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Nyame K, Hims A, Aburous A, Laqtom NN, Dong W, Medoh UN, Heiby JC, Xiong J, Ori A, Abu-Remaileh M. Glycerophosphodiesters inhibit lysosomal phospholipid catabolism in Batten disease. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1354-1364.e9. [PMID: 38447580 PMCID: PMC10999246 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Batten disease, the most prevalent form of neurodegeneration in children, is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene, which encodes a lysosomal transmembrane protein. CLN3 loss leads to significant accumulation of glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs), the end products of glycerophospholipid catabolism in the lysosome. Despite GPD storage being robustly observed upon CLN3 loss, the role of GPDs in neuropathology remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that GPDs act as potent inhibitors of glycerophospholipid catabolism in the lysosome using human cell lines and mouse models. Mechanistically, GPDs bind and competitively inhibit the lysosomal phospholipases PLA2G15 and PLBD2, which we establish to possess phospholipase B activity. GPDs effectively inhibit the rate-limiting lysophospholipase activity of these phospholipases. Consistently, lysosomes of CLN3-deficient cells and tissues accumulate toxic lysophospholipids. Our work establishes that the storage material in Batten disease directly disrupts lysosomal lipid homeostasis, suggesting GPD clearance as a potential therapeutic approach to this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andy Hims
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aya Aburous
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nouf N Laqtom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Uche N Medoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia C Heiby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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3
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Nsairat H, Ibrahim AA, Jaber AM, Abdelghany S, Atwan R, Shalan N, Abdelnabi H, Odeh F, El-Tanani M, Alshaer W. Liposome bilayer stability: emphasis on cholesterol and its alternatives. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:178-202. [PMID: 37378553 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2226216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are spherical lipidic nanocarriers composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids with a hydrophobic bilayer and aqueous core, which are arranged into a polar head and a long hydrophobic tail, forming an amphipathic nano/micro-particle. Despite numerous liposomal applications, their use encounters many challenges related to the physicochemical properties strongly affected by their constituents, colloidal stability, and interactions with the biological environment. This review aims to provide a perspective and a clear idea about the main factors that regulate the liposomes' colloidal and bilayer stability, emphasising the roles of cholesterol and its possible alternatives. Moreover, this review will analyse strategies that offer possible approaches to provide more stable in vitro and in vivo liposomes with enhanced drug release and encapsulation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abed Alqader Ibrahim
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Areej M Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Randa Atwan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Naeem Shalan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba Abdelnabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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4
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Advances in liposome-based delivery of RNA therapeutics for cancer treatment. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:177-218. [PMID: 38458738 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Liposomal drug delivery systems stand as versatile therapeutic platforms for precisely targeting related elements in cancerous tissues owing to their intrinsic passive and acquired active targeting capabilities and exceptional compatibility with physiologic environments. When the capacity of liposomes as nanocarriers is combined with the revolutionary potential of RNA therapies in affecting undruggable targets, the outcome would be promising drug candidates as game-changers in the cancer treatment arena. However, optimizing liposome composition, physicochemical properties, and surface chemistry is paramount to maximizing their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes. This review highlighted the potential of liposomes as nanovehicles for RNA therapeutics through a literature review and looked at the most recent preclinical and clinical advancements in utilizing liposomal RNA therapeutics for cancer management. Notably, the discovery of novel targets, advancements in liposome engineering, and organizing well-planned clinical trials would help uncover the incredible potential of these nanotherapeutics in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Dong Y, Jiang T, Wu T, Wang W, Xie Z, Yu X, Peng Y, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhong T. Enzyme-responsive controlled-release materials for food preservation and crop protection - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128051. [PMID: 37956811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of environmentally friendly and efficient methods to control food spoilage and crop diseases has become a new worldwide trend. In the medical field, various enzyme-responsive controlled-release drug formulations have been developed for precision therapy. Recently, these materials and techniques have also begun to be applied in the fields of food preservation and agricultural protection. This review of contemporary research focuses on applications of enzyme-responsive controlled-release materials in the field of food preservation and crop protection. It covers a variety of composite controlled-release materials triggered by different types of enzymes and describes in detail their composition and structure, controlled-release mechanisms, and practical application effects. The enzyme-responsive materials have been employed to control foodborne pathogens, fungi, and pests. These enzyme-responsive controlled-release materials exhibit excellent capabilities for targeted drug delivery. Upon contact with microorganisms or pests, the polymer shell of the material is degraded by secreted enzymes from these organisms, thereby releasing drugs that kill or inhibit the organisms. In addition, multi-enzyme sensitive carriers have been created to improve the effectiveness and broad spectrum of the delivery system. The increasing trend towards the use of enzyme-responsive controlled-release materials has opened up countless possibilities in food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Zesen Xie
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao.
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6
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Abdelkader I, Ben Mabrouk S, Hadrich B, Refai M, Fendri A, Sayari A. Optimization using response surface methodology of phospholipase C production from Bacillus cereus suitable for soybean oil degumming. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1165-1175. [PMID: 36794326 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the optimization of an extracellular phospholipase C production by Bacillus cereus (PLCBc) using Response Surface Methodology (RMS) and Box-Behnken design. In fact, after optimization, a maximum phospholipase activity (51 U/ml) was obtained after 6 h of cultivation on tryptone (10 g/L), yeast extract (10 g/L), NaCl (8.125 g/L), pH 7.5 with initial OD (0.15). The PLCBc activity, esteemed by the model (51 U) was very approximate to activity gutted experimentally (50 U). The PLCBc can be considered as thermoactive phospholipase since it showed a maximal activity of 50 U/mL at 60 °C using egg yolk or egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) as substrate. In addition, the enzyme was active at pH 7 and is stable after incubation at 55 °C for 30 min. The application of B. cereus phospholipase C in soybean oil degumming was investigated. Our results showed that when using enzymatic degumming, the residual phosphorus decrease more than with water degumming, indeed, it passes from 718 ppm in soybean crude oil to 100 ppm and 52 ppm by degumming using water and enzymatic process, respectively. The diacylgycerol (DAG) yield showed an increase of 1.2% with enzymatic degumming compared to soybean crude oil. This makes our enzyme a potential candidate for food industrial applications such as enzymatic degumming of vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Refai
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Alberti D, Thiaudiere E, Parzy E, Elkhanoufi S, Rakhshan S, Stefania R, Massot P, Mellet P, Aime S, Geninatti Crich S. 4-Amino-TEMPO loaded liposomes as sensitive EPR and OMRI probes for the detection of phospholipase A2 activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13725. [PMID: 37608036 PMCID: PMC10444830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims at developing a diagnostic method based on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements of stable nitroxide radicals released from "EPR silent" liposomes. The liposome destabilisation and consequent radical release is enzymatically triggered by the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) present in the biological sample of interest. PLA2 are involved in a broad range of processes, and changes in their activity may be considered as a unique valuable biomarker for early diagnoses. The minimum amount of PLA2 measured "in vitro" was 0.09 U/mL. Moreover, the liposomes were successfully used to perform Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OMRI) in vitro at 0.2 T. The amount of radicals released by PLA2 driven liposome destabilization was sufficient to generate a well detectable contrast enhancement in the corresponding OMRI image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alberti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eric Thiaudiere
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Parzy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabrina Elkhanoufi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sahar Rakhshan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rachele Stefania
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Philippe Massot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Mellet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Silvio Aime
- IRCCS SDN SYNLAB, Via Gianturco 113, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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8
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Saadi S, Ghazali HM, Saari N, Ariffin AA, Mohammed AS, Anwar F, Nacer NE. Eradication of phosphatide- esters using biomaterial‒ Conjugates like liposomes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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9
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Anjana, Rawat S, Goswami S. In-silico analysis of a halophilic bacterial isolate-Bacillus pseudomycoides SAS-B1 and its polyhydroxybutyrate production through fed-batch approach under differential salt conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:372-387. [PMID: 36563813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural biopolymer and a viable substitute for petroleum-derived polymers that possess immense potential for diverse applications. In the present study, PHB was produced by a halophilic bacteria identified as Bacillus pseudomycoides SAS-B1 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial genome was evaluated through complete genome sequencing, which elucidated a 5,338,308 bp genome with 34.88 % of G + C content and 5660 genes. Other genome attributes were analyzed such as functional profiling, gene ontology, and metabolic pathways. Genes involved in PHB biochemical pathway were identified such as phaA, phaB, and phaC. Furthermore, sodium-dependent transporters and other ATP-binding genes were identified in the genome that may be involved in sodium uptake during saline conditions. The PHB production by B. pseudomycoides SAS-B1 was examined under differential salt conditions. The PHB yield was increased from 3.14 ± 0.02 g/L to 6.12 ± 0.04 g/L when salinity was increased upto 20 g/L with intermittent feeding of glucose and corn steep liquor. FTIR, NMR, and GC-MS studies elucidated the presence of desired functional groups, molecular structure, and monomeric compositions of PHB respectively. Further, TGA revealed the thermal stability of the recovered PHB upto (220-230) °C and has a crystallinity index of upto 33 ± 0.5 % as confirmed by XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shristhi Rawat
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Saswata Goswami
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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10
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Sharma N, Vuppu S. Computational Modelling and Molecular Docking of Industrial Leather Enzymes. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00689-z. [PMID: 36807269 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Leather is one of the widely traded commodities globally. It is a strategically important sector for the economic and industrial development of the country. However, the leather industry is perceived as a highly polluting industry. It produces huge amounts of solid and liquid wastes, and if these wastes are not properly treated and disposed of, then it tends to deteriorate the quality of soil and water, as well as cause emanations of smell and noxious gases into the surrounding. The current paper provides information about industrial leather enzymes, primarily collagenase, tannase, and lecithinase. In this study, enzymes such as collagenase, tannase, and lecithinase had a pivotal role in leather industries and their action in the bioremediation of leather effluents was further analysed and docked with a diverse range of compounds (ligands), with an optimal binding affinity score was determined. All interactions between protein ligands were depicted, which will help us with future research. Furthermore, this method can be tested practically, and other parameters can be studied in the future. Further, applications of enzymes and their hydrolyse by-products have also been highlighted in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, medical, and food sectors. Subsequently, this finding provides an innovative and broader goal for various sectors in terms of sustainability, stabilisation, and identifying research gaps that can guide modern industries and research scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sharma
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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The Antidepressant Sertraline Affects Cell Signaling and Metabolism in Trichophyton rubrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020275. [PMID: 36836389 PMCID: PMC9961077 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is responsible for most human cutaneous infections. Its treatment is complex, mainly because there are only a few structural classes of fungal inhibitors. Therefore, new strategies addressing these problems are essential. The development of new drugs is time-consuming and expensive. The repositioning of drugs already used in medical practice has emerged as an alternative to discovering new drugs. The antidepressant sertraline (SRT) kills several important fungal pathogens. Accordingly, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of SRT in T. rubrum to broaden the knowledge of its impact on eukaryotic microorganisms and to assess its potential for future use in dermatophytosis treatments. We performed next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify the genes responding to SRT at the transcript level. We identified that a major effect of SRT was to alter expression for genes involved in maintaining fungal cell wall and plasma membrane stability, including ergosterol biosynthetic genes. SRT also altered the expression of genes encoding enzymes related to fungal energy metabolism, cellular detoxification, and defense against oxidative stress. Our findings provide insights into a specific molecular network interaction that maintains metabolic stability and is perturbed by SRT, showing potential targets for its strategic use in dermatophytosis.
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12
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Cao X, van Putten JPM, Wösten MMSM. Biological functions of bacterial lysophospholipids. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 82:129-154. [PMID: 36948653 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are lipid-derived metabolic intermediates in the cell membrane. The biological functions of LPLs are distinct from their corresponding phospholipids. In eukaryotic cells LPLs are important bioactive signaling molecules that regulate many important biological processes, but in bacteria the function of LPLs is still not fully defined. Bacterial LPLs are usually present in cells in very small amounts, but can strongly increase under certain environmental conditions. In addition to their basic function as precursors in membrane lipid metabolism, the formation of distinct LPLs contributes to the proliferation of bacteria under harsh circumstances or may act as signaling molecules in bacterial pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biological functions of bacterial LPLs including lysoPE, lysoPA, lysoPC, lysoPG, lysoPS and lysoPI in bacterial adaptation, survival, and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Zhou Q, Si Z, Wang K, Li K, Hong W, Zhang Y, Li P. Enzyme-triggered smart antimicrobial drug release systems against bacterial infections. J Control Release 2022; 352:507-526. [PMID: 36341932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria, as one of the most pressing public health threats, are declining our arsenal of available antimicrobial drugs. Advanced antimicrobial drug delivery systems that can achieve precise and controlled release of antimicrobial agents in the microenvironment of bacterial infections will retard the development of antimicrobial resistance. A variety of extracellular enzymes are secreted by bacteria to destroy physical integrity of tissue during their invasion of host body, which can be utilized as stimuli to trigger "on-demand" release of antimicrobials. In the past decade, such bacterial enzyme responsive drug release systems have been intensively studied but few review has been released. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress of smart antimicrobial drug delivery systems triggered by bacteria secreted enzymes such as lipase, hyaluronidase, protease and antibiotic degrading enzymes. The perspectives and existing key issues of this field will also be discussed to fuel the innovative research and translational application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Kun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weilin Hong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yuezhou Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
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14
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Bai W, Anthony WE, Hartline CJ, Wang S, Wang B, Ning J, Hsu FF, Dantas G, Zhang F. Engineering diverse fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2022; 74:11-23. [PMID: 36058465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fatty acids (FAs) are an essential component of the cellular membrane and are an important source of renewable chemicals as they can be converted to fatty alcohols, esters, ketones, and alkanes, and used as biofuels, detergents, lubricants, and commodity chemicals. Most prior FA bioconversions have been performed on the carboxylic acid group. Modification of the FA hydrocarbon chain could substantially expand the structural and functional diversity of FA-derived products. Additionally, the effects of such modified FAs on the growth and metabolic state of their producing cells are not well understood. Here we engineer novel Escherichia coli phospholipid biosynthetic pathways, creating strains with distinct FA profiles enriched in ω7-unsaturated FAs (ω7-UFAs, 75%), Δ5-unsaturated FAs (Δ5-UFAs, 60%), cyclopropane FAs (CFAs, 55%), internally-branched FAs (IBFAs, 40%), and Δ5,ω7-double unsaturated FAs (DUFAs, 46%). Although bearing drastically different FA profiles in phospholipids, UFA, CFA, and IBFA enriched strains display wild-type-like phenotypic profiling and growth. Transcriptomic analysis reveals DUFA production drives increased differential expression and the induction of the fur iron starvation transcriptional cascade, but higher TCA cycle activation compared to the UFA producing strain. This likely reflects a slight cost imparted for DUFA production, which resulted in lower maximum growth in some, but not all, environmental conditions. The IBFA-enriched strain was further engineered to produce free IBFAs, releasing 96 mg/L free IBFAs from 154 mg/L of the total cellular IBFA pool. This work has resulted in significantly altered FA profiles of membrane lipids in E. coli, greatly increasing our understanding of the effects of FA structure diversity on the transcriptome, growth, and ability to react to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Bai
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Winston E Anthony
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J Hartline
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jie Ning
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Fuzhong Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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15
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Stemler CD, Scherf KA. Improvement of cake baking properties by lipases compared to a traditional emulsifier. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100442. [PMID: 36211741 PMCID: PMC9532760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases can improve the baking characteristics of different cakes. In comparison to DATEM they lead to softer products and less staling. The use of eggs or yeast diminishes the improvement by lipases. Lipase activity and specificity influence the extent of improvement.
Lipases are commonly used as clean-label improvers for bread. However, their potential use in cakes with different formulations remains unknown. The aim was to analyze the effects of seven baking lipases on three different cake formulations (an eggless cake, a pound cake with eggs and a yeast-based cake) in comparison to a traditional emulsifier. Product density, water loss during baking and product texture were assessed. If and to what extent the product quality was improved depended on both the lipase and the cake formulation. Lipase-induced effects mostly exceeded those of the emulsifier and were most pronounced in formulations without intrinsic emulsifiers like eggs. The lipases differed in their extent of improvement, hinting at the importance of their specific reactivity patterns and the resulting range of interactions with macromolecules. Further research is needed to unravel the mechanistic background of baking quality improvement in cakes.
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16
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Marchisio F, Di Nardo L, Val DS, Cerminati S, Espariz M, Rasia RM, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. Characterization of a novel thermostable phospholipase C from T. kodakarensis suitable for oil degumming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5081-5091. [PMID: 35854045 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of cleaner technologies that minimize environmental pollution caused by conventional industrial processes is an increasing global trend. Hence, traditionally used chemicals have been replaced by novel enzymatic alternatives in a wide variety of industrial-scale processes. Enzymatic oil degumming, the first step of the oil refining process, exploits the conversion catalyzed by phospholipases to remove vegetable crude oils' phospholipids. This enzymatic method reduces the gums' volume and increases the overall oil yield. A thermostable phospholipase would be highly advantageous for industrial oil degumming as oil treatment at higher temperatures would save energy and increase the recovery of oil by facilitating the mixing and gums removal. A thermostable phosphatidylcholine (PC) (and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE))-specific phospholipase C from Thermococcus kodakarensis (TkPLC) was studied and completely removed PC and PE from crude soybean oil at 80 °C. Due to these characteristics, TkPLC is an interesting promising candidate for industrial-scale enzymatic oil degumming at high temperatures. KEY POINTS: • A thermostable phospholipase C from T. kodakarensis (TkPLC) has been identified. • TkPLC was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris and successfully purified. • TkPLC completely hydrolyzed PC and PE in soybean oil degumming assays at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Marchisio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luisina Di Nardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Celular Y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Ocampo Y Esmeralda S/N, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Sebastián Val
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Cerminati
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Estadística Y Procesamiento de Datos, Departamento de Matemática Y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Maximiliano Rasia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Celular Y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Ocampo Y Esmeralda S/N, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural Y Metabolómica (PLABEM - CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gabriel Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Castelli
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina.
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17
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Tatiyaborworntham N, Oz F, Richards MP, Wu H. Paradoxical effects of lipolysis on the lipid oxidation in meat and meat products. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100317. [PMID: 35571332 PMCID: PMC9092974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis in meat and meat products is a phenomenon involving hydrolysis of lipids, notably via enzymatic catalysis that takes place even postmortem. During refrigerated and frozen storage of meat, in particular fish, endogenous lipolytic enzymes actively degrade triacylglycerols and phospholipids resulting in accumulation of free fatty acids and other hydrolytic products. A classical conjecture suggests that lipolysis enhances lipid oxidation which is involved in quality deterioration of fresh meat and, to some degrees, flavor development of certain meat products. Recent studies (<5 years) have shown that under some circumstances, lipolysis of certain lipolytic enzymes can inhibit lipid oxidation in muscle models, which provides more insight in lipid oxidation mechanisms in muscle matrices as well as implies potential strategies for improving meat quality. This review will discuss such paradoxical effects and potential mechanisms of lipolysis on lipid oxidation in meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawat Tatiyaborworntham
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mark P. Richards
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, 1933 Observatory Dr. Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Haizhou Wu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Nsairat H, Khater D, Sayed U, Odeh F, Al Bawab A, Alshaer W. Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09394. [PMID: 35600452 PMCID: PMC9118483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Usama Sayed
- Department of Biology, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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19
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Chen S, Xiong W, Zhao X, Luo W, Yan X, Lu Y, Chen C, Ling X. Study on the mechanism of efficient extracellular expression of toxic streptomyces phospholipase D in Brevibacillus choshinensis under Mg2+ stress. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:41. [PMID: 35305639 PMCID: PMC8933894 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phospholipase D (PLD) has significant advantages in the food and medicine industries due to its unique transphosphatidylation. However, the high heterologous expression of PLD is limited by its cytotoxicity. The present study sought to develop an efficient and extracellular expression system of PLD in the non-pathogenic Brevibacillus choshinensis (B. choshinensis).
Results
The extracellular PLD was effectively expressed by the strong promoter (P2) under Mg2+ stress, with the highest activity of 10 U/mL. The inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results elucidated that the over-expression of PLD by P2 promoter without Mg2+ stress induced the ionic homeostasis perturbation caused by the highly enhanced Ca2+ influx, leading to cell injury or death. Under Mg2+ stress, Ca2+ influx was significantly inhibited, and the strengths of P2 promoter and HWP gene expression were weakened. The study results revealed that the mechanism of Mg2+ induced cell growth protection and PLD expression might be related to the lowered strength of PLD expression by P2 promoter repression to meet with the secretion efficiency of B. choshinensis, and the redistribution of intracellular ions accompanied by decreased Ca2+ influx.
Conclusions
The PLD production was highly improved under Mg2+ stress. By ICP-MS and qPCR analysis combined with other results, the mechanism of the efficient extracellular PLD expression under Mg2+ stress was demonstrated. The relatively low-speed PLD expression during cell growth alleviated cell growth inhibition and profoundly improved PLD production. These results provided a potential approach for the large-scale production of extracellular PLD and novel insights into PLD function.
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20
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Ibrahim MA, Yamasaki T, Furukawa K, Yamasaki K. Fragment-Based Drug Discovery for Trypanosoma brucei Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C through Biochemical and WaterLOGSY-NMR Methods. J Biochem 2022; 171:619-629. [PMID: 35191956 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) of Trypanosoma brucei, the causative protozoan parasite of African trypanosomiasis, is a membrane-bound enzyme essential for antigenic variation, because it catalyses the release of the membrane-bound form of variable surface glycoproteins. Here, we performed a fragment-based drug discovery of TbGPI-PLC inhibitors using a combination of enzymatic inhibition assay and water-ligand observed via gradient spectroscopy (WaterLOGSY) NMR experiment. The TbGPI-PLC was cloned and over-expressed using an Escherichia coli expression system followed by purification using three-phase partitioning and gel filtration. Subsequently, the inhibitory activity of 873 fragment compounds against the recombinant TbGPI-PLC led to the identification of 66 primary hits. These primary hits were subjected to the WaterLOGSY NMR experiment where 10 fragment hits were confirmed to directly bind to the TbGPI-PLC. These included benzothiazole, chlorobenzene, imidazole, indole, pyrazol and quinolinone derivatives. Molecular docking simulation indicated that six of them share a common binding site, which corresponds to the catalytic pocket. The present study identified chemically diverse fragment hits that could directly bind and inhibit the TbGPI-PLC activity which constructed a framework for fragment optimisation or linking towards the design of novel drugs for African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna 800001, Nigeria
| | - Tomoko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan
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21
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Multi-Omics Analysis to Generate Hypotheses for Mild Health Problems in Monkeys. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100701. [PMID: 34677416 PMCID: PMC8538200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain symptoms associated with mild sickness and lethargy have not been categorized as definitive diseases. Confirming such symptoms in captive monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, known as cynomolgus monkeys) can be difficult; however, it is possible to observe and analyze their feces. In this study, we investigated the relationship between stool state and various omics data by considering objective and quantitative values of stool water content as a phenotype for analysis. By examining the food intake of the monkeys and assessing their stool, urine, and plasma, we attempted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the health status of individual monkeys and correlate it with the stool condition. Our metabolomics data strongly suggested that many lipid-related metabolites were correlated with the stool water content. The lipidomic analysis revealed the involvement of saturated and oxidized fatty acids, metallomics revealed the contribution of selenium (a bio-essential trace element), and intestinal microbiota analysis revealed the association of several bacterial species with the stool water content. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the redox imbalance causes minor health problems. However, it is not possible to make a definite conclusion using multi-omics alone, and other hypotheses could be proposed.
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22
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Bakholdina SI, Stenkova AM, Bystritskaya EP, Sidorin EV, Kim NY, Menchinskaya ES, Gorpenchenko TY, Aminin DL, Shved NA, Solov’eva TF. Studies on the Structure and Properties of Membrane Phospholipase A 1 Inclusion Bodies Formed at Low Growth Temperatures Using GFP Fusion Strategy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133936. [PMID: 34203222 PMCID: PMC8271855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cultivation temperatures (37, 26, and 18 °C) on the conformational quality of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis phospholipase A1 (PldA) in inclusion bodies (IBs) was studied using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a folding reporter. GFP was fused to the C-terminus of PldA to form the PldA-GFP chimeric protein. It was found that the maximum level of fluorescence and expression of the chimeric protein is observed in cells grown at 18 °C, while at 37 °C no formation of fluorescently active forms of PldA-GFP occurs. The size, stability in denaturant solutions, and enzymatic and biological activity of PldA-GFP IBs expressed at 18 °C, as well as the secondary structure and arrangement of protein molecules inside the IBs, were studied. Solubilization of the chimeric protein from IBs in urea and SDS is accompanied by its denaturation. The obtained data show the structural heterogeneity of PldA-GFP IBs. It can be assumed that compactly packed, properly folded, proteolytic resistant, and structurally less organized, susceptible to proteolysis polypeptides can coexist in PldA-GFP IBs. The use of GFP as a fusion partner improves the conformational quality of PldA, but negatively affects its enzymatic activity. The PldA-GFP IBs are not toxic to eukaryotic cells and have the property to penetrate neuroblastoma cells. Data presented in the work show that the GFP-marker can be useful not only as target protein folding indicator, but also as a tool for studying the molecular organization of IBs, their morphology, and localization in E. coli, as well as for visualization of IBs interactions with eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Bakholdina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.B.); (T.F.S.); Tel.: +7-423-231-11-58 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.); Fax: +7-423-231-40-50 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.)
| | - Anna M. Stenkova
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, FEFU Campus, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island Ajax Bay 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.M.S.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Evgenia P. Bystritskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Sidorin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Natalya Yu. Kim
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Tatiana Yu. Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Nikita A. Shved
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, FEFU Campus, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island Ajax Bay 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.M.S.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Tamara F. Solov’eva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.P.B.); (E.V.S.); (N.Y.K.); (E.S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.B.); (T.F.S.); Tel.: +7-423-231-11-58 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.); Fax: +7-423-231-40-50 (S.I.B. & T.F.S.)
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23
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Phospholipase Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33983572 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression results from subversion of multiple intra- or intercellular signaling pathways in normal mammary tissues and their microenvironment, which have an impact on cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Phospholipases (PLC, PLD and PLA) are essential mediators of intra- and intercellular signaling. They hydrolyze phospholipids, which are major components of cell membrane that can generate many bioactive lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acid. Enzymatic processing of phospholipids by phospholipases converts these molecules into lipid mediators that regulate multiple cellular processes, which in turn can promote breast cancer progression. Thus, dysregulation of phospholipases contributes to a number of human diseases, including cancer. This review describes how phospholipases regulate multiple cancer-associated cellular processes, and the interplay among different phospholipases in breast cancer. A thorough understanding of the breast cancer-associated signaling networks of phospholipases is necessary to determine whether these enzymes are potential targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Li J, Chu Y, Yang R, Lin J, Shao L, Wang L. An alkali-tolerant phospholipase D from Sphingobacterium thalpophilum 2015: Gene cloning, overproduction and characterization. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:1-8. [PMID: 32981922 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase pl-S.t gene of Sphingobacterium thalpophilum 2015 was cloned and the gene sequence was submitted to NCBI with Accession Number KX674735.1. The phylogenetic analysis showed that this PL-S.t was clustered to phospholipase D (PLD). As far as we know, the PL-S.t with a molecular mass of 22.5 kDa is the lowest of the currently purified bacterial PLDs, which belongs to a non-HKD PLD enzyme. This PL-S.t was resistant to a wide range of alkali pHs (7.5-9.0) after 1 h incubation, retaining more than 90% of its maximum activity. The PL-S.t activity can be enhanced by Ni2+, Co2+ and Mn2+. This PL-S.t has only one cysteine residue and fewer negatively-charged amino acids (AAs). The hydrogen bonds network was found around the cystein108, which may be beneficial to the stability and activity of PL-S.t in Ni2+ solution. This study has laid the foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of the catalytic characteristics of low molecular weight alkalic PLD from S. thalpophilum 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics (SIIA)
| | - Ruilan Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology
| | - Jiafu Lin
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics (SIIA)
| | - Lin Shao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University
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Perczyk P, Broniatowski M. Simultaneous action of microbial phospholipase C and lipase on model bacterial membranes - Modeling the processes crucial for bioaugmentation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183620. [PMID: 33831405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation is a promising method of the remediation of soils polluted by persistent organic pollutants (POP). Unfortunately, it happens frequently that the microorganisms inoculated into the soil die out due to the presence of enzymes secreted by autochthonous microorganisms. Especially destructive are here phospholipases C (PLC) and lipases which destruct the microorganism's cellular membrane. The composition of bacterial membranes differs between species, so it is highly possible that depending on the membrane constitution some bacteria are more resistant to PLCs and lipases than other. To shed light on these problems we applied phospholipid Langmuir monolayers as model microbial membranes and studied their interactions with α-toxin (model bacterial PLC) and the lipase isolated from soil fungus Candida rugosa. Membrane phospholipids differing in their headgroup (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and cardiolipins) and in their tail structure were applied. The monolayers were characterized by the Langmuir technique, visualized by Brewster angle microscopy, and the packing mode of the phospholipid molecules was verified by the application of the diffraction of synchrotron radiation. We also studied the mutual miscibility of diacylglycerols and the native phospholipids as their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the PLC and lipase activity. It turned out that all the investigated phospholipid classes can be hydrolyzed by PLC; however, they differ profoundly in the hydrolysis degree. Depending on the effects of the initial PLC action and the mutual organization of the diacylglycerol and phospholipid molecules the lipase can ruin the model membranes or can be completely neutral to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Perczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Broniatowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Pfefferle K, Lopalco P, Breisch J, Siemund A, Corcelli A, Averhoff B. In vivo synthesis of monolysocardiolipin and cardiolipin by Acinetobacter baumannii phospholipase D and effect on cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:5300-5308. [PMID: 32929857 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, which has become a rising threat in healthcare facilities worldwide due to increasing antibiotic resistances and optimal adaptation to clinical environments and the human host. We reported in a former publication on the identification of three phopholipases of the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily in A. baumannii ATCC 19606T acting in concerted manner as virulence factors in Galleria mellonella infection and lung epithelial cell invasion. This study focussed on the function of the three PLDs. A Δpld1-3 mutant was defect in biosynthesis of the phospholipids cardiolipin (CL) and monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), whereas the deletion of pld2 and pld3 abolished the production of MLCL. Complementation of the Δpld1-3 mutant with pld1 restored CL biosynthesis demonstrating that the PLD1 is implicated in CL biosynthesis. Complementation of the Δpld1-3 mutant with either pld2 or pld3 restored MLCL and CL production leading to the conclusion that PLD2 and PLD3 are implicated in CL and MLCL production. Mutant studies revealed that two catalytic motifs are essential for the PLD3-mediated biosynthesis of CL and MLCL. The Δpld1-3 mutant exhibited a decreased colistin and polymyxin B resistance indicating a role of CL in cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pfefferle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lopalco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jennifer Breisch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Siemund
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angela Corcelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Beate Averhoff
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Highly Efficient Extracellular Production of Recombinant Streptomyces PMF Phospholipase D in Escherichia coli. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve efficient bio-production of phospholipase D (PLD), PLDs from different organisms were expressed in E.coli. An efficient secretory expression system was thereby developed for PLD. First, PLDs from Streptomyces PMF and Streptomyces racemochromogenes were separately over-expressed in E.coli to compare their transphosphatidylation activity based on the synthesis of phosphatidylserine (PS), and PLDPMF was determined to have higher activity. To further improve PLDPMF synthesis, a secretory expression system suitable for PLDPMF was constructed and optimized with different signal peptides. The highest secretory efficiency was observed when the PLD * (PLDPMF with the native signal peptide Nat removed) was expressed fused with the fusion signal peptide PelB-Nat in E. coli. The fermentation conditions were also investigated to increase the production of recombinant PLD and 10.5 U/mL PLD was ultimately obtained under the optimized conditions. For the application of recombinant PLD to PS synthesis, the PLD properties were characterized and 30.2 g/L of PS was produced after 24 h of bioconversion when 50 g/L phosphatidylcholine (PC) was added.
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Xiang M, Wang L, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S. High-level expression and characterization of a novel phospholipase C from Thielavia terrestris suitable for oil degumming. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:740-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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A comparative study of extracellular enzymes from chromoblastomycosis agents reveals the potential association of phospholipase with the severity of the lesions. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104367. [PMID: 32649963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, progressive subcutaneous mycosis that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Cladophialophora carrionii and Fonsecaea pedrosoi are prevalent etiological agents. The potential role of the proteolytic activity of extracellular enzymes in these fungi and its relationship with the pathogenesis of the disease has not been proven. Some phenotypic traits have been associated with the virulence of other fungi; i.e., their different rate of protease, phospholipase, and esterase excretion, melanin, and thermotolerance. The aim of this study was the identification of extracellular enzymes that could be considered virulence markers of chromoblastomycosis agents. Therefore, we tested 29 C. carrionii and 11 F. pedrosoi clinical isolates to determine their hydrolytic and physiologic characteristics. All the tested isolates grew at a range of 30°-37 °C; except 2 strains of F. pedrosoi that grew slowly at 40 °C. We noticed that the hydrolytic capabilities of the tested isolates were positive for urea hydrolysis in almost all, while both strains were negative for DNase, hemolysin, and gelatin. C. carrionii and F. pedrosoi had phospholipase and esterase activity. These findings were similar for most isolates. All strains showed an association between phospholipase activity and moderate to severe lesions. However, only in F. pedrosoi isolates, the association remains significant. We conclude that the different enzymatic production reported here may be linked to the clinical manifestations of these pathologies. Notwithstanding, the influence of other virulence factors is not excluded.
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A Thermolabile Phospholipase B from Talaromyces marneffei GD-0079: Biochemical Characterization and Structure Dynamics Study. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020231. [PMID: 32033124 PMCID: PMC7072546 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) are a distinctive group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids esterified at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions forming free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The structural information and catalytic mechanism of phospholipase B are still not clear. Herein, we reported a putative phospholipase B (TmPLB1) from Talaromyces marneffei GD-0079 synthesized by genome mining library. The gene (TmPlb1) was expressed and the TmPLB1 was purified using E. coli shuffle T7 expression system. The putative TmPLB1 was purified by affinity chromatography with a yield of 13.5%. The TmPLB1 showed optimum activity at 35 °C and pH 7.0. The TmPLB1 showed enzymatic activity using Lecithin (soybean > 98% pure), and the hydrolysis of TmPLB1 by 31P NMR showed phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a major phospholipid along with lyso-phospholipids (1-LPC and 2-LPC) and some minor phospholipids. The molecular modeling studies indicate that its active site pocket contains Ser125, Asp183 and His215 as the catalytic triad. The structure dynamics and simulations results explained the conformational changes associated with different environmental conditions. This is the first report on biochemical characterization and structure dynamics of TmPLB1 enzyme. The present study could be helpful to utilize TmPLB1 in food industry for the determination of food components containing phosphorus. Additionally, such enzyme could also be useful in Industry for the modifications of phospholipids.
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Bollinedi H, Singh AK, Singh N, S GK, Bhowmick PK, K K V, M N, R K E. Genetic and genomic approaches to address rapid rancidity of rice bran. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:75-84. [PMID: 31997650 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1718598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran is an invaluable by-product of paddy processing industry. It is rich in minerals, protein, lipids, and crude fiber. In addition, it also possesses compounds with anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer properties. It forms a basis for the extraction of rice bran oil and preparation of various functional foods with health benefits and potential to prevent chronic health issues. Nevertheless, the rapid deterioration of bran upon storage acts as a major limitation in exploiting the full potential of rice bran. In this review, we have discussed three strategies to address rapid rancidity of rice bran and enhance its shelf life and storability vis-a-vis emphasizing the importance of rice bran in terms of its nutritional composition. One strategy is through exploitation of the null mutations in the genes governing lipases and lipoxygenases leading to nonfunctional enzymes (enzyme deficient approach), another strategy is through reducing the PUFA content that is more prone to oxidation (substrate deficient approach) and a third strategy is through enhancing the antioxidant content that effectively terminate the lipid peroxidation by donating the hydrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Gopala Krishnan S
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Prolay K Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K K
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Nagarajan M
- ICAR - IARI and Genetics Research Centre, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ellur R K
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
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Altered Metabolism of Phospholipases, Diacylglycerols, Endocannabinoids, and N-Acylethanolamines in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5836476. [PMID: 31355297 PMCID: PMC6636572 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5836476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastocytosis is a condition characterized by the expansion and accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in various organs. The symptoms are related to the increased release of MC-derived mediators that exert local and distant effects. MCs are a source and target of phospholipase enzymes (PLs), which catalyze the cleavage of membrane phospholipids releasing lipid mediators (e.g., diacylglycerols (DAGs) and the endocannabinoid (EC) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)). To date, there are no data on the role of these lipid mediators in mastocytosis. Here, we analyzed plasma levels of PLA2, PLC, DAG, ECs, and EC-related N-acylethanolamines in patients with mastocytosis. Methods In 23 patients with mastocytosis and 23 healthy individuals, we measured plasma PLA2 and PLC activities, DAG, 2-AG, anandamide (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). Results Plasma PLA2 and PLC activities were increased in mastocytosis patients compared to controls. Concentrations of DAG (18:1 20:4 and 18:0 20:4), two second messengers produced by PLC, were higher in mastocytosis compared to controls, whereas the concentrations of their metabolite, 2-AG, were not altered. AEA was decreased in mastocytosis patients compared to controls; by contrast, AEA congener, PEA, was increased. PLA2 and PLC activities were increased only in patients with mediator-related symptoms. Moreover, PLC activity was positively correlated with disease severity and tryptase concentrations. By contrast, AEA was negatively correlated with tryptase concentrations. Conclusions PLs and some lipid mediators are altered in patients with mastocytosis. Our results may pave the way for investigating the functions of these mediators in the pathophysiology of mastocytosis and provide new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Cerminati S, Paoletti L, Aguirre A, Peirú S, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. Industrial uses of phospholipases: current state and future applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2571-2582. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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FERNANDA SHANNI, ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO, HELIANTI IS. Isolation of a Functional Gene Encoding Homologous Lysophospholipase from Indonesian Indigenous Bacillus halodurans CM1. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.13.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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35
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Maeng Y, Kim KT, Zhou X, Jin L, Kim KS, Kim YH, Lee S, Park JH, Chen X, Kong M, Cai L, Li X. A novel microbial technique for producing high-quality sophorolipids from horse oil suitable for cosmetic applications. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:917-929. [PMID: 30022625 PMCID: PMC6116743 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse oil contains linoleic, palmitoleic and unsaturated fatty acids that are similar to those in human skin, and may therefore be an ideal substance from which to isolate biosurfactants for cosmetic products to improve human skin quality. Herein, an innovative approach was developed to synthesise sophorolipids from horse oil by hydrolysis, followed by fermentation using the yeast Candida bombicola. The yield of sophorolipids from direct fermentation of horse oil and hydrolysed horse oil was 40.6 ± 1.3 g l-1 and 58.4 ± 1.8 g l-1 respectively. To further increase the yield, 30-40 g l-1 glucose was added in a fed-batch fermentation process to maintain the pH between 4.0 and 4.5, resulting in a conversion yield of 71.7 ± 0.8 g l-1 . The purity and structure of the synthesised sophorolipids were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. An in vitro human dermal fibroblast model was used as a surrogate for human skin to measure elastase inhibition activity. Antiwrinkle properties of isolated sophorolipids were better than those of horse oil or hydrolysed horse oil in several in vitro assays. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of 50 μg ml-1 , and wound-healing capacity was evident in a cell culture model. Additionally, the synthesised sophorolipids attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, and efficiently inhibited several strains of bacteria and yeast. In conclusion, fed-batch fermentation of hydrolysed horse oil is a novel and efficient approach for producing high-quality and high-yield sophorolipids that exhibit great potential as cosmetic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojae Maeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University-Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Kyoung Tae Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University-Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University-Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ki Soo Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,BiolandBiotec. Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Modern Medical Device Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Young Heui Kim
- SK Bioland, 59, Songjeongni 2-gil, Byeongchen, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31257, Korea
| | - Suyeon Lee
- SK Bioland, 59, Songjeongni 2-gil, Byeongchen, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31257, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Park
- SK Bioland, 162, Gwahaksaneop 3-ro, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28125, Korea
| | - Xiuyu Chen
- BiolandBiotec. Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Modern Medical Device Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingxia Kong
- BiolandBiotec. Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Modern Medical Device Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University-Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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SS-mPEG chemical modification of recombinant phospholipase C for enhanced thermal stability and catalytic efficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1032-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bakholdina SI, Sidorin EV, Khomenko VA, Isaeva MP, Kim NY, Bystritskaya EP, Pimenova EA, Solov’eva TF. The Effect of Conditions of the Expression of the Recombinant Outer Membrane Phospholipase А1 from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the Structure and Properties of Inclusion Bodies. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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VdPLP, A Patatin-Like Phospholipase in Verticillium dahliae, Is Involved in Cell Wall Integrity and Required for Pathogenicity. Genes (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29534051 PMCID: PMC5867883 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-borne ascomycete fungus Verticillium dahliae causes vascular wilt disease and can seriously diminish the yield and quality of important crops. Functional analysis of growth- and pathogenicity-related genes is essential for revealing the pathogenic molecular mechanism of V. dahliae. Phospholipase is an important virulence factor in fungi that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acid and other lipophilic substances and is involved in hyphal development. Thus far, only a few V. dahliae phospholipases have been identified, and their involvement in V. dahliae development and pathogenicity remains unknown. In this study, the function of the patatin-like phospholipase gene in V. dahliae (VdPLP, VDAG_00942) is characterized by generating gene knockout and complementary mutants. Vegetative growth and conidiation of VdPLP deletion mutants (ΔVdPLP) were significantly reduced compared with wild type and complementary strains, but more microsclerotia formed. The ΔVdPLP mutants were very sensitive to the cell-wall-perturbing agents: calcofluor white (CFW) and Congo red (CR). The transcriptional level of genes related to the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway and chitin synthesis were downregulated, suggesting that VdPLP has a pivotal role in the CWI pathway and chitin synthesis in V. dahliae. ΔVdPLP strains were distinctly impaired in in their virulence and ability to colonize Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Our results demonstrate that VdPLP regulates hyphal growth and conidial production and is involved in stabilizing the cell wall, thus mediating the pathogenicity of V. dahliae.
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Recombinant Lipase from Gibberella zeae Exhibits Broad Substrate Specificity: A Comparative Study on Emulsified and Monomolecular Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071535. [PMID: 28718792 PMCID: PMC5536023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the classical emulsified system and the monomolecular film technique, the substrate specificity of recombinant Gibberella zeae lipase (rGZEL) that originates from Gibberella zeae was characterized in detail. Under the emulsified reaction system, both phospholipase and glycolipid hydrolytic activities were observed, except for the predominant lipase activity. The optimum conditions for different activity exhibition were also determined. Compared with its lipase activity, a little higher ratio of glycolipid hydrolytic activity (0.06) than phospholipase activity (0.02) was found. rGZEL preferred medium chain-length triglycerides, while lower activity was found for the longer-chain triglyceride. Using the monomolecular film technique, we found that the preference order of rGZEL to different phospholipids was 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (PS) > 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt (PG) > 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) > l-α-phosphatidylinositol (PI) > cardiolipin (CL) > 3-sn-phosphatidic acid sodium salt (PA) > l-α-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), while no hydrolytic activity was detected for sphingomyelin (SM). Moreover, rGZEL showed higher galactolipase activity on 1,2-distearoyimonoglactosylglyceride (MGDG). A kinetic study on the stereo- and regioselectivity of rGZEL was also performed by using three pairs of pseudodiglyceride enantiomers (DDGs). rGZEL presented higher preference for distal DDG enantiomers than adjacent ester groups, however, no hydrolytic activity to the sn-2 position of diglyceride analogs was found. Furthermore, rGZEL preferred the R configuration of DDG enantiomers. Molecular docking results were in concordance with in vitro tests.
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Sutto-Ortiz P, Camacho-Ruiz MDLA, Kirchmayr MR, Camacho-Ruiz RM, Mateos-Díaz JC, Noiriel A, Carrière F, Abousalham A, Rodríguez JA. Screening of phospholipase A activity and its production by new actinomycete strains cultivated by solid-state fermentation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3524. [PMID: 28695068 PMCID: PMC5501967 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel microbial phospholipases A (PLAs) can be found in actinomycetes which have been poorly explored as producers of this activity. To investigate microbial PLA production, efficient methods are necessary such as high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for direct search of PLAs in microbial cultures and cultivation conditions to promote this activity. About 200 strains isolated with selected media for actinomycetes and mostly belonging to Streptomyces (73%) and Micromonospora (10%) genus were first screened on agar-plates containing the fluorophore rhodamine 6G and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) to detect strains producing phospholipase activity. Then, a colorimetric HTS assay for general PLA activity detection (cHTS-PLA) using enriched PC (≈60%) as substrate and cresol red as indicator was developed and applied; this cHTS-PLA assay was validated with known PLAs. For the first time, actinomycete strains were cultivated by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using PC as inductor and sugar-cane bagasse as support to produce high PLA activity (from 207 to 2,591 mU/g of support). Phospholipase activity of the enzymatic extracts from SSF was determined using the implemented cHTS-PLA assay and the PC hydrolysis products obtained, were analyzed by TLC showing the presence of lyso-PC. Three actinomycete strains of the Streptomyces genus that stood out for high accumulation of lyso-PC, were selected and analyzed with the specific substrate 1,2-α-eleostearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (EEPC) in order to confirm the presence of PLA activity in their enzymatic extracts. Overall, the results obtained pave the way toward the HTS of PLA activity in crude microbial enzymatic extracts at a larger scale. The cHTS-PLA assay developed here can be also proposed as a routine assay for PLA activity determination during enzyme purification,directed evolution or mutagenesis approaches. In addition, the production of PLA activity by actinomycetes using SSF allow find and produce novel PLAs with potential applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Sutto-Ortiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7282, Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - María de Los Angeles Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.,Departamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Manuel R Kirchmayr
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7282, Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jorge A Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Su L, Jiang Q, Yu L, Wu J. Enhanced extracellular production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli by co-expression with Bacillus cereus phospholipase C. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:24. [PMID: 28178978 PMCID: PMC5299778 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our laboratory has reported a strategy for improving the extracellular production of recombinant proteins through co-expression with Thermobifida fusca cutinase, which increases membrane permeability via its phospholipid hydrolysis activity. However, the foam generated by the lysophospholipid product makes the fermentation process difficult to control in a fermentor. Phospholipase C (PLC) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to produce sn1,2-diacylglycerides and organic phosphate, which do not induce foam formation. Therefore, co-expression with Bacillus cereus PLC was investigated as a method to improve the extracellular production of recombinant proteins. RESULTS When B. cereus PLC was expressed in Escherichia coli without its signal peptide, 95.3% of the total PLC activity was detected in the culture supernatant. PLC expression enhanced membrane permeability without obvious cell lysis. Then, six test enzymes, three secretory and three cytosolic, were co-expressed with B. cereus PLC. The enhancement of extracellular production correlated strongly with the molecular mass of the test enzyme. Extracellular production of Streptomyces sp. FA1 xylanase (43 kDa), which had the lowest molecular mass among the secretory enzymes, was 4.0-fold that of its individual expression control. Extracellular production of glutamate decarboxylase (51 kDa), which had the lowest molecular mass among the cytosolic enzymes, reached 26.7 U/mL; 88.3% of the total activity produced. This strategy was effectively scaled up using a 3-L fermentor. No obvious foam was generated during this fermentation process. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to detail the enhanced extracellular production of recombinant proteins through co-expression with PLC. This new strategy, which is especially appropriate for lower molecular mass proteins, allows large-scale protein production in an easily controlled fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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42
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Su L, Ji D, Tao X, Yu L, Wu J, Xia Y. Recombinant expression, characterization, and application of a phospholipase B from Fusarium oxysporum. J Biotechnol 2017; 242:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Bakholdina SI, Tischenko NM, Sidorin EV, Isaeva MP, Likhatskaya GN, Dmitrenok PS, Kim NY, Chernikov OV, Solov'eva TF. Recombinant Phospholipase A1 of the Outer Membrane of Psychrotrophic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: Expression, Purification, and Characterization. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:47-57. [PMID: 26885582 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pldA gene encoding membrane-bound phospholipase A1 of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Recombinant phospholipase A1 (rPldA) was isolated from inclusion bodies dissolved in 8 M urea by two-stage chromatography (ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography) as an inactive monomer. The molecular mass of the rPldA determined by MALDI-TOF MS was 31.7 ± 0.4 kDa. The highly purified rPldA was refolded by 10-fold dilution with buffer containing 10 mM Triton X-100 and subsequent incubation at room temperature for 16 h. The refolded rPldA hydrolyzed 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine in the presence of calcium ions. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 37°C and nearly 40% of maximal activity at 15°C. The phospholipase A1 was active over a wide range of pH from 4 to 11, exhibiting maximal activity at pH 10. Spatial structure models of the monomer and the dimer of Y. pseudotuberculosis phospholipase A1 were constructed, and functionally important amino acid residues of the enzyme were determined. Structural differences between phospholipases A1 from Y. pseudotuberculosis and E. coli, which can affect the functional activity of the enzyme, were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Bakholdina
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Far East Branch, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
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Yuan M, Yang X, Li Y, Liu H, Pu J, Zhan CG, Liao F. Facile Alkaline Lysis of Escherichia coli Cells in High-Throughput Mode for Screening Enzyme Mutants: Arylsulfatase as an Example. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:545-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Borrelli GM, Trono D. Recombinant Lipases and Phospholipases and Their Use as Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20774-840. [PMID: 26340621 PMCID: PMC4613230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases and phospholipases are interfacial enzymes that hydrolyze hydrophobic ester linkages of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. In addition to their role as esterases, these enzymes catalyze a plethora of other reactions; indeed, lipases also catalyze esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions, and phospholipases also show acyltransferase, transacylase and transphosphatidylation activities. Thus, lipases and phospholipases represent versatile biocatalysts that are widely used in various industrial applications, such as for biodiesels, food, nutraceuticals, oil degumming and detergents; minor applications also include bioremediation, agriculture, cosmetics, leather and paper industries. These enzymes are ubiquitous in most living organisms, across animals, plants, yeasts, fungi and bacteria. For their greater availability and their ease of production, microbial lipases and phospholipases are preferred to those derived from animals and plants. Nevertheless, traditional purification strategies from microbe cultures have a number of disadvantages, which include non-reproducibility and low yields. Moreover, native microbial enzymes are not always suitable for biocatalytic processes. The development of molecular techniques for the production of recombinant heterologous proteins in a host system has overcome these constraints, as this allows high-level protein expression and production of new redesigned enzymes with improved catalytic properties. These can meet the requirements of specific industrial process better than the native enzymes. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structural and functional features of lipases and phospholipases, to describe the recent advances in optimization of the production of recombinant lipases and phospholipases, and to summarize the information available relating to their major applications in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M Borrelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 200-71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 200-71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Hama S, Ogino C, Kondo A. Enzymatic synthesis and modification of structured phospholipids: recent advances in enzyme preparation and biocatalytic processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7879-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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47
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Elleboudy NS, Aboulwafa MM, Hassouna NAH. Phospholipase C from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus; characterization of catalytic activity. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:860-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Gerits LR, Pareyt B, Decamps K, Delcour JA. Lipases and Their Functionality in the Production of Wheat-Based Food Systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lien R. Gerits
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 - box 2463 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Bram Pareyt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 - box 2463 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Karolien Decamps
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 - box 2463 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Jan A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 - box 2463 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
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Gedvilaite A, Jomantiene R, Dabrisius J, Norkiene M, Davis RE. Functional analysis of a lipolytic protein encoded in phytoplasma phage based genomic island. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:388-94. [PMID: 24168924 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Wall-less bacteria known as phytoplasmas are obligate transkingdom parasites and pathogens of plants and insect vectors. These unusual bacteria possess some of the smallest genomes known among pathogenic bacteria, and have never been successfully isolated in artificial culture. Disease symptoms induced by phytoplasmas in infected plants include abnormal growth and often severe yellowing of leaves, but mechanisms involved in phytoplasma parasitism and pathogenicity are little understood. A phage based genomic island (sequence variable mosaic, SVM) in the genome of Malaysian periwinkle yellows (MPY) phytoplasma harbors a gene encoding membrane-targeted proteins, including a putative phospholipase (PL), potentially important in pathogen-host interactions. Since some phytoplasmal disease symptoms could possibly be accounted for, at least in part, by damage and/or degradation of host cell membranes, we hypothesize that the MPY phytoplasma putative PL is an active enzyme. To test this hypothesis, functional analysis of the MPY putative pl gene-encoded protein was carried out in vitro after its expression in bacterial and yeast hosts. The results demonstrated that the heterologously expressed phytoplasmal putative PL is an active lipolytic enzyme and could possibly act as a pathogenicity factor in the plant, and/or insect, host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Gedvilaite
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, Graiciuno 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jonas Dabrisius
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, Graiciuno 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Norkiene
- Institute of Biotechnology Vilnius University, Graiciuno 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania; Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robert E Davis
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Extracellular location of Thermobifida fusca cutinase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) without mediation of a signal peptide. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4192-8. [PMID: 23603671 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00239-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutinase is a multifunctional esterase with potential industrial applications. In the present study, a truncated version of the extracellular Thermobifida fusca cutinase without a signal peptide (referred to as cutinase(NS)) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The results showed that the majority of the cutinase activity was located in the culture medium. In a 3-liter fermentor, the cutinase activity in the culture medium reached 1,063.5 U/ml (2,380.8 mg/liter), and the productivity was 40.9 U/ml/h. Biochemical characterization of the purified cutinase(NS) showed that it has enzymatic properties similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. In addition, E. coli cells producing inactive cutinase(NS)S130A were constructed, and it was found that the majority of the inactive enzyme was located in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, T. fusca cutinase was confirmed to have hydrolytic activity toward phospholipids, an important component of the cell membrane. Compared to the cells expressing the inactive cutinase(NS)S130A, the cells expressing cutinase(NS) showed increased membrane permeability and irregular morphology. Based on these results, a hypothesis of "cell leakage induced by the limited phospholipid hydrolysis of cutinase(NS)" was proposed to explain the underlying mechanism for the extracellular release of cutinase(NS).
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