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Liu S, Wang Y, Huang F, Wang H, Yang R, Yang Q, He G, Chen B, Dong R. Associations of exposure to melamine, cyanuric acid, phthalates with markers of early kidney impairment, and their interactions in US adults: analyses of NHANES 2003-2004 data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79516-79528. [PMID: 35715676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL), cyanuric acid (CYA), and phthalates have kidney toxicity, respectively. Still, no study has explored whether there is an interaction of co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and phthalates on early kidney impairment, including cystatin C (CYST), beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urine samples were collected from 333 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004, and urinary MEL, CYA, and ten metabolites of phthalates were quantified. The multiple markers of early kidney impairment were also measured, including serum CYST, β2-MG, urinary ACR, and eGFR. Their associations were explored by multiple linear and multivariate logistic regression models. Meanwhile, the interactions of co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and phthalates on early kidney impairment were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test combined with the LSD test. In the multiple linear regression model, urinary concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were positively associated with urinary ACR, serum β2-MG, and CYST, respectively. Urinary concentrations of MBzP and MCPP were negatively associated with eGFR. In the multivariate logistic regression model, increased urinary CYA concentration was the risk factor of CYST abnormality with an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) of 2.38 (1.01, 5.60) (P = 0.047) and increased urinary MBzP concentration was the risk factor of ACR abnormality with an OR of 2.59 (1.41, 4.75) (P = 0.002). The co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and four phthalate metabolites (MEHP, MBzP, MCPP, and MECPP) presented significantly interactive effects on the markers of early kidney impairment, respectively. There were the independent and interactive effects of exposure to MEL, CYA, and specific phthalate metabolites on early kidney impairment. Due to co-exposure to multiple environmental chemicals in our daily life, more attention should be paid to the health damage raised by the synergistic effects of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hangwei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoru Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Chemical Laboratory, Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Liu S, Yang R, Yang Q, He G, Chen B, Dong R. The independent and interactive effects of phthalates exposure and hypertension on the indicators of early renal injury in US adults: Evidence from NHANES 2001-2004. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113733. [PMID: 35750123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The association between phthalates and early renal injury is largely unknown in adults. We aim to explore the associations of phthalates and hypertension with early renal injury, and the interactive effects of phthalate and hypertension on the early renal injury. This study enrolled 3283 U.S. adults from NHANES 2001-2004. We detected nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine. We also measured the multiple indicators of early renal injury, including albumin-to-creatinine (Cr) ratio (ACR), β2-microglobulin (B2M), cystatin C (CYST), and calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), including Cr-based eGFR, CYST-based eGFR, and Cr-CYST-based eGFR. Multiple linear regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the associations among urinary phthalate metabolites, hypertension, and the indicators of early renal injury. The results showed that monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were positively associated with ACR, B2M, CYST and negatively associated with three eGFR. Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was positively associated with ACR, with a β value of 0.099 (95% CI: 0.046, 0.152). Meanwhile, MEHP was associated with a higher risk of ACR abnormality, with an OR value of 1.258 (95% CI: 1.067, 1.482). MBzP, MCPP, and MEOHP increased the risks of ACR, B2M, CYST, and eGFR abnormality. Hypertension was positively associated with ACR, with a β value of 0.460 (95% CI: 0.360, 0.561). We also found interactive effects of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), MCPP, MBzP, monobutyl phthalate (MnBP), and hypertension on B2M, CYST, and three kinds of eGFR. Our results indicated that certain phthalate metabolites might contribute to increased risks of early renal injury. The hypertension population may be more sensitive to the early renal injury caused by phthalates exposure than the non-hypertension population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoru Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Chemical Laboratory, Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Cabral M, Garçon G, Touré A, Bah F, Dewaele D, Bouhsina S, Cazier F, Faye A, Fall M, Courcot D, Verdin A. Renal impairment assessment on adults living nearby a landfill: Early kidney dysfunction biomarkers linked to the environmental exposure to heavy metals. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:386-394. [PMID: 33717991 PMCID: PMC7932908 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Health risk of the neighboring population of the Mbeubeuss landfill (Senegal). Assessment of the impact of Cd/Pb exposure through dysfunction renal biomarkers. Specific increases of a set of early dysfunction renal biomarkers in exposed subjects. Glomerular and tubular dysfunction in exposed subjects.
The aim of this study was to assess the integrity and kidney overall functional capacity of subjects exposed to landfill emissions. Urine and blood levels of Pb and Cd, and several of the newly biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (Kim Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1), alpha-1 Microglobulin (α1 M), beta-2 Microglobulin (β2 M), Cystatin-C (Cyst C), Clusterin, alpha-glutathione S-transferase (GSTα), pi-glutathione S-transferase (GSTπ), Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), Calbindin, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Osteopontin (OPN), (Retinol Binding Protein(RBP), Liver-type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (FABP-1), Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3), Collagen VI) were measured in order to assess glomerular and tubule damage in adults living near a landfill. Our results indicate glomerular dysfunction in exposed subjects, and supported evidence of necrosis of proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells as specific biomarkers began to appear in the urine. Positive correlation by Pearson test were obtained between : blood Pb and B-OPN, B-Cyst C, Calbindin, U-KIM-1, TIMP1, U-OPN, and U-Clusterin; and also, between urinary Cd and TIMP1, B-Clusterin, U-OPN, FABP-1, Albumin, and U-Clusterin. The relation between biomarkers of Cd/Pb exposure and early effect biomarkers in this study clearly predicts the future risk of severe kidney injury in subjects living close to the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cabral
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-59140, Dunkerque, France.,Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-59140, Dunkerque, France.,CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine (IMPECS), Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aminata Touré
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Bah
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM, Centre Commun de Mesures, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Saâd Bouhsina
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM, Centre Commun de Mesures, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Adama Faye
- Institut de Santé et Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Fall
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d'Hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
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Taha MM, Shahy EM, Mahdy-Abdallah H, Ibrahim KS, El Tahlawy EM. Evaluation of the effect of serum cystatin-C and ACE I/D and ACE G2350A polymorphisms on kidney function among hypertensive sewage workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1619-1626. [PMID: 32851527 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) as nephrotoxicant metal exerts its potent effect mainly on renal tubules disturbing its functions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 sewage workers occupationally exposed to Cd and 50 control subjects. The study aimed to assess the effect of low-level Cd exposure on blood pressure and renal function in terms of serum cystatin-C levels. The associations between genetic polymorphisms of ACEI/D and ACE G2350A and hypertension and tubular injury among workers were studied. We analyzed blood and urine Cd concentration (U-Cd), serum cystatin-C, ACE I/D polymorphisms, and ACE G2350A, and blood pressure was measured. Results recorded a significant rise in serum and U-Cd and cystatin-C levels in sewage workers compared with controls. Significant distribution in genotype frequency of ACE I/D and ACE G2350A gene was detected. An association in DD genotype of ACE I/D with a rise in serum and U-Cd was observed in workers. In wild type genotype GG of ACE G2350A gene, a significant rise in serum cystatin-C levels and diastolic pressure was found while in heterozygote genotype GA significant rise in U-Cd levels was detected. Also, the association of AA genotype of ACE G2350A gene with a significant rise in serum and U-Cd and cystatin-C levels was shown among workers compared with control groups. Our findings indicated an association of ACE DD polymorphism in conjugation with GG genotype of ACE2 with hypertension and tubular injury in sewage workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Taha
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman M Shahy
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba Mahdy-Abdallah
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khadiga S Ibrahim
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Eman M El Tahlawy
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Jin Y, Lu Y, Li Y, Zhao H, Wang X, Shen Y, Kuang X. Correlation between environmental low-dose cadmium exposure and early kidney damage: A comparative study in an industrial zone vs. a living quarter in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103381. [PMID: 32413495 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate heavy metal exposure in an industrial zone vs. a living quarter in Shanghai and explore the relationship between the heavy metal source and urine cadmium (Cd) and early kidney damage. Blood lead and urine Cd, manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and EKD indexes were compared between residents in Exposure group (n = 168) and Control group (n = 168). It was found that PM2.5 level in Exposure group was significantly higher than that in Control group, and serum Cys-C and urine Cd, NAG, mAlb, KIM-1 and Cd-MT levels in Exposure group were also significantly higher than those in Control group, suggesting that differences in urine Cd and heavy metal levels between the residents of the two groups may be due to different PM2.5 concentrations in the environments of the two areas. Cd accumulation within the human body can induce kidney damage, probably through its potential hazard to the proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Occupational Diseases of Yangpu Hospital Under Yangpu District Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Department of Occupational Diseases of Yangpu Hospital Under Yangpu District Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Physical Examination Center of Jiading District Anting Hospital, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Department of Occupational Diseases of Yangpu Hospital Under Yangpu District Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Diseases of Yangpu Hospital Under Yangpu District Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yuetian Shen
- Department of Occupational Diseases of Yangpu Hospital Under Yangpu District Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xingya Kuang
- Department of Occupational Diseases of Yangpu Hospital Under Yangpu District Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China.
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Fanning N, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK. An association of smoking with serum urate and gout: A health paradox. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:825-842. [PMID: 29398126 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential effect of cigarette smoking on levels of serum urate and risk of gout has been considered by a large number of studies, either as the primary variable of interest or as a covariate. METHODS Here we systematically review the published evidence relating to the relationship of smoking with serum urate, hyperuricaemia, and gout. RESULTS Many studies have reported that smoking reduces serum urate, however, the evidence has not been conclusive with other studies pointing to the opposite or no effect. It has also been suggested that smoking reduces the risk of gout, although there is some evidence to contradict this finding. CONCLUSION A consensus has yet to be reached as to the effect of smoking on serum urate levels and the risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fanning
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Prozialeck WC, VanDreel A, Ackerman CD, Stock I, Papaeliou A, Yasmine C, Wilson K, Lamar PC, Sears VL, Gasiorowski JZ, DiNovo KM, Vaidya VS, Edwards JR. Evaluation of cystatin C as an early biomarker of cadmium nephrotoxicity in the rat. Biometals 2015; 29:131-46. [PMID: 26715107 PMCID: PMC4735246 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nephrotoxic environmental pollutant that causes insidious injury to the proximal tubule that results in severe polyuria and proteinuria. Cystatin C is a low molecular weight protein that is being evaluated as a serum and urinary biomarker for various types of ischemic and nephrotoxic renal injury. The objective of the present study was to determine if cystatin C might be a useful early biomarker of Cd nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily injections of Cd for up to 12 weeks. At 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks, urine samples were analyzed for cystatin C, protein, creatinine, β2 microglobulin and kidney injury molecule-1. The results showed that Cd caused a significant increase in the urinary excretion of cystatin C that occurred 3-4 weeks before the onset of polyuria and proteinuria. Serum levels of cystatin C were not altered by Cd. Immunolabeling studies showed that Cd caused the relocalization of cystatin C from the cytoplasm to the apical surface of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. The Cd-induced changes in cystatin C labelling paralleled those of the brush border transport protein, megalin, which has been implicated as a mediator of cystatin C uptake in the proximal tubule. These results indicate that Cd increases the urinary excretion of cystatin C, and they suggest that this effect may involve disruption of megalin-mediated uptake of cystatin C by epithelial cells of the proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Aaron VanDreel
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Christopher D Ackerman
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Ian Stock
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Alexander Papaeliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Christian Yasmine
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Kristen Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Peter C Lamar
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Victoria L Sears
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Joshua Z Gasiorowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Karyn M DiNovo
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua R Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
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Treviño S, Waalkes MP, Flores Hernández JA, León-Chavez BA, Aguilar-Alonso P, Brambila E. Chronic cadmium exposure in rats produces pancreatic impairment and insulin resistance in multiple peripheral tissues. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 583:27-35. [PMID: 26253262 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked cadmium exposure to disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In this study we investigate the effects in Wistar rats of an oral cadmium exposure in drinking water on carbohydrates, lipids and insulin release. Also, using mathematical models we studied the effect of cadmium on insulin resistance and sensitivity in liver, muscle, adipose and cardiovascular tissue. Cadmium exposure induced hyperglycemia, increased insulin release after a glucose load, and caused increases in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL-C, and a decrease of HDL-C. In addition, there was an accumulation of cadmium in pancreas and an increase of insulin. After exposure, HOMA-IR was increased, while the HOMA-S%, QUICKI and Matsuda-DeFronzo indexes showed decreases. A decrease of insulin sensitivity was shown in muscle and liver. Additionally, cadmium increases insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue and cardiovascular system. Finally, β-cell functioning was evaluated by HOMA-B% index and insulin disposition index, which were decreased, while insulin generation index increased. In conclusion, cadmium increases insulin release, induces hyperglycemia and alters lipid metabolism. These changes likely occur as a consequence of reduced sensitivity and increased insulin resistance in multiple insulin-dependent and non-dependent tissues, producing a biochemical phenotype similar to metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Treviño
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - José Angel Flores Hernández
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bertha Alicia León-Chavez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
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