhibition of S. cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) during fermentation. However, relatively high enzyme dosages (> 20 mg g-1 glucan) were required irrespective of pretreatment method to reach 75% carbohydrate conversion, even when optimal combinations of Cellic® CTec3, Cellic® HTec3 and Pectinex Ultra-SP were used. Ethanol yields per hectare sugarcane cultivation area were estimated at 4496 and 3416 L ha-1 for biorefineries using AFEX™- or StEx-treated sugarcane residues, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AFEX™ proved to be a more effective pretreatment method for sugarcane residues relative to StEx due to the higher fermentable sugar recovery and enzymatic hydrolysate fermentability after high solids loading enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by S. cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST). The identification of auxiliary enzyme activities, adequate process integration and the use of robust xylose-fermenting ethanologens were identified as opportunities to further improve ethanol yields from AFEX™- and StEx-treated sugarcane residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapelo Mokomele
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Program, School of Technology, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun, Road, Houston, TX 77004 USA
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Johann F. Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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13
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Robertson GP, Hamilton SK, Barham BL, Dale BE, Izaurralde RC, Jackson RD, Landis DA, Swinton SM, Thelen KD, Tiedje JM. Cellulosic biofuel contributions to a sustainable energy future: Choices and outcomes. Science 2018; 356:356/6345/eaal2324. [PMID: 28663443 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosic crops are projected to provide a large fraction of transportation energy needs by mid-century. However, the anticipated land requirements are substantial, which creates a potential for environmental harm if trade-offs are not sufficiently well understood to create appropriately prescriptive policy. Recent empirical findings show that cellulosic bioenergy concerns related to climate mitigation, biodiversity, reactive nitrogen loss, and crop water use can be addressed with appropriate crop, placement, and management choices. In particular, growing native perennial species on marginal lands not currently farmed provides substantial potential for climate mitigation and other benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Philip Robertson
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA. .,Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen K Hamilton
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bradford L Barham
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R Cesar Izaurralde
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Randall D Jackson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Douglas A Landis
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Scott M Swinton
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kurt D Thelen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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14
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Flores-Gómez CA, Escamilla Silva EM, Zhong C, Dale BE, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V. Conversion of lignocellulosic agave residues into liquid biofuels using an AFEX™-based biorefinery. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:7. [PMID: 29371883 PMCID: PMC5769373 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. RESULTS Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100-120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. CONCLUSIONS These results show that AFEX-pretreated agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Flores-Gómez
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Celaya, Av. Tecnológico S/N, 38010 Celaya, Guanajuato Mexico
- Department of Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Roque, Km 8 Carretera Celaya-J. Rosas, 38110 Celaya, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Eleazar M. Escamilla Silva
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Celaya, Av. Tecnológico S/N, 38010 Celaya, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Engineering Technology, School of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA
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15
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Jin M, Sarks C, Bals BD, Posawatz N, Gunawan C, Dale BE, Balan V. Toward high solids loading process for lignocellulosic biofuel production at a low cost. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:980-989. [PMID: 27888662 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High solids loadings (>18 wt%) in enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are desired for lignocellulosic biofuel production at a high titer and low cost. However, sugar conversion and ethanol yield decrease with increasing solids loading. The factor(s) limiting sugar conversion at high solids loading is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of solids loading on simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of AFEX™ (ammonia fiber expansion) pretreated corn stover for ethanol production using a xylose fermenting strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST). Decreased sugar conversion and ethanol yield with increasing solids loading were also observed. End-product (ethanol) was proven to be the major cause of this issue and increased degradation products with increasing solids loading was also a cause. For the first time, we show that with in situ removal of end-product by performing SSCF aerobically, sugar conversion stopped decreasing with increasing solids loading and monomeric sugar conversion reached as high as 93% at a high solids loading of 24.9 wt%. Techno-economic analysis was employed to explore the economic possibilities of cellulosic ethanol production at high solids loadings. The results suggest that low-cost in situ removal of ethanol during SSCF would significantly improve the economics of high solids loading processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 980-989. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cory Sarks
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bryan D Bals
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nick Posawatz
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Christa Gunawan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
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16
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Bitter H, Clark J, Rothenberg G, Matharu A, Crestini C, Argyropoulos D, Cabrera-Rodríguez CI, Dale BE, Stevens C, Marrocchi A, Graca I, Luo H, Pant D, Wilson K, Zijlstra DS, Gschwend F, Mu X, Zhou L, Hu C, Lapkin A, Mascal M, Budarin V, Hunt A, Waldron K, Zhang F, Zhenova A, Samec J, Huber G, Coma M, Huang X, Bomtempo JV. Bio-based chemicals: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 202:227-245. [PMID: 28879354 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Sarks C, Jin M, Balan V, Dale BE. Fed-batch hydrolysate addition and cell separation by settling in high cell density lignocellulosic ethanol fermentations on AFEX™ corn stover in the Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycling Technology process. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1261-1272. [PMID: 28536841 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycling Technology (RaBIT) process uses enzyme and yeast recycling to improve cellulosic ethanol production economics. The previous versions of the RaBIT process exhibited decreased xylose consumption using cell recycle for a variety of different micro-organisms. Process changes were tested in an attempt to eliminate the xylose consumption decrease. Three different RaBIT process changes were evaluated in this work including (1) shortening the fermentation time, (2) fed-batch hydrolysate addition, and (3) selective cell recycling using a settling method. Shorting the RaBIT fermentation process to 11 h and introducing fed-batch hydrolysate addition eliminated any xylose consumption decrease over ten fermentation cycles; otherwise, decreased xylose consumption was apparent by the third cell recycle event. However, partial removal of yeast cells during recycle was not economical when compared to recycling all yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Sarks
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA. .,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA. .,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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18
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Jin M, Liu Y, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Balan V. Development of rapid bioconversion with integrated recycle technology for ethanol production from extractive ammonia pretreated corn stover. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1713-1720. [PMID: 28369757 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High enzyme loading and low productivity are two major issues impeding low cost ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. This work applied rapid bioconversion with integrated recycle technology (RaBIT) and extractive ammonia (EA) pretreatment for conversion of corn stover (CS) to ethanol at high solids loading. Enzymes were recycled via recycling unhydrolyzed solids. Enzymatic hydrolysis with recycled enzymes and fermentation with recycled yeast cells were studied. Both enzymatic hydrolysis time and fermentation time were shortened to 24 h. Ethanol productivity was enhanced by two times and enzyme loading was reduced by 30%. Glucan and xylan conversions reached as high as 98% with an enzyme loading of as low as 8.4 mg protein per g glucan. The overall ethanol yield was 227 g ethanol/kg EA-CS (191 g ethanol/kg untreated CS). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1713-1720. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yanping Liu
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
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19
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Gunawan C, Xue S, Pattathil S, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Balan V. Comprehensive characterization of non-cellulosic recalcitrant cell wall carbohydrates in unhydrolyzed solids from AFEX-pretreated corn stover. Biotechnol Biofuels 2017; 10:82. [PMID: 28360940 PMCID: PMC5372267 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inefficient carbohydrate conversion has been an unsolved problem for various lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies, including AFEX, dilute acid, and ionic liquid pretreatments. Previous work has shown 22% of total carbohydrates are typically unconverted, remaining as soluble or insoluble oligomers after hydrolysis (72 h) with excess commercial enzyme loading (20 mg enzymes/g biomass). Nearly one third (7 out of 22%) of these total unconverted carbohydrates are present in unhydrolyzed solid (UHS) residues. The presence of these unconverted carbohydrates leads to a considerable sugar yield loss, which negatively impacts the overall economics of the biorefinery. Current commercial enzyme cocktails are not effective to digest specific cross-linkages in plant cell wall glycans, especially some of those present in hemicelluloses and pectins. Thus, obtaining information about the most recalcitrant non-cellulosic glycan cross-linkages becomes a key study to rationally improve commercial enzyme cocktails, by supplementing the required enzyme activities for hydrolyzing those unconverted glycans. RESULTS In this work, cell wall glycans that could not be enzymatically converted to monomeric sugars from AFEX-pretreated corn stover (CS) were characterized using compositional analysis and glycome profiling tools. The pretreated CS was hydrolyzed using commercial enzyme mixtures comprising cellulase and hemicellulase at 7% glucan loading (~20% solid loading). The carbohydrates present in UHS and liquid hydrolysate were evaluated over a time period of 168 h enzymatic hydrolysis. Cell wall glycan-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to characterize the type and abundance of non-cellulosic polysaccharides present in UHS over the course of enzymatic hydrolysis. 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid-substituted xylan and pectic-arabinogalactan were found to be the most abundant epitopes recognized by mAbs in UHS and liquid hydrolysate, suggesting that the commercial enzyme cocktails used in this work are unable to effectively target those substituted polysaccharide residues. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report using glycome profiling as a tool to dynamically monitor recalcitrant cell wall carbohydrates during the course of enzymatic hydrolysis. Glycome profiling of UHS and liquid hydrolysates unveiled some of the glycans that are not cleaved and enriched after enzyme hydrolysis. The major polysaccharides include 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid-substituted xylan and pectic-arabinogalactan, suggesting that enzymes with glucuronidase and arabinofuranosidase activities are required to maximize monomeric sugar yields. This methodology provides a rapid tool to assist in developing new enzyme cocktails, by supplementing the existing cocktails with the required enzyme activities for achieving complete deconstruction of pretreated biomass in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Gunawan
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Saisi Xue
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Mascoma, LLC (Lallemand Inc.), 67 Etna Road, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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20
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Stoklosa RJ, Del Pilar Orjuela A, da Costa Sousa L, Uppugundla N, Williams DL, Dale BE, Hodge DB, Balan V. Techno-economic comparison of centralized versus decentralized biorefineries for two alkaline pretreatment processes. Bioresour Technol 2017; 226:9-17. [PMID: 27951509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, corn stover subjected to ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™)1 pretreatment or alkaline pre-extraction followed by hydrogen peroxide post-treatment (AHP pretreatment) were compared for their enzymatic hydrolysis yields over a range of solids loadings, enzymes loadings, and enzyme combinations. Process techno-economic models were compared for cellulosic ethanol production for a biorefinery that handles 2000tons per day of corn stover employing a centralized biorefinery approach with AHP or a de-centralized AFEX pretreatment followed by biomass densification feeding a centralized biorefinery. A techno-economic analysis (TEA) of these scenarios shows that the AFEX process resulted in the highest capital investment but also has the lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) at $2.09/gal, primarily due to good energy integration and an efficient ammonia recovery system. The economics of AHP could be made more competitive if oxidant loadings were reduced and the alkali and sugar losses were also decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stoklosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Andrea Del Pilar Orjuela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Nirmal Uppugundla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Daniel L Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
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Huber G, Argyropoulos D, Matharu A, Bitter H, Stevens C, Herou S, Wilson K, Clark J, Pant D, Cabrera-Rodríguez CI, Samec J, Dale BE, Farmer T, Mascal M, Horan A, Stankiewicz A, Gschwend F, Mu X, Zhou L, Huang X, Hu C, Cooper T, Sparlinek L, Budarin V, Kontturi E, Hunt A, Garrido A, Waldron K, Zhang F, Zhenova A, Constable D, Sarkanen S, Titirici M, Rothenberg G, Albert J, Macquarrie D. Bio-based materials: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2017; 202:121-139. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Abdul PM, Jahim JM, Harun S, Markom M, Lutpi NA, Hassan O, Balan V, Dale BE, Mohd Nor MT. Effects of changes in chemical and structural characteristic of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre on enzymatic saccharification and fermentability for biohydrogen. Bioresour Technol 2016; 211:200-8. [PMID: 27017130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre is widely available in Southeast Asian countries and found to have 60% (w/w) sugar components. OPEFB was pretreated using the ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) method and characterised physically by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that there were significant structural changes in OPEFB after the pretreatment step, and the sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis using a cocktail of Cellic Ctec2® and Cellic Htec2® increased from 0.15gg(-1) of OPEFB in the raw untreated OPEFB sample to 0.53gg(-1) of OPEFB in AFEX-pretreated OPEFB (i.e. almost a fourfold increase in sugar conversion), which enhances the economic value of OPEFB. A biohydrogen fermentability test of this hydrolysate was carried out using a locally isolated bacterium, Enterobacter sp. KBH6958. The biohydrogen yield after 72h of fermentation was 1.68mol H2 per mol sugar. Butyrate, ethanol, and acetate were the major metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah Md Jahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shuhaida Harun
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Masturah Markom
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Osman Hassan
- School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Perez-Pimienta JA, Flores-Gómez CA, Ruiz HA, Sathitsuksanoh N, Balan V, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Singh S, Simmons BA. Evaluation of agave bagasse recalcitrance using AFEX™, autohydrolysis, and ionic liquid pretreatments. Bioresour Technol 2016; 211:216-23. [PMID: 27017132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of the response of agave bagasse (AGB) to pretreatment by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™), autohydrolysis (AH) and ionic liquid (IL) was performed using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, wet chemistry, enzymatic saccharification and mass balances. It has been found that AFEX pretreatment preserved all carbohydrates in the biomass, whereas AH removed 62.4% of xylan and IL extracted 25% of lignin into wash streams. Syringyl and guaiacyl lignin ratio of untreated AGB was 4.3, whereas for the pretreated biomass the ratios were 4.2, 5.0 and 4.7 for AFEX, AH and IL, respectively. Using NMR spectra, the intensity of β-aryl ether units in aliphatic, anomeric, and aromatic regions decreased in all three pretreated samples when compared to untreated biomass. Yields of glucose plus xylose in the major hydrolysate stream were 42.5, 39.7 and 26.9kg per 100kg of untreated AGB for AFEX, IL and AH, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Flores-Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States
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24
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Sarks C, Higbee A, Piotrowski J, Xue S, Coon JJ, Sato TK, Jin M, Balan V, Dale BE. Quantifying pretreatment degradation compounds in solution and accumulated by cells during solids and yeast recycling in the Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycling Technology process using AFEX™ corn stover. Bioresour Technol 2016; 205:24-33. [PMID: 26802184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of degradation products (low molecular weight compounds produced during pretreatment) on the microbes used in the RaBIT (Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycling Technology) process that reduces enzyme usage up to 40% by efficient enzyme recycling were studied. Chemical genomic profiling was performed, showing no yeast response differences in hydrolysates produced during RaBIT enzymatic hydrolysis. Concentrations of degradation products in solution were quantified after different enzymatic hydrolysis cycles and fermentation cycles. Intracellular degradation product concentrations were also measured following fermentation. Degradation product concentrations in hydrolysate did not change between RaBIT enzymatic hydrolysis cycles; the cell population retained its ability to oxidize/reduce (detoxify) aldehydes over five RaBIT fermentation cycles; and degradation products accumulated within or on the cells as RaBIT fermentation cycles increased. Synthetic hydrolysate was used to confirm that pretreatment degradation products are the sole cause of decreased xylose consumption during RaBIT fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Sarks
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Alan Higbee
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53704, United States.
| | - Jeff Piotrowski
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53704, United States.
| | - Saisi Xue
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53704, United States.
| | - Trey K Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53704, United States.
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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25
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Slininger PJ, Dien BS, Kurtzman CP, Moser BR, Bakota EL, Thompson SR, O'Bryan PJ, Cotta MA, Balan V, Jin M, Sousa LDC, Dale BE. Comparative lipid production by oleaginous yeasts in hydrolyzates of lignocellulosic biomass and process strategy for high titers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1676-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J. Slininger
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Bruce S. Dien
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Cletus P. Kurtzman
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Bryan R. Moser
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Erica L. Bakota
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Stephanie R. Thompson
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Patricia J. O'Bryan
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Michael A. Cotta
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; USDA-ARS; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
| | - Mingjie Jin
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
| | | | - Bruce E. Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
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26
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Chundawat SPS, Paavola CD, Raman B, Nouailler M, Chan SL, Mielenz JR, Receveur-Brechot V, Trent JD, Dale BE. Saccharification of thermochemically pretreated cellulosic biomass using native and engineered cellulosomal enzyme systems. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tethering hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., cellulases) to protein scaffolds enhances biomass saccharification to sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir P. S. Chundawat
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
- The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
| | | | - Babu Raman
- Biosciences Division and BioEnergy Science Center
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Matthieu Nouailler
- LISM-UMR 7255 Institut De Microbiologie De La Mediterranee
- CNRS and Aix-Marseille University
- 13402 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | | | - Jonathan R. Mielenz
- Biosciences Division and BioEnergy Science Center
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | | | - Jonathan D. Trent
- Bioengineering Branch
- NASA Ames
- Moffett Field
- USA
- Biomolecular Engineering Department
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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27
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Meier PJ, Cronin KR, Frost EA, Runge TM, Dale BE, Reinemann DJ, Detlor J. Potential for Electrified Vehicles to Contribute to U.S. Petroleum and Climate Goals and Implications for Advanced Biofuels. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:8277-8286. [PMID: 26086692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To examine the national fuel and emissions impacts from increasingly electrified light-duty transportation, we reconstructed the vehicle technology portfolios from two national vehicle studies. Using these vehicle portfolios, we normalized assumptions and examined sensitivity around the rates of electrified vehicle penetration, travel demand growth, and electricity decarbonization. We further examined the impact of substituting low-carbon advanced cellulosic biofuels in place of petroleum. Twenty-seven scenarios were benchmarked against a 50% petroleum-reduction target and an 80% GHG-reduction target. We found that with high rates of electrification (40% of miles traveled) the petroleum-reduction benchmark could be satisfied, even with high travel demand growth. The same highly electrified scenarios, however, could not satisfy 80% GHG-reduction targets, even assuming 80% decarbonized electricity and no growth in travel demand. Regardless of precise consumer vehicle preferences, emissions are a function of the total reliance on electricity versus liquid fuels and the corresponding greenhouse gas intensities of both. We found that at a relatively high rate of electrification (40% of miles and 26% by fuel), an 80% GHG reduction could only be achieved with significant quantities of low-carbon liquid fuel in cases with low or moderate travel demand growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Meier
- †Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Keith R Cronin
- †Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ethan A Frost
- †Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Troy M Runge
- †Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- ‡Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bruce E Dale
- §Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Douglas J Reinemann
- †Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- ‡Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer Detlor
- †Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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28
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Pattathil S, Hahn MG, Dale BE, Chundawat SPS. Insights into plant cell wall structure, architecture, and integrity using glycome profiling of native and AFEXTM-pre-treated biomass. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:4279-94. [PMID: 25911738 PMCID: PMC4493783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls, which constitute the bulk of plant biomass, vary considerably in their structure, composition, and architecture. Studies on plant cell walls can be conducted on both native and pre-treated plant biomass samples, allowing an enhanced understanding of these structural and compositional variations. Here glycome profiling was employed to determine the relative abundance of matrix polysaccharides in several phylogenetically distinct native and pre-treated plant biomasses. Eight distinct biomass types belonging to four different subgroups (i.e. monocot grasses, woody dicots, herbaceous dicots, and softwoods) were subjected to various regimes of AFEX™ (ammonia fiber expansion) pre-treatment [AFEX is a trademark of MBI, Lansing (http://www.mbi.org]. This approach allowed detailed analysis of close to 200 cell wall glycan epitopes and their relative extractability using a high-throughput platform. In general, irrespective of the phylogenetic origin, AFEX™ pre-treatment appeared to cause loosening and improved accessibility of various xylan epitope subclasses in most plant biomass materials studied. For most biomass types analysed, such loosening was also evident for other major non-cellulosic components including subclasses of pectin and xyloglucan epitopes. The studies also demonstrate that AFEX™ pre-treatment significantly reduced cell wall recalcitrance among diverse phylogenies (except softwoods) by inducing structural modifications to polysaccharides that were not detectable by conventional gross composition analyses. It was found that monitoring changes in cell wall glycan compositions and their relative extractability for untreated and pre-treated plant biomass can provide an improved understanding of variations in structure and composition of plant cell walls and delineate the role(s) of matrix polysaccharides in cell wall recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shishir P S Chundawat
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Present address: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, C-150A Engineering Building, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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29
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Slininger PJ, Shea-Andersh MA, Thompson SR, Dien BS, Kurtzman CP, Balan V, da Costa Sousa L, Uppugundla N, Dale BE, Cotta MA. Evolved strains of Scheffersomyces stipitis achieving high ethanol productivity on acid- and base-pretreated biomass hydrolyzate at high solids loading. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:60. [PMID: 25878726 PMCID: PMC4397816 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant, renewable feedstock useful for the production of fuel-grade ethanol via the processing steps of pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation. Traditional industrial yeasts do not ferment xylose and are not able to grow, survive, or ferment in concentrated hydrolyzates that contain enough sugar to support economical ethanol recovery since they are laden with toxic byproducts generated during pretreatment. RESULTS Repetitive culturing in two types of concentrated hydrolyzates was applied along with ethanol-challenged xylose-fed continuous culture to force targeted evolution of the native pentose fermenting yeast Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis strain NRRL Y-7124 maintained in the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL. Isolates collected from various enriched populations were screened and ranked based on relative xylose uptake rate and ethanol yield. Ranking on hydrolyzates with and without nutritional supplementation was used to identify those isolates with best performance across diverse conditions. CONCLUSIONS Robust S. stipitis strains adapted to perform very well in enzyme hydrolyzates of high solids loading ammonia fiber expansion-pretreated corn stover (18% weight per volume solids) and dilute sulfuric acid-pretreated switchgrass (20% w/v solids) were obtained. Improved features include reduced initial lag phase preceding growth, significantly enhanced fermentation rates, improved ethanol tolerance and yield, reduced diauxic lag during glucose-xylose transition, and ability to accumulate >40 g/L ethanol in <167 h when fermenting hydrolyzate at low initial cell density of 0.5 absorbance units and pH 5 to 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Slininger
- />Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
| | - Maureen A Shea-Andersh
- />Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
| | - Stephanie R Thompson
- />Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- />Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
| | - Cletus P Kurtzman
- />Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Nirmal Uppugundla
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Michael A Cotta
- />Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
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30
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López CA, Bellesia G, Redondo A, Langan P, Chundawat SPS, Dale BE, Marrink SJ, Gnanakaran S. MARTINI coarse-grained model for crystalline cellulose microfibers. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:465-73. [PMID: 25417548 DOI: 10.1021/jp5105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Commercial-scale biofuel production requires a deep understanding of the structure and dynamics of its principal target: cellulose. However, an accurate description and modeling of this carbohydrate structure at the mesoscale remains elusive, particularly because of its overwhelming length scale and configurational complexity. We have derived a set of MARTINI coarse-grained force field parameters for the simulation of crystalline cellulose fibers. The model is adapted to reproduce different physicochemical and mechanical properties of native cellulose Iβ. The model is able not only to handle a transition from cellulose Iβ to another cellulose allomorph, cellulose IIII, but also to capture the physical response to temperature and mechanical bending of longer cellulose nanofibers. By developing the MARTINI model of a solid cellulose crystalline fiber from the building blocks of a soluble cellobiose coarse-grained model, we have provided a systematic way to build MARTINI models for other crystalline biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A López
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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31
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Abstract
Comparison of cellulosic ethanol and cellulosic lipid production from corn stover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Michigan State University
- Lansing
- USA
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Michigan State University
- Lansing
- USA
| | - Andrea Orjuela
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Michigan State University
- Lansing
- USA
| | | | - Bruce S. Dien
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research
- USDA-ARS
- Peoria
- USA
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Michigan State University
- Lansing
- USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Michigan State University
- Lansing
- USA
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Tang X, da Costa Sousa L, Jin M, Chundawat SPS, Chambliss CK, Lau MW, Xiao Z, Dale BE, Balan V. Designer synthetic media for studying microbial-catalyzed biofuel production. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:1. [PMID: 26339291 PMCID: PMC4311453 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fermentation inhibition of yeast or bacteria by lignocellulose-derived degradation products, during hexose/pentose co-fermentation, is a major bottleneck for cost-effective lignocellulosic biorefineries. To engineer microbial strains for improved performance, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of inhibition that affect fermentative organisms in the presence of major components of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The development of a synthetic lignocellulosic hydrolysate (SH) media with a composition similar to the actual biomass hydrolysate will be an important advancement to facilitate these studies. In this work, we characterized the nutrients and plant-derived decomposition products present in AFEX™ pretreated corn stover hydrolysate (ACH). The SH was formulated based on the ACH composition and was further used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of various families of decomposition products during Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) fermentation. RESULTS The ACH contained high levels of nitrogenous compounds, notably amides, pyrazines, and imidazoles. In contrast, a relatively low content of furans and aromatic and aliphatic acids were found in the ACH. Though most of the families of decomposition products were inhibitory to xylose fermentation, due to their abundance, the nitrogenous compounds showed the most inhibition. From these compounds, amides (products of the ammonolysis reaction) contributed the most to the reduction of the fermentation performance. However, this result is associated to a concentration effect, as the corresponding carboxylic acids (products of hydrolysis) promoted greater inhibition when present at the same molar concentration as the amides. Due to its complexity, the formulated SH did not perfectly match the fermentation profile of the actual hydrolysate, especially the growth curve. However, the SH formulation was effective for studying the inhibitory effect of various compounds on yeast fermentation. CONCLUSIONS The formulation of SHs is an important advancement for future multi-omics studies and for better understanding the mechanisms of fermentation inhibition in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The SH formulated in this work was instrumental for defining the most important inhibitors in the ACH. Major AFEX decomposition products are less inhibitory to yeast fermentation than the products of dilute acid or steam explosion pretreatments; thus, ACH is readily fermentable by yeast without any detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tang
- />Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13 Remin South Road, Chengdu, 610041 P. R. China
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, 48910 USA
| | - Mingjie Jin
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, 48910 USA
| | - Shishir PS Chundawat
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, 48910 USA
- />Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Room C-150A, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | | | - Ming W Lau
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, 48910 USA
| | - Zeyi Xiao
- />School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 P. R. China
| | - Bruce E Dale
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, 48910 USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- />DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, 48910 USA
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Gao D, Haarmeyer C, Balan V, Whitehead TA, Dale BE, Chundawat SPS. Lignin triggers irreversible cellulase loss during pretreated lignocellulosic biomass saccharification. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:175. [PMID: 25530803 PMCID: PMC4272552 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-productive binding of enzymes to lignin is thought to impede the saccharification efficiency of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. Due to a lack of suitable analytical techniques that track binding of individual enzymes within complex protein mixtures and the difficulty in distinguishing the contribution of productive (binding to specific glycans) versus non-productive (binding to lignin) binding of cellulases to lignocellulose, there is currently a poor understanding of individual enzyme adsorption to lignin during the time course of pretreated biomass saccharification. RESULTS In this study, we have utilized an FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography)-based methodology to quantify free Trichoderma reesei cellulases (namely CBH I, CBH II, and EG I) concentration within a complex hydrolyzate mixture during the varying time course of biomass saccharification. Three pretreated corn stover (CS) samples were included in this study: Ammonia Fiber Expansion(a) (AFEX™-CS), dilute acid (DA-CS), and ionic liquid (IL-CS) pretreatments. The relative fraction of bound individual cellulases varied depending not only on the pretreated biomass type (and lignin abundance) but also on the type of cellulase. Acid pretreated biomass had the highest levels of non-recoverable cellulases, while ionic liquid pretreated biomass had the highest overall cellulase recovery. CBH II has the lowest thermal stability among the three T. reesei cellulases tested. By preparing recombinant family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM) fusion proteins, we have shown that family 1 CBMs are highly implicated in the non-productive binding of full-length T. reesei cellulases to lignin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings aid in further understanding the complex mechanisms of non-productive binding of cellulases to pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Developing optimized pretreatment processes with reduced or modified lignin content to minimize non-productive enzyme binding or engineering pretreatment-specific, low-lignin binding cellulases will improve enzyme specific activity, facilitate enzyme recycling, and thereby permit production of cheaper biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Gao
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), MBI Building, 3900 Collins Road, East Lansing, MI 48910 USA
| | - Carolyn Haarmeyer
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), MBI Building, 3900 Collins Road, East Lansing, MI 48910 USA
| | - Timothy A Whitehead
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), MBI Building, 3900 Collins Road, East Lansing, MI 48910 USA
| | - Shishir PS Chundawat
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, 164 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- />Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), MBI Building, 3900 Collins Road, East Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- />Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Room C-150A, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Vismeh R, Lu F, Chundawat SPS, Humpula JF, Azarpira A, Balan V, Dale BE, Ralph J, Jones AD. Profiling of diferulates (plant cell wall cross-linkers) using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 138:6683-92. [PMID: 24040649 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recalcitrance of grasses to enzymatic digestion arises to a significant degree from a complex array of phenolic crosslinks between cell wall polysaccharide chains that inhibit their conversion to biofuels and lower their nutritive value for animal feed applications. Polysaccharide esters of ferulic acid are abundant in plant cell walls. Crosslinks between polysaccharides are formed through oxidative dehydrodimerization of ferulates, producing dehydrodiferulates (henceforth termed diferulates). Such ferulates and diferulates further crosslink plant cell walls by radical coupling cross-reactions during lignification. Although cell wall digestibility can be improved by cell wall metabolic engineering, or post-harvest by various pretreatment processes, a more comprehensive understanding of the role and impact of ferulate crosslinking on polysaccharide hydrolysis would be accelerated by availability of analytical methods that can distinguish the various diferulates released during biomass pretreatments, many of which are isomers. In this report, we present an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) strategy for comprehensive separation and identification of diferulate isomers. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of [M + H](+) ions distinguished various isomers without requiring derivatization. Characteristic product ions for 8-O-4-, 8-8-non-cyclic, 8-8-cyclic, 8-5-cyclic, 8-5-non-cyclic, and 5-5-linked isomers were identified. All diferulates were identified either as di-acids in extracts of NaOH-hydrolyzed corn stover, or as a diverse group of diferulate mono- and di-amides in extracts of Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX™)-treated corn stover. This approach allows for direct analysis of released diferulates with minimal sample preparation, and can serve as the foundation for high-throughput profiling and correlating pretreatment conditions with biomass digestibility in biorefineries producing biofuels and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Vismeh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Dale BE, Anderson JE, Brown RC, Csonka S, Dale VH, Herwick G, Jackson RD, Jordan N, Kaffka S, Kline KL, Lynd LR, Malmstrom C, Ong RG, Richard TL, Taylor C, Wang MQ. Take a closer look: biofuels can support environmental, economic and social goals. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:7200-3. [PMID: 24934084 DOI: 10.1021/es5025433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Dale
- Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Uppugundla N, da Costa Sousa L, Chundawat SPS, Yu X, Simmons B, Singh S, Gao X, Kumar R, Wyman CE, Dale BE, Balan V. A comparative study of ethanol production using dilute acid, ionic liquid and AFEX™ pretreated corn stover. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:72. [PMID: 24917886 PMCID: PMC4050221 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a biorefinery producing cellulosic biofuels, biomass pretreatment will significantly influence the efficacy of enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Comparison of different biomass pretreatment techniques by studying the impact of pretreatment on downstream operations at industrially relevant conditions and performing comprehensive mass balances will help focus attention on necessary process improvements, and thereby help reduce the cost of biofuel production. RESULTS An on-going collaboration between the three US Department of Energy (DOE) funded bioenergy research centers (Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) and BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)) has given us a unique opportunity to compare the performance of three pretreatment processes, notably dilute acid (DA), ionic liquid (IL) and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX(TM)), using the same source of corn stover. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was carried out using various combinations of commercially available enzymes and engineered yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A) strain. The optimal commercial enzyme combination (Ctec2: Htec2: Multifect Pectinase, percentage total protein loading basis) was evaluated for each pretreatment with a microplate-based assay using milled pretreated solids at 0.2% glucan loading and 15 mg total protein loading/g of glucan. The best enzyme combinations were 67:33:0 for DA, 39:33:28 for IL and 67:17:17 for AFEX. The amounts of sugar (kg) (glucose: xylose: total gluco- and xylo-oligomers) per 100 kg of untreated corn stover produced after 72 hours of 6% glucan loading enzymatic hydrolysis were: DA (25:2:2), IL (31:15:2) and AFEX (26:13:7). Additionally, the amounts of ethanol (kg) produced per 100 kg of untreated corn stover and the respective ethanol metabolic yield (%) achieved with exogenous nutrient supplemented fermentations were: DA (14.0, 92.0%), IL (21.2, 93.0%) and AFEX (20.5, 95.0%), respectively. The reason for lower ethanol yield for DA is because most of the xylose produced during the pretreatment was removed and not converted to ethanol during fermentation. CONCLUSIONS Compositional analysis of the pretreated biomass solids showed no significant change in composition for AFEX treated corn stover, while about 85% of hemicellulose was solubilized after DA pretreatment, and about 90% of lignin was removed after IL pretreatment. As expected, the optimal commercial enzyme combination was different for the solids prepared by different pretreatment technologies. Due to loss of nutrients during the pretreatment and washing steps, DA and IL pretreated hydrolysates required exogenous nutrient supplementation to ferment glucose and xylose efficiently, while AFEX pretreated hydrolysate did not require nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Uppugundla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shishir PS Chundawat
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiurong Yu
- Jilin TuoPai Agriculture Products Development Ltd, Jilin, China
| | - Blake Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological and Material Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological and Material Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Xiadi Gao
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Charles E Wyman
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Zhong C, Zhou Z, Zhang YM, Jia SR, Sun Z, Dale BE. Integrating kinetics with thermodynamics to study the alkaline extraction of protein fromCaragana korshinskiiKom. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1801-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
- School of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
- School of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
- School of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
- School of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
- School of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
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Sarks C, Jin M, Sato TK, Balan V, Dale BE. Studying the rapid bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars into ethanol using high cell density fermentations with cell recycle. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:73. [PMID: 24847379 PMCID: PMC4026590 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycle Technology (RaBIT) process reduces capital costs, processing times, and biocatalyst cost for biochemical conversion of cellulosic biomass to biofuels by reducing total bioprocessing time (enzymatic hydrolysis plus fermentation) to 48 h, increasing biofuel productivity (g/L/h) twofold, and recycling biocatalysts (enzymes and microbes) to the next cycle. To achieve these results, RaBIT utilizes 24-h high cell density fermentations along with cell recycling to solve the slow/incomplete xylose fermentation issue, which is critical for lignocellulosic biofuel fermentations. Previous studies utilizing similar fermentation conditions showed a decrease in xylose consumption when recycling cells into the next fermentation cycle. Eliminating this decrease is critical for RaBIT process effectiveness for high cycle counts. RESULTS Nine different engineered microbial strains (including Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis strains, Zymomonas mobilis 8b, and Escherichia coli KO11) were tested under RaBIT platform fermentations to determine their suitability for this platform. Fermentation conditions were then optimized for S. cerevisiae GLBRCY128. Three different nutrient sources (corn steep liquor, yeast extract, and wheat germ) were evaluated to improve xylose consumption by recycled cells. Capacitance readings were used to accurately measure viable cell mass profiles over five cycles. CONCLUSION The results showed that not all strains are capable of effectively performing the RaBIT process. Acceptable performance is largely correlated to the specific xylose consumption rate. Corn steep liquor was found to reduce the deleterious impacts of cell recycle and improve specific xylose consumption rates. The viable cell mass profiles indicated that reduction in specific xylose consumption rate, not a drop in viable cell mass, was the main cause for decreasing xylose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Sarks
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Trey K Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Gao X, Kumar R, Singh S, Simmons BA, Balan V, Dale BE, Wyman CE. Comparison of enzymatic reactivity of corn stover solids prepared by dilute acid, AFEX™, and ionic liquid pretreatments. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:71. [PMID: 24910713 PMCID: PMC4029885 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment is essential to realize high product yields from biological conversion of naturally recalcitrant cellulosic biomass, with thermochemical pretreatments often favored for cost and performance. In this study, enzymatic digestion of solids from dilute sulfuric acid (DA), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™), and ionic liquid (IL) thermochemical pretreatments of corn stover were followed over time for the same range of total enzyme protein loadings to provide comparative data on glucose and xylose yields of monomers and oligomers from the pretreated solids. The composition of pretreated solids and enzyme adsorption on each substrate were also measured to determine. The extent glucose release could be related to these features. RESULTS Corn stover solids from pretreatment by DA, AFEX, and IL were enzymatically digested over a range of low to moderate loadings of commercial cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase enzyme mixtures, the proportions of which had been previously optimized for each pretreatment. Avicel® cellulose, regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), and beechwood xylan were also subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis as controls. Yields of glucose and xylose and their oligomers were followed for times up to 120 hours, and enzyme adsorption was measured. IL pretreated corn stover displayed the highest initial glucose yields at all enzyme loadings and the highest final yield for a low enzyme loading of 3 mg protein/g glucan in the raw material. However, increasing the enzyme loading to 12 mg/g glucan or more resulted in DA pretreated corn stover attaining the highest longer-term glucose yields. Hydrolyzate from AFEX pretreated corn stover had the highest proportion of xylooligomers, while IL produced the most glucooligomers. However, the amounts of both oligomers dropped with increasing enzyme loadings and hydrolysis times. IL pretreated corn stover had the highest enzyme adsorption capacity. CONCLUSIONS Initial hydrolysis yields were highest for substrates with greater lignin removal, a greater degree of change in cellulose crystallinity, and high enzyme accessibility. Final glucose yields could not be clearly related to concentrations of xylooligomers released from xylan during hydrolysis. Overall, none of these factors could completely account for differences in enzymatic digestion performance of solids produced by AFEX, DA, and IL pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiadi Gao
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California (UCR), Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, MBI Building, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, MBI Building, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Charles E Wyman
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California (UCR), Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
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Humpula JF, Uppugundla N, Vismeh R, Sousa L, Chundawat SPS, Jones AD, Balan V, Dale BE, Cheh AM. Probing the nature of AFEX-pretreated corn stover derived decomposition products that inhibit cellulase activity. Bioresour Technol 2014; 152:38-45. [PMID: 24275024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sequential fractionation of AFEX-pretreated corn stover extracts was carried out using ultra-centrifugation, ultra-filtration, and solid phase extraction to isolate various classes of pretreatment products to evaluate their inhibitory effect on cellulases. Ultra-centrifugation removed dark brown precipitates that caused no appreciable enzyme inhibition. Ultra-filtration of ultra-centrifuged AFEX-pretreated corn stover extractives using a 10 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membrane removed additional high molecular weight components that accounted for 24-28% of the total observed enzyme inhibition while a 3 kDa MWCO membrane removed 60-65%, suggesting significant inhibition is caused by oligomeric materials. Solid phase extraction (SPE) of AFEX-pretreated corn stover extractives after ultra-centrifugation removed 34-43% of the inhibition; ultra-filtration with a 5 kDa membrane removed 44-56% of the inhibition and when this ultra-filtrate was subjected to SPE a total of 69-70% of the inhibition were removed. Mass spectrometry found several phenolic compounds among the hydrophobic inhibition removed by SPE adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Humpula
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nirmal Uppugundla
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ramin Vismeh
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leonardo Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shishir P S Chundawat
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Albert M Cheh
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Jin M, Bothfeld W, Austin S, Sato TK, La Reau A, Li H, Foston M, Gunawan C, LeDuc RD, Quensen JF, Mcgee M, Uppugundla N, Higbee A, Ranatunga R, Donald CW, Bone G, Ragauskas AJ, Tiedje JM, Noguera DR, Dale BE, Zhang Y, Balan V. Effect of storage conditions on the stability and fermentability of enzymatic lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol 2013; 147:212-220. [PMID: 23999256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To minimize the change of lignocellulosic hydrolysate composition during storage, the effects of storage conditions (temperature, pH and time) on the composition and fermentability of hydrolysate prepared from AFEX™ (Ammonia Fiber Expansion - a trademark of MBI, Lansing, MI) pretreated corn stover were investigated. Precipitates formed during hydrolysate storage increased with increasing storage pH and time. The precipitate amount was the least when hydrolysate was stored at 4 °C and pH 4.8, accounting for only 0.02% of the total hydrolysate weight after 3-month storage. No significant changes of NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectra and concentrations of sugars, minerals and heavy metals were observed after storage under this condition. When pH was adjusted higher before fermentation, precipitates also formed, consisting of mostly struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) and brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O). Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation studies and yeast cell growth assays showed no significant difference in fermentability between fresh hydrolysate and stored hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - William Bothfeld
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Samantha Austin
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Trey K Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Alex La Reau
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Haibo Li
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Marcus Foston
- DOE BioEnergy Science Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Christa Gunawan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Richard D LeDuc
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - John F Quensen
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 540 Plant and Soil Science Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Mick Mcgee
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nirmal Uppugundla
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Alan Higbee
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Ruwan Ranatunga
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Charles W Donald
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Gwen Bone
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- DOE BioEnergy Science Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 540 Plant and Soil Science Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Yaoping Zhang
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Bals BD, Gunawan C, Moore J, Teymouri F, Dale BE. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pelletized AFEX™-treated corn stover at high solid loadings. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:264-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Bals
- MBI; 3815 Technology Boulevard Lansing Michigan 48910-8596
| | - Christa Gunawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
| | - Janette Moore
- MBI; 3815 Technology Boulevard Lansing Michigan 48910-8596
| | | | - Bruce E. Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University; Lansing Michigan
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
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Wang X, Jin M, Balan V, Jones AD, Li X, Li BZ, Dale BE, Yuan YJ. Comparative metabolic profiling revealed limitations in xylose-fermenting yeast during co-fermentation of glucose and xylose in the presence of inhibitors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:152-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL); Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University; 3900 Collins Road MBI International Building Lansing Michigan 48910
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL); Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University; 3900 Collins Road MBI International Building Lansing Michigan 48910
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL); Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University; 3900 Collins Road MBI International Building Lansing Michigan 48910
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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Vismeh R, Humpula JF, Chundawat SP, Balan V, Dale BE, Jones AD. Profiling of soluble neutral oligosaccharides from treated biomass using solid phase extraction and LC–TOF MS. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:791-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu ZH, Qin L, Jin MJ, Pang F, Li BZ, Kang Y, Dale BE, Yuan YJ. Evaluation of storage methods for the conversion of corn stover biomass to sugars based on steam explosion pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2013; 132:5-15. [PMID: 23395737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dry and wet storage methods without or with shredding on the conversion of corn stover biomass were investigated using steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugar conversions and yields for wet stored biomass were obviously higher than those for dry stored biomass. Shredding reduced sugar conversions compared with non-shredding, but increased sugar yields. Glucan conversion and glucose yield for non-shredded wet stored biomass reached 91.5% and 87.6% after 3-month storage, respectively. Data of micro-structure and crystallinity of biomass indicated that corn stover biomass maintained the flexible and porous structure after wet storage, and hence led to the high permeability of corn stover biomass and the high efficiency of pretreatment and hydrolysis. Therefore, the wet storage methods would be desirable for the conversion of corn stover biomass to fermentable sugars based on steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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Egbendewe-Mondzozo A, Swinton SM, Bals BD, Dale BE. Can dispersed biomass processing protect the environment and cover the bottom line for biofuel? Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:1695-1703. [PMID: 23259686 DOI: 10.1021/es303829w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares environmental and profitability outcomes for a centralized biorefinery for cellulosic ethanol that does all processing versus a biorefinery linked to a decentralized array of local depots that pretreat biomass into concentrated briquettes. The analysis uses a spatial bioeconomic model that maximizes profit from crop and energy products, subject to the requirement that the biorefinery must be operated at full capacity. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients simulated with the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model as well as market input and output prices, spatial transportation costs, ethanol yields from biomass, and biorefinery capital and operational costs. The model was applied to 82 cropping systems simulated across 37 subwatersheds in a 9-county region of southern Michigan in response to ethanol prices simulated to rise from $1.78 to $3.36 per gallon. Results show that the decentralized local biomass processing depots lead to lower profitability but better environmental performance, due to more reliance on perennial grasses than the centralized biorefinery. Simulated technological improvement that reduces the processing cost and increases the ethanol yield of switchgrass by 17% could cause a shift to more processing of switchgrass, with increased profitability and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklesso Egbendewe-Mondzozo
- Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) & Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC), Corso Magenta, 63, 20123 Milan, Italy.
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Culbertson A, Jin M, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Balan V. In-house cellulase production from AFEX™ pretreated corn stover using Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44847a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Harun S, Balan V, Takriff MS, Hassan O, Jahim J, Dale BE. Performance of AFEX™ pretreated rice straw as source of fermentable sugars: the influence of particle size. Biotechnol Biofuels 2013; 6:40. [PMID: 23514037 PMCID: PMC3648367 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely believed that reducing the lignocellulosic biomass particle size would improve the biomass digestibility by increasing the total surface area and eliminating mass and heat transfer limitation during hydrolysis reactions. However, past studies demonstrate that particle size influences biomass digestibility to a limited extent. Thus, this paper studies the effect of particle size (milled: 2 mm, 5 mm, cut: 2 cm and 5 cm) on rice straw conversion. Two different Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) pretreament conditions, AFEX C1 (low severity) and AFEX C2 (high severity) are used to pretreat the rice straw (named as AC1RS and AC2RS substrates respectively) at different particle size. RESULTS Hydrolysis of AC1RS substrates showed declining sugar conversion trends as the size of milled and cut substrates increased. Hydrolysis of AC2RS substrates demonstrated opposite conversion trends between milled and cut substrates. Increasing the glucan loading to 6% during hydrolysis reduced the sugar conversions significantly in most of AC1RS and AC2RS except for AC1RS-2 mm and AC2RS-5 cm. Both AC1RS-2 mm and AC2RS-5 cm indicated gradual decreasing trends in sugar conversion at high glucan loading. Analysis of SEM imaging for URS and AFEX pretreated rice straw also indicated qualitative agreement with the experimental data of hydrolysis. The largest particle size, AC2RS-5 cm produced the highest sugar yield of 486.12 g/kg of rice straw during hydrolysis at 6% glucan loading equivalent to 76.0% of total theoretical maximum sugar yield, with an average conversion of 85.9% from total glucan and xylan. In contrast, AC1RS-5 cm gave the lowest sugar yield with only 107.6 g/kg of rice straw, about 16.8% of total theoretical maximum sugar yield, and equivalent to one-quarter of AC2RS-5 cm sugar yield. CONCLUSIONS The larger cut rice straw particles (5 cm) significantly demonstrated higher sugar conversion when compared to small particles during enzymatic hydrolysis when treated using high severity AFEX conditions. Analysis of SEM imaging positively supported the interpretation of the experimental hydrolysis trend and kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhaida Harun
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Mohd Sobri Takriff
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia
| | - Osman Hassan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah Jahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
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Jin M, Sarks C, Gunawan C, Bice BD, Simonett SP, Avanasi Narasimhan R, Willis LB, Dale BE, Balan V, Sato TK. Phenotypic selection of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of AFEX™ pretreated corn stover. Biotechnol Biofuels 2013; 6:108. [PMID: 23890073 PMCID: PMC3729497 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) process involves enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass and fermentation of glucose and xylose in one bioreactor. The optimal temperatures for enzymatic hydrolysis are higher than the standard fermentation temperature of ethanologenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, degradation products resulting from biomass pretreatment impair fermentation of sugars, especially xylose, and can synergize with high temperature stress. One approach to resolve both concerns is to utilize a strain background with innate tolerance to both elevated temperatures and degradation products. RESULTS In this study, we screened a panel of 108 wild and domesticated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from a wide range of environmental niches. One wild strain was selected based on its growth tolerance to simultaneous elevated temperature and AFEX™ (Ammonia Fiber Expansion) degradation products. After engineering the strain with two copies of the Scheffersomyces stipitis xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase genes, we compared the ability of this engineered strain to the benchmark 424A(LNH-ST) strain in ethanol production and xylose fermentation in standard lab medium and AFEX pretreated corn stover (ACS) hydrolysates, as well as in SSCF of ACS at different temperatures. In SSCF of 9% (w/w) glucan loading ACS at 35°C, the engineered strain showed higher cell viabilities and produced a similar amount of ethanol (51.3 g/L) compared to the benchmark 424A(LNH-ST) strain. CONCLUSION These results validate our approach in the selection of wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with thermo-tolerance and degradation products tolerance properties for lignocellulosic biofuel production. The wild and domesticated yeast strains phenotyped in this work are publically available for others to use as genetic backgrounds for fermentation of their pretreated biomass at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Cory Sarks
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christa Gunawan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin D Bice
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Shane P Simonett
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ragothaman Avanasi Narasimhan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Laura B Willis
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Trey K Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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50
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Jin M, Gunawan C, Balan V, Yu X, Dale BE. Continuous SSCF of AFEX™ pretreated corn stover for enhanced ethanol productivity using commercial enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST). Biotechnol Bioeng 2012. [PMID: 23192401 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High productivity processes are critical for commercial production of cellulosic ethanol. One high productivity process-continuous hydrolysis and fermentation-has been applied in corn ethanol industry. However, little research related to this process has been conducted on cellulosic ethanol production. Here, we report and compare the kinetics of both batch SHF (separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation) and SSCF (simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation) of AFEX™ (Ammonia Fiber Expansion) pretreated corn stover (AFEX™-CS). Subsequently, we designed a SSCF process to evaluate continuous hydrolysis and fermentation performance on AFEX™-CS in a series of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Based on similar sugar to ethanol conversions (around 80% glucose-to-ethanol conversion and 47% xylose-to-ethanol conversion), the overall process ethanol productivity for continuous SSCF was 2.3- and 1.8-fold higher than batch SHF and SSCF, respectively. Slow xylose fermentation and high concentrations of xylose oligomers were the major factors limiting further enhancement of productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
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