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Production of Bio-Based Chemicals, Acetic Acid and Furfural, through Low-Acid Hydrothermal Fractionation of Pine Wood (Pinus densiflora) and Combustion Characteristics of the Residual Solid Fuel. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-acid hydrothermal (LAH) fractionation conditions were optimized for the effective degradation of hemicellulose from pine wood (Pinus densiflora). The hemicellulosic sugar yield was maximized at 82.5% when the pine wood was fractionated at 190 °C, with 0.5 wt.% of sulfuric acid, and for 10 min. Consecutively, acidified heat treatment with zinc chloride and solvent extraction with ethyl acetate were carried out for the recovery of bio-based platform chemicals, such as furfural and acetic acid, from liquid hydrolysate through liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). Overall, 61.5% of xylose was decomposed into furfural, and the yield of acetic acid was 62.3% and furfural 66.1%. After LAH fractionation, 64.8% of the solid remained and was pelletized. The pellets showed excellent fuel characteristics, i.e., significant ash rejection (74.5%) and high calorific values (4770 kcal/kg), and the precursors of NOx and SOx also decreased by up to 60.0% and 71.4%, respectively.
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Elgharbawy AA, Alam MZ, Moniruzzaman M, Kabbashi NA, Jamal P. Chemical and structural changes of pretreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) in ionic liquid-cellulase compatible system for fermentability to bioethanol. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:236. [PMID: 29744268 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using an integrated system of IL and cellulases (IL-E), with simultaneous fermentation in one vessel. The cellulase mixture (PKC-Cel) was derived from Trichoderma reesei by solid-state fermentation. Choline acetate [Cho]OAc was utilized for the pretreatment due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The treated EFB and its hydrolysate were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. The results showed that there were significant structural changes in EFB after the treatment in IL-E system. The sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis by the PKC-Cel was increased from 0.058 g/g of EFB in the crude sample (untreated) to 0.283 and 0.62 ± 06 g/g in IL-E system after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. The EFB hydrolysate showed the eligibility for ethanol production without any supplements where ethanol yield was 0.275 g ethanol/g EFB in the presence of the IL, while lower yield obtained without IL-pretreatment. Moreover, it was demonstrated that furfural and phenolic compounds were not at the level of suppressing the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Elgharbawy
- 1Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- 1Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- 2Chemical Engineering Department, Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Nassereldeen Ahmad Kabbashi
- 1Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Parveen Jamal
- 1Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim TH, Ryu HJ, Oh KK. Low acid hydrothermal fractionation of Giant Miscanthus for production of xylose-rich hydrolysate and furfural. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:367-372. [PMID: 27380022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low acid hydrothermal (LAH) fractionation was developed for the effective recovery of hemicellulosic sugar (mainly xylose) from Miscanthus sacchariflorus Goedae-Uksae 1 (M. GU-1). The xylose yield was maximized at 74.75% when the M. GU-1 was fractionated at 180°C and 0.3wt.% of sulfuric acid for 10min. At this condition, the hemicellulose (mainly xylan) degradation was 86.41%. The difference between xylan degradation and xylose recovery yield, i.e., xylan loss, was 11.66%, as indicated by the formation of decomposed products. The furfural, the value added biochemical product, was also obtained by 0.42g/L at this condition, which was 53.82% of furfural production yield based on the xylan loss. After then, the furfural production continued to increase to a maximum concentration of 1.87g/L, at which point the xylan loss corresponded to 25.87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Qing Q, Guo Q, Zhou L, He Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. Enhancement of In Situ Enzymatic Saccharification of Corn Stover by a Stepwise Sodium Hydroxide and Organic Acid Pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:350-364. [PMID: 27544773 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A stepwise pretreatment method that combines sodium hydroxide and organic acid pretreatments was proposed and investigated to maximize the recovery of main constituents of lignocellulose. The sodium hydroxide pretreatment was firstly optimized by a designed orthogonal experiment with the optimum pretreatment conditions determined as 1 wt% NaOH at 70 °C for 1 h, and 60.42 % of lignin was successfully removed during this stage. In the second stage, 0.5 % acetic acid was selected to pretreat the first-stage solid residue at 80 °C for 40 min in order to decompose hemicelluloses to soluble oligomers or monomers. Then, the whole slurry was subjected to in situ enzymatic saccharification by cellullase with a supplementation of xylanase to further degrade the xylooligosaccharides generated during the acetic acid pretreatment. The maximum reducing sugar and glucose yields achieved were 20.74 and 12.03 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, rapid ethanol fermentation and a yield of 80.3 % also testified this pretreatment method, and the in situ saccharification did not bring any negative impact on ethanol fermentation and has a broad application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Yucai He
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
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Gong Z, Zhou W, Shen H, Yang Z, Wang G, Zuo Z, Hou Y, Zhao ZK. Co-fermentation of acetate and sugars facilitating microbial lipid production on acetate-rich biomass hydrolysates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:102-8. [PMID: 26874438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The process of lignocellulosic biomass routinely produces a stream that contains sugars plus various amounts of acetic acid. As acetate is known to inhibit the culture of microorganisms including oleaginous yeasts, little attention has been paid to explore lipid production on mixtures of acetate and sugars. Here we demonstrated that the yeast Cryptococcus curvatus can effectively co-ferment acetate and sugars for lipid production. When mixtures of acetate and glucose were applied, C. curvatus consumed both substrates simultaneously. Similar phenomena were also observed for acetate and xylose mixtures, as well as acetate-rich corn stover hydrolysates. More interestingly, the replacement of sugar with equal amount of acetate as carbon source afforded higher lipid titre and lipid content. The lipid products had fatty acid compositional profiles similar to those of cocoa butter, suggesting their potential for high value-added fats and biodiesel production. This co-fermentation strategy should facilitate lipid production technology from lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Gong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
| | - Wenting Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Zuo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yali Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Kim DY, Kim YS, Kim TH, Oh KK. Two-stage, acetic acid-aqueous ammonia, fractionation of empty fruit bunches for increased lignocellulosic biomass utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:121-127. [PMID: 26419963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of EFB was conducted in two consecutive steps using a batch reaction system: hemicellulose hydrolysis using acetic acid (AA; 3.0-7.0 wt.%) at 170-190°C for 10-20 min in the first stage, and lignin solubilization using ammonium hydroxide (5-20 wt.%) at 140-220°C for 5-25 min in the second stage. The two-stage process effectively fractionated empty fruit bunches (EFB) in terms of hemicellulose hydrolysis (53.6%) and lignin removal (59.5%). After the two-stage treatment, the fractionated solid contained 65.3% glucan. Among three investigated process parameters, reaction temperature and ammonia concentration had greater impact on the delignification reaction in the second stage than reaction time. The two-stage fractionation processing improved the enzymatic digestibility to 72.9% with 15 FPU of cellulase/g of glucan supplemented with 70 pNPG of β-glycosidase (Novozyme 188)/g-glucan, which was significantly enhanced from the equivalent digestibility of 28.3% for untreated EFB and 45.7% for AAH-fractionated solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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