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Low SA, Nielsen JJ, Coakley CM, Thomas M, Mbachu EU, Chen CL, Jones-Hall Y, Tremblay MI, Hicks JR, Low PS. An engineered dual function peptide to repair fractured bones. J Control Release 2022; 350:688-697. [PMID: 36030992 PMCID: PMC9897200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery, often referred to as "smart" drug delivery, is a process whereby a therapeutic drug is delivered to specific parts of the body in a manner that increases its concentration at the desired sites relative to others. This approach is poised to revolutionize medicine as exemplified by the recent FDA approval of Cytalux (FDA approves pioneering drug for ovarian cancer surgery - Purdue University News) which is a folate-receptor targeted intraoperative near infrared (NIR) imaging agent that was developed in our laboratories. Fracture-associated morbidities and mortality affect a significant portion of world population. United states, Canada and Europe alone spent $48 billion in treating osteoporosis related fractures although this number doesn't count the economic burden due to loss in productivity. It is estimated that by 2050 ca 21 million hip fractures would occur globally which will be leading cause of premature death and disability. Despite the need for improvement in the treatment for fracture repair, methods for treating fractures have changed little in recent decades. Systemic delivery of fracture-homing bone anabolics holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy in this regard. Here we report the design of a fracture-targeted peptide comprised of a payload that binds and activates the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1) and is linked to a targeting ligand comprised of 20 D-glutamic acids (D-Glu20) that directs accumulation of the payload specifically at fracture sites. This targeted delivery results in reduction of fracture healing times to <1/2 while creating repaired bones that are >2-fold stronger than saline-treated controls in mice. Moreover, this hydroxyapatite-targeted peptide can be administered without detectable toxicity to healthy tissues or modification of healthy bones in dogs. Additionally, since similar results are obtained upon treatment of osteoporotic and diabetic fractures in mice, and pain resolution is simultaneously accelerated by this approach, we conclude that this fracture-targeted anabolic peptide displays significant potential to revolutionize the treatment of bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jeffery J Nielsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Mini Thomas
- Novosteo Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Ephraim U Mbachu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christopher L Chen
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yava Jones-Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Madeleine I Tremblay
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan R Hicks
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Li X, Zhang J, Kong X, Xerenbek T, Mamet T. Yak (Bos grunniens) milk improves bone mass and microarchitecture in mice with osteoporosis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7878-7890. [PMID: 35965127 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of milk on bone health is controversial. In this study, the effects of yak milk in mice with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis (OP) were evaluated. Yak milk was provided to OP mice as a nutrition supplement for 6 wk. The results showed that yak milk significantly reduced bone turnover markers (tartrate acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase). The yak milk treatment was also associated with remarkably increased bone mineral density, bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as improved biomechanical properties (maximum load and stress) of the tibia. Furthermore, yak milk mitigated the deterioration of the network and thickness of trabecular bone in treated OP mice compared with the OP model group. The results indicated that yak milk could improve bone mass and microarchitecture through the inhibition of bone resorption in OP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xianglin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Talaygul Xerenbek
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture, Kashgar 844000, China
| | - Torkun Mamet
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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Nyman JS, Kalaitzoglou E, Clay Bunn R, Uppuganti S, Thrailkill KM, Fowlkes JL. Preserving and restoring bone with continuous insulin infusion therapy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Bone Rep 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 28736738 PMCID: PMC5508511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more likely to suffer a fracture than age- and sex-matched individuals without diabetes, despite daily insulin therapy. In rodent studies examining the effect of bone- or glucose-targeting therapies on preventing the T1D-related decrease in bone strength, insulin co-therapy is often not included, despite the known importance of insulin signaling to bone mass accrual. Therefore, working toward a relevant pre-clinical model of diabetic bone disease, we assessed the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy at escalating doses on preserving bone and the effect of delayed CSII on rescuing the T1D-related bone deterioration in an established murine model of T1D. Osmotic minipumps were implanted in male DBA/2 J mice 2 weeks (prevention study) and 6 weeks (rescue study) after the first injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to deliver insulin at 0, 0.0625, 0.125, or 0.25 IU/day (prevention study; n = 4-5 per dose) and 0 or 0.25 IU/day (rescue study; n = 10 per group). CSII lasted 4 weeks in both studies, which also included age-matched, non-diabetic DBA/2 J mice (n = 8-12 per study). As the insulin dose increased, blood glucose decreased, body weight increased, a serum maker of bone resorption decreased, and a serum marker of bone formation increased such that each end-point characteristic was linearly correlated with dose. There were insulin dose-dependent relationships (femur diaphysis) with cross-sectional area of cortical bone and cortical thickness (micro-computed tomography) as well as structural strength (peak force endured by the mid-shaft during three-point bending). Likewise, trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), thickness, and number (distal femur metaphysis) increased as the insulin dose increased. Delayed CSII improved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but blood glucose levels remained relatively high (well above non-diabetic levels). Interestingly, it returned the resorption and formation markers to similar levels as those seen in non-T1D control mice. This apparent return after 4 weeks of CSII translated to a partial rescue of the structural strength of the femur mid-shaft. Delayed CSII also increased Tb.Th to levels seen in non-T1D controls but did not fully restore BV/TV. The use of exogenous insulin should be considered in pre-clinical studies investigating the effect of T1D on bone as insulin therapy maintains bone structure without necessarily lowering glucose below diabetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - R. Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - John L. Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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Patrocínio-Silva TL, Souza AMFD, Goulart RL, Pegorari CF, Oliveira JR, Fernandes KR, Magri AMP, Pereira RMR, Ribeiro DA, Nagaoka MR, Rennó ACM. Low-level laser therapy associated to a resistance training protocol on bone tissue in diabetic rats. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2016; 60:457-464. [PMID: 27812609 PMCID: PMC10118645 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo response of a resistance training and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on tibias and femurs of rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four experimental groups: control group (CG), diabetic group (DG), diabetic trained group (TG) and diabetic trained and laser irradiated group (TLG). DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and after two weeks laser and resistance training started, performed for 24 sessions, during eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and tibias and femurs were removed for analysis. Histological, histomorphometrical, immunohistochemistry and mechanical analyses were performed. Results Trained groups, with or without laser irradiation, showed increased cortical area, bone density and biomechanical properties. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TG and TLG demonstrated an increased RUNX2 expression. RANK-L immunoexpression was similar for all experimental groups. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be suggested that the resistance exercise program stimulated bone metabolism, culminating in increased cortical tibial area, bone mineral content, bone mineral density and biomechanical properties. Furthermore, the association of physical exercises and LLLT produced higher values for bone mineral content and stiffness. Consequently, these data highlight the potential of physical exercise in the management of bone loss due to DM and the possible extra osteogenic stimulus offered by lasertherapy. Further long-term studies should be carried out to provide additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raul Loppi Goulart
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - Márcia Regina Nagaoka
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Rennó
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, SP, Brasil
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Zhang Y, Feng P, Yang J. High glucose-associated osmolality promotes adipocytogenic differentiation of primary rat osteoblasts in a protein kinase A and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent manner. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Galassi A, Cozzolino M. Magnesium: a renewed player of vascular ageing in diabetic CKD patients? Clin Kidney J 2014; 7:93-6. [PMID: 25852855 PMCID: PMC4377787 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfu011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galassi
- Renal and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine , Desio Hospital , Desio , Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division , San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Li X, Hu C, Zhu Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang Z. Effects of aluminum exposure on bone mineral density, mineral, and trace elements in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:378-85. [PMID: 20886309 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) exposure on bone mineral elements, trace elements, and bone mineral density (BMD) in rats. One hundred Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups. Experimental rats were given drinking water containing aluminum chloride (AlCl(3), 430 mg Al(3+)/L), whereas control rats were given distilled water for up to 150 days. Ten rats were sacrificed in each group every 30 days. The levels of Al, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), boron (B), and strontium (Sr) in bone and the BMD of femur were measured. Al-treated rats showed lower deposition of Ca, P, and Mg compared with control rats. Levels of trace elements (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Se, B, and Sr) were significantly lower in the Al-treated group than in the control group from day 60, and the BMD of the femur metaphysis in the Al-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group on days 120 and 150. These findings indicate that long-term Al exposure reduces the levels of mineral and trace elements in bone. As a result, bone loss was induced (particularly in cancellous bone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
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Blakytny R, Spraul M, Jude EB. Review: The diabetic bone: a cellular and molecular perspective. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2011; 10:16-32. [PMID: 21444607 DOI: 10.1177/1534734611400256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes the resulting complications, their consequences and treatment will lead to a greater social and financial burden on society. One of the many organs to be affected is bone. Loss of bone is observed in type 1 diabetes, in extreme cases mirroring osteoporosis, thus a greater risk of fracture. In the case of type 2 diabetes, both a loss and an increase of bone has been observed, although in both cases the quality of the bone overall was poorer, again leading to a greater risk of fracture. Once a fracture has occurred, healing is delayed in diabetes, including nonunion. The reasons leading to such changes in the state of the bone and fracture healing in diabetes is under investigation, including at the cellular and the molecular levels. In comparison with our knowledge of events in normal bone homeostasis and fracture healing, that for diabetes is much more limited, particularly in patients. However, progress is being made, especially with the use of animal models for both diabetes types. Identifying the molecular and cellular changes in the bone in diabetes and understanding how they arise will allow for targeted intervention to improve diabetic bone, thus helping to counter conditions such as Charcot foot as well as preventing fracture and accelerating healing when a fracture does occur.
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Yang W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Tan L, Yang K. Potential antiosteoporosis effect of biodegradable magnesium implanted in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:386-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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