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Terasawat A, Phoolphundh S. Simultaneous Biological Pretreatment and Saccharification of Rice Straw by Ligninolytic Enzymes from Panus neostrigosus I9 and Commercial Cellulase. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:853. [PMID: 34682275 PMCID: PMC8537424 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of rice straw for biofuel production is limited by its composition. The pretreatment process is required to improve the enzymatic accessibility of polysaccharides in the biomass prior to enzymatic saccharification. In this study, simultaneous biological pretreatment and saccharification (SPS) of rice straw starting from laccase production by Panus neostrigosus I9 was operated in a 2-L fermenter. It was found that fungal physiology was strongly influenced by the agitation, and that the highest laccase production was obtained at an agitation speed of 750 rpm (209.96 ± 0.34 U/L). The dilution rate of 0.05 h-1 was set in continuous fermentation which resulted in laccase activity of 678.49 ± 20.39 U/L, approximately three times higher than that in batch culture. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to achieve the condition for maximum percentage of delignification. The maximum percentage of delignification of 45.55% was accomplished after pretreatment of rice straw with laccase enzyme 39.40 U/g rice straw at 43.70 °C for 11.19 h. Reducing sugar of 3.85 ± 0.15 g/L was obtained from the digested rice straw in a SPS reactor, while non-pretreated rice straw gave only 1.13 ± 0.10 g/L within 12 h of incubation. The results indicated that simultaneous biological pretreatment and saccharification (SPS) of rice straw by laccase helped to improve the accessibility of cellulose by cellulolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivawan Phoolphundh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-Uthid Road, Bang Mod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
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Chattopadhyay A, Maiti MK. Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:1-98. [PMID: 34353502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production has been studied extensively for years; however, lipid metabolic engineering in many of the extraordinarily high lipid-accumulating yeasts was impeded by inadequate understanding of the metabolic pathways including regulatory mechanisms defining their oleaginicity and the limited genetic tools available. The aim of this review is to highlight the prominent oleaginous yeast genera, emphasizing their oleaginous characteristics, in conjunction with diverse other features such as cheap carbon source utilization, withstanding the effect of inhibitory compounds, commercially favorable fatty acid composition-all supporting their future development as economically viable lipid feedstock. The unique aspects of metabolism attributing to their oleaginicity are accentuated in the pretext of outlining the various strategies successfully implemented to improve the production of lipid and lipid-derived metabolites. A large number of in silico data generated on the lipid accumulation in certain oleaginous yeasts have been carefully curated, as suggestive evidences in line with the exceptional oleaginicity of these organisms. The different genetic elements developed in these yeasts to execute such strategies have been scrupulously inspected, underlining the major types of newly-found and synthetically constructed promoters, transcription terminators, and selection markers. Additionally, there is a plethora of advanced genetic toolboxes and techniques described, which have been successfully used in oleaginous yeasts in the recent years, promoting homologous recombination, genome editing, DNA assembly, and transformation at remarkable efficiencies. They can accelerate and effectively guide the rational designing of system-wide metabolic engineering approaches pinpointing the key targets for developing industrially suitable yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Wannawilai S, Jeennor S, Khongto B, Laoteng K. Exploring differential traits of lipid-producing stages of the wild type and morphologically engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae by comparative kinetic modeling. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:183. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Morphologically engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae as a cell chassis for production development of functional lipids. Gene 2019; 718:144073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lin L, Sun Z, Li J, Chen Y, Liu Q, Sun W, Tian C. Disruption of gul-1 decreased the culture viscosity and improved protein secretion in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:96. [PMID: 29908565 PMCID: PMC6004096 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa is considered a potential host for enzyme and bioethanol production. However, large scale applications are hindered by its filamentous growth. Although previous investigations have shown that mycelial morphology in submerged culture can be controlled by altering physical factors, there is little knowledge available about the potential for morphology control by genetic modification. RESULTS In this study, we screened morphological mutants in the filamentous fungus N. crassa. Of the 90 morphological mutants screened, 14 mutants exhibited considerably higher viscosity compared with that of the wild type strain, and only two mutants showed low-viscosity morphologies in submerged culture. We observed that disruption of gul-1 (NCU01197), which encodes an mRNA binding protein involved in cell wall remodeling, caused pellet formation as the fermentation progressed, and resulted in the most significant decrease in viscosity of culture broth. Moreover, over-expression of gul-1 caused dramatically increased viscosity, suggesting that the gul-1 had an important function in mycelial morphology during submerged cultivation. Transcriptional profiling showed that expression of genes encoding eight GPI-anchored cell wall proteins was lowered in Δgul-1 while expression of genes associated with two non-anchored cell wall proteins was elevated. Meanwhile, the expression levels of two hydrophobin genes were also significantly altered. These results suggested that GUL-1 affected the transcription of cell wall-related genes, thereby influencing cell wall structure and mycelial morphology. Additionally, the deletion of gul-1 caused increased protein secretion, probably due to a defect in cell wall integrity, suggesting this as an alternative strategy of strain improvement for enzyme production. To confirm practical applications, deletion of gul-1 in the hyper-cellulase producing strain (∆ncw-1∆Ncap3m) significantly reduced the viscosity of culture broth. CONCLUSIONS Using the model filamentous fungus N. crassa, genes that affect mycelial morphology in submerged culture were explored through systematic screening of morphological mutants. Disrupting several candidate genes altered viscosities in submerged culture. This work provides an example for controlling fungal morphology in submerged fermentation by genetic engineering, and will be beneficial for industrial fungal strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
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Cheba BA, Zaghloul TI, El-Mahdy AR, El-Massry MH. Effect of nitrogen sources and fermentation conditions on bacillus sp. R2 chitinase production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang A, Gao C, Chen K, Wei C, Ouyang P. Enhanced chitinase production by Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 using staged pH control. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 62:126-31. [PMID: 27246535 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The pH of a microbiological culture is important for both cell growth and chitinase accumulation, but the optimal pH is not normally the same for both. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pH on chitinase production by Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis strain SYBC-H1 (ATCC BAA-2140) in a mineral medium. The results of batch culture at different pH values showed that the optimum pH for cell growth and chitinase production varied with time, although KOH produced the best results for cell growth and chitinase production, NaOH was chosen because of cost considerations. We designed a three-stage pH control strategy using NaOH as the neutralizing agent. Maximum cell growth (1.07 g dry cell weight/l) and maximum chitinase activity (13.6 U/ml) were observed after culture at 26°C for 72 h in a mineral medium. These values were greater by 129% and 162%, respectively, and the length of time to attain maximum chitinase activity was decreased by 12 h, compared with results from an earlier study (Hao et al., 2011b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University
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Al-Shorgani NKN, Shukor H, Abdeshahian P, Mohd Nazir MY, Kalil MS, Hamid AA, Wan Yusoff WM. Process optimization of butanol production by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) using palm oil mill effluent in acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dashti MG, Abdeshahian P. Batch culture and repeated-batch culture of Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 for lipid production as a comparative study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:172-80. [PMID: 26980997 PMCID: PMC4778519 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was performed based on a comparative study on fungal lipid production by a locally isolated strain Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 in batch culture and repeated-batch culture using a nitrogen-limited medium. Lipid production in the batch culture was conducted to study the effect of different agitation rates on the simultaneous consumption of ammonium tartrate and glucose sources. Lipid production in the repeated-batch culture was studied by considering the effect of harvesting time and harvesting volume of the culture broth on the lipid accumulation. The batch cultivation was carried out in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml of the fresh nitrogen-limited medium. Microbial culture was incubated at 30 °C under different agitation rates of 120, 180 and 250 rpm for 120 h. The repeated-batch culture was performed at three harvesting times of 12, 24 and 48 h using four harvesting cultures of 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%. Experimental results revealed that nitrogen source (ammonium tartrate) was fully utilized by C. bainieri 2A1 within 24 h in all agitation rates tested. It was also observed that a high amount of glucose in culture medium was consumed by C. bainieri 2A1 at 250 rpm agitation speed during the batch fermentation. Similar results showed that the highest lipid concentration of 2.96 g/L was obtained at an agitation rate of 250 rpm at 120 h cultivation time with the maximum lipid productivity of 7.0 × 10(-2) mg/ml/h. On the other hand, experimental results showed that the highest lipid concentration produced in the repeated-batch culture was 3.30 g/L at the first cycle of 48 h harvesting time using 70% harvesting volume, while 0.23 g/L gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was produced at the last cycle of 48 h harvesting time using 80% harvesting volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ganjali Dashti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Enteric Diseases Research Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Peyman Abdeshahian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
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Wang S, Li P, Su J, Liang R, Wu X. Enhanced Glucosamine Production with Actinomucor elegans Based on Stimulating Factor of Methanol. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:459-65. [PMID: 25320446 PMCID: PMC4186940 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a major and valuable component in the cell wall of fungi. In this study, the cell wall was treated via a two-stage alkali and acid process, and chitin and chitosan were fully deacetylated, partially depolymerized, and converted to GlcN oligosaccharides. Then, the oligosaccharides were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The influences of Actinomucor elegans on GlcN production in a flask culture were investigated to achieve an optimum yield of GlcN. The experimental result showed that cultivation in condition of pH 6.0, 100 mL working volume (500 mL flask), 10 % (v/v) inoculum concentration, at 28 °C and 200 rpm for 6 days yielded highest dry cell weight (DCW) which was 23.43 g L(-1), with a GlcN concentration of 5.12 g L(-1). Methanol as stimulating factor was found to exert the best effect in concentration of 1.5 % (v/v). With addition of methanol into medium, the DCW increased from 23.69 to 32.42 g L(-1), leading to maximum GlcN concentration of 6.85 g L(-1) obtained. Here, the methanol addition may be useful for industrial production of GlcN, and may also be meaningful for the production of other fine chemicals by filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Food and Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Piwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Food and Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Jing Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Food and Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Food and Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Food and Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353 China
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Cai M, Zhang Y, Hu W, Shen W, Yu Z, Zhou W, Jiang T, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Genetically shaping morphology of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus glaucus for production of antitumor polyketide aspergiolide A. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:73. [PMID: 24886193 PMCID: PMC4039328 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For filamentous fungi, the basic growth unit of hyphae usually makes it sensitive to shear stress which is generated from mechanical force and dynamic fluid in bioreactor, and it severely decreases microbial productions. The conventional strategies against shear-sensitive conundrum in fungal fermentation usually focus on adapting agitation, impeller type and bioreactor configuration, which brings high cost and tough work in industry. This study aims to genetically shape shear resistant morphology of shear-sensitive filamentous fungus Aspergillus glaucus to make it adapt to bioreactor so as to establish an efficient fermentation process. RESULTS Hyphal morphology shaping by modifying polarized growth genes of A. glaucus was applied to reduce its shear-sensitivity and enhance aspergiolide A production. Degenerate PCR and genome walking were used to obtain polarized growth genes AgkipA and AgteaR, followed by construction of gene-deficient mutants by homologous integration of double crossover. Deletion of both genes caused meandering hyphae, for which, ΔAgkipA led to small but intense curves comparing with ΔAgteaR by morphology analysis. The germination of a second germ tube from conidiospore of the mutants became random while colony growth and development almost maintained the same. Morphology of ΔAgkipA and ΔAgteaR mutants turned to be compact pellet and loose clump in liquid culture, respectively. The curved hyphae of both mutants showed no remarkably resistant to glass bead grinding comparing with the wild type strain. However, they generated greatly different broth rheology which further caused growth and metabolism variations in bioreactor fermentations. By forming pellets, the ΔAgkipA mutant created a tank environment with low-viscosity, low shear stress and high dissolved oxygen tension, leading to high production of aspergiolide A (121.7 ± 2.3 mg/L), which was 82.2% higher than the wild type. CONCLUSIONS A new strategy for shaping fungal morphology by modifying polarized growth genes was applied in submerged fermentation in bioreactor. This work provides useful information of shaping fungal morphology for submerged fermentation by genetically modification, which could be valuable for morphology improvement of industrial filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Saat MN, Annuar MSM, Alias Z, Chuan LT, Chisti Y. Modeling of growth and laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:765-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inokuma K, Takano M, Hoshino K. Direct ethanol production from N-acetylglucosamine and chitin substrates by Mucor species. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fenice M, Barghini P, Selbmann L, Federici F. Combined effects of agitation and aeration on the chitinolytic enzymes production by the Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:12. [PMID: 22270226 PMCID: PMC3310808 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003 is one of the most powerful chitinolytic organisms. It can produce high level of chitinolytic enzymes in a wide range of temperatures (5-30°C). Chitinolytic enzymes have lot of applications but their industrial production is still rather limited and no cold-active enzymes are produced. In view of massive production of L. muscarium chitinolytic enzymes, its cultivation in bioreactors is mandatory. Microbial cultivation and/or their metabolite production in bioreactors are sometime not possible and must be verified and optimized for possible exploitation. Agitation and aeration are the most important parameters in order to allow process up-scaling to the industrial level. Results In this study, submerged cultures of L. muscarium CCFEE 5003 were carried out in a 2-L bench-top CSTR bioreactor in order to optimise the production of chitinolytic enzymes. The effect of stirrer speed (range 200-500 rpm) and aeration rate (range 0.5-1.5 vvm) combination was studied, by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in a medium containing 1.0% yeast nitrogen base and 1% colloidal chitin. Optimization was carried out, within a "quadratic D-optimal" model, using quantitative and quantitative-multilevel factors for aeration and agitation, respectively. The model showed very good correlation parameters (R2, 0.931; Q2, 0.869) and the maximum of activity (373.0 U/L) was predicted at ca. 327 rpm and 1.1 vvm. However, the experimental data showed that highest activity (383.7 ± 7.8 U/L) was recorded at 1 vvm and 300 rpm. Evident shear effect caused by stirrer speed and, partially, by high aeration rates were observed. Under optimized conditions in bioreactor the fungus was able to produce a higher number of chitinolytic enzymes than those released in shaken flasks. In addition, production was 23% higher. Conclusions This work demonstrated the attitude of L. muscarium CCFEE 5003 to grow in bench-top bioreactor; outlined the strong influence of aeration and agitation on its growth and enzyme production and identified the optimal conditions for possible production at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Fenice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo Università snc, University of Tuscia, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Shantini K, Yahya ARM, Amirul AA. Empirical modeling development for integrated process optimization of poly(3-hydrxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Loc NH, Quang HT, Hung NB, Huy ND, Phuong TTB, Ha TTT. Trichoderma asperellumChi42 Genes Encode Chitinase. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:182-6. [PMID: 22783101 PMCID: PMC3385114 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2011.39.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Four Trichoderma strains (CH2, SH16, PQ34, and TN42) were isolated from soil samples collected from Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam. The strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. Strain PQ34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these strains indicated that they were Trichoderma asperellum. The molecular weights of the chitinases were approximately 42 kDa. Chitinase genes (chi42) of T. asperellum strains TN42, CH2, SH16, and PQ34 were 98~99% homologous to the ech42 gene of T. harzianum CB-Pin-01 (accession No. DQ166036). The deduced amino acid sequences of both T. asperellum strains SH16 and TN42 shared 100% similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Biotechnology, Hue University, 27 Phan Dinh Phung St., Hue, Vietnam
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Maneeboon T, Vanichsriratana W, Pomchaitaward C, Kitpreechavanich V. Optimization of Lactic Acid Production by Pellet-Form Rhizopus oryzae in 3-L Airlift Bioreactor Using Response Surface Methodology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 161:137-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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