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Rasheed PA, Ankitha M, Pillai VK, Alwarappan S. Graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16001-16023. [PMID: 38765479 PMCID: PMC11099990 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are low dimensional carbon based materials with interesting physical, chemical and biological properties that enable their applications in numerous fields. GQDs possess unique electronic structures that impart special functional attributes such as tunable optical/electrical properties in addition to heteroatom-doping and more importantly a propensity for surface functionalization for applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Herein, we review the recent advancements in the top-down and bottom-up approaches for the synthesis of GQDs. Following this, we present a detailed review of the various surface properties of GQDs and their applications in bioimaging and biosensing. GQDs have been used for fluorescence imaging for visualizing tumours and monitoring the therapeutic responses in addition to magnetic resonance imaging applications. Similarly, the photoluminescence based biosensing applications of GQDs for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, micro RNA, DNA, horse radish peroxidase, heavy metal ions, negatively charged ions, cardiac troponin, etc. are discussed in this review. Finally, we conclude the review with a discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Menon Ankitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Vijayamohanan K Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Rami Reddy Nagar Mangalam Tirupati AP 517507 India
| | - Subbiah Alwarappan
- Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 Tamilnadu India
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2
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Kyomuhimbo HD, Feleni U, Haneklaus NH, Brink H. Recent Advances in Applications of Oxidases and Peroxidases Polymer-Based Enzyme Biocatalysts in Sensing and Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3492. [PMID: 37631549 PMCID: PMC10460086 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidase and peroxidase enzymes have attracted attention in various biotechnological industries due to their ease of synthesis, wide range of applications, and operation under mild conditions. Their applicability, however, is limited by their poor stability in harsher conditions and their non-reusability. As a result, several approaches such as enzyme engineering, medium engineering, and enzyme immobilization have been used to improve the enzyme properties. Several materials have been used as supports for these enzymes to increase their stability and reusability. This review focusses on the immobilization of oxidase and peroxidase enzymes on metal and metal oxide nanoparticle-polymer composite supports and the different methods used to achieve the immobilization. The application of the enzyme-metal/metal oxide-polymer biocatalysts in biosensing of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, pesticides, and herbicides as well as blood components such as cholesterol, urea, dopamine, and xanthine have been extensively reviewed. The application of the biocatalysts in wastewater treatment through degradation of dyes, pesticides, and other organic compounds has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Dinah Kyomuhimbo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Usisipho Feleni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Nils H. Haneklaus
- Transdisciplinarity Laboratory Sustainable Mineral Resources, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria;
| | - Hendrik Brink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Kim SE, Yoon JC, Jang SR, Yoo YJ, Tae HJ, Park CH, Kim CS, Muthurasu A, Kim HY. In Vivo and In Vitro Biodistribution of Inulin-Tethered Boron-Doped Amine-Functionalized Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1002-1010. [PMID: 36629494 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are considered a potential substance for use in biomarker applications due to their exceptional light stability. However, there are several unsolved uncertainties about CD toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a redesigned derivative of the natural polysaccharide inulin is connected with boron-doped amine-functionalized carbon dots (In@BN-CDs) through carbodiimide coupling to improve the biocompatibility of the nanoformulation. The toxicity and biodistribution of ln@BN-CDs in vivo and in vitro were explored in detail. The In@BN-CDs were tested after a single inhalation dosage of 10, 7, 5, 3, and 1 mg/kg. We explored a dose- and time-dependent technique of collecting blood samples and then centrifuged the blood samples and obtained serum samples, which were then analyzed for fluorescence inspection; findings showed that the fluorescence intensity decreased with time. Similarly, In@BN-CDs were effectively used as in vitro toxicity and fluorescent probes for cellular imaging in living cells due to their biocompatibility and cell membrane accessibility. The biocompatibility and efficacy of In@BN-CDs as fluorescent imaging agents have been demonstrated. The data suggest that the usage of In@BN-CDs in vitro and in vivo should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jae Chol Yoon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Se Rim Jang
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Alagan Muthurasu
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Kim
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Suresh RR, Kulandaisamy AJ, Nesakumar N, Nagarajan S, Lee JH, Rayappan JBB. Graphene Quantum Dots – Hydrothermal Green Synthesis, Material Characterization and Prospects for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Applications: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavv Raghavender Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arockia Jayalatha Kulandaisamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- Department of Bioengineering School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saisubramanian Nagarajan
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
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5
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Olegovich Bokov D, Jalil AT, Alsultany FH, Mahmoud MZ, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Qasim MT, Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad P. Ir-decorated gallium nitride nanotubes as a chemical sensor for recognition of mesalamine drug: a DFT study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.2025234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Iraq
| | - Forat H. Alsultany
- Medical Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Z. Mahmoud
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Maytham T. Qasim
- Ministry of Education, Directorate Thi-Qar Education, Thi-Qar, Iraq
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
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Devi P, Kukkar D, Kaur M, Thakur A, Kim KH, Kukkar P, Kaur K, Kaur H. Conjugate of graphene quantum dots and glutaminase for the sensing of L-glutamine: Electrochemical vs. fluorescent sensing approaches. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kir Ş, Dehri İ, Önal Y, Esen R. Graphene quantum dots prepared from dried lemon leaves and microcrystalline mosaic structure. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1365-1376. [PMID: 33891362 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There are the smallest structural units (carbon and/or quantum dots) in the structure of living plants. This carbon and/or quantum dots are stem cells of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şifa Kir
- Faculty of Science & Letters, Department of Chemistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - İlyas Dehri
- Faculty of Science & Letters, Department of Chemistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yunus Önal
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Esen
- Faculty of Science & Letters, Department of Physics, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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8
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Yazdanparast S, Benvidi A, Abbasi S, Sabbagh SK. Monitoring the mechanism of anti-cancer agents to inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation: Enzymatic biosensing of glucose combined with molecular docking. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109804. [PMID: 34116755 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, a major energy source in cellular metabolism, has a significant role in cell growth. The increase in glucose uptake is a distinguishing hallmark in cancer cells. A key step in glucose utilization is the transport of glucose to the cancer cells for supplying their additional energy. The glucose transporter (or GLUT) family is a membrane protein which facilitates the uptake of glucose in most cancer cell types. Given the increased glucose level in cancer cells and the regulatory role of GLUTs in glucose uptake, it is required to combine both experimental and theoretical studies to develop new methods to monitor cell proliferation. Herein, for the first time, a new strategy was proposed to evaluate the cell proliferation of HT-29 based on glucose consumption in the presence of resveratrol (RSV) as an anticancer agent. A hybrid nanocomposite of carbon nanofibers and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots was used to design an enzymatic sensor for the selective and sensitive determination of glucose in cancer cells. The results obtained from the voltammetric technique were compared with the conventional colorimetric assay. A good correlation was observed between the proliferation rate and glucose utilization by cancer cells. As it was observed, RSV induces a decrease in glucose consumption, indicating lower glucose uptake efficiency for HT-29 cells. Molecular docking studies reveal that RSV can block the interaction of glucose with the GLUT family. This is one of the possible mechanisms for the decrease of glucose level followed by the reduction of cell proliferation in the presence of RSV. Compared with traditional methods, in vitro electrochemical techniques benefit from simple, nontoxic, sensitive and low-cost detection assays and hence serve as a novel tool to pursue the growth inhibition of cancer cell in response to anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yazdanparast
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
| | - Ali Benvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran.
| | - Saleheh Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
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9
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Ding L, He H, Zhou J, Wang D, Nian Q, Li S, Qian S, Li W, Liu C, Liang Z. Preparation of high-quality graphene oxide-carbon quantum dots composites and their application for electrochemical sensing of uric acid and ascorbic acid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:135501. [PMID: 33285528 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd12a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide-quantum dots systems are emerging as a new class of materials that hold promise for biochemical sensing applications. In this paper, the eco-friendly carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are prepared with cheap and recyclable coke powders as carbon source. The graphene oxide-carbon quantum dots (GO-CQDs) composites are synthesized using graphene oxide as the conductive skeleton to load the CQDs by a one-step calcination method. The obtained GO-CQDs composites demonstrate the successful decoration of CQDs on GO nanosheets. The CQDs acting as spacers create gaps between GO sheets, resulting in a high surface area, which electively increases the electrolyte accessibility and electronic transmission. The electrocatalytic activity and reversibility of GO-CQDs composites can be effectively enhanced by tuning the mass ratio of GO to CQDs and the heating process. Furthermore, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for determining uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) was developed by modifying GO-CQDs composites onto a glassy carbon electrode. The results show that the linear range, minimum detection limit, and sensitivity of the GO-CQDs electrode for UA detection are 1-150 μM, 0.01 μM, and 2319.4 μA mM-1 cm-2, respectively, and those for AA detection are 800-9000 μM, 31.57 μM, and 53.1 μA mM-1 cm-2, respectively. The GO-CQDs are employed as the electrode materials for the serum and urine samples electrochemical sensing, the results indicate that the sensor can be used for the analysis of real biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steel making, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steel making, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steel making, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dini Wang
- School of Engineering for Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Qiong Nian
- School of Engineering for Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Shiqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control System for Offshore Environment, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing 350300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steel making, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steel making, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyong Liang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Coal-based Ecological Fine Chemicals, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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Kaya HO, Cetin AE, Azimzadeh M, Topkaya SN. Pathogen detection with electrochemical biosensors: Advantages, challenges and future perspectives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021; 882:114989. [PMID: 33456428 PMCID: PMC7794054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.114989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Detection of pathogens, e.g., bacteria and viruses, is still a big challenge in analytical medicine due to their vast number and variety. Developing strategies for rapid, inexpensive, specific, and sensitive detection of the pathogens using nanomaterials, integrating with microfluidics devices, amplification methods, or even combining these strategies have received significant attention. Especially, after the health-threatening COVID-19 outbreak, rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens became very critical. Detection of pathogens could be realized with electrochemical, optical, mass sensitive, or thermal methods. Among them, electrochemical methods are very promising by bringing different advantages, i.e., they exhibit more versatile detection schemes and real-time quantification as well as label-free measurements, which provides a broader application perspective. In this review, we discuss the recent advances for the detection of bacteria and viruses using electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection were broadly reviewed in terms of analyte, bio-recognition and transduction elements. Different fabrication techniques, detection principles, and applications of various pathogens with the electrochemical biosensors were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Oğuzhan Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arif E Cetin
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 89195-999 Yazd, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 89195-999 Yazd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8916188635 Yazd, Iran
| | - Seda Nur Topkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
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Walther BK, Dinu CZ, Guldi DM, Sergeyev VG, Creager SE, Cooke JP, Guiseppi-Elie A. Nanobiosensing with graphene and carbon quantum dots: Recent advances. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2020; 39:23-46. [PMID: 37974933 PMCID: PMC10653125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and carbon quantum dots (GQDs and CQDs) are relatively new nanomaterials that have demonstrated impact in multiple different fields thanks to their unique quantum properties and excellent biocompatibility. Biosensing, analyte detection and monitoring wherein a key feature is coupled molecular recognition and signal transduction, is one such field that is being greatly advanced by the use of GQDs and CQDs. In this review, recent progress on the development of biotransducers and biosensors enabled by the creative use of GQDs and CQDs is reviewed, with special emphasis on how these materials specifically interface with biomolecules to improve overall analyte detection. This review also introduces nano-enabled biotransducers and different biosensing configurations and strategies, as well as highlights key properties of GQDs and CQDs that are pertinent to functional biotransducer design. Following relevant introductory material, the literature is surveyed with emphasis on work performed over the last 5 years. General comments and suggestions to advance the direction and potential of the field are included throughout the review. The strategic purpose is to inspire and guide future investigations into biosensor design for quality and safety, as well as serve as a primer for developing GQD- and CQD-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Walther
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir G. Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stephen E. Creager
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Effect of graphene oxide with different morphological characteristics on properties of immobilized enzyme in the covalent method. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1847-1858. [PMID: 32448987 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene oxide (GO) has great potential in the field of immobilized enzyme catalysts, the detailed effects of GO with different morphological structures on immobilized enzyme are not well understood. GOs were prepared from 8000 mesh and nanoscale graphite at different reaction temperatures, and used as carriers to immobilize alpha-amylase by cross-linking method. The properties of GOs were characterized through Atomic force microscope, Fourier-transformed infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and UV-Vis. Furthermore, the dosage of cross-linking agent, cross-linking time, optimum temperature/pH, thermal/pH/storage stability, reusability and kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes were investigated. The results showed that the loading of alpha-amylase on GOs was 162.3-274.2 mg g-1. The reusability experiments revealed high activity maintenance of immobilized alpha-amylase even after seven reaction cycles. Moreover, the storage stability of immobilized enzyme improved via immobilization in comparison with free one and it maintained over 70% of their initial activity after 20 days storage at 4 °C.
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Mansuriya BD, Altintas Z. Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1072. [PMID: 32079119 PMCID: PMC7070974 DOI: 10.3390/s20041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the proliferative cancer rates, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases and a plethora of infections across the globe, it is essential to introduce strategies that can rapidly and specifically detect the ultralow concentrations of relevant biomarkers, pathogens, toxins and pharmaceuticals in biological matrices. Considering these pathophysiologies, various research works have become necessary to fabricate biosensors for their early diagnosis and treatment, using nanomaterials like quantum dots (QDs). These nanomaterials effectively ameliorate the sensor performance with respect to their reproducibility, selectivity as well as sensitivity. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are ideally graphene fragments of nanometer size, constitute discrete features such as acting as attractive fluorophores and excellent electro-catalysts owing to their photo-stability, water-solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and lucrativeness that make them favorable candidates for a wide range of novel biomedical applications. Herein, we reviewed about 300 biomedical studies reported over the last five years which entail the state of art as well as some pioneering ideas with respect to the prominent role of GQDs, especially in the development of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors. Additionally, we outline the ideal properties of GQDs, their eclectic methods of synthesis, and the general principle behind several biosensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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Immobilization of fenugreek β-amylase onto functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using Box-Behnken design: Its biochemical, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen Q, Man H, Zhu L, Guo Z, Wang X, Tu J, Jin G, Lou J, Zhang L, Ci L. Enhanced plant antioxidant capacity and biodegradation of phenol by immobilizing peroxidase on amphoteric nitrogen-doped carbon dots. CATAL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Guarin-Guio PA, Cano-Calle HDJ, Castillo-León JJ. Detección electroquímica de peróxido de hidrógeno usando peroxidasa de pasto Guinea (Panicum maximum) inmovilizada sobre electrodos serigrafiados de puntos cuánticos. REVISTA ION 2019. [DOI: 10.18273/revion.v32n2-2019007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Los biosensores electroquímicos son herramientas analíticas de rápida y confiable respuesta que han adquirido especial interés en los últimos años gracias a la posibilidad de integrar biomoléculas con electrodos hechos a base de materiales nanométricos. En este trabajo se desarrolló un biosensor electroquímico para detección de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) usando peroxidasa de pasto Guinea (PPG) inmovilizada sobre electrodos serigrafiados de puntos cuánticos (ESPC). La PPG fue aislada y parcialmente purificada a partir de hojas de pasto Guinea con una actividad específica de 602 U mg-1. Posteriormente, la PPG fue inmovilizada sobre la superficie del ESPC mediante adsorción física y el estudio del comportamiento electroquímico fue llevado a cabo mediante voltamperometría cíclica y cronoamperometría. La PPG reveló una pareja bien definida de señales redox a 17 mV/-141 mV correspondientes al proceso redox del grupo hemo (Fe2+/Fe3+) de las peroxidasas. La reducción bioelectrocatalítica del peróxido de hidrógeno se observó a un potencial redox de -645 mV vs Ag. Este proceso fue controlado por difusión de las especies en la superficie del electrodo en un rango de velocidad de barrido lineal de 50-500 mV/s. La cronoamperometría permitió la construcción de curvas de calibración entre la corriente de reducción y la concentración del H2O2 para la determinación de parámetros analíticos como sensibilidad, rango lineal y nivel mínimo de detección. El desarrollo de este biosensor amperométrico se convierte en un paso preliminar para la construcción de un dispositivo portátil y de respuesta rápida para el análisis de H2O2 en muestras de interés ambiental y biomédico.
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Thangamuthu M, Hsieh KY, Kumar PV, Chen GY. Graphene- and Graphene Oxide-Based Nanocomposite Platforms for Electrochemical Biosensing Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2975. [PMID: 31216691 PMCID: PMC6628170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) offer excellent electrical, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Further, due to the presence of high surface area, and a rich oxygen and defect framework, they are able to form nanocomposites with metal/semiconductor nanoparticles, metal oxides, quantum dots and polymers. Such nanocomposites are becoming increasingly useful as electrochemical biosensing platforms. In this review, we present a brief introduction on the aforementioned graphene derivatives, and discuss their synthetic strategies and structure-property relationships important for biosensing. We then highlight different nanocomposite platforms that have been developed for electrochemical biosensing, introducing enzymatic biosensors, followed by non-enzymatic biosensors and immunosensors. Additionally, we briefly discuss their role in the emerging field of biomedical cell capture. Finally, a brief outlook on these topics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Thangamuthu
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kuan Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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19
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Campuzano S, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots in Electrochemical Biosensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E634. [PMID: 31010125 PMCID: PMC6523669 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (CDs) are among the latest research frontiers in carbon-based nanomaterials. They provide interesting attributes to current electrochemical biosensing due to their intrinsic low toxicity, high solubility in many solvents, excellent electronic properties, robust chemical inertness, large specific surface area, abundant edge sites for functionalization, great biocompatibility, low cost, and versatility, as well as their ability for modification with attractive surface chemistries and other modifiers/nanomaterials. In this review article, the use of GQDs and CDs as signal tags or electrode surface modifiers to develop electrochemical biosensing strategies is critically discussed through the consideration of representative approaches reported in the last five years. The advantages and disadvantages arising from the use of GQDs and CDs in this context are outlined together with the still required work to fulfil the characteristics needed to achieve suitable electrochemical enzymatic and affinity biosensors with applications in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Abstract
Background:
Graphene and its derivatives, as most promising carbonic nanomaterials have
been widely used in design and making electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Graphene quantum dots
are one of the members of this family which have been mostly known as fluorescent nanomaterials and
found extensive applications due to their remarkable optical properties. Quantum confinement and edge
effects in their structures also cause extraordinary electrochemical properties.
Objective:
Recently, graphene quantum dots besides graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxides have
been applied for modification of the electrodes too and exposed notable effects in electrochemical responses.
Here, we are going to consider these significant effects through reviewing some of the recent
published works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh L. Sanati
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Uribe PA, Ortiz CC, Centeno DA, Castillo JJ, Blanco SI, Gutierrez JA. Self-assembled Pt screen printed electrodes with a novel peroxidase Panicum maximum and zinc oxide nanoparticles for H2O2 detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Waifalkar P, Chougale A, Kollu P, Patil P, Patil P. Magnetic nanoparticle decorated graphene based electrochemical nanobiosensor for H2O2 sensing using HRP. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:425-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghosal K, Sarkar K. Biomedical Applications of Graphene Nanomaterials and Beyond. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2653-2703. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Ghosal
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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24
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Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF, Oraby HF. CA 19-9 Pancreatic Tumor Marker Fluorescence Immunosensing Detection via Immobilized Carbon Quantum Dots Conjugated Gold Nanocomposite. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1162. [PMID: 29641488 PMCID: PMC5979385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical detection of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a tumor marker in biological samples, improves and facilitates the rapid screening and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. A simple, low cost, fast, and green synthesis method to prepare a viable carbon quantum dots/gold (CQDs/Au) nanocomposite fluorescence immunosensing solution for the detection of CA 19-9 was reported. The present method is conducted by preparing glucose-derived CQDs using a microwave-assisted method. CQDs were employed as reducing and stabilizing agents for the preparation of a CQDs/Au nanocomposite. The immobilized anti-CA 19-9-labeled horseradish peroxidase enzyme (Ab-HRP) was anchored to the surface of a CQDs/Au nanocomposite by a peptide interaction between the carboxylic and amine active groups. The CA 19-9 antigen was trapped by another monoclonal antibody that was coated on the surface of microtiter wells. The formed sandwich capping antibody-antigen-antibody enzyme complex had tunable fluorescence properties that were detected under excitation and emission wavelengths of 420 and 530 nm. The increase in fluorescence intensities of the immunoassay sensing solution was proportional to the CA 19-9 antigen concentration in the linear range of 0.01-350 U mL-1 and had a lower detection limit of 0.007 U mL-1. The proposed CQDs/Au nanocomposite immunoassay method provides a promising tool for detecting CA 19-9 in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Ahmad Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maha Farouk El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
- General Administration and Medical Affairs, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Farouk Oraby
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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25
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Ramakrishna TRB, Nalder TD, Yang W, Marshall SN, Barrow CJ. Controlling enzyme function through immobilisation on graphene, graphene derivatives and other two dimensional nanomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3200-3218. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling enzyme function through immobilisation on graphene, graphene derivatives and other two dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini R. B. Ramakrishna
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
- Seafood Unit
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
| | - Tim D. Nalder
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
- Seafood Unit
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
| | - Susan N. Marshall
- Seafood Unit
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
- Nelson 7010
- New Zealand
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
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26
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Enhancement of graphene quantum dots based applications via optimum physical chemistry: A review. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Immobilization effects on the photocatalytic activity of CdS quantum Dots-Horseradish peroxidase hybrid nanomaterials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Ghanbari K, Roushani M, Azadbakht A. Ultra-sensitive aptasensor based on a GQD nanocomposite for detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen. Anal Biochem 2017; 534:64-69. [PMID: 28728900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, by using the aptamer proximity binding assay strategy, a novel electrochemical aptasensor is described for ultrasensitive detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen. The immobilization surface is prepared by the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a graphene quantum dots (GQD). GQD were introduced as a novel and suitable substrate for aptamers through π-π stacking interactions, the richness of hydrophilic edges as well as hydrophobic plane in GQD which enhances the aptamer absorption on the electrode surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed at each stage of the chemical modification process to confirm the resulting surface changes. EIS technique was used as an efficient alternative detection system for HCV core antigen measurement with detection limit 3.3 pg mL-1 and two linear concentration range 10-70 pg mL-1 and 70-400 pg mL-1. Moreover, the fabricated aptasensor could accurately detect HCV core antigen concentration in human serum samples. Such an aptasensor opens a rapid, selective and sensitive route for HCV core antigen detection and provides a promising strategy for potential applications in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azadeh Azadbakht
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran
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29
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Zhu Y, Lu S, Gowri Manohari A, Dong X, Chen F, Xu W, Shi Z, Xu C. Polydopamine interconnected graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for enzymeless H 2 O 2 detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Fu W, Jiang L, van Geest EP, Lima LMC, Schneider GF. Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603610. [PMID: 27896865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene - at least ideal graphene - is highly chemically inert. The functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface - both covalently and non-covalently - are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. The authors are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors hold great promise to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Fu
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Jiang
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik P van Geest
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lia M C Lima
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Carbon Dots for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. SPRINGER SERIES ON CHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/5346_2017_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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32
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Gao J, Zhu M, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. Advances, challenges and promises of carbon dots. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-dots with unique physical and chemical properties have versatile applications in environmental and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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33
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Qi BP, Bao L, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Electrochemical Methods to Study Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots: Preparation, Photoluminescence Mechanism and Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28372-28382. [PMID: 26906145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With unique and tunable photoluminescence (PL) properties, carbon nanodots (CNDs) as a new class of optical tags have been extensively studied. Because of their merits of controllability and sensitivity to the surface of nanomaterials, electrochemical methods have already been adopted to study the intrinsic electronic structures of CNDs. In this review, we mainly deal with the electrochemical researches of CNDs, including preparation, PL mechanism, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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34
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Song Y, Luo Y, Zhu C, Li H, Du D, Lin Y. Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on graphene two-dimensional nanomaterials. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:195-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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36
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Ding L, Peng Z, Zhou P, Cheng GJ, Nian Q, Lin D, Zhou J, Liang Y. Preparation and Effect of Lighting on Structures and Properties of GSH Capped ZnSe QDs. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1663-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Vasilescu I, Eremia SAV, Kusko M, Radoi A, Vasile E, Radu GL. Molybdenum disulphide and graphene quantum dots as electrode modifiers for laccase biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 75:232-7. [PMID: 26319166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A nanocomposite formed from molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was proposed as a novel and suitable support for enzyme immobilisation displaying interesting electrochemical properties. The conductivity of the carbon based screen-printed electrodes was highly improved after modification with MoS2 nanoflakes and GQDs, the nanocomposite also providing compatible matrix for laccase immobilisation. The influence of different modification steps on the final electroanalytical performances of the modified electrode were evaluated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The developed laccase biosensor has responded efficiently to caffeic acid over a concentration range of 0.38-100µM, had a detection limit of 0.32µM and a sensitivity of 17.92nAµM(-1). The proposed analytical tool was successfully applied for the determination of total polyphenolic content from red wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Vasilescu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandra A V Eremia
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Kusko
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio Radoi
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Department of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, No. 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Lucian Radu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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38
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Wang Z, Dai Z. Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: an overview. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6420-31. [PMID: 25805626 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials on the nanoscale exhibit diverse outstanding properties, rendering them extremely suitable for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. Over the past two decades, advances in this area have continuously emerged. In this review, we attempt to survey the recent developments of electrochemical biosensors based on six types of carbon nanomaterials (CNs), i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, carbon nanofibers, nanodiamonds and buckminsterfullerene. For each material, representative samples are introduced to expound the different roles of the CNs in electrochemical bioanalytical strategies. In addition, remaining challenges and perspectives for future developments are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyin Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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39
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Fan Z, Li S, Yuan F, Fan L. Fluorescent graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17131d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots with unique properties have great potential applications for biosensing and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetan Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
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