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New perspectives into Gluconobacter-catalysed biotransformations. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108127. [PMID: 36924811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Different from other aerobic microorganisms that oxidise carbon sources to water and carbon dioxide, Gluconobacter catalyses the incomplete oxidation of various substrates with regio- and stereoselectivity. This ability, as well as its capacity to release the resulting products into the reaction media, place Gluconobacter as a privileged member of a non-model microorganism class that may boost industrial biotechnology. Knowledge of new technologies applied to Gluconobacter has been piling up in recent years. Advancements in its genetic modification, application of immobilisation tools and careful designs of the transformations, have improved productivities and stabilities of Gluconobacter strains or enabled new bioconversions for the production of valuable marketable chemicals. In this work, the latest advancements applied to Gluconobacter-catalysed biotransformations are summarised with a special focus on recent available tools to improve them. From genetic and metabolic engineering to bioreactor design, the most recent works on the topic are analysed in depth to provide a comprehensive resource not only for scientists and technologists working on/with Gluconobacter, but for the general biotechnologist.
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Trichez D, Carneiro CVGC, Braga M, Almeida JRM. Recent progress in the microbial production of xylonic acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:127. [PMID: 35668329 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the production of renewable chemicals from biomass has increased in the past years. Among these chemicals, carboxylic acids represent a significant part of the most desirable bio-based products. Xylonic acid is a five-carbon sugar-acid obtained from xylose oxidation that can be used in several industrial applications, including food, pharmaceutical, and construction industries. So far, the production of xylonic acid has not yet been available at an industrial scale; however, several microbial bio-based production processes are under development. This review summarizes the recent advances in pathway characterization, genetic engineering, and fermentative strategies to improve xylonic acid production by microorganisms from xylose or lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In addition, the strengths of the available microbial strains and processes and the major requirements for achieving biotechnological production of xylonic acid at a commercial scale are discussed. Efficient native and engineered microbial strains have been reported. Xylonic acid titers as high as 586 and 171 g L-1 were obtained from bacterial and yeast strains, respectively, in a laboratory medium. Furthermore, relevant academic and industrial players associated with xylonic acid production will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Trichez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clara Vida G C Carneiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Melissa Braga
- Innovation and Business Office, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo M Almeida
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil. .,Graduate Program of Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Mao X, Zhang B, Zhao C, Lin J, Wei D. Overexpression of mGDH in Gluconobacter oxydans to improve D-xylonic acid production from corn stover hydrolysate. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:35. [PMID: 35264166 PMCID: PMC8905809 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background d-Xylonic acid is a versatile platform chemical with broad potential applications as a water reducer and disperser for cement and as a precursor for 1,4-butanediol and 1,2,4-tributantriol. Microbial production of d-xylonic acid with bacteria such as Gluconobacter oxydans from inexpensive lignocellulosic feedstock is generally regarded as one of the most promising and cost-effective methods for industrial production. However, high substrate concentrations and hydrolysate inhibitors reduce xylonic acid productivity. Results The d-xylonic acid productivity of G. oxydans DSM2003 was improved by overexpressing the mGDH gene, which encodes membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase. Using the mutated plasmids based on pBBR1MCS-5 in our previous work, the recombinant strain G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH was obtained with a significant improvement in d-xylonic acid production and a strengthened tolerance to hydrolysate inhibitors. The fed-batch biotransformation of d-xylose by this recombinant strain reached a high titer (588.7 g/L), yield (99.4%), and volumetric productivity (8.66 g/L/h). Moreover, up to 246.4 g/L d-xylonic acid was produced directly from corn stover hydrolysate without detoxification at a yield of 98.9% and volumetric productivity of 11.2 g/L/h. In addition, G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH exhibited a strong tolerance to typical inhibitors, i.e., formic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Conclusion Through overexpressing mgdh in G. oxydans, we obtained the recombinant strain G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH, and it was capable of efficiently producing xylonic acid from corn stover hydrolysate under high inhibitor concentrations. The high d-xylonic acid productivity of G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH made it an attractive choice for biotechnological production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01763-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Fricke PM, Klemm A, Bott M, Polen T. On the way toward regulatable expression systems in acetic acid bacteria: target gene expression and use cases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3423-3456. [PMID: 33856535 PMCID: PMC8102297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are valuable biocatalysts for which there is growing interest in understanding their basics including physiology and biochemistry. This is accompanied by growing demands for metabolic engineering of AAB to take advantage of their properties and to improve their biomanufacturing efficiencies. Controlled expression of target genes is key to fundamental and applied microbiological research. In order to get an overview of expression systems and their applications in AAB, we carried out a comprehensive literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Acetobacteraceae family currently comprises 49 genera. We found overall 6097 publications related to one or more AAB genera since 1973, when the first successful recombinant DNA experiments in Escherichia coli have been published. The use of plasmids in AAB began in 1985 and till today was reported for only nine out of the 49 AAB genera currently described. We found at least five major expression plasmid lineages and a multitude of further expression plasmids, almost all enabling only constitutive target gene expression. Only recently, two regulatable expression systems became available for AAB, an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-inducible system for Komagataeibacter rhaeticus and an L-arabinose-inducible system for Gluconobacter oxydans. Thus, after 35 years of constitutive target gene expression in AAB, we now have the first regulatable expression systems for AAB in hand and further regulatable expression systems for AAB can be expected. KEY POINTS: • Literature search revealed developments and usage of expression systems in AAB. • Only recently 2 regulatable plasmid systems became available for only 2 AAB genera. • Further regulatable expression systems for AAB are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Klemm
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Chen Y, Liu L, Yu S, Li J, Zhou J, Chen J. Identification of Gradient Promoters of Gluconobacter oxydans and Their Applications in the Biosynthesis of 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673844. [PMID: 33898410 PMCID: PMC8064726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans is known for its unique incomplete oxidation and therefore widely applied in the industrial production of many compounds, e.g., 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the direct precursor of vitamin C. However, few molecular tools are available for metabolically engineering G. oxydans, which greatly limit the strain development. Promoters are one of vital components to control and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level for boosting production. In this study, the low activity of SDH was found to hamper the high yield of 2-KLG, and enhancing the expression of SDH was achieved by screening the suitable promoters based on RNA sequencing data. We obtained 97 promoters from G. oxydans’s genome, including two strong shuttle promoters and six strongest promoters. Among these promoters, P3022 and P0943 revealed strong activities in both Escherichia coli and G. oxydans, and the activity of the strongest promoter (P2703) was about threefold that of the other reported strong promoters of G. oxydans. These promoters were used to overexpress SDH in G. oxydans WSH-003. The titer of 2-KLG reached 3.7 g/L when SDH was under the control of strong promoters P2057 and P2703. This study obtained a series of gradient promoters, including two strong shuttle promoters, and expanded the toolbox of available promoters for the application in metabolic engineering of G. oxydans for high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Dai L, Jiang W, Zhou X, Xu Y. Enhancement in xylonate production from hemicellulose pre-hydrolysate by powdered activated carbon treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123944. [PMID: 32769000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xylonic acid can be produced with high-yield from hemicelullosic xylose, which accounts for 25% of the total sugars in lignocellulosic material. The key barrier associated with efficient bio-oxidation of hemicellulosic xylose to xylonic acid is the serious foam formed in downstream air-aerated and agitated bioreaction process, which caused by the high viscosity of concentrated pre-hydrolysate. Powdered activated carbon treatment can selectively absorb the non-sugar compounds with relatively low losses of xylose, which is beneficial for the valuable xylose derivatives production. In this present study, powdered activated carbon was employed for treating the concentrated pre-hydrolysate from diluted acid pretreated corncob. The results indicated that the powdered activated carbon treatment significantly reduced the viscosity of concentrated pre-hydrolysate and the other non-sugar compounds, which enabled scale-up lignocellulosic xylonic acid production using the air-aerated and agitated bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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