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Saeed M, Khan MS, Amir K, Bi JB, Asif M, Madni A, Kamboh AA, Manzoor Z, Younas U, Chao S. Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927361. [PMID: 36185670 PMCID: PMC9523573 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed to L. siceraria like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, central nervous system stimulant, anthelmintic, free radical scavenging, immunosuppressive, and adaptogenic. The fruit of this plant is commonly used as a vegetable that has a low-calorie value. The species possess a diverse set of biological compounds like flavonoids, sterols, saponins, and terpenoids. Vitamins, choline, flavonoids, minerals, proteins, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals are also found in the edible parts of this plant. Besides 17 different amino acids, many minerals are reported to be present in the seeds of L. siceraria. According to the USDA nutritional database per 100 g of L. siceraria contains 14 Kcal energy, 3.39 g carbohydrates, 0.62 g protein, 0.2 g fat, and 0.5 g fiber. L. siceraria performs a wide range of pharmacological and physiological actions. The literature reviewed from various sources including PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, etc. shows the remarkable potential to treat various human and animal illnesses due to its' potent bioactive chemicals. The key objective of this thorough analysis is to present a summary of the data about the beneficial and harmful effects of L. siceraria intake on human health, as well as in veterinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Muhammad Saeed
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Jannat Bi Bi
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Manzoor
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Umair Younas
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Sun Chao
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Siang LH, Arulsamy A, Yoon YK, Shaikh MF. Fruits for Seizures? A Systematic Review on the Potential Anti-Convulsant Effects of Fruits and their Phytochemicals. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1925-1940. [PMID: 34517803 PMCID: PMC9886799 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210913120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder. Current anti-convulsant drugs are only effective in about 70% of patients, while the rest remain drug-resistant. Thus, alternative methods have been explored to control seizures in these drug-resistant patients. One such method may be through the utilization of fruit phytochemicals. These phytochemicals have been reported to have beneficial properties such as anti-convulsant, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, some fruits may also elicit harmful effects. This review aims to summarize and elucidate the anti- or pro-convulsant effects of fruits used in relation to seizures in hopes of providing a good therapeutic reference to epileptic patients and their carers. Three databases, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, were utilized for the literature search. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 40 articles were selected for critical appraisal in this review. Overall, the extracts and phytochemicals of fruits managed to effectively reduce seizure activities in various preclinical seizure models, acting mainly through the activation of the inhibitory neurotransmission and blocking the excitatory neurotransmission. Only star fruit has been identified as a pro-convulsant fruit due to its caramboxin and oxalate compounds. Future studies should focus more on utilizing these fruits as possible treatment strategies for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Address correspondence to this author at the Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Tel/Fax: +60 3 5514 4483; E-mail:
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Alanazi IO, Benabdelkamel H, Alfadda AA, AlYahya SA, Alghamdi WM, Aljohi HA, Almalik A, Masood A. Proteomic Analysis of the Protein Expression Profile in the Mature Nigella sativa (Black Seed). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:1184-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Roopan SM, Devi Rajeswari V, Kalpana VN, Elango G. Biotechnology and pharmacological evaluation of Indian vegetable crop Lagenaria siceraria: an overview. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1153-1162. [PMID: 26637422 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, which comprises about 118 genera and 825 species. It is an important vegetable crop of India, and its production is influenced by a number of factors viz., environmental, nutritional, cultural operation and use of plant growth regulators. Since, bottle gourd belongs to a medicinal family, it plays a major role in the treatment of several diseases related to the skin and heart. There are several organic chemical compounds including vitamin B complex, pectin, dietary soluble fibres, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, amino acids and minerals which have been isolated from this species. Therefore, the bottle gourd is considered to have a great impact on therapeutic health benefits. Due to drastic industrialization and urbanization, most of the human beings are facing several ill effects which may lead to death at extreme cases. Hence, the major research area was said to be nanotechnology. Taking into consideration, we have combined nanotechnology field with waste source in the name of green synthesis and planned to cure several diseases, as most of the researchers focused their work on this and succeeded too. The present study is a complete review of L. siceraria that covers the ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological profile. This study is mainly focused on the antibacterial, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anthelminthic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Biomolecules and Genetics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V N Kalpana
- Biomolecules and Genetics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - G Elango
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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