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Li S, Luo S, Zhao X, Gao S, Shan X, Lu J, Zhou J. Efficient Conversion of Stevioside to Rebaudioside M in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a Engineering Hydrolase System and Prolonging the Growth Cycle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8140-8148. [PMID: 38563232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rebaudioside (Reb) M is an important sweetener with high sweetness, but its low content in Stevia rebaudiana and low catalytic capacity of the glycosyltransferases in heterologous microorganisms limit its production. In order to improve the catalytic efficiency of the conversion of stevioside to Reb M by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several key issues must be resolved including knocking out endogenous hydrolases, enhancing glycosylation, and extending the enzyme catalytic process. Herein, endogenous glycosyl hydrolase SCW2 was knocked out in S. cerevisiae. The glycosylation process was enhanced by screening glycosyltransferases, and UGT91D2 from S. rebaudiana was identified as the optimum glycosyltransferase. The UDP-glucose supply was enhanced by overexpressing UGP1, and co-expressing UGT91D2 and UGT76G1 achieved efficient conversion of stevioside to Reb M. In order to extend the catalytic process, the silencing information regulator 2 (SIR2) which can prolong the growth cycle of S. cerevisiae was introduced. Finally, combining these modifications produced 12.5 g/L Reb M and the yield reached 77.9% in a 5 L bioreactor with 10.0 g/L stevioside, the highest titer from steviol glycosides to Reb M reported to date. The engineered strain could facilitate the industrial production of Reb M, and the strategies provide references for the production of steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuangshuang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xingying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Chen K, Lin L, Ma R, Ding J, Pan H, Tao Y, Li Y, Jia H. Identification of sucrose synthase from Micractinium conductrix to favor biocatalytic glycosylation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1220208. [PMID: 37649634 PMCID: PMC10465243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) is a unique glycosyltransferase (GT) for developing cost-effective glycosylation processes. Up to now, some SuSys derived from plants and bacteria have been used to recycle uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose in the reactions catalyzed by Leloir GTs. In this study, after sequence mining and experimental verification, a SuSy from Micractinium conductrix (McSuSy), a single-cell green alga, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. In the direction of sucrose cleavage, the specific activity of the recombinant McSuSy is 9.39 U/mg at 37°C and pH 7.0, and the optimum temperature and pH were 60°C and pH 7.0, respectively. Its nucleotide preference for uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) was similar to plant SuSys, and the enzyme activity remained relatively high when the DMSO concentration below 25%. The mutation of the predicted N-terminal phosphorylation site (S31D) significantly stimulated the activity of McSuSy. When the mutant S31D of McSuSy was applied by coupling the engineered Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 in a one-pot two-enzyme reaction at 10% DMSO, 50 g/L rebaudioside E was transformed into 51.06 g/L rebaudioside M in 57 h by means of batch feeding, with a yield of 76.48%. This work may reveal the lower eukaryotes as a promising resource for SuSys of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Zerva A, Mohammadi M, Dimopoulos G, Taoukis P, Topakas E. Transglycosylation of Stevioside by a Commercial β-Glucanase with Fungal Extracted β-Glucans as Donors. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2023; 14:1-11. [PMID: 36713934 PMCID: PMC9872074 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-023-02052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Alternative sweeteners, such as steviol glucosides from the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, are becoming increasingly popular for the design of next-generation foodstuffs. However, the bitter aftertaste of native steviol glucosides is one of the main reasons behind consumer reluctance towards stevia-containing products. Biocatalysis could be a sustainable solution to this problem, through addition of glucosyl moieties to the molecule. Glycoside hydrolases are enzymes performing transglycosylation reactions, and they can be exploited for such modifications. In the present work, the commercial β-glucanase Finizym 250L® was employed for the transglycosylation of stevioside. After optimization of several reaction parameters, the maximal reaction yield obtained was 19%, with barley β-glucan as the glycosyl donor. With the aim to develop a sustainable process, β-glucan extracts from different fungal sources were prepared. Pulsed Electric Field pretreatment of mycelial biomass resulted in extracts with higher β-glucan content. The extracts were tested as alternative glucosyl donors, reaching up to 15.5% conversion yield, from Pleurotus-extracted β-glucan. Overall, in the present work a novel enzymatic process for the modification of stevioside is proposed, with concomitant valorization of β-glucans extracted from fungal biomass, potentially generated as a byproduct from other applications, in concert with the principles of circular economy. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zerva
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Milad Mohammadi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Dimopoulos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Taoukis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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Pan H, Xiao L, Tang K, Xia H, Li Y, Jia H, Wei P, Yan M. Screening UDP-Glycosyltransferases for Effectively Transforming Stevia Glycosides: Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucosylated Derivatives of Rubusoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15178-15188. [PMID: 36424346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Five plant-derived uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that catalyzed the glucosylation of stevia glycosides (SGs) were uncovered as the result of sequence mining considering the catalytic residues and conserved motifs of the known UGTs. Thereinto, LbUGT from Lycium barbarum with high activity toward rubusoside has been enzymatically characterized. The recombinant LbUGT was demonstrated to catalyze the β-1,6-glucosylation at C19 of rubusoside, producing a monoglucosyl derivative 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester], which was then submitted to a β-1,2-glucosylation by LbUGT, resulting in a diglucosyl derivative 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester]. The di-glycosylated product of rubusoside showed an obvious increase in sweetness intensity (134 times sweeter than 5% sucrose) and almost eliminated the unpleasant bitter taste. This work will provide a reference for the taste improvement of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haojun Xia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Efficient synthesis of rebaudioside D2 through UGT94D1-catalyzed regio-selective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yu J, Tao Y, Pan H, Lin L, Sun J, Ma R, Li Y, Jia H. Mutation of Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 for efficient biotransformation of rebaudioside E into rebaudioside M. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Immobilized glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase on Fe3O4@Uio-66 in cascade catalysis for the one-pot conversion of rebaudioside D from rebaudioside A. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mao Y, Chen Z, Ren Y, Sun Y, Wang Y. Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for Rubusoside Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13155-13163. [PMID: 34699718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rubusoside (Rub) is a highly sweet diterpene glycoside mainly isolated from the leaves of Rubus suavissimus (Rosaceae). It has been used as a low-calorie natural sweetener for decades and was recently found to be a potential drug lead. In this study, we designed a whole-cell biocatalyst to achieve the glycosylation of steviol to Rub in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sucrose synthases were applied to construct a uridine diphosphate glucose regeneration system, which were coupled with optimal combinations of different uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases from multiple plant species. After optimization of reaction conditions, the residues in SrUGT74G1 probably influencing glycosylation efficiency were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Double mutations of S84A/E87A reduced the accumulation of intermediates, finally glucosylating 1.27 g/L steviol to 0.45 ± 0.06 g/L steviolmonoside (conversion rate = 23.3%) and 1.92 ± 0.17 g/L Rub (conversion rate = 74.9%). A high efficiency of Rub biosynthesis could be achieved without supply of additional UDPG. This work provided the first example of multi-step glycosylation reactions in whole-cell biocatalysis, which laid a foundation of scalable production of the value-added diterpene sweetener in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Mao
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zerva A, Chorozian K, Kritikou AS, Thomaidis NS, Topakas E. β-Glucosidase and β-Galactosidase-Mediated Transglycosylation of Steviol Glycosides Utilizing Industrial Byproducts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:685099. [PMID: 34178968 PMCID: PMC8220073 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.685099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant cultivated worldwide due to its use as a sweetener. The sweet taste of stevia is attributed to its numerous steviol glycosides, however, their use is still limited, due to their bitter aftertaste. The transglycosylation of steviol glycosides, aiming at the improvement of their taste, has been reported for many enzymes, however, glycosyl hydrolases are not extensively studied in this respect. In the present study, a β-glucosidase, MtBgl3a, and a β-galactosidase, TtbGal1, have been applied in the transglycosylation of two steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A. The maximum conversion yields were 34.6 and 33.1% for stevioside, while 25.6 and 37.6% were obtained for rebaudioside A conversion by MtBgl3a and TtbGal1, respectively. Low-cost industrial byproducts were employed as sugar donors, such as cellulose hydrolyzate and acid whey for TtbGal1- and MtBgl3a- mediated bioconversion, respectively. LC-HRMS analysis identified the formation of mono- and di- glycosylated products from stevioside and rebaudioside A. Overall, the results of the present work indicate that both biocatalysts can be exploited for the design of a cost-effective process for the modification of steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zerva
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Koar Chorozian
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia S Kritikou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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