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Hudecova L, Jomova K, Lauro P, Simunkova M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Moncol J, Valko M. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of bifunctional cooper(ii) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flufenamic, mefenamic and tolfenamic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCooper(ii) complexes represent a promising group of compounds with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In the present work, a series of Cu(ii) complexes containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tolfenamic acid, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid as their redox-cycling functionalities, and 1,10-phenanthroline as an intercalating component, has been studied. The antibacterial activities of all three complexes, [Cu(tolf-O,O′)2(phen)] (1), [Cu(mef-O,O′)2(phen)] (2) and [Cu(fluf-O,O′)2(phen)] (3), were tested against the prokaryotic model organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and their antifungal activities were evaluated towards the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The antibacterial activity of both strains has been compared with the antibiotic Neomycin. The calculated IC50 values revealed slight differences in the antibacterial activities of the complexes in the order 1 ∼ 3 > 2. The most profound growth inhibition of E. coli was observed, at its highest concentration, for the complex 1, which contains chlorine atoms in the ligand environment. The trend obtained from IC50 values is generally in agreement with the determined MIC values. Similarly, the complex 1 showed the greatest growth inhibition of the yeast S. cerevisiae and the overall antifungal activities of the Cu(ii) complexes were found to follow the order 1 > 3 ≫ 2. However, for complex 2, even at the highest concentration tested (150 μM), a 50% decrease in yeast growth was not achieved. It appears that the most potent antimicrobial and antifungal Cu(ii) complexes are those containing halogenated NSAIDs. The mechanisms by which Cu(ii) complexes cause antibacterial and antifungal activities can be understood on the basis of redox-cycling reactions between cupric and cuprous species which lead to the formation of free radicals. The higher efficacy of the Cu(ii) complexes against bacterial cells may be due to an absence of membrane-protected nuclear DNA, meaning that on entering a cell, they can interact directly with its DNA. Contrastingly, for the complexes to interact with the DNA in yeast cells, they must first penetrate through the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Moncol
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Naso LG, Martínez Medina JJ, D'Alessandro F, Rey M, Rizzi A, Piro OE, Echeverría GA, Ferrer EG, Williams PAM. Ternary copper(II) complex of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 1,10-phenanthroline with several pharmacological properties and an adequate safety profile. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 204:110933. [PMID: 31825796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a ternary copper complex, [Cu(5HTP)(phen)(H2O)](NO3).2H2O, with the antioxidant agent 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and phenanthroline (phen, added to improve its lipophilicity and membrane transport). The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The complex showed antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor and antimetastatic properties with an adequate safety profile. The interaction of the metal with phen promotes cellular copper accumulation and cytotoxicity on human lung A549 cell line (IC50 = 3.6 μM). Furthermore, the viability of the normal human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) is not altered by the complex. An oxidative stress mechanism for the anticancer effect has been determined: cellular increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease of the glutathione (GSH) and oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio and alteration of the mitochondrial potential. The complex also displays antimetastatic activities with inhibition of cell adhesion, invasion and migration. It has not mutagenic behavior and no toxicity on Artemia salina indicating its potential to act as an effective and safety antimicrobial and antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana G Naso
- CEQUINOR, CONICET/UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan J Martínez Medina
- Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral, Comandante Fernández 755, CP: 3700 Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Franco D'Alessandro
- CEQUINOR, CONICET/UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marilin Rey
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria-Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Rizzi
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria-Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oscar E Piro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y IFLP (CONICET, CCT La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Echeverría
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y IFLP (CONICET, CCT La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Evelina G Ferrer
- CEQUINOR, CONICET/UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia A M Williams
- CEQUINOR, CONICET/UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Vušak D, Smrečki N, Prugovečki B, Đilović I, Kirasić I, Žilić D, Muratović S, Matković-Čalogović D. Cobalt, nickel and copper complexes with glycinamide: structural insights and magnetic properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21637-21645. [PMID: 35518873 PMCID: PMC9066431 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten new compounds of Co, Ni and Cu with glycinamide (HL = glycinamide): [Co(H2O)2(HL)2]Cl2 (1a), [Co(H2O)2(HL)2]Br1.06Cl0.94 (1b), [Co(H2O)2(HL)2]I2 (1c), [Ni(H2O)2(HL)2]Cl2 (2a), [Ni(H2O)2(HL)2]Br0.94Cl1.06 (2b), [Ni(H2O)2(HL)2]I2 (low and room temperature polymorph, 2cLT and 2cRT), [CuCl2(HL)2] (3a), [CuBr1.3Cl0.7(HL)2] (3b) and {[Cu(HL)2]2[Cu2I6]}n (3c), as well as glycinamide hydroiodide (H2LI) and a new polymorph of glycinamide hydrochloride (β-H2LCl) were prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and ESR spectroscopy. 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b are isostructural, as well as 1c and 2cRT, while the Cu compounds (3a–c) have entirely different molecular structures. All investigated compounds are mononuclear with exception of the 1D coordination polymer 3c. Compound 3c contains copper ions in the mixed oxidation state Cu(i) and Cu(ii) with interesting magnetic properties. Paramagnetic behaviour was found in 1a, 1b, 3a and 3b. Temperature induced polymorphic transformation was observed in 2c. Compounds 1a and 3a showed moderate antiproliferative activity and selectivity toward the human breast tumor cell line MCF-7. We report the crystal structures and magnetic properties of nine mononuclear complexes and one 1D coordination polymer containing CuII/CuI ions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vušak
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Neven Smrečki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Biserka Prugovečki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Inka Kirasić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Dijana Žilić
- Laboratory for Magnetic Resonances
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Senada Muratović
- Laboratory for Magnetic Resonances
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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İnci D, Aydın R, Vatan Ö, Huriyet H, Zorlu Y, Çoşut B, Çinkılıç N. Cu (II) tyrosinate complexes containing methyl substituted phenanthrolines: Synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, biomolecular interactions, antioxidant activity, ROS generation and cytotoxicity. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu İnci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludag University; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Rahmiye Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludag University; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Özgür Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludag University; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Huzeyfe Huriyet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludag University; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Çoşut
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çinkılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludag University; 16059 Bursa Turkey
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5
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İnci D, Aydın R, Vatan Ö, Zorlu Y, Çinkılıç N. New binary copper(II) complexes containing intercalating ligands: DNA interactions, an unusual static quenching mechanism of BSA and cytotoxic activities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3878-3901. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1404936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu İnci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Rahmiye Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Özgür Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çinkılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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6
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Dual Mechanism of Action of 5-Nitro-1,10-Phenanthroline against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00969-17. [PMID: 28893784 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00969-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New chemotherapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action are urgently required to combat the challenge imposed by the emergence of drug-resistant mycobacteria. In this study, a phenotypic whole-cell screen identified 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (5NP) as a lead compound. 5NP-resistant isolates harbored mutations that were mapped to fbiB and were also resistant to the bicyclic nitroimidazole PA-824. Mechanistic studies confirmed that 5NP is activated in an F420-dependent manner, resulting in the formation of 1,10-phenanthroline and 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-amine as major metabolites in bacteria. Interestingly, 5NP also killed naturally resistant intracellular bacteria by inducing autophagy in macrophages. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed the essentiality of the nitro group for in vitro activity, and an analog, 3-methyl-6-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, that had improved in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy in mice compared with that of 5NP was designed. These findings demonstrate that, in addition to a direct mechanism of action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 5NP also modulates the host machinery to kill intracellular pathogens.
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7
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New isomeric Cu(NO 2 -phen) 2 Br]Br complexes: Crystal structure, Hirschfeld surface, physicochemical, solvatochromism, thermal, computational and DNA-binding analysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Low ML, Chan CW, Ng PY, Ooi IH, Maah MJ, Chye SM, Tan KW, Ng SW, Ng CH. Ternary and binary copper(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, ROS-inductive, proteasome inhibitory, and anticancer properties. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1260711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheang Wei Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ing Hong Ooi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Jamil Maah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kong Wai Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chew Hee Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Dalecki AG, Malalasekera AP, Schaaf K, Kutsch O, Bossmann SH, Wolschendorf F. Combinatorial phenotypic screen uncovers unrecognized family of extended thiourea inhibitors with copper-dependent anti-staphylococcal activity. Metallomics 2016; 8:412-21. [PMID: 26935206 PMCID: PMC4838501 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00003g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuous rise of multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a significant challenge for the health care system. In particular, novel drugs to treat infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) are needed, but traditional drug discovery campaigns have largely failed to deliver clinically suitable antibiotics. More than simply new drugs, new drug discovery approaches are needed to combat bacterial resistance. The recently described phenomenon of copper-dependent inhibitors has galvanized research exploring the use of metal-coordinating molecules to harness copper's natural antibacterial properties for therapeutic purposes. Here, we describe the results of the first concerted screening effort to identify copper-dependent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus. A standard library of 10 000 compounds was assayed for anti-staphylococcal activity, with hits defined as those compounds with a strict copper-dependent inhibitory activity. A total of 53 copper-dependent hit molecules were uncovered, similar to the copper independent hit rate of a traditionally executed campaign conducted in parallel on the same library. Most prominent was a hit family with an extended thiourea core structure, termed the NNSN motif. This motif resulted in copper-dependent and copper-specific S. aureus inhibition, while simultaneously being well tolerated by eukaryotic cells. Importantly, we could demonstrate that copper binding by the NNSN motif is highly unusual and likely responsible for the promising biological qualities of these compounds. A subsequent chemoinformatic meta-analysis of the ChEMBL chemical database confirmed the NNSNs as an unrecognized staphylococcal inhibitor, despite the family's presence in many chemical screening libraries. Thus, our copper-biased screen has proven able to discover inhibitors within previously screened libraries, offering a mechanism to reinvigorate exhausted molecular collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Dalecki
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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İnci D, Aydın R, Vatan Ö, Yılmaz D, Gençkal HM, Zorlu Y, Cavaş T. Binary and ternary new water soluble copper(II) complexes of l-tyrosine and substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines: effect of substitution on DNA interactions and cytotoxicities. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:313-324. [PMID: 25795604 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Binary and ternary water soluble copper(II) complexes - [Cu(nphen)2(H2O)](NO3)2·H2O (1), [Cu(phen)2(H2O)](NO3)2 (2), [Cu(nphen)(l-tyr)(H2O)]NO3·2H2O (3), [Cu(phen)(tyr)(H2O)] NO3·2H2O (4) - and diquarternary salts of nphen and phen (nphen=5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, phen=1,10-phenanthroline and tyr=l-tyrosine) have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The CT-DNA binding properties of these compounds have been investigated by thermal denaturation measurements, absorption and emission spectroscopy. The supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA cleavage activity of these compounds has been explored by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against MCF-7, Caco-2, A549 cancer cells and BEAS-2B healthy cells was also studied by using XTT method. The complexes 1-4 exhibit significant high cytotoxicity with low IC50 values in compared with cisplatin. The effect of the substituents of phen and coordinated amino acid in the above complexes are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu İnci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rahmiye Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Özgür Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hasene Mutlu Gençkal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tolga Cavaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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11
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Medici S, Peana M, Nurchi VM, Lachowicz JI, Crisponi G, Zoroddu MA. Noble metals in medicine: Latest advances. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Jiang R, Wang M, Xue J, Xu N, Hou G, Zhang W. Cytotoxicity of sulfurous acid on cell membrane and bioactivity of Nitrosomonas europaea. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:896-901. [PMID: 25240954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea, an ammonia oxidizing bacterium, was chosen as a research model to study the alteration of cell membrane in the presence of sulfurous acid and biodegradation of acetochlor. Significant changes of the outer cell membrane were observed in the presence of sulfurous acid using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The fluorescence polarization has shown a significant decrease in membrane fluidity and the increase of permeability of cell membrane. Lysozyme experiment show the cell becomes easily influenced by substance in medium. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements show considerable amount of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in the supernatant from the sulfurous acid exposed cells. Sulfurous acid treatment enhanced the ability of N. europaea to degrade acetochlor. On this basis, it can be concluded that the increased cell permeability is favor for the absorbability of nutrition. As a result, N. europaea grows faster and the biodegradation efficiency was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jianliang Xue
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
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13
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Katzianer DS, Yano T, Rubin H, Zhu J. A high-throughput small-molecule screen to identify a novel chemical inhibitor of Clostridium difficile. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:69-73. [PMID: 24837414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile, a highly drug-resistant Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, remains a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea and antibiotic-associated colitis. Clinically, only a handful of antibiotics are used for treating C. difficile infection (CDI), suggesting a necessity for the development of new treatment options. Here we performed a high-throughput screen of 2000 drug-like compounds for inhibition of C. difficile. From this screen, one compound, 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (5-NP), showed potent bactericidal effects in vitro. In addition, this compound displayed high potency towards other Clostridium spp. as well as Mycobacterium bovis but not towards other tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, we show that this inhibition may proceed through a metal chelation-dependent mechanism. More importantly, preliminary evidence suggests moderate efficacy for this compound in treating CDI in a murine infection model. These results present a possible basis for the further development of this compound as an antibiotic treatment for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Katzianer
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takahiro Yano
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harvey Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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