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Jia Z, Zhang B, Sharma A, Kim NS, Purohit SM, Green MM, Roche MR, Holliday E, Chen H. Revelation of the sciences of traditional foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Sabbadini S, Capocasa F, Battino M, Mazzoni L, Mezzetti B. Improved nutritional quality in fruit tree species through traditional and biotechnological approaches. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Goodfellow S, Zhang D, Wang MB, Zhang R. Bacterium-Mediated RNA Interference: Potential Application in Plant Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E572. [PMID: 31817412 PMCID: PMC6963952 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RNAi has emerged as a promising tool for targeting agricultural pests and pathogens and could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional means of control. However, the deployment of this technology is still limited by a lack of suitable exogenous- or externally applied delivery mechanisms. Numerous means of overcoming this limitation are being explored. One such method, bacterium-mediated RNA interference, or bmRNAi, has been explored in other systems and shows great potential for application to agriculture. Here, we review the current state of bmRNAi, examine the technical limitations and possible improvements, and discuss its potential applications in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Goodfellow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Daai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ming-Bo Wang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ren Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Ojiambo PS, Battilani P, Cary JW, Blum BH, Carbone I. Cultural and Genetic Approaches to Manage Aflatoxin Contamination: Recent Insights Provide Opportunities for Improved Control. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1024-1037. [PMID: 29869954 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-18-0134-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a morphologically complex species that can produce the group of polyketide derived carcinogenic and mutagenic secondary metabolites, aflatoxins, as well as other secondary metabolites such as cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Aflatoxin causes aflatoxicosis when aflatoxins are ingested through contaminated food and feed. In addition, aflatoxin contamination is a major problem, from both an economic and health aspect, in developing countries, especially Asia and Africa, where cereals and peanuts are important food crops. Earlier measures for control of A. flavus infection and consequent aflatoxin contamination centered on creating unfavorable environments for the pathogen and destroying contaminated products. While development of atoxigenic (nonaflatoxin producing) strains of A. flavus as viable commercial biocontrol agents has marked a unique advance for control of aflatoxin contamination, particularly in Africa, new insights into the biology and sexuality of A. flavus are now providing opportunities to design improved atoxigenic strains for sustainable biological control of aflatoxin. Further, progress in the use of molecular technologies such as incorporation of antifungal genes in the host and host-induced gene silencing, is providing knowledge that could be harnessed to develop germplasm that is resistant to infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination. This review summarizes the substantial progress that has been made to understand the biology of A. flavus and mitigate aflatoxin contamination with emphasis on maize. Concepts developed to date can provide a basis for future research efforts on the sustainable management of aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Ojiambo
- First and fifth authors: Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695; second author: Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; third author: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Paola Battilani
- First and fifth authors: Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695; second author: Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; third author: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Jeffrey W Cary
- First and fifth authors: Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695; second author: Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; third author: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Burt H Blum
- First and fifth authors: Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695; second author: Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; third author: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - Ignazio Carbone
- First and fifth authors: Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695; second author: Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; third author: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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Almeida Garcia R, Lima Pepino Macedo L, Cabral do Nascimento D, Gillet FX, Moreira-Pinto CE, Faheem M, Moreschi Basso AM, Mattar Silva MC, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Nucleases as a barrier to gene silencing in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189600. [PMID: 29261729 PMCID: PMC5738047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) approaches have been applied as a biotechnological tool for controlling plant insect pests via selective gene down regulation. However, the inefficiency of RNAi mechanism in insects is associated with several barriers, including dsRNA delivery and uptake by the cell, dsRNA interaction with the cellular membrane receptor and dsRNA exposure to insect gut nucleases during feeding. The cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a coleopteran in which RNAi-mediated gene silencing does not function efficiently through dsRNA feeding, and the factors involved in the mechanism remain unknown. Herein, we identified three nucleases in the cotton boll weevil transcriptome denoted AgraNuc1, AgraNuc2, and AgraNuc3, and the influences of these nucleases on the gene silencing of A. grandis chitin synthase II (AgraChSII) were evaluated through oral dsRNA feeding trials. A phylogenetic analysis showed that all three nucleases share high similarity with the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family of other insects. These nucleases were found to be mainly expressed in the posterior midgut region of the insect. Two days after nuclease RNAi-mediated gene silencing, dsRNA degradation by the gut juice was substantially reduced. Notably, after nucleases gene silencing, the orally delivered dsRNA against the AgraChSII gene resulted in improved gene silencing efficiency when compared to the control (non-silenced nucleases). The data presented here demonstrates that A. grandis midgut nucleases are effectively one of the main barriers to dsRNA delivery and emphasize the need to develop novel RNAi delivery strategies focusing on protecting the dsRNA from gut nucleases and enhancing its oral delivery and uptake to crop insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Almeida Garcia
- Brasilia Federal University (UnB), Brasília - CEP, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Clidia Eduarda Moreira-Pinto
- Brasilia Federal University (UnB), Brasília - CEP, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, CEP, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Thakare D, Zhang J, Wing RA, Cotty PJ, Schmidt MA. Aflatoxin-free transgenic maize using host-induced gene silencing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602382. [PMID: 28345051 PMCID: PMC5345927 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species, are a universal agricultural economic problem and a critical health issue. Despite decades of control efforts, aflatoxin contamination is responsible for a global loss of millions of tons of crops each year. We show that host-induced gene silencing is an effective method for eliminating this toxin in transgenic maize. We transformed maize plants with a kernel-specific RNA interference (RNAi) gene cassette targeting the aflC gene, which encodes an enzyme in the Aspergillus aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. After pathogen infection, aflatoxin could not be detected in kernels from these RNAi transgenic maize plants, while toxin loads reached thousands of parts per billion in nontransgenic control kernels. A comparison of transcripts in developing aflatoxin-free transgenic kernels with those from nontransgenic kernels showed no significant differences between these two groups. These results demonstrate that small interfering RNA molecules can be used to silence aflatoxin biosynthesis in maize, providing an attractive and precise engineering strategy that could also be extended to other crops to improve food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Thakare
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Arizona Genomics Institute, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rod A. Wing
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Arizona Genomics Institute, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Peter J. Cotty
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Monica A. Schmidt
- BIO5 Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Bona ACD, Chitolina RF, Fermino ML, de Castro Poncio L, Weiss A, Lima JBP, Paldi N, Bernardes ES, Henen J, Maori E. Larval application of sodium channel homologous dsRNA restores pyrethroid insecticide susceptibility in a resistant adult mosquito population. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:397. [PMID: 27416771 PMCID: PMC4946210 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes host and pass on to humans a variety of disease-causing pathogens such as infectious viruses and other parasitic microorganisms. The emergence and spread of insecticide resistance is threatening the effectiveness of current control measures for common mosquito vector borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue and Zika. Therefore, the emerging resistance to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides is an alarming problem for public health. Herein we demonstrated the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to increase susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to a widely used pyrethroid insecticide. METHODS Experiments were performed on a field-collected pyrethroid resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Rio de Janeiro; RJ). Larvae from the resistant Ae. aegypti population were soaked with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that correspond either to voltage-gate sodium channel (VGSC), P-glycoprotein, or P450 detoxification genes and reared to adulthood. Adult mortality rates in the presence of various Deltamethrin pyrethroid concentrations were used to assess mosquito insecticide susceptibility. RESULTS We characterized the RJ Ae. aegypti strain with regard to its level of resistance to a pyrethroid insecticide and found that it was approximately 6 times more resistant to Deltamethrin compared to the laboratory Rockefeller strain. The RJ strain displayed a higher frequency of Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys substitutions of the VGSC gene. The resistant strain also displayed a higher basal expression level of VGSC compared to the Rockefeller strain. When dsRNA-treated mosquitoes were subjected to a standard pyrethroid contact bioassay, only dsRNA targeting VGSC increased the adult mortality of the pyrethroid resistant strain. The dsRNA treatment proved effective in increasing adult mosquito susceptibility over a range of pyrethroid concentrations and these results were associated with dsRNA-specific small interfering RNAs in treated adults, and the corresponding specific down regulation of VGSC gene expression level. Finally, we demonstrated that the efficiency of our approach was further improved by 'tiling' along the VGSC gene in order to identify the most potent dsRNA sequences. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that dsRNA applied to mosquito larvae retains its biological activity into adulthood. Thus, the RNAi system reported here could be a useful approach to control the widespread insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and other insect vectors of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de artrópodes vetores, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- Forrest Brasil Tecnologia Ltda, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Radiopharmacy Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eyal Maori
- Forrest Innovations Ltd, Caesarea, Israel.
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Shukla JN, Kalsi M, Sethi A, Narva KE, Fishilevich E, Singh S, Mogilicherla K, Palli SR. Reduced stability and intracellular transport of dsRNA contribute to poor RNAi response in lepidopteran insects. RNA Biol 2016; 13:656-69. [PMID: 27245473 PMCID: PMC4962799 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1191728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used reverse genetic tool to study gene function in eukaryotic organisms and is being developed as a technology for insect pest management. The efficiency of RNAi varies among organisms. Insects from different orders also display differential efficiency of RNAi, ranging from highly efficient (coleopterans) to very low efficient (lepidopterans). We investigated the reasons for varying RNAi efficiency between lepidopteran and coleopteran cell lines and also between the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. The dsRNA either injected or fed was degraded faster in H. virescens than in L. decemlineata. Both lepidopteran and coleopteran cell lines and tissues efficiently took up the dsRNA. Interestingly, the dsRNA administered to coleopteran cell lines and tissues was taken up and processed to siRNA whereas the dsRNA was taken up by lepidopteran cell lines and tissues but no siRNA was detected in the total RNA isolated from these cell lines and tissues. The data included in this paper showed that the degradation and intracellular transport of dsRNA are the major factors responsible for reduced RNAi efficiency in lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Nath Shukla
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Megha Kalsi
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Amit Sethi
- b Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer , Johnston , IA , USA
| | | | | | - Satnam Singh
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- a Department of Entomology , College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agriculture Science Center North, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Liu SM, Li J, Zhu JQ, Wang XW, Wang CS, Liu SS, Chen XX, Li S. Transgenic plants expressing the AaIT/GNA fusion protein show increased resistance and toxicity to both chewing and sucking pests. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:265-76. [PMID: 25641865 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of pest-resistant transgenic plants to reduce yield losses and decrease pesticide use has been successful. To achieve the goal of controlling both chewing and sucking pests in a given transgenic plant, we generated transgenic tobacco, Arabidopsis, and rice plants expressing the fusion protein, AaIT/GNA, in which an insecticidal scorpion venom neurotoxin (Androctonus australis toxin, AaIT) is fused to snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA). Compared with transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants expressing AaIT or GNA, transgenic plants expressing AaIT/GNA exhibited increased resistance and toxicity to one chewing pest, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Transgenic tobacco and rice plants expressing AaIT/GNA showed increased resistance and toxicity to two sucking pests, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, respectively. Moreover, in the field, transgenic rice plants expressing AaIT/GNA exhibited a significant improvement in grain yield when infested with N. lugens. This study shows that expressing the AaIT/GNA fusion protein in transgenic plants can be a useful approach for controlling pests, particularly sucking pests which are not susceptible to the toxin in Bt crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Casacuberta JM, Devos Y, du Jardin P, Ramon M, Vaucheret H, Nogué F. Biotechnological uses of RNAi in plants: risk assessment considerations. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:145-7. [PMID: 25721261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RNAi offers opportunities to generate new traits in genetically modified (GM) plants. Instead of expressing novel proteins, RNAi-based GM plants reduce target gene expression. Silencing of off-target genes may trigger unintended effects, and identifying these genes would facilitate risk assessment. However, using bioinformatics alone is not reliable, due to the lack of genomic data and insufficient knowledge of mechanisms governing mRNA-small (s)RNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Casacuberta
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Universitat de Barcelona, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra - Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Devos
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Matthew Ramon
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Hervé Vaucheret
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France; AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Nogué
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France; AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France.
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Katoch R, Sharma K, Singh SK, Thakur N. Evaluation and characterization of trypsin inhibitor from rice bean with inhibitory activity against gut proteases of Spodoptera litura. Z NATURFORSCH C 2015; 70:287-95. [PMID: 26618568 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin inhibitor (TI) in rice bean (Vigna umbellata) varied spatio-temporally in different parts of the plant, with the highest level (30.9 mg/g d.w.) noted in the maturing seeds of genotype BRS-2 at 160 days after planting (DAP). The TI from rice bean seeds was isolated and purified approximately 182-fold, with a final yield of 29% using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography through DEAE-Sepharose, gel permeation through Superdex-75, and finally by affinity chromatography using a trypsin-Sepharose column. The purified TI showed a single band on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions with an apparent molecular mass of 24 kDa. The highest activity of purified inhibitor (about 90%) was recorded at pH 4.0 at 37 °C, suggesting the stability of the inhibitor under acidic conditions. The TI exhibited an inhibitory effect against Spodoptera litura larvae. A progressive decline in larval weight, growth, and survival rate of larval development was observed after feeding S. litura larvae on a diet supplemented with increasing concentrations of rice bean TI. The highest TI content in the seeds nearing maturity correlates to the role of TIs in protecting against insect pests. The study clarifies the role of rice bean protease inhibitors as a potential strategy against insectpests of economic importance.
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12
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Martínez-Bello L, Moritz T, López-Díaz I. Silencing C19-GA 2-oxidases induces parthenocarpic development and inhibits lateral branching in tomato plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5897-910. [PMID: 26093022 PMCID: PMC4566981 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. Levels of active GAs are regulated by biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes like the GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) C19 GA2oxs are encoded by a small multigenic family of five members with some degree of redundancy. In order to investigate their roles in tomato, the silencing of all five genes in transgenic plants was induced. A significant increase in active GA4 content was found in the ovaries of transgenic plants. In addition, the transgenic unfertilized ovaries were much bigger than wild-type ovaries (about 30 times) and a certain proportion (5-37%) were able to develop parthenocarpically. Among the GA2ox family, genes GA2ox1 and -2 seem to be the most relevant for this phenotype since their expression was induced in unfertilized ovaries and repressed in developing fruits, inversely correlating with ovary growth. Interestingly, transgenic lines exhibited a significant inhibition of branching and a higher content of active GA4 in axillary buds. This phenotype was reverted, in transgenic plants, by the application of paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, suggesting a role for GAs as repressors of branching. In summary, this work demonstrates that GA 2-oxidases regulate gibberellin levels in ovaries and axillary buds of tomato plants and their silencing is responsible for parthenocarpic fruit growth and branching inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliam Martínez-Bello
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, S-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Seiber JN, Coats J, Duke SO, Gross AD. Biopesticides: state of the art and future opportunities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11613-9. [PMID: 25406111 DOI: 10.1021/jf504252n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of biopesticides and related alternative management products is increasing. New tools, including semiochemicals and plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), as well as botanical and microbially derived chemicals, are playing an increasing role in pest management, along with plant and animal genetics, biological control, cultural methods, and newer synthetics. The goal of this Perspective is to highlight promising new biopesticide research and development (R&D), based upon recently published work and that presented in the American Chemical Society (ACS) symposium "Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities," as well as the authors' own perspectives. Although the focus is on biopesticides, included in this Perspective is progress with products exhibiting similar characteristics, namely those naturally occurring or derived from natural products. These are target specific, of low toxicity to nontarget organisms, reduced in persistence in the environment, and potentially usable in organic agriculture. Progress is being made, illustrated by the number of biopesticides and related products in the registration pipeline, yet major commercial opportunities exist for new bioherbicides and bionematicides, in part occasioned by the emergence of weeds resistant to glyphosate and the phase-out of methyl bromide. The emergence of entrepreneurial start-up companies, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fast track for biopesticides, and the availability of funding for registration-related R&D for biorational pesticides through the U.S. IR-4 program provide incentives for biopesticide development, but an expanded effort is warranted both in the United States and worldwide to support this relatively nascent industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Seiber
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Katoch R, Singh SK, Thakur N, Dutt S, Yadav SK, Shukle R. Cloning, characterization, expression analysis and inhibition studies of a novel gene encoding Bowman–Birk type protease inhibitor from rice bean. Gene 2014; 546:342-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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York LM, Nord EA, Lynch JP. Integration of root phenes for soil resource acquisition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:355. [PMID: 24062755 PMCID: PMC3771073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal availability of water and nutrients is a primary limitation to plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. The acquisition of soil resources by plant roots is therefore an important component of plant fitness and agricultural productivity. Plant root systems comprise a set of phenes, or traits, that interact. Phenes are the units of the plant phenotype, and phene states represent the variation in form and function a particular phene may take. Root phenes can be classified as affecting resource acquisition or utilization, influencing acquisition through exploration or exploitation, and in being metabolically influential or neutral. These classifications determine how one phene will interact with another phene, whether through foraging mechanisms or metabolic economics. Phenes that influence one another through foraging mechanisms are likely to operate within a phene module, a group of interacting phenes, that may be co-selected. Examples of root phene interactions discussed are: (1) root hair length × root hair density, (2) lateral branching × root cortical aerenchyma (RCA), (3) adventitious root number × adventitious root respiration and basal root growth angle (BRGA), (4) nodal root number × RCA, and (5) BRGA × root hair length and density. Progress in the study of phenes and phene interactions will be facilitated by employing simulation modeling and near-isophenic lines that allow the study of specific phenes and phene combinations within a common phenotypic background. Developing a robust understanding of the phenome at the organismal level will require new lines of inquiry into how phenotypic integration influences plant function in diverse environments. A better understanding of how root phenes interact to affect soil resource acquisition will be an important tool in the breeding of crops with superior stress tolerance and reduced dependence on intensive use of inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry M. York
- Intercollege Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA, USA
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA, USA
| | - Eric A. Nord
- Intercollege Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA, USA
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Intercollege Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA, USA
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA, USA
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RNAi for Insect Control: Current Perspective and Future Challenges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:847-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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