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Xie L, Liu J, Wu H, Zhong Y, Liu X, Li G, Liu Z. A Comparison Analysis of Quality and Metabolic Compounds in Lilies with Different Drying Treatments. Foods 2024; 13:2206. [PMID: 39063290 PMCID: PMC11275255 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the variations in the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and metabolite profile of lilies subjected to different drying treatments, including vacuum freeze drying (VFD), hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), and infrared drying (ID). The results show that VFD provided better preservation of the original coloration and displayed the highest levels of total amino acid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and polysaccharide and alkaloid content. Our results reveal that VFD treatment can be employed to obtain high-quality lilies with desirable appearance characteristics and nutrient compositions. Metabolomics analysis identified a total of 464 metabolites from various dried lilies. Differential metabolite screening found 150 differential metabolites across all pairwise comparisons. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that lilies subjected to VFD treatment exhibited a higher abundance of steroids, saponin, flavonoids, and phenolic glycoside, whereas those subjected to HAD, VD, or ID treatments showed relatively elevated levels of specific amino acids or derivatives. This study elucidates the significant impact of various drying treatments on the quality and metabolic profile of lilies, thereby providing valuable insights for enhancing the nutritional quality of processed lilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xie
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (L.X.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (L.X.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (L.X.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yueyan Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (L.X.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (L.X.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417099, China
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Wei W, Guo T, Fan W, Ji M, Fu Y, Lian C, Chen S, Ma W, Ma W, Feng S. Integrative analysis of metabolome and transcriptome provides new insights into functional components of Lilii Bulbus. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:435-448. [PMID: 39072198 PMCID: PMC11283230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Lilium brownii var. viridulum (LB) and L. lancifolium (LL) are the main sources of medicinal lily (Lilii Bulbus, Baihe in Chinese) in China. However, the functional components of these two species responsible for the treatment efficacy are yet not clear. In order to explore the therapeutic material basis of Lilii Bulbus, we selected L. davidii var. willmottiae (LD) only used for food as the control group to analyze the differences between LD and the other two (LB and LL). Methods Metabolome and transcriptome were carried out to investigate the differences of active components in LD vs LB and LD vs LL. Data of metabolome and transcriptome was analysed using various analysis methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and so on. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. Results The PCA and HCA of the metabolome indicated the metabolites were clearly separated and varied greatly in LL and LB contrasted with LD. There were 318 significantly differential metabolites (SDMs) in LD vs LB group and 298 SDMs in LD vs LL group. Compared with LD group, the significant up-regulation of steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids were detected both in LB and LL groups, especially in LB group. The HCA of transcriptome indicated that there was significant difference in LB vs LD group, while the difference between LL and LD varied slightly. Additionally, 47 540 DEGs in LD vs LB group and 18 958 DEGs in LD vs LL group were identified. Notably, CYP450s involving in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids were detected, and comparing with LD, CYP724, CYP710A, and CYP734A1 in LB and CYP90B in LL were all up-regulated. Conclusion This study suggested that steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids maybe the representative functional components of Lilii Bulbus, which can provide new insights for Lilii Bulbus used in the research and development of classic famous formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medicinal and Edible Chinese Medicine Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medicinal and Edible Chinese Medicine Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Mengshan Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medicinal and Edible Chinese Medicine Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medicinal and Edible Chinese Medicine Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Conglong Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medicinal and Edible Chinese Medicine Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medicinal and Edible Chinese Medicine Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenfang Ma
- Lanzhou Shibai Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Wang M, Tang HP, Bai QX, Yu AQ, Wang S, Wu LH, Fu L, Wang ZB, Kuang HX. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and applications of polysaccharides from the genus Lilium: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131499. [PMID: 38614164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The genus Lilium (Lilium) has been widely used in East Asia for over 2000 years due to its rich nutritional and medicinal value, serving as both food and medicinal ingredient. Polysaccharides, as one of the most important bioactive components in Lilium, offer various health benefits. Recently, polysaccharides from Lilium plants have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their diverse biological properties including immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-aging and anti-radiation effects. However, the limited comprehensive understanding of polysaccharides from Lilium plants has hindered their development and utilization. This review focuses on the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, applications, and relevant bibliometrics of polysaccharides from Lilium plants. Additionally, it delves into the potential development and future research directions. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of polysaccharides from Lilium plants and to serve as a basis for further research and development as therapeutic agents and multifunctional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China.
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Li C, Zhu Z, Cheng L, Zheng J, Liu W, Lin Y, Duan B. Extraction, purification, characteristics, bioactivities, prospects, and toxicity of Lilium spp. polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128532. [PMID: 38056732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Lilium has been widely used worldwide as a food and medicinal ingredient in East Asia for over 2000 years due to its higher nutritional and medicinal value. Polysaccharide is the most important bioactive ingredient in Lilium spp. and has various health benefits. Recently, Lilium spp. polysaccharides (LSPs) have attracted significant attention from industries and researchers due to their various biological properties, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, and anti-radiation. However, the development and utilization of LSP-based functional biomaterials and medicines are limited by a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the structure-activity relationships (SARs), industrial applications, and safety of LSPs. This review provides an inclusive overview of the extraction, purification, structural features, bioactivities, and mechanisms of LSPs. SARs, applications, toxicities, and influences of structural modifications on bioactivities are also highlighted, and the potential development and future study direction are scrutinized. This article aims to offer a complete understanding of LSPs and provide a foundation for further research and application of LSPs as therapeutic agents and multifunctional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohai Li
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zemei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jiamei Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Weihong Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
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Li XJ, Yin Y, Xiao SJ, Chen J, Zhang R, Yang T, Zhou TY, Zhang SY, Hu P, Zhang X. Extraction, structural characterization and immunoactivity of glucomannan type polysaccahrides from Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109046. [PMID: 38335805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous polysaccharide (LBP) was extracted and purified from the bulblets of Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker with a molecular weight of 312 kDa. The monosaccharides are composed of mannose and glucose, and the corresponding molar ratios are 0.582 and 0.418, respectively. FT-IR, LC-MS, NMR, GC-MS and HPAEC were used to analyze the functional groups, glycosidic linkages and chemical structure of LBP, which was a 1-4-linked glucomannan and contained a dodecasaccharide repeating units of →4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → . In vitro experimental results showed that LBP had noble biocompatibility, and a low dose of 5 μg/mL LBP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β and Toll-like receptors family (TLRs) in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, LBP played an important role in immunomodulation, and further studies on the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of LBP on RAW 264.7 cells are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Shi-Jun Xiao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Tong-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Si-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Pei Hu
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330103, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.
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Guo J, Lu L, Li J, Kang S, Li G, Li S, Yuan M. Extraction, structure, pharmacological activity, and structural modification of Lilium polysaccharides. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105760. [PMID: 38030097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides primarily composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactose are pharmacologically active ingredients in Lilium. The pharmacological activities shown by polysaccharides from Lilium include antioxidant, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, bacteriostatic, and radiation protection effects. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the distribution of Lilium medicinal resources in China, current extraction and purification methods of Lilium polysaccharide (LP), the strategies used for analyzing the polysaccharide structure and monosaccharide composition in LP, and the pharmacological activities and structural modification of LP. This review provides a basis for the development and clinical application of LP along with the conservation and utilization of Lilium resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China
| | - Lina Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China
| | - Shuhe Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China.
| | - Guihua Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China
| | - Shengshuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China
| | - Mengyao Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730106, PR China; Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730106, PR China
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Hui H, Jin H, Yang X, Wang X, Qin B. Fine structure and hypoglycemic effect of a galactoglucan from the bulbs of Lanzhou lily. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127774. [PMID: 37913881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The present research aimed to further identify the fine structure, morphology, and thermal behaviors of a galactoglucan BHP-2 derived from Lanzhou lily bulbs through partial acid hydrolysis, methylation, 2D NMR (1H1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Additionally, the study assessed the potential in vitro hypoglycemic effect of BHP-2 by examining its inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The results indicated that the main backbone composition of BHP-2 consisted of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, while the side chain composition predominantly featured →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → and →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, attached to the C-2 and/or C-3 positions of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. Terminal residues consisted of α-D-Glcp-(1 → and β-L-Araf-(1→. BHP-2 exhibited excellent thermal stability, with a microscopic surface characterized by tightly packed sheets and numerous spiral depressions, which might contribute to its remarkable in vitro hypoglycemic effect. BHP-2 showed competitive inhibition of α-amylase and mixed non-competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase, with respective IC50 values of 0.31 and 0.18 mg/mL, closely resembling to those of acarbose (0.27 and 0.12 mg/mL). These findings suggested that BHP-2 had potential as an additive for glycemic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Hui
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, PR China
| | - Bo Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Xue H, Hao Z, Gao Y, Cai X, Tang J, Liao X, Tan J. Research progress on the hypoglycemic activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126199. [PMID: 37562477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, as a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, is increasing every year. The predominantly western medicine treatment is associated with certain side effects, which has prompted people to turn their attention to natural active substances. Natural polysaccharide is a safe and low-toxic natural substance with various biological activities. Hypoglycemic activity is one of the important biological activities of natural polysaccharides, which has great potential for development. A systematic review of the latest research progress and possible molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides is of great significance for better understanding them. In this review, we systematically reviewed the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides and their structure in terms of molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bonds, and summarized underlying molecular mechanisms the hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of natural polysaccharides improving the complications of diabetes were analyzed and discussed. This paper provides some valuable insights and important guidance for further research on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zitong Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China; Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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Yang W, Wang P, Zhang W, Xu M, Yan L, Yan Z, Du W, Ouyang L, Liu B, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Li X, Wang L. Review on preservation techniques of edible lily bulbs in China. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2107708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mengda Xu
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Yan
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wanhua Du
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Songsong Zhao
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xingbo Li
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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10
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Zhang M, Qin H, An R, Zhang W, Liu J, Yu Q, Liu W, Huang X. Isolation, purification, structural characterization and antitumor activities of a polysaccharide from Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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The Polysaccharides from the Aerial Parts of Bupleurum chinense DC Attenuate Epilepsy-Like Behavior through Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7907814. [PMID: 35432728 PMCID: PMC9010214 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7907814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long medicinal history and is often used as the main ingredient in prescription drugs for epilepsy. The aerial parts of B. chinense DC. have similar efficacy and composition to B. chinense DC. Therefore, we speculated that the aerial parts of B. chinense DC. could be used in the treatment of epilepsy. Polysaccharides from the aerial parts of B. chinense DC. were selected to explore their therapeutic effects on epilepsy and their potential mechanism of action. The study is aimed at clarifying the antiepileptic effects of the polysaccharides from the aerial parts of B. chinense DC. and their potential underlying mechanisms. The chemical profile of the aerial parts of B. chinense DC. polysaccharides (ABP) was characterized by FT-IR spectrum and HPLC chromatogram. To determine the therapeutic effects of ABPs on epilepsy, we established a kainic acid- (KA-) induced rat model of epilepsy, and through H&E staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, biochemical analysis, ELISA, and Western blot analysis, we explored the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ABPs on epilepsy. The monosaccharide content of ABP included galacturonic acid (45.19%), galactose (36.63%), arabinose rhamnose (12.13%), and mannose (6.05%). Moreover, the average molecular weight of ABP was 1.38 × 103 kDa. ABP could improve hippocampal injuries and neuronal function in the KA-induced epilepsy rat model. ABP significantly inhibited oxidative stress in the hippocampus of KA-induced rats. More importantly, ABP could regulate TREM2 activation in the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway to inhibit neuronal apoptosis, including increasing the expression of superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase and decreasing the expression of malondialdehyde. The current study defined the potential role of ABP in inhibiting the development of epilepsy, indicating that ABP could upregulate TREM2 to alleviate neuronal apoptosis, by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and oxidative stress in epilepsy.
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12
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Mechanisms of RAW264.7 macrophages immunomodulation mediated by polysaccharide from mung bean skin based on RNA-seq analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Changes of starch and sucrose content and related gene expression during the growth and development of Lanzhou lily bulb. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262506. [PMID: 35015792 PMCID: PMC8752016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main forms of carbohydrates, starch and sucrose play a vital role in the balance and coordination of various carbohydrates. Lanzhou lily is the most popular edible lily in China, mainly distributed in the central region of Gansu. To clarify the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and bulb development of Lanzhou lily, so as to provide a basis for the promotion of the growth and development in Lanzhou lily and its important economic value, we studied lily bulbs in the squaring stage, flowering stage, half withering stage and withering stage. The plant height, fresh weight of mother and daughter bulbs continued to increase during the whole growth period and fresh weight of stem and leaf began to decrease in the half withering stage. The content of starch, sucrose and total soluble sugar in the lily mother bulb accumulated mostly in the flowering, withering and half withering stages, respectively. Starch, sucrose and total soluble sugar accumulated in the daughter bulb with the highest concentration during the withering stage. In the transcription level, sucrose synthase (SuSy1) and sucrose invertase (INV2) expressed the highest in squaring stage, and the expression was significantly higher in the mother bulb than in the daughter bulb. In flowering stage, the expression levels of soluble starch synthase (SSS1), starch-branching enzyme (SBE) and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP1) genes were higher in the mother bulb than in the daughter bulb. Altogether, our results indicate that starch and sucrose are important for the bulb growth and development of Lanzhou lily.
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14
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Chen L, Wang C, Guo J, Shi J, Zhang J. Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of glycoprotein in Lanzhou lily. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Chen
- College of life sciences, Northwest Normal University
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants
| | - Jie Guo
- Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants
| | - Jipeng Shi
- College of life sciences, Northwest Normal University
| | - Ji Zhang
- Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants
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15
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The Extraction, Functionalities and Applications of Plant Polysaccharides in Fermented Foods: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123004. [PMID: 34945554 PMCID: PMC8701727 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides, as prebiotics, fat substitutes, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, thickeners and emulsifiers, have been immensely studied for improving the texture, taste and stability of fermented foods. However, their biological activities in fermented foods are not yet properly addressed in the literature. This review summarizes the classification, chemical structure, extraction and purification methods of plant polysaccharides, investigates their functionalities in fermented foods, especially the biological activities and health benefits. This review may provide references for the development of innovative fermented foods containing plant polysaccharides that are beneficial to health.
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16
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Song S, Liu X, Zhao B, Abubaker MA, Huang Y, Zhang J. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Fermentation on the Chemical Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Bulbs of Lanzhou Lily. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29839-29851. [PMID: 34778657 PMCID: PMC8582043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Lanzhou lily has attracted more attention because of its bioactive components specifically polysaccharides. We studied in vitro the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on the physicochemical properties, chemical structure, and antioxidant activity of the Lanzhou lily polysaccharide. The results showed that compared with the unfermented Lanzhou lily polysaccharide (LP-W), the molecular weight (M w) of the fermented Lanzhou lily polysaccharide (LPF-W) decreased from 4334 to 1684 kDa, the particle size decreased from 300.8 ± 6.38 to 141.9 ± 4.96 nm, and the solubility increased from 72.33 ± 3.58 to 104.27 ± 2.91 mg/mL. In addition, after fermentation, the monosaccharide composition of LPF-W changed, and the alternation of mannose residues and glucose residues disappeared. The results of the analysis of the antioxidant activity in vitro showed that compared with LP-W, the fermented LPF-W had higher DPPH radical ability, superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, and reducing efficiency, but the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability decreased. These findings provide a reference for the potential application of the lily polysaccharide as a plant-derived antioxidant in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Song
- Gansu
Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Institute,
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Gansu
Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Baotang Zhao
- College
of Food and Science and Engineering, Gansu
Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mohamed Aamer Abubaker
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Education, University
of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Yulong Huang
- Gansu
Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Institute,
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- New
Rural Development Research Institute of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Chen L, Yang YY, Zhou RR, Fang LZ, Zhao D, Cai P, Yu R, Zhang SH, Huang JH. The extraction of phenolic acids and polysaccharides from Lilium lancifolium Thunb. using a deep eutectic solvent. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1226-1231. [PMID: 33605948 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a fast and effective extraction method for herbs is beneficial for the determination of their main compounds and estimating their quality. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were optimized to simultaneously extract three main types of phenolic acids, i.e., regaloside B, regaloside C, and regaloside E, and polysaccharides from the bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. Based on the optimized extraction conditions, i.e., an extraction temperature of 50 °C, an extraction time of 40 min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 25, and a ratio of water in the DES of 20%, the extracted amounts of regaloside B, regaloside C, and regaloside E reached 0.31 ± 0.06 mg g-1, 0.29 ± 0.03 mg g-1, and 3.04 ± 0.38 mg g-1, respectively. The extraction efficiencies were higher than those obtained using conventional organic solvents. Next, the polysaccharide levels were measured and compared with those obtained using a conventional hot water extraction method, and equivalent extraction efficiencies were obtained with the conventional hot water extraction method. This study provides a new application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for simultaneously extracting phenolic acids and polysaccharides from the bulbs of L. lancifolium Thunb. Considering the biodegradability and pharmaceutical acceptability, DESs as a class of green solvents could have wide applications in the extraction of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Yang-Yu Yang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medcine, Changchun, China
| | - Liang-Zi Fang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Ping Cai
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Rong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P. R. China
| | - Shui-Han Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China. and Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P. R. China
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Metabolome-Based Discrimination Analysis of Five Lilium Bulbs Associated with Differences in Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051340. [PMID: 33801551 PMCID: PMC7958954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulbs of several Lilium species are considered to be both functional foods and traditional medicine in northern and eastern Asia. Considering the limited information regarding the specific bioactive compounds contributing to the functional properties of these bulbs, we compared the secondary metabolites of ten Lilium bulb samples belonging to five different species, using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based secondary metabolomics approach. In total, 245 secondary metabolites were detected; further, more metabolites were detected from purple Lilium bulbs (217 compounds) than from white bulbs (123–171 compounds). Similar metabolite profiles were detected in samples within the same species irrespective of where they were collected. By combining herbal analysis and screening differential metabolites, steroid saponins were considered the key bioactive compounds in medicinal lilies. Of the 14 saponins detected, none were accumulated in the bulbs of L. davidii var. willmottiae, also called sweet lily. The purple bulbs of L. regale accumulated more secondary metabolites, and, notably, more phenolic acid compounds and flavonoids. Overall, this study elucidates the differential metabolites in lily bulbs with varying functions and colors and provides a reference for further research on functional foods and the medicinal efficacy of Lilium species.
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Li W, Wang Y, Wei H, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Qiu Y, Wen L, Xie Z. Structural characterization of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) polysaccharides and determination of their associated antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5603-5616. [PMID: 32608519 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD The Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is the only Lilium species that is used for both culinary and medicinal purposes in China. Its bulbs contain various bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, saponins and colchicine. Lanzhou lily polysaccharides are known to have anti-immunity, anti-tumor and anti-oxidation functions. RESULTS The present study used a Box-Behnken design to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of Lanzhou lily polysaccharides. Compared to other enzymes, trypsin significantly increased the polysaccharide yields, whereas the protein content of polysaccharides extracted with trypsin was the lowest. Monosaccharide mainly includes glucose (> 50%) and mannose (> 10%). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of Lanzhou lily polysaccharides extracted with trypsin were stronger than those extracted without enzymes (control). Structural characteristics of Lanzhou lily polysaccharides extracted with trypsin and extracted without enzymes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. When water extracted polysaccharide and trypsin extracted polysaccharide concentrations were 200 μg mL-1 , Raw264.7 proliferation rates were 101.69% and 159.41%, respectively. CONCLUSION The Lanzhou lily polysaccharide was identified as α-(1 → 6)-d-glucan. Consequently, the effects of both potential antioxidant and proliferative activity of trypsin are significant. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hailian Wei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingrong Wen
- Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Xie
- Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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