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Liang P, Cao M, Li J, Wang Q, Dai Z. Expanding sugar alcohol industry: Microbial production of sugar alcohols and associated chemocatalytic derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108105. [PMID: 36736865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are polyols that are widely employed in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Chemical synthesis of polyols, however, is complex and necessitates the use of hazardous compounds. Therefore, the use of microbes to produce polyols has been proposed as an alternative to traditional synthesis strategies. Many biotechnological approaches have been described to enhancing sugar alcohols production and microbe-mediated sugar alcohol production has the potential to benefit from the availability of inexpensive substrate inputs. Among of them, microbe-mediated erythritol production has been implemented in an industrial scale, but microbial growth and substrate conversion rates are often limited by harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol, the four representative sugar alcohols. The main metabolic engineering strategies, such as regulation of key genes and cofactor balancing, for improving the production of these sugar alcohols were reviewed. The feasible strategies to enhance the stress tolerance of chassis cells, especially thermotolerance, were also summarized. Different low-cost substrates like glycerol, molasses, cellulose hydrolysate, and CO2 employed for producing these sugar alcohols were presented. Given the value of polyols as precursor platform chemicals that can be leveraged to produce a diverse array of chemical products, we not only discuss the challenges encountered in the above parts, but also envisioned the development of their derivatives for broadening the application of sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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2
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Bachosz K, Zdarta J, Bilal M, Meyer AS, Jesionowski T. Enzymatic cofactor regeneration systems: A new perspective on efficiency assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161630. [PMID: 36657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the specificity of enzymatic processes makes them more and more important every year, and their usage on an industrial scale seems to be necessary. Enzymatic cofactors, however, play a crucial part in the prospective applications of enzymes, because they are indispensable for conducting highly effective biocatalytic activities. Due to the relatively high cost of these compounds and their consumption during the processes carried out, it has become crucial to develop systems for cofactor regeneration. Therefore, in this review, an attempt was made to summarize current knowledge on enzymatic regeneration methods, which are characterized by high specificity, non-toxicity and reported to be highly efficient. The regeneration of cofactors, such as nicotinamide dinucleotides, coenzyme A, adenosine 5'-triphosphate and flavin nucleotides, which are necessary for the proper functioning of a large number of enzymes, is discussed, as well as potential directions for further development of these systems are highlighted. This review discusses a range of highly effective cofactor regeneration systems along with the productive synthesis of many useful chemicals, including the simultaneous renewal of several cofactors at the same time. Additionally, the impact of the enzyme immobilization process on improving the stability and the potential for multiple uses of the developed cofactor regeneration systems was also presented. Moreover, an attempt was made to emphasize the importance of the presented research, as well as the identification of research gaps, which mainly result from the lack of available literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bachosz
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Soltofts Plads 227, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Soltofts Plads 227, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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3
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Feng T, Wang Z, Li H, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhao J, Liu J. Whole-cell biotransformation for simultaneous synthesis of allitol and d-gluconic acid in recombinant Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:433-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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4
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Sun Y, Zhang T, Lu B, Li X, Jiang L. Application of cofactors in the regulation of microbial metabolism: A state of the art review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1145784. [PMID: 37113222 PMCID: PMC10126289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofactors are crucial chemicals that maintain cellular redox balance and drive the cell to do synthetic and catabolic reactions. They are involved in practically all enzymatic activities that occur in live cells. It has been a hot research topic in recent years to manage their concentrations and forms in microbial cells by using appropriate techniques to obtain more high-quality target products. In this review, we first summarize the physiological functions of common cofactors, and give a brief overview of common cofactors acetyl coenzyme A, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+, and ATP/ADP; then we provide a detailed introduction of intracellular cofactor regeneration pathways, review the regulation of cofactor forms and concentrations by molecular biological means, and review the existing regulatory strategies of microbial cellular cofactors and their application progress, to maximize and rapidly direct the metabolic flux to target metabolites. Finally, we speculate on the future of cofactor engineering applications in cell factories. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Beeding of Anhui Province, College of Biologic and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangfei Li,
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Wang R, Zhang J, Luo Z, Xie T, Xiao Q, Pei X, Wang A. Controllably crosslinked dual enzymes enabled by genetic-encoded non-standard amino acid for efficiently enantioselective hydrogenation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:682-691. [PMID: 35247424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In traditional method for preparing crosslinked enzymes aggregates using glutaraldehyde, random linkage is inevitable, which often destroys the enzyme active sites and severely decreases the activity. To address this issue, using genetic encode expanding, nonstandard amino acids (NSAAs) were inserted into enzyme proteins at the preselected sites for crosslinking. When aldehyde ketone reductase (AKR), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were utilized as model enzymes, their mutants containing p-azido-L-phenylalanine were bio-orthogonally crosslinked with diyne to form crosslinked dual enzymes (CLDEs) acting as a cascade biological oxidation and reduction system. Then, the resultant self-purified CLDEs were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), etc. In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethanol using CLDEs, high product yield (76.08%), ee value (99.99%) and reuse stability were achieved. The yield and ee value were 12.05 times and 1.39 times higher than those using traditional crosslinked enzyme aggregates, respectively. Thus, controllable insertion NSAAs in number and location can engender reasonable linkage and metal-free self-purification for target enzyme proteins. This facile and sustainable method could be further expanded to other dual and multienzyme systems for cascade biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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Meng J, Chroumpi T, Mäkelä MR, de Vries RP. Xylitol production from plant biomass by Aspergillus niger through metabolic engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126199. [PMID: 34710597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a valuable commodity product. Biotechnological production of xylitol from lignocellulosic biomass by microorganisms is a promising alternative option to chemical synthesis or bioconversion from D-xylose. In this study, four metabolic mutants of Aspergillus niger were constructed and evaluated for xylitol accumulation from D-xylose and lignocellulosic biomass. All mutants had strongly increased xylitol production from pure D-xylose, beechwood xylan, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls compared to the reference strain, but not from several other feed stocks. The triple mutant ΔladAΔxdhAΔsdhA showed the best performance in xylitol production from wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. This study demonstrated the large potential of A. niger for xylitol production directly from lignocellulosic biomass by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Meng
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Chroumpi
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Paulino BN, Molina G, Pastore GM, Bicas JL. Current perspectives in the biotechnological production of sweetening syrups and polyols. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Intasian P, Prakinee K, Phintha A, Trisrivirat D, Weeranoppanant N, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Enzymes, In Vivo Biocatalysis, and Metabolic Engineering for Enabling a Circular Economy and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10367-10451. [PMID: 34228428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the utilization of petroleum-based chemicals. These developments have followed a linear economy model (produce, consume, and dispose). As the world is facing a serious threat from the climate change crisis, a more sustainable solution for manufacturing, i.e., circular economy in which waste from the same or different industries can be used as feedstocks or resources for production offers an attractive industrial/business model. In nature, biological systems, i.e., microorganisms routinely use their enzymes and metabolic pathways to convert organic and inorganic wastes to synthesize biochemicals and energy required for their growth. Therefore, an understanding of how selected enzymes convert biobased feedstocks into special (bio)chemicals serves as an important basis from which to build on for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology to enable biobased processes that are greener and cleaner for the environment. This review article highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the enzymatic reactions used in converting biobased wastes (lignocellulosic biomass, sugar, phenolic acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into value-added products and discusses the current progress made in their metabolic engineering. The commercial aspects and life cycle assessment of products from enzymatic and metabolic engineering are also discussed. Continued development in the field of metabolic engineering would offer diversified solutions which are sustainable and renewable for manufacturing valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawan Intasian
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kridsadakorn Prakinee
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Aisaraphon Phintha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169, Long-hard Bangsaen, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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9
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Xylose Metabolism in Bacteria—Opportunities and Challenges towards Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Biorefineries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In a sustainable society based on circular economy, the use of waste lignocellulosic biomass (LB) as feedstock for biorefineries is a promising solution, since LB is the world’s most abundant renewable and non-edible raw material. LB is available as a by-product from agricultural and forestry processes, and its main components are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Following suitable physical, enzymatic, and chemical steps, the different fractions can be processed and/or converted to value-added products such as fuels and biochemicals used in several branches of industry through the implementation of the biorefinery concept. Upon hydrolysis, the carbohydrate-rich fraction may comprise several simple sugars (e.g., glucose, xylose, arabinose, and mannose) that can then be fed to fermentation units. Unlike pentoses, glucose and other hexoses are readily processed by microorganisms. Some wild-type and genetically modified bacteria can metabolize xylose through three different main pathways of metabolism: xylose isomerase pathway, oxidoreductase pathway, and non-phosphorylative pathway (including Weimberg and Dahms pathways). Two of the commercially interesting intermediates of these pathways are xylitol and xylonic acid, which can accumulate in the medium either through manipulation of the culture conditions or through genetic modification of the bacteria. This paper provides a state-of-the art perspective regarding the current knowledge on xylose transport and metabolism in bacteria as well as envisaged strategies to further increase xylose conversion into valuable products.
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Yuan X, Mao Y, Tu S, Lin J, Shen H, Yang L, Wu M. Increasing NADPH Availability for Xylitol Production via Pentose-Phosphate-Pathway Gene Overexpression and Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas-Pathway Gene Deletion in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9625-9631. [PMID: 34382797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor availability is often a rate-limiting factor in the bioconversion of xylose to xylitol. The overexpression of pentose phosphate pathway genes and the deletion of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway genes can modulate the glucose metabolic flux and increase the intracellular NADPH supply, enabling Escherichia coli cells to produce xylitol from corncob hydrolysates. The effects of zwf and/or gnd overexpression and pfkA, pfkB, and/or pgi deletion on the intracellular redox environment and xylitol production were examined. The NADPH-enhanced strain 2bpgi produced 162 g/L xylitol from corncob hydrolysates after a 76 h fed-batch fermentation in a 15 L bioreactor, which was 13.3% greater than the 143 g/L xylitol produced by the IS5-d control strain. Additionally, the xylitol productivity and xylitol yield per glucose for 2bpgi were 2.13 g/L/h and 2.50 g/g, respectively. Thus, the genetic modifications in 2bpgi significantly enhanced NADPH regeneration, making 2bpgi a potentially useful strain for the industrial-scale production of xylitol from detoxified corncob hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yudi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Shuai Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
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11
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Efficient whole-cell biosynthesis of l-gulose by coupling mannitol-1-dehydrogenase with NADH oxidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109815. [PMID: 34116746 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
L-Gulose is a rare aldohexose to serve as a building block for anticancer drug bleomycin and nucleoside-based antivirals. However, preparative inaccessibility and high cost have hindered its pharmaceutical application. Despite a regio- and stereo-selective enzymatic synthesis of l-gulose from d-sorbitol using a variant of NAD+-dependent mannitol-1-dehydrogenase from Apium graveolens (mMDH) was explored, low efficiency and productivity caused by NADH accumulation or insufficient amount of NAD+ limited the practical utility of this process. In this study, a stable and efficient NADH oxidase from Bacillus cereus (bcNOX) was found to be more compatible with mMDH to recycle NAD+ in E. coli cells for l-gulose biosynthesis. After a systematic optimization of the whole-cell system, efficient biosynthesis of l-gulose was achieved. Starting with 70 g/L of readily available and cheap d-sorbitol resulted in a volumetric productivity of 5.5 g/L/d. This whole-cell approach enables practical, efficient and environmentally friendly biosynthesis of l-gulose and exhibits the potential of becoming a biocatalytic strategy for various enzymatic oxidative transformations.
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12
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Bañares AB, Nisola GM, Valdehuesa KNG, Lee WK, Chung WJ. Engineering of xylose metabolism in Escherichia coli for the production of valuable compounds. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:649-668. [PMID: 33563072 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lignocellulosic sugar d-xylose has recently gained prominence as an inexpensive alternative substrate for the production of value-added compounds using genetically modified organisms. Among the prokaryotes, Escherichia coli has become the de facto host for the development of engineered microbial cell factories. The favored status of E. coli resulted from a century of scientific explorations leading to a deep understanding of its systems. However, there are limited literature reviews that discuss engineered E. coli as a platform for the conversion of d-xylose to any target compounds. Additionally, available critical review articles tend to focus on products rather than the host itself. This review aims to provide relevant and current information about significant advances in the metabolic engineering of d-xylose metabolism in E. coli. This focusses on unconventional and synthetic d-xylose metabolic pathways as several review articles have already discussed the engineering of native d-xylose metabolism. This paper, in particular, is essential to those who are working on engineering of d-xylose metabolism using E. coli as the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo B Bañares
- Environmental Waste Recycle Institute (EWRI), Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Grace M Nisola
- Environmental Waste Recycle Institute (EWRI), Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Kris N G Valdehuesa
- Environmental Waste Recycle Institute (EWRI), Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Won-Keun Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Environmental Waste Recycle Institute (EWRI), Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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13
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Li S, Ye Z, Moreb EA, Hennigan JN, Castellanos DB, Yang T, Lynch MD. Dynamic control over feedback regulatory mechanisms improves NADPH flux and xylitol biosynthesis in engineered E. coli. Metab Eng 2021; 64:26-40. [PMID: 33460820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report improved NADPH flux and xylitol biosynthesis in engineered E. coli. Xylitol is produced from xylose via an NADPH dependent reductase. We utilize 2-stage dynamic metabolic control to compare two approaches to optimize xylitol biosynthesis, a stoichiometric approach, wherein competitive fluxes are decreased, and a regulatory approach wherein the levels of key regulatory metabolites are reduced. The stoichiometric and regulatory approaches lead to a 20-fold and 90-fold improvement in xylitol production, respectively. Strains with reduced levels of enoyl-ACP reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, led to altered metabolite pools resulting in the activation of the membrane bound transhydrogenase and an NADPH generation pathway, consisting of pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase coupled with NADPH dependent ferredoxin reductase, leading to increased NADPH fluxes, despite a reduction in NADPH pools. These strains produced titers of 200 g/L of xylitol from xylose at 86% of theoretical yield in instrumented bioreactors. We expect dynamic control over the regulation of the membrane bound transhydrogenase as well as NADPH production through pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase to broadly enable improved NADPH dependent bioconversions or production via NADPH dependent metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, USA
| | - Zhixia Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, USA
| | - Eirik A Moreb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, USA
| | | | | | - Tian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, USA
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14
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Zhang XJ, Li HW, Bin W, Dou BJ, Chen DS, Cheng XP, Li M, Wang HY, Chen KQ, Jin LQ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Efficient Synthesis of Sugar Alcohols under Mild Conditions Using a Novel Sugar-Selective Hydrogenation Catalyst Based on Ruthenium Valence Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12393-12399. [PMID: 33095018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are the prominent alternatives of sugars in food, medical, and health industries. The ruthenium supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ru/MWCNTs) catalysts were prepared based on the Ru valence regulation strategy and applied for selective sugar hydrogenation to prepare various sugar alcohols including xylitol, arabinitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and galactitol for the first time, with high selectivity (>99.0%) and yield (>98.0%) under mild conditions (≤110 °C, 3.0 MPa H2 pressure). The hydrogenation reaction of xylose was further optimized and under mild conditions (100 °C, 3.0 MPa H2 pressure, and 500 rpm), which were lower than ever reported for high efficient synthesis of xylitol, 99.8% xylose conversion and 99.0% xylitol yield were achieved after 120 min of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hai-Wei Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wang Bin
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bao-Juan Dou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - De-Shui Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Cheng
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Qian Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., 18 Huagong Road, Huabu Town, Kaihua 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Jin
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Wang Q, Xu J, Dong F, Yang S, Yang J, Zhang Z, Qian Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tao R, Jiang Y, Yang J, Yang S. Multicopy Chromosomal Integration Using CRISPR-Associated Transposases. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1998-2008. [PMID: 32551502 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the copy number of gene expression cassettes is an important strategy to engineer bacterial cells into high-efficiency biocatalysts. Current strategies mostly use plasmid vectors, but multicopy plasmids are often genetically unstable, and their copy numbers cannot be precisely controlled. The integration of expression cassettes into a bacterial chromosome has advantages, but iterative integration is laborious, and it is challenging to obtain a library with varied gene doses for phenotype characterization. Here, we demonstrated that multicopy chromosomal integration using CRISPR-associated transposases (MUCICAT) can be achieved by designing a crRNA to target multicopy loci or a crRNA array to target multiple loci in the Escherichia coli genome. Within 5 days without selection pressure, E. coli strains carrying cargos with successively increasing copy numbers (up to 10) were obtained. Recombinant MUCICAT E. coli containing genomic multicopy glucose dehydrogenase expression cassettes showed 2.6-fold increased expression of this important industrial enzyme compared to E. coli harboring the conventional protein-expressing plasmid pET24a. Successful extension of MUCICAT to Tatumella citrea further demonstrated that MUCICAT may be generally applied to many bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingzhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongsheng Tao
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Taoyusheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
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16
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Gao C, Guo L, Ding Q, Hu G, Ye C, Liu J, Chen X, Liu L. Dynamic consolidated bioprocessing for direct production of xylonate and shikimate from xylan by Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2020; 60:128-137. [PMID: 32315760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous value-added chemicals can be produced using xylan as a feedstock. However, the product yields are limited by low xylan utilization efficiency, as well as by carbon flux competition between biomass production and biosynthesis. Herein, a dynamic consolidated bioprocessing strategy was developed, which coupled xylan utilization and yield optimization modules. Specifically, we achieved the efficient conversion of xylan to valuable chemicals in a fully consolidated manner by optimizing the expression level of xylanases and xylose transporter in the xylan utilization module. Moreover, a cell density-dependent, and Cre-triggered dynamic system that enabled the dynamic decoupling of biosynthesis and biomass production was constructed in the yield optimization module. The final shake flask-scale titers of xylonate, produced through an exogenous pathway, and shikimate, produced through an endogenous pathway, reached 16.85 and 3.2 g L-1, respectively. This study not only provides an efficient microbial platform for the utilization of xylan, but also opens up the possibility for the large-scale production of high value-added chemicals from renewable feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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17
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Zhang D, Chang Z, Li N, Lei M, Wang Z, Niu H, Gao N, Liu D, Chen Y. pH-Neutralization, Redox-Balanced Process with Coupled Formate Dehydrogenase and Glucose Dehydrogenase Supports Efficient Xylitol Production in Pure Water. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:235-241. [PMID: 31822063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic production of xylitol is a promising alternative to the chemical hydrogenation process. However, it encounters problems that are largely due to protein susceptibility to environmental factors. In this study, to develop a robust, practical enzymatic process for xylitol production, a coupled enzyme system consisting of formate dehydrogenase (FDH), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and xylose reductase (XR) was constructed, wherein the alkaline product produced by FDH and the acidic product produced by GDH could neutralize each other during cofactor regeneration. After optimization of conditions, a pH-neutralization, redox-balanced process was developed that could be carried out in pure water requiring no pH regulation. As a result, a xylitol production of 273.6 g/L that is much higher than those yet reported was obtained from 2 M xylose in 24 h, with a relatively high productivity of 11.4 g/(L h). The strategy demonstrated here can be adapted for the production of other NADH-consuming products.
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18
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Felipe Hernández-Pérez A, de Arruda PV, Sene L, da Silva SS, Kumar Chandel A, de Almeida Felipe MDG. Xylitol bioproduction: state-of-the-art, industrial paradigm shift, and opportunities for integrated biorefineries. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:924-943. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1640658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Vaz de Arruda
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology-COEBB/TD, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Sene
- Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste de Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
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19
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Huang B, Fang G, Wu H, Sun J, Li Z, Ye Q. Efficient Biosynthesis of Succinate from Paper Mill Wastewater by Engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1195-1208. [PMID: 31222619 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater containing various organic compounds is generated in the paper-making industry. Therefore, the re-utilization of wastewater from paper-making is of great importance. In this study, acetic acid and formic acid, the dominant inhibitors existing in the paper mill wastewater, were used to produce succinate by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains, HB04(pTrc99a-gltA) and HB04(pTrc99a-gltA, pBAD33-Trc-fdh). The distilled paper mill wastewater could be utilized and transformed directly to succinate efficiently. However, the utilization of acetate was inhibited dramatically using raw paper mill wastewater. After adsorption by activate carbon, the acetate consumption and succinate production were improved significantly. In the resting cells experiment with high cell density (50 OD600), acetate was consumed completely and the titer of succinate reached 65.44 mM in 6 h. These results showed that the metabolically engineered E. coli strains had great potential to utilize acetic acid in the paper mill wastewater for succinate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guochen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjian Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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20
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Yuan X, Wang J, Lin J, Yang L, Wu M. Efficient production of xylitol by the integration of multiple copies of xylose reductase gene and the deletion of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway-associated genes to enhance NADPH regeneration in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1061-1069. [PMID: 31025135 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor supply is a rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of xylose to xylitol. Strain WZ04 was first constructed by a novel simultaneous deletion-insertion strategy, replacing ptsG, xylAB and ptsF in wild-type Escherichia coli W3110 with three mutated xylose reductase genes (xr) from Neurospora crassa. Then, the pfkA, pfkB, pgi and/or sthA genes were deleted and replaced by xr to investigate the influence of carbon flux toward the pentose phosphate pathway and/or transhydrogenase activity on NADPH generation. The deletion of pfkA/pfkB significantly improved NADPH supply, but minimally influenced cell growth. The effects of insertion position and copy number of xr were examined by a quantitative real-time PCR and a shake-flask fermentation experiment. In a fed-batch fermentation experiment with a 15-L bioreactor, strain WZ51 produced 131.6 g L-1 xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate (xylitol productivity: 2.09 g L-1 h-1). This study provided a potential approach for industrial-scale production of xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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