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Chen Y, Zhang R, Zhang W, Xu Y. Alanine aminopeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis E7 expressed in Bacillus subtilis efficiently hydrolyzes soy protein to small peptides and free amino acids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Prolyl aminopeptidases: Reclassification, properties, production and industrial applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nandan A, Nampoothiri KM. Therapeutic and biotechnological applications of substrate specific microbial aminopeptidases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5243-5257. [PMID: 32342144 PMCID: PMC7186005 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.) belongs to exoprotease family, which can catalyze the cleavage of peptide bond which connects the N-terminal amino acid to the penultimate residue in a protein. Aminopeptidases catalyze the process of removal of the N-terminal amino acids of target substrates by sequential cleavage of one amino acid residue at a time. Microbial aminopeptidase are of great acceptance as industrial enzymes with varying applications in food and pharma industry since these enzymes possess unique characteristics than aminopeptidases from other sources. This review describes the various applications of microbial aminopeptidases in different industrial sectors. These enzymes are widely used in food industry as a debittering agent as well as in the preparation of protein hydrolysates. In baking, brewing, and cheese making aminopeptidases are extensively used for removing the bitterness of peptides. The inhibitors of these enzymes are found great clinical applications against various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and viral infections. Aminopeptidases are widely used for the synthesis of biopeptides and amino acids, and found to be efficient than chemical synthesis. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing organophosphate compounds, thus having biological as well as environmental significance.Key Points • Cleaves the amino-terminal amino acid residues from proteins and peptides. • Microbial aminopeptidase are of great acceptance as both therapeutic and industrial enzyme. • Review describes the potential applications of microbial aminopeptidases. |
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nandan
- Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial processing Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India.
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Liu D, Zhang D, Huang Q, Gu L, Zhou N, Tian Y. Mutagenesis for Improvement of Activity and Stability of Prolyl Aminopeptidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1483-1498. [PMID: 32125650 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the prokaryotic expression system of Escherichia coli was used to modify prolyl aminopeptidase derived from Aspergillus oryzae JN-412 (AoPAP) via random mutagenesis and site-directed saturation mutagenesis. A random mutant library with a capacity of approximately 3000 mutants was compiled using error-prone polymerase chain reaction, and nonconservative amino acids within 3 Å of the substrate L-proline-p-nitroaniline were selected as site-directed saturation mutagenesis sites via homologous simulation and molecular docking of AoPAP. Variants featuring high catalytic efficiency were screened by a high-throughput screening method. The specific activities of the variants of 3D9, C185V, and Y393W were 127 U mg-1, 156 U mg-1, and 120 U mg-1, respectively, which were 27%, 56%, and 20% higher than those of the wild type, with a value of 100 U mg-1. The half-life of thermostability of the mutant 3D9 was 4.5 h longer than that of the wild type at 50 °C. The mutant C185V improved thermostability and had a half-life 2 h longer than that of the wild type at a pH of 6.5. Prolyl aminopeptidase had improved stability within the acidic range and thermostability after modification, making it more suitable for a synergistic combination with various acidic and neutral endoproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lili Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Nandi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yaping Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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5
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Liu X, Zhang QY, Wang F, Jiang JH. A near infrared fluorescent probe for the detection and imaging of prolyl aminopeptidase activity in living cells. Analyst 2020; 144:5980-5985. [PMID: 31531498 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl aminopeptidase (PAP) is an important exopeptidase which might be a biomarker for pathogen infection and a potential therapeutic target. However, very few fluorescent probes have been developed for detecting PAP activity. Here we report the development of the first near infrared (NIR) turn-on fluorescent probe (NIR-PAP) for detecting and imaging PAP in living cells. The probe is prepared by reacting a cysteine-proline dipeptide with an acryloylated NIR fluorophore via a facile thiol-Michael addition reaction. NIR-PAP exhibits a dynamic response toward PAP in the range of 0.02-2.5 U mL-1 with an estimated limit of detection of 0.013 U mL-1. In vitro studies also reveal that the probe displays high specificity and robust responses toward PAP under physiological pH and temperature conditions. Moreover, NIR-PAP is successfully introduced to detect and differentiate PAP activity in four different cell lines via both confocal fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. Therefore, our probe may hold great promise in diagnosing infectious diseases caused by pathogens and screening therapeutic drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Nandan A, Nampoothiri KM. Molecular advances in microbial aminopeptidases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1757-1765. [PMID: 28599921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are exopeptidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the N terminus of peptides and proteins. They are widely and diversely used for protein hydrolysis in industrial and research applications. They form a large enzyme family in microorganisms and most of the sequenced microbial genomes contain several aminopeptidase coding genes. Various approaches are being used to enhance the yield and desired properties of these enzymes to make it more suited for industrial applications. Novel aminopeptidases are being developed by site directed mutagenesis and recombinant DNA technology with improved substrate specificity and stability. This review focuses on its classification and recent advancements in the molecular studies pertaining to this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nandan
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
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Wang KD, Wang KH, Zhou ND, Tian YP. Secretory Expression, Purification, Characterization, and Application of an Aspergillus oryzae Prolyl Aminopeptidase in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1611-1623. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Yang H, Zhu Q, Zhou N, Tian Y. Optimized expression of prolyl aminopeptidase in Pichia pastoris and its characteristics after glycosylation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:176. [PMID: 27628336 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl aminopeptidases are specific exopeptidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of the N-terminus proline residue of peptides and proteins. In the present study, the prolyl aminopeptidase gene (pap) from Aspergillus oryzae JN-412 was optimized through the codon usage of Pichia pastoris. Both the native and optimized pap genes were inserted into the expression vector pPIC9 K and were successfully expressed in P. pastoris. Additionally, the activity of the intracellular enzyme expressed by the recombinant optimized pap gene reached 61.26 U mL(-1), an activity that is 2.1-fold higher than that of the native gene. The recombinant enzyme was purified by one-step elution through Ni-affinity chromatography. The optimal temperature and pH of the purified PAP were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. Additionally, the recombinant PAP was recovered at a yield greater than 65 % at an extremely broad range of pH values from 6 to 10 after treatment at 50 °C for 6 h. The molecular weight of the recombinant PAP decreased from 50 kDa to 48 kDa after treatment with a deglycosylation enzyme, indicating that the recombinant PAP was completely glycosylated. The glycosylated PAP exhibited high thermo-stability. Half of the activity remained after incubation at 50 °C for 50 h, whereas the remaining activity of PAP expressed in E. coli was only 10 % after incubation at 50 °C for 1 h. PAP could be activated by the appropriate salt concentration and exhibited salt tolerance against NaCl at a concentration up to 5 mol L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Nandi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Varsha KK, Nishant G, Sneha SM, Shilpa G, Devendra L, Priya S, Nampoothiri KM. Antifungal, Anticancer and Aminopeptidase Inhibitory Potential of a Phenazine Compound Produced by Lactococcus BSN307. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:411-416. [PMID: 27784936 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioactive compound was purified from the culture medium of a new strain of Lactococcus BSN307 by solvent extraction followed by chromatographic techniques. This bioactive compound was identified to belong to phenazine class of compounds by MS, NMR and FTIR. The phenazine compound showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum as well as Fusarium oxysporum by disc diffusion assay in addition to antioxidant potential as demonstrated by DPPH scavenging assay. The compound demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines HeLa and MCF-7 where IC50 was achieved with 20 and 24 µg/mL respectively. At the same time no cytotoxicity was occurred in normal H9c2 cells. The bioactive found to be inhibitory to both leucine and proline aminopeptidases and thus revealed its potential as metalloenzyme inhibitor. This study, for the first time reports the production of phenazine class of compounds by lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kontham Kulangara Varsha
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Gopalan Nishant
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Srambikal Mohandas Sneha
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Ganesan Shilpa
- Agroprocessing Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Leena Devendra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Sulochana Priya
- Agroprocessing Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
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Ding GW, Zhou ND, Tian YP. Over-Expression of a Proline Specific Aminopeptidase from Aspergillus oryzae JN-412 and Its Application in Collagen Degradation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1765-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nandan AS, Nampoothiri KM. Unveiling aminopeptidase P from Streptomyces lavendulae: Molecular cloning, expression and biochemical characterization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 55:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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